Ammonium alum: Difference between revisions

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	{{chembox		{{chembox
			\| Watchedfields = changed
	\| verifiedrevid = ~~397769305~~		\| verifiedrevid = 442343812
	\| ImageFile = Ammonium aluminium sulfate dodecahydrate.svg
	\| ~~ImageFile1~~ =		\| Name =
	\| ~~ImageSize1~~ = ~~300px~~		\| ImageFile =
			\| ImageFile1 = Ammonium alum crystals.jpg
	\| IUPACName = Aluminium ammonium bis(sulfate) {{Citation needed\|date=March 2010}}
			\| ImageSize1 = 300px
⚫	\| ~~OtherNames~~ = Ammonium alum~~<br/>~~]
			\| IUPACName =
⚫	\| Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers
		⚫	\| OtherNames = {{Unbulleted list\|Ammonium alum sulfate\|]}}
⚫	\| SMILES = .S(=O)(=O).S()(=O)=O.
			\| SystematicName =
		⚫	\| Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers
		⚫	\| SMILES = .S(=O)(=O).S()(=O)=O.
			\| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite\|correct\|CAS}}
	\| CASNo = 7784-25-0		\| CASNo = 7784-25-0
			\| CASNo1_Ref = {{cascite\|correct\|CAS}}
	\| CASNo1 = 7784-26-1
	\| CASNo1_Comment = (dodecahydrate)		\| CASNo1 = 7784-26-1
			\| CASNo1_Comment = (dodecahydrate)
	\| EINECS = 232-055-3		\| EINECS = 232-055-3
	\| ~~RTECS~~ = ~~WS5640010~~		\| KEGG = D02842
			\| KEGG_Comment = (dodecahydrate)
⚫	\| InChI = 1/Al.H3N.2H2O4S/c;;21-5(2,3)4/h;1H3;2(H2,1,2,3,4)/q+3;;;/p-3
			\| RTECS = WS5640010
⚫	\| StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite\|correct\|chemspider}}
			\| PubChem = 3032540
			\| PubChem1 = 62668
			\| PubChem1_Comment = (dodecahydrate)
			\| EC_number_Comment = 616-522-2 (dodecahydrate)
		⚫	\| InChI = 1/Al.H3N.2H2O4S/c;;21-5(2,3)4/h;1H3;2(H2,1,2,3,4)/q+3;;;/p-3
		⚫	\| StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite\|correct\|chemspider}}
	\| StdInChI = 1S/Al.H3N.2H2O4S/c;;21-5(2,3)4/h;1H3;2(H2,1,2,3,4)/q+3;;;/p-3		\| StdInChI = 1S/Al.H3N.2H2O4S/c;;21-5(2,3)4/h;1H3;2(H2,1,2,3,4)/q+3;;;/p-3
	\| InChIKey = LCQXXBOSCBRNNT-DFZHHIFOAY		\| InChIKey = LCQXXBOSCBRNNT-DFZHHIFOAY
	\| StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite\|correct\|chemspider}}		\| StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite\|correct\|chemspider}}
	\| StdInChIKey = LCQXXBOSCBRNNT-UHFFFAOYSA-K		\| StdInChIKey = LCQXXBOSCBRNNT-UHFFFAOYSA-K
	\| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite\|correct\|chemspider}}		\| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite\|correct\|chemspider}}
	\| ChemSpiderID = 2297489		\| ChemSpiderID = 2297489
			\| ChemSpiderID1_Ref = {{chemspidercite\|correct\|chemspider}}
	\| ChemSpiderID1 = 56419
	\| ChemSpiderID1_Comment = (dodecahydrate)		\| ChemSpiderID1 = 56419
			\| ChemSpiderID1_Comment = (dodecahydrate)
			\| UNII_Ref = {{fdacite\|correct\|FDA}}
			\| UNII = DPU64XYB1D
			\| UNII1_Ref = {{fdacite\|correct\|FDA}}
			\| UNII1 = 5C36DRL9ZN
			\| UNII1_Comment = (dodecahydrate)
	}}		}}
	\| Section2 = {{Chembox Properties		\| Section2 = {{Chembox Properties
	\| ~~Reference~~ = <ref name="RubberBible">{{RubberBible62nd\|pages=B-74, B-75}}.</ref>		\| Properties_ref = <ref name="RubberBible">{{RubberBible62nd\|pages=B-74, B-75}}.</ref>
	\| Formula = (NH<sub>4</sub>)Al(SO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>		\| Formula = (NH<sub>4</sub>)Al(SO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>
	\| MolarMass = 237.15 g/mol (anhydrous)<br/>453.33 g/mol (dodecahydrate)		\| MolarMass = 237.15 g/mol (anhydrous)<br/>453.33 g/mol (dodecahydrate)
	\| Appearance = white crystals		\| Appearance = white crystals
	\| Density = 2.45 g/cm<sup>3</sup> (anhydrous)<br/>1.64 g/cm<sup>3</sup> (dodecahydrate)		\| Density = 2.45 g/cm<sup>3</sup> (anhydrous)<br/>1.64 g/cm<sup>3</sup> (dodecahydrate)
	\| ~~MeltingPt~~ = 93.5 ~~°C (dodecahydrate)~~		\| MeltingPtC = 93.5
	\| ~~BoilingPt~~ = ~~120 °C ''dehydr.''~~ (dodecahydrate)		\| MeltingPt_notes = (dodecahydrate)
			\| BoilingPtC = 120
⚫	\| Solubility = 15 g/100 ml (20 °C, dodecahydrate)
			\| BoilingPt_notes = ''dehydr.'' (dodecahydrate)
		⚫	\| Solubility = 15 g/100 ml (20 °C, dodecahydrate)
	}}		}}
	\| Section3 = {{Chembox Structure		\| Section3 = {{Chembox Structure
	\| ~~Reference~~ = <ref name="RubberBible"/>		\| Structure_ref = <ref name="RubberBible"/>
	\| CrystalStruct = Hexagonal (anhydrous)<br/>Cubic (dodecahydrate)		\| CrystalStruct = Hexagonal (anhydrous)<br/>Cubic (dodecahydrate)
	\| SpaceGroup =		\| SpaceGroup =
	\| Coordination = Octahedral (Al<sup>3+</sup>)		\| Coordination = Octahedral (Al<sup>3+</sup>)
	\| LattConst_a =		\| LattConst_a =
	}}		}}
			\| Section4 =
⚫	\| Section7 = {{Chembox Hazards
			\| Section5 =
⚫	\| ~~Reference~~ = <ref>{{GHS class NZ\|id=15938\|~~accessdate~~=2009-11-23}}.</ref>
	\| ~~EUIndex~~ = ~~not~~ ~~listed~~		\| Section6 =
		⚫	\| Section7 = {{Chembox Hazards
⚫	\| GHSPictograms = {{GHS07\|Skin Irrit. 2; Eye Irrit. 2}}
		⚫	\| Hazards_ref = <ref>{{GHS class NZ\|id=15938\|access-date=2009-11-23}}.</ref>
⚫	\| GHSSignalWord = WARNING
		⚫	\| GHSPictograms = {{GHS07\|Skin Irrit. 2; Eye Irrit. 2}}
⚫	\| HPhrases = {{H-phrases\|315\|319}}
		⚫	\| GHSSignalWord = WARNING
⚫	\| PPhrases = {{P-phrases\|264\|280\|302+352\|305+351+338\|321\|332+313\|337+313\|362}}
		⚫	\| HPhrases = {{H-phrases\|315\|319}}
⚫	\| FlashPt = ~~non~~-flammable
		⚫	\| PPhrases = {{P-phrases\|264\|280\|302+352\|305+351+338\|321\|332+313\|337+313\|362}}
⚫	\| ~~ExternalMSDS~~ =
		⚫	\| FlashPt = Non-flammable
		⚫	\| ExternalSDS =
	}}		}}
	}}		}}
	'''Ammonium aluminium sulfate''', also known as '''ammonium alum''' is a white crystalline ] usually encountered as the dodecahydrate, ] (NH<sub>4</sub>)Al(SO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>·12H<sub>2</sub>O. It is used in small amounts in a variety of niche applications. The dodecahydrate occurs naturally as the rare mineral ].<ref name="RubberBible"/>		'''Ammonium aluminium sulfate''', also known as '''ammonium alum''' or just '''alum''' (though there are many different substances also called "]"), is a white crystalline ] usually encountered as the dodecahydrate, ] (NH<sub>4</sub>)Al(SO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>·12H<sub>2</sub>O. It is used in small amounts in a variety of niche applications. The dodecahydrate occurs naturally as the rare mineral ].<ref name="RubberBible"/>

	==Production and basic properties==		==Production and basic properties==
	Ammonium alum is made from ], ] and ]. It forms a ] with ]. ] leaves ]. Such alumina is used in the production of grinding powders and as precursors to ]s.<ref>Otto Helmboldt, L. Keith Hudson, Chanakya Misra, Karl Wefers, Wolfgang Heck, Hans Stark, Max Danner, Norbert Rösch "Aluminum Compounds, Inorganic" in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry 2007, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim.{{~~DOI~~\|10.1002/14356007.a01_527.pub2}}</ref>		Ammonium alum is made from ], ] and ]. It forms a ] with ]. ] leaves ]. Such alumina is used in the production of grinding powders and as precursors to ]s.<ref>Otto Helmboldt, L. Keith Hudson, Chanakya Misra, Karl Wefers, Wolfgang Heck, Hans Stark, Max Danner, Norbert Rösch "Aluminum Compounds, Inorganic" in ''Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry'' 2007, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim.{{doi\|10.1002/14356007.a01_527.pub2}}</ref>

	==Uses==		==Uses==
	Ammonium alum is not a major industrial chemical or a particularly useful laboratory reagent, but it is ~~inexpensive~~ and ~~nontoxic~~, which invites many niche applications. It is used in water purification, in vegetable glues, in porcelain cements, in ]s and in tanning, dyeing and in fireproofing textiles.<ref>{{citation \| url = ~~http~~://www.questia.com/library/encyclopedia/alum.jsp \| contribution = Alum \| title = The Columbia Encyclopedia \| year = 2004 \| edition = 6th \| publisher = Columbia University Press \| location = Ithaca, NY \| ~~accessdate~~ = 2009-11-23}}.</ref> The ] of the solution resulting from the topical application of ammonium alum with perspiration is typically in the slightly acid range, from 4 to 5.<ref>{{citation \| url = http://~~www.jtbaker~~.com/msds/~~englishhtml~~/a2760.htm \| title = Aluminum Ammonium Sulfate Material Safety Data Sheet \| publisher = J. T. Baker \| date = March 2009 \| ~~accessdate~~ = 2009-11-23}}.</ref>		Ammonium alum is not a major industrial chemical or a particularly useful laboratory reagent, but it is cheap and effective, which invites many niche applications. It is used in water purification, in vegetable glues, in porcelain cements, in ]s and in tanning, dyeing and in fireproofing textiles.<ref>{{citation \| url = https://www.questia.com/library/encyclopedia/alum.jsp \| contribution = Alum \| title = The Columbia Encyclopedia \| year = 2004 \| edition = 6th \| publisher = Columbia University Press \| location = Ithaca, NY \| access-date = 2009-11-23 \| archive-date = 2009-10-17 \| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20091017095045/http://www.questia.com/library/encyclopedia/alum.jsp \| url-status = dead }}.</ref> The ] of the solution resulting from the topical application of ammonium alum with perspiration is typically in the slightly acid range, from 3 to 5.<ref>{{citation \| url = http://hazard.com/msds/mf/baker/baker/files/a2760.htm \| title = Aluminum Ammonium Sulfate Material Safety Data Sheet \| publisher = J. T. Baker \| date = March 2009 \| access-date = 2009-11-23}}.</ref>

	Ammonium alum is a common ingredient in animal ~~repellant~~ sprays.<ref>{{citation \| url = http://www.bruceharris.com.au/BHPMweb/dter_faq.htm \| title = D-TER Animal and Bird Repellent \| publisher = Bruce Harris Project Management Pty Ltd \| date = 2004-09-04 \| ~~accessdate~~ = 2010-03-03}}.</ref><ref>{{citation \| url = http://www.multicrop.com.au/~~MSDS~~/~~Scat_MSDS~~.~~doc~~ \| title = Scat ~~Material~~ ~~Safety~~ Data Sheet \| publisher = Multicrop (Aust.) Pty. Ltd. \| date = 2003-03-04 \| ~~accessdate~~ = 2010-03-03}}.</ref><ref>{{citation \| url = http://www.tandridge.gov.uk/environment/pestcontrol/foxes.htm \| title = Pest Control: Foxes \| publisher = Tandridge District Council (UK) \| date = 2006~~-02~~ \| ~~accessdate~~ = 2010-03-03}}.</ref>		Ammonium alum is a common ingredient in animal repellent sprays.<ref>{{citation \| url = http://www.bruceharris.com.au/BHPMweb/dter_faq.htm \| title = D-TER Animal and Bird Repellent \| publisher = Bruce Harris Project Management Pty Ltd \| date = 2004-09-04 \| access-date = 2010-03-03 \| archive-date = 2009-10-15 \| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20091015031644/http://bruceharris.com.au/BHPMweb/dter_faq.htm \| url-status = dead }}.</ref><ref>{{citation \| url = http://www.multicrop.com.au/pdfs/MULTICROP-SCAT-BIRD-AND-ANIMAL-REPELLENT-Ref-%281226%29.pdf \| title = Multicrop Scat Bird and Animal Repellent Data Sheet \| publisher = Multicrop (Aust.) Pty. Ltd. \| date = 2003-03-04 \| access-date = 2010-03-03}}.</ref><ref>{{citation \| url = http://www.tandridge.gov.uk/environment/pestcontrol/foxes.htm \| title = Pest Control: Foxes \| publisher = Tandridge District Council (UK) \| date = February 2006 \| access-date = 2010-03-03}}.</ref>

	== Toxicology ==
	Aluminium sulfate, closely related to ammonium alum, is nontoxic with an {{LD50}} of 6207 mg/kg. No human or ecological (for reduced concentrations) toxicity registered.<ref>{{citation \| title = PAN Pesticide Database \| url = http://www.pesticideinfo.org/Detail_Chemical.jsp?Rec_Id=PC33857 \| contribution = Ammonium alum \| publisher = Pesticides Action Network \| accessdate = 2009-11-23}}.</ref>

	==References==		==References==
	{{reflist}}		{{reflist}}

			{{Aluminium compounds}}
			{{Ammonium salts}}

	{{DEFAULTSORT:Ammonium Aluminium Sulfate}}		{{DEFAULTSORT:Ammonium Aluminium Sulfate}}
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	{{inorganic-compound-stub}}

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Latest revision as of 16:38, 15 September 2024

Ammonium alum
Names

Other names Ammonium alum sulfate Tschermigite
Identifiers
CAS Number	7784-25-0 7784-26-1 (dodecahydrate)
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image
ChemSpider	2297489 56419 (dodecahydrate)
ECHA InfoCard	100.029.141
EC Number	232-055-3 616-522-2 (dodecahydrate)
E number	E523 (acidity regulators, ...)
KEGG	D02842 (dodecahydrate)
PubChem CID	3032540 62668 (dodecahydrate)
RTECS number	WS5640010
UNII	DPU64XYB1D 5C36DRL9ZN (dodecahydrate)
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID7051428
InChI InChI=1S/Al.H3N.2H2O4S/c;;21-5(2,3)4/h;1H3;2(H2,1,2,3,4)/q+3;;;/p-3Key: LCQXXBOSCBRNNT-UHFFFAOYSA-K InChI=1/Al.H3N.2H2O4S/c;;21-5(2,3)4/h;1H3;2(H2,1,2,3,4)/q+3;;;/p-3Key: LCQXXBOSCBRNNT-DFZHHIFOAY
SMILES .S(=O)(=O).S()(=O)=O.
Properties
Chemical formula	(NH₄)Al(SO₄)₂
Molar mass	237.15 g/mol (anhydrous) 453.33 g/mol (dodecahydrate)
Appearance	white crystals
Density	2.45 g/cm (anhydrous) 1.64 g/cm (dodecahydrate)
Melting point	93.5 °C (200.3 °F; 366.6 K) (dodecahydrate)
Boiling point	120 °C (248 °F; 393 K) dehydr. (dodecahydrate)
Solubility in water	15 g/100 ml (20 °C, dodecahydrate)
Structure
Crystal structure	Hexagonal (anhydrous) Cubic (dodecahydrate)
Coordination geometry	Octahedral (Al)
Hazards
GHS labelling:
Pictograms
Signal word	Warning
Hazard statements	H315, H319
Precautionary statements	P264, P280, P302+P352, P305+P351+P338, P321, P332+P313, P337+P313, P362
Flash point	Non-flammable
Safety data sheet (SDS)	External MSDS
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C , 100 kPa). Y verify (what is ?) Infobox references

Chemical compound

Ammonium aluminium sulfate, also known as ammonium alum or just alum (though there are many different substances also called "alum"), is a white crystalline double sulfate usually encountered as the dodecahydrate, formula (NH₄)Al(SO₄)₂·12H₂O. It is used in small amounts in a variety of niche applications. The dodecahydrate occurs naturally as the rare mineral tschermigite.

Production and basic properties

Ammonium alum is made from aluminium hydroxide, sulfuric acid and ammonium sulfate. It forms a solid solution with potassium alum. Pyrolysis leaves alumina. Such alumina is used in the production of grinding powders and as precursors to synthetic gems.

Uses

Ammonium alum is not a major industrial chemical or a particularly useful laboratory reagent, but it is cheap and effective, which invites many niche applications. It is used in water purification, in vegetable glues, in porcelain cements, in deodorants and in tanning, dyeing and in fireproofing textiles. The pH of the solution resulting from the topical application of ammonium alum with perspiration is typically in the slightly acid range, from 3 to 5.

Ammonium alum is a common ingredient in animal repellent sprays.

References

^ Weast, Robert C., ed. (1981). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (62nd ed.). Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press. pp. B-74, B-75. ISBN 0-8493-0462-8..
HSNO Chemical Classification Information Database, New Zealand Environmental Risk Management Authority, retrieved 2009-11-23.
Otto Helmboldt, L. Keith Hudson, Chanakya Misra, Karl Wefers, Wolfgang Heck, Hans Stark, Max Danner, Norbert Rösch "Aluminum Compounds, Inorganic" in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry 2007, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim.doi:10.1002/14356007.a01_527.pub2
"Alum", The Columbia Encyclopedia (6th ed.), Ithaca, NY: Columbia University Press, 2004, archived from the original on 2009-10-17, retrieved 2009-11-23.
Aluminum Ammonium Sulfate Material Safety Data Sheet, J. T. Baker, March 2009, retrieved 2009-11-23.
D-TER Animal and Bird Repellent, Bruce Harris Project Management Pty Ltd, 2004-09-04, archived from the original on 2009-10-15, retrieved 2010-03-03.
Multicrop Scat Bird and Animal Repellent Data Sheet (PDF), Multicrop (Aust.) Pty. Ltd., 2003-03-04, retrieved 2010-03-03.
Pest Control: Foxes, Tandridge District Council (UK), February 2006, retrieved 2010-03-03.

Aluminium compounds

Al(I)

Organoaluminium(I) compounds	Al(C₅(CH₃)₅)

Al(II)

Al(III)

Alums	(NH₄)Al(SO₄)₂ KAl(SO₄)₂ NaAl(SO₄)₂
Organoaluminium(III) compounds	Al(C₃H₅O₃)₃ C ₃₆H ₆₉AlO ₆ (Al(CH₃)₃)₂ (Al(C₂H₅)₃)₂ Al(CH₂CH(CH₃)₂)₃ Al(C₂H₅)₂Cl Al(C₂H₅)₂CN Al(CH₂CH(CH₃)₂)₂H Al(C₂H₅)₂Cl₂C₂H₅Cl Ti(C₅H₅)₂CH₂ClAl(CH₃)₂

Ammonium salts

Inorganic salts

monatomic anions	NH₄F (NH₄)₂S NH₄Cl (NH₄)₂Se NH₄Br NH₄I
oxyanions	NH₄NO₂ NH₄NO₃ (NH₄)₂CO₃ (NH₄)₄UO₂(CO₃)₂ (NH₄)HCO₃ NH₄H₂AsO₄ NH₄OCN (NH₄)₃PO₄ NH₄PH₂O₂ (NH₄)₂HPO₄ (NH₄)H₂PO₄ (NH₄PO₄)_n(OH)₂ NH₄NaHPO₄ (NH₄)₂SO₃ (NH₄)₂SO₄ (NH₄)Al(SO₄)₂·12H₂O (NH₄)₂Fe(SO₄)₂·6H₂O NH₄Fe(SO₄)₂·12H₂O NH₄SO₃NH₂ (NH₄)HSO₄ (NH₄)₂S₂O₈ (NH₄)₂S₂O₃ NH₄ClO₃ NH₄ClO₄ NH₄VO₃ (NH₄)₂CrO₄ (NH₄)₂Cr₂O₇ NH₄MnO₄ (NH₄)₃AsO₄ NH₄BrO₄ (NH₄)₂MoO₄ (NH₄)₆Mo₇O₂₄ (NH₄)₃Mo₁₂PO₄₀ NH₄IO₃ (NH₄)₂Ce(NO₃)₆ (NH₄)₈Ce₂(SO₄)₈·4H₂O (NH₄)₁₀H₂W₁₂O₄₂·4H₂O NH₄ReO₄ (NH₄)₂TeO₄
other anions	NH₄BF₄ NH₄N₃ NH₄CN NH₄[Au(CN)₂] (NH₄)HF₂ (NH₄)₂SeBr₆ (NH₄)₃AlF₆ NH₄SbF₆ NH₄AsF₆ (NH₄)₃CrF₆ (NH₄)₃FeF₆ (NH₄)₃GaF₆ (NH₄)₂GeF₆ (NH₄)₃InF₆ NH₄NbF₆ (NH₄)₂PtF₆ (NH₄)₂ReF₆ (NH₄)₂SnF₆ NH₄TaF₆ (NH₄)₂UF₆ (NH₄)₃VF₆ (NH₄)SiF₆ (NH₄)HS NH₄SCN (NH₄)₂ZnCl₄ (NH₄)₂MoS₄ NH₄I₃ (NH₄)₂PtBr₆ (NH₄)₂SnBr₆ (NH₄)₂TeCl₆ (NH₄)₂IrCl₆ (NH₄)₂OsCl₆ (NH₄)₂PtCl₆ (NH₄)₂ReCl₆ (NH₄)₂PdCl₆ (NH₄)₂PbCl₆ (NH₄)₃RhCl₆ (NH₄)₂SeCl₆ (NH₄)₂SnCl₆ (NH₄)₄[Fe(CN)₆] (NH₄)₃VS₄

Organic salts

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