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{{short description|Puerto Rican scientist}}
{{Infobox person {{Infobox person
| name =Fernando López Tuero | name =Fernando López Tuero
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| birth_date = 1857 | birth_date = 1857
| birth_place = | birth_place =
| death_date = 190782<br/>] | death_date = 1907<br/>]
| nationality = ] | nationality = ]
| occupation = Agricultural scientist and agronomist | occupation = Agricultural scientist and agronomist
| salary =
| networth =
| spouse = | spouse =
| children = | children =
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| website = | website =
}} }}
'''Fernando López Tuero''' <ref group=note>{{Spanish name|'''López'''|'''Tuero'''}}</ref> (1857-1907) was an agricultural scientist and ] who discovered the bug (believed at first to be a germ) which was destroying ] ]s.<ref name="CPR">{{cite web '''Fernando López Tuero''' <ref group=note>{{family name hatnote|'''López'''|'''Tuero'''|lang=Spanish}}</ref> (1857–1907) was an agricultural scientist and ] who discovered the bug (believed at first to be a germ) which was destroying ] ]s.<ref name="CPR">{{cite web
|accessdate=2008-10-04|url=http://www.cienciapr.org/history |accessdate=2008-10-04
|url=http://www.cienciapr.org/history
|title= Historia de la investigación científica en Puerto Rico], |title=Historia de la investigación científica en Puerto Rico
|author=Rigau Pérez, José G., MD, MPH |author=Rigau Pérez, José G.
|publisher=CienciaPR}}</ref> |publisher=CienciaPR
|url-status=dead
|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110930192644/http://www.cienciapr.org/history
|archivedate=2011-09-30
}}</ref>


==Agricultural epidemic== ==Agricultural epidemic==
In the latter part of the 19th Century, an epidemic was affecting the agricultural industry of Puerto Rico. Among the crops affected was the sugar cane, whose main product "sugar" was vital to Puerto Rico's economy.<ref name="CPR"/> The ], created an emergency commission composed of scientists, which included Dr. Agustín Stahl and Fernando López Tuero, to study the situation. Dr. ] concluded that the epidemic was caused by a "germ" in the terrain, however his findings were inconclusive. In 1894, Fernando López Tuero, who was the head agronomist of the Agronomical Station of ], discovered that the cause of the epidemic was the ] (]).<ref name="CPR"/><ref>, Retrieved October 4, 2008</ref> In the latter part of the 19th Century, an epidemic was affecting the agricultural industry of Puerto Rico. Among the crops affected was the sugar cane, whose main product "sugar" was vital to Puerto Rico's economy.<ref name="CPR"/> The ] created an emergency commission composed of scientists, which included Dr. ] and Fernando López Tuero, to study the situation. Stahl concluded that the epidemic was caused by a "germ" in the terrain, however his findings were inconclusive. In 1894 Fernando López Tuero, the director and head agronomist of the Agronomical Station of ], discovered that the cause of the epidemic was the ] (]).<ref name="CPR"/><ref>{{cite web |url=http://hcentroamerica.fcs.ucr.ac.cr/cong/mesas/cong7/docs/2_3.doc |title=El aroma económicamente embrujador del café y el olvido de la buena dieta |accessdate=2007-06-23 |url-status=bot: unknown |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070623111054/http://hcentroamerica.fcs.ucr.ac.cr/cong/mesas/cong7/docs/2_3.doc |archivedate=June 23, 2007 }}, Retrieved October 4, 2008</ref><ref name="Entomological Society of America 1913 p. 252">{{cite book | author=Entomological Society of America | title=Journal of Economic Entomology | publisher=Entomological Society of America | year=1913 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wgj0AAAAMAAJ&pg=PA252 | access-date=12 October 2019 | page=252}}</ref>


The Phyllophaga is a very large ] (more than 260 species) of ] ] ]s in the subfamily ]. These beetles are nocturnal, coming to lights in great numbers. The adults are ]s, feeding on foliage of trees and shrubs. They may cause significant damage when emerging in large numbers. The larvae (called white grubs) feed on the roots of grasses and other plants.<ref name="june beetle">{{cite web|url=http://www.cirrusimage.com/beetles_June.htm|title=June Beetle / June Bug - Cirrus Digital Imaging|publisher=Red Planet Inc.|accessdate=2008-06-21}}</ref> The Phyllophaga is a very large ] (more than 260 species) of ] ] ]s in the subfamily ]. These beetles are nocturnal, emerging in great numbers during the night. The adults are ]s, feeding on foliage of trees and shrubs. They may cause significant damage when emerging in large numbers. The larvae (called white grubs) feed on the roots of grasses and other plants.<ref name="june beetle">{{cite web|url=http://www.cirrusimage.com/beetles_June.htm|title=June Beetle / June Bug - Cirrus Digital Imaging|publisher=Red Planet Inc.|accessdate=2008-06-21}}</ref>


