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{{Short description|Church building in Boston}}
{{coord|42.34443|-71.084872|format=dms|display=title}}
{{hatnote group|{{other uses|First Church of Christ, Scientist (disambiguation)}}{{redirect|The Mother Church||Mother church}}}}
]
{{Use American English|date = September 2019}}
{{for|other churches called First Church of Christ, Scientist|First Church of Christ, Scientist (disambiguation)}}
{{Use mdy dates|date = September 2019}}
{{Infobox church
| name = The First Church of Christ, Scientist
| image = Christian Science Church and Reflection, Boston, Massachusetts crop.JPG
| image_upright =
| alt = photograph
| caption = The original Mother Church (1894) and behind it the domed Mother Church Extension (1906); on the right, the Colonnade building (1972). The reflecting pool is in the foreground.
| map_type =
| map_size =
| map_caption =
| location = ]<br>250 Massachusetts Avenue<br>]<ref>, Boston Landmarks Commission, Environment Department, City of Boston, 25 January 2011, p.&nbsp;1.</ref>
| coordinates = {{coord|42.34443|-71.084872|display=inline,title}}
| denomination = ]
| functional status = Active
| website =
| architect = Franklin I. Welch (1894)<br/>] (1904–1906)<br/>] (1904–1906)
| architectural type = ] (Original Mother Church); ] (Mother Church Extension)<ref name="Christian Science Center"/>
| founder = ]
| groundbreaking = 1893
| completed date = 1894 (Original Mother Church)<br>1906 (Mother Church Extension)<ref name="Christian Science Center"/>
| capacity = 900 (Original Mother Church)<br>3,000 (Mother Church Extension)<ref name="Christian Science Center"/>
| length =
| width =
| width_nave =
| height_max =
| dome_quantity =
| dome height outer = {{convert|224|ft|abbr=on}}<ref name="Christian Science Center"/>
| dome_height_inner =
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| dome_dia_inner =
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}}


'''The First Church of Christ, Scientist''', in ] in the ] is ] and administrative headquarters of the ], and is located in the '''Christian Science Center''' in the ] neighborhood of Boston. Surrounding a plaza and built over many years beginning in 1894, it consists of seven structures: the Original Mother Church, Mother Church Extension, Christian Science Publishing House, Mary Baker Eddy Library, 177 Huntington Avenue (former Adminstration Building), 101 Belvidere (former Church Colonnade Building), and the Sunday School Building.<ref name="Christian Science Plaza"/> '''The First Church of Christ, Scientist''' is the administrative headquarters and ] of the ], also known as the ] church. Christian Science was founded in the 19th century in ], by ] with the publication of her book '']'' (1875).


The First Church of Christ, Scientist, is located in the 13.5-acre ] in Boston, Massachusetts. The center is owned by the church and contains the Original Mother Church (1894); Mother Church Extension (1906); ] (1934), which houses the ]; Reflection Hall (1971); Administration Building (1972); and Colonnade Building (1972). There is also a ] and fountain.<ref name="Christian Science Center"/>
The Original Mother Church edifice, designed by Franklin I. Welch, was built in 1894. A comparatively modest ] stone structure with a traditional steeple, it is often overlooked by casual visitors as it is dwarfed by the much larger domed Mother Church Extension.<ref name="Ivey 1999 pp51-52"/>


==History==
Added in 1904-1906, the Mother Church Extension was originally designed by architect ], but substantially modified by ] when he took over construction in 1905 as a result of Brigham's illness. In particular, Beman minimized the Ottoman and Byzantine elements, bringing the domed structure into line with the ] that Beman favored as most appropriate for Christian Science churches.<ref name="Ivey 1999 pp71-75"/> It boasts one of the world's largest ]s, built in 1952 by the ] of Boston. The Mary Baker Eddy Library is housed in an 11-story structure originally finished in 1934 for the ].
The Original Mother Church, designed by Franklin I. Welch, was completed in December 1894, eight years after the first Christian Science church, ], was built by local women who felt they had been helped by the religion.<ref>Nichols, Diane et al. ''West Main Street Historic District Oconto, Wisconsin'' (brochure). Oconto, WI: Oconto County Historical Society, p.&nbsp;6.</ref><ref>Hall, George E. (2009). ''A History of Oconto.'' 2nd ed., edited by Duane Ebert and Pamela Ann Loberger. Oconto, WI: Oconto County Historical Society, p. 130.</ref><ref>Chiat, Marilyn Joyce Segal (1997). ''America's Religious Architecture: Sacred Places for Every Community.'' New York: John Wiley, p. 133.</ref><ref>Cather, Willa and Milmine, Georgine (1909). ''The Life of Mary Baker G. Eddy and the History of Christian Science.'' New York: Doubleday, p.&nbsp;364.</ref>


Although fairly large for the time, the original church, a ] stone structure, is often overlooked because it is dwarfed by the much larger domed Mother Church Extension. Designed to fit on a kite-shaped lot, the former features a 126-foot (38 m) steeple and an octagonal auditorium that seats 900. It is built of granite from ], Mary Baker Eddy's home state.<ref name="Ivey 1999 pp50-52"/>
Designed in the 1960s by the firm of noted architect ], the {{convert|14|acre|m2|adj=on}} '''Christian Science Plaza''' along ] includes a large administration building, a ], a ] and ] that together make it one of Boston's most visually recognizable sites and a popular tourist attraction.<ref name="Palmer 2006"/> Another draw for tourists is the three-story tall ], a ] ] that visitors view from the inside and The Apiary installation by glass artist ].


]
In accord with the ], the title of the Mother Church is "The First Church of Christ, Scientist," and while its branch churches may call themselves, "First Church of Christ, Scientist," or "Second Church of Christ, Scientist," and so on, they are prohibited from using "The" in front of their names. Only The Mother Church can do so.<ref name="Eddy 1910 p70"/>
Added in 1904–1906, the Mother Church Extension was originally designed by ], but was substantially modified by ], who took over construction in 1905 as a result of Brigham's illness. In particular, Beman minimized the ] elements, bringing the domed structure in line with the ] that Beman favored as most appropriate for Christian Science churches.<ref name="Ivey 1999 pp71-75, 119, and 122"/> It boasts one of the world's largest ]s, built in 1952 by the ] of Boston. The sanctuary, located on the second floor, seats around 3,000.<ref name="Christian Science Center"/>{{clear left}}

==Christian Science Plaza==
{{main|Christian Science Center}}
Designed in the 1960s by the firm ] (] and ], design partners), the {{convert|13.5|acre|m2|adj=on}} Christian Science Plaza along ] includes a large administration building, a ], a ] and fountain, and Reflection Hall (the former Sunday School building). The site is one of Boston's most recognizable sites and a popular tourist attraction.<ref name="Palmer 2006"/>

The ] is housed on the site in an 11-story structure originally built for the ]. Constructed between 1932 and 1934, the neoclassical-style building with its ], a walk-through inside-out globe of the world in 1934, has become an historic landmark in Boston's Back Bay. Restoration of the library's 81,000-square foot portion of the building began in 1998, and the final renovation and additional construction were completed in 2002.

==Branch churches==
The First Church of Christ, Scientist, also known as The Mother Church, has branch churches around the world. In accordance with the '']'', the Mother Church is the only Christian Science church to use the ] ("the") in its title. Branch churches are named "First Church of Christ, Scientist", "Second Church of Christ, Scientist", and so on, followed by the name of the city, in the order in which they were built in that city (for example, ]).{{refn|group=n|], '']'': "'The First Church of Christ, Scientist,' is the legal title of The Mother Church. Branch churches of The Mother Church may take the title of First Church of Christ, Scientist; Second Church of Christ, Scientist; and so on, where more than one church is established in the same place; but the article 'The' must not be used before titles of branch churches, nor written on applications for membership in naming such churches."<ref name="Eddy 1910 p70"/>}}

Carol Norton, a student of Eddy's, and a practitioner and teacher of Christian Science, described the relationship between the First Church of Christ, Scientist and its branch churches as similar to the relationship between the federal government of the United States and the individual states. In his short booklet entitled ''The Christian Science Movement'', he states that branch churches are "congregational in government, and individual and independent in the conduct of their own affairs, yet all accept the Tenets of the Mother Church."<ref>{{cite book |last1=Norton |first1=Carol |title=The Christian Science Movement |date=1899 |publisher=CSPS |page=12 |url=https://cslectures