López Tuero's scientific investigations have been uncluded in Madre Teresa Cortés Zavala's "Fernando López Tuero, La Revista de Agricultura, Industria y Comercio de Puerto Rico y el progreso agrícola de 1885-1898" written for the Escuela de Historia; Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo.<ref></ref> López Tuero's scientific investigations have been included in Madre Teresa Cortés Zavala's "Fernando López Tuero, La Revista de Agricultura, Industria y Comercio de Puerto Rico y el progreso agrícola de 1885-1898" written for the Escuela de Historia; Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.actualidadhistorica.com/noticias/historia-contemporanea/248-seminario-internacional-qlos-caminos-del-progreso-en-el-caribe-hispano-contemporaneo-economia-ciencia-y-culturaq.html |title=Seminario Internacional: "Los caminos del progreso en el Caribe hispano contemporáneo: economía, ciencia y cultura" |access-date=2011-08-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120110072749/http://www.actualidadhistorica.com/noticias/historia-contemporanea/248-seminario-internacional-qlos-caminos-del-progreso-en-el-caribe-hispano-contemporaneo-economia-ciencia-y-culturaq.html |archive-date=2012-01-10 |url-status=dead }}</ref>


==Written works== ==Written works==
López Tuero voiced strong beliefs about the function of a state, saying it was mainly to protect people's private property. His views were drafted into the 1878 Municipal Law which organized many of the police functions around just that, protect the large farms of landowners in the countryside.<ref name="Carrasquillo 2006 p. 49">{{cite book | last=Carrasquillo | first=R.E. | title=Our Landless Patria: Marginal Citizenship and Race in Caguas, Puerto Rico, 1880-1910 | publisher=University of Nebraska Press | year=2006 | isbn=978-0-8032-1537-5 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=42Ik0ZaM4RcC&pg=PA49 | access-date=12 October 2019 | page=49}}</ref> Some of his works include:<ref></ref>
Among López Tuero's written works are the following:<ref></ref>
*"Imagen del editor Unitarismo de La Patria Espanola" (ISBN: 9781146505253) *''Imagen del editor Unitarismo De La Patria Espanola: La Descentralizacion, El Regionalismo, Portugal, Gibraltar, Sintesis Del Unitarismo'' ({{ISBN|9781146505253}})
*''Valoración de materias agrícolas''
*"Imagen del editor Unitarismo De La Patria Espanola: La Descentralizacion, El Regionalismo, Portugal, Gibraltar, Sintesis Del Unitarismo" (ISBN: 9781146505253)
*''El chacolí santanderino en los siglos XIII al XIX''
*"VALORACION DE MATERIAS AGRICOLAS"
⚫ *''El hombre''
*"EL CHACOLÍ SANTANDERINO EN LOS SIGLOS XIII AL XIX"
*''Enfermedad de la caña de azúcar y modo de combartirla''
⚫ *"El hombre"
*''Estado moral de los factores de la producción en Cuba y Puerto Rico''
*" ENFERMEDAD DE LA CAÑA DE AZÚCAR Y MODO DE COMBATIRLA"
*''Café y piña de America''<ref name="Cuadra 2013 p. 322">{{cite book |last=Ortiz Cuadra|first=Cruz Miguel|title=Eating Puerto Rico: A History of Food, Culture, and Identity | publisher=University of North Carolina Press | series=Latin America in Translation/en Traducción/em Tradução | year=2013 | isbn=978-1-4696-0882-2 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JRiRAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA322 | access-date=12 October 2019 | page=322}}</ref>
*"ESTADO MORAL DE LOS FACTORES DE LA PRODUCCION EN CUBA Y PUERTO-RICO"
*''Puerto Rico: Tipografía del "Boletin Mercantil", 1895<ref name="Meyer 1910 p. 214">{{cite book | last=Meyer | first=H.H.B. | title=Select list of references on sugar: chiefly in its economic aspects | publisher=Govt. Print. Off. | year=1910 | url=https://archive.org/details/selectlistrefer09biblgoog | access-date=12 October 2019 | page=}}</ref>

==See also== ==See also==
{{Portal|Puerto Rico|Biography}} {{Portal|Puerto Rico|Biography}}
*] *]
*] *]
{{clr}} {{clear}}

==Notes== ==Notes==
<references group=note/> <references group=note/>

==References== ==References==
{{Reflist}} {{Reflist}}


==Further reading==
{{Persondata <!-- Metadata: see ]. -->
* {{cite book | title=Report of the Puerto Rico Agricultural Experiment Station | publisher=U.S. Government Printing Office | year=1914 | url=https://archive.org/details/CAT31294384001 | access-date=12 October 2019 }}
| NAME = Lopez Tuero, Fernando

| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION =
| DATE OF BIRTH = 1857
| PLACE OF BIRTH =
| DATE OF DEATH = 1907
| PLACE OF DEATH =
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Lopez Tuero, Fernando}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Lopez Tuero, Fernando}}
] ]
] ]
] ]
]

]
{{PuertoRico-bio-stub}}

Latest revision as of 04:24, 3 June 2024

Puerto Rican scientist
Fernando López Tuero
Born1857
Died1907
San Juan, Puerto Rico
NationalityPuerto Rican
Occupation(s)Agricultural scientist and agronomist

Fernando López Tuero (1857–1907) was an agricultural scientist and agronomist who discovered the bug (believed at first to be a germ) which was destroying Puerto Rico sugar canes.

Agricultural epidemic

In the latter part of the 19th Century, an epidemic was affecting the agricultural industry of Puerto Rico. Among the crops affected was the sugar cane, whose main product "sugar" was vital to Puerto Rico's economy. The Spanish colonial government created an emergency commission composed of scientists, which included Dr. Agustín Stahl and Fernando López Tuero, to study the situation. Stahl concluded that the epidemic was caused by a "germ" in the terrain, however his findings were inconclusive. In 1894 Fernando López Tuero, the director and head agronomist of the Agronomical Station of Río Piedras, discovered that the cause of the epidemic was the white grub (Phyllophaga).

The Phyllophaga is a very large genus (more than 260 species) of New World scarab beetles in the subfamily Melolonthinae. These beetles are nocturnal, emerging in great numbers during the night. The adults are chafers, feeding on foliage of trees and shrubs. They may cause significant damage when emerging in large numbers. The larvae (called white grubs) feed on the roots of grasses and other plants.

López Tuero's scientific investigations have been included in Madre Teresa Cortés Zavala's "Fernando López Tuero, La Revista de Agricultura, Industria y Comercio de Puerto Rico y el progreso agrícola de 1885-1898" written for the Escuela de Historia; Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo.

Written works

López Tuero voiced strong beliefs about the function of a state, saying it was mainly to protect people's private property. His views were drafted into the 1878 Municipal Law which organized many of the police functions around just that, protect the large farms of landowners in the countryside. Some of his works include:

  • Imagen del editor Unitarismo De La Patria Espanola: La Descentralizacion, El Regionalismo, Portugal, Gibraltar, Sintesis Del Unitarismo (ISBN 9781146505253)
  • Valoración de materias agrícolas
  • El chacolí santanderino en los siglos XIII al XIX
  • El hombre
  • Enfermedad de la caña de azúcar y modo de combartirla
  • Estado moral de los factores de la producción en Cuba y Puerto Rico
  • Café y piña de America
  • Puerto Rico: Tipografía del "Boletin Mercantil", 1895

See also

Notes

  1. In this Spanish name, the first or paternal surname is López and the second or maternal family name is Tuero.

References

  1. ^ Rigau Pérez, José G. "Historia de la investigación científica en Puerto Rico". CienciaPR. Archived from the original on 2011-09-30. Retrieved 2008-10-04.
  2. "El aroma económicamente embrujador del café y el olvido de la buena dieta". Archived from the original on June 23, 2007. Retrieved 2007-06-23.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link), Retrieved October 4, 2008
  3. Entomological Society of America (1913). Journal of Economic Entomology. Entomological Society of America. p. 252. Retrieved 12 October 2019.
  4. "June Beetle / June Bug - Cirrus Digital Imaging". Red Planet Inc. Retrieved 2008-06-21.
  5. "Seminario Internacional: "Los caminos del progreso en el Caribe hispano contemporáneo: economía, ciencia y cultura"". Archived from the original on 2012-01-10. Retrieved 2011-08-21.
  6. Carrasquillo, R.E. (2006). Our Landless Patria: Marginal Citizenship and Race in Caguas, Puerto Rico, 1880-1910. University of Nebraska Press. p. 49. ISBN 978-0-8032-1537-5. Retrieved 12 October 2019.
  7. Written works
  8. Ortiz Cuadra, Cruz Miguel (2013). Eating Puerto Rico: A History of Food, Culture, and Identity. Latin America in Translation/en Traducción/em Tradução. University of North Carolina Press. p. 322. ISBN 978-1-4696-0882-2. Retrieved 12 October 2019.
  9. Meyer, H.H.B. (1910). Select list of references on sugar: chiefly in its economic aspects. Govt. Print. Off. p. 214. Retrieved 12 October 2019.

Further reading

Categories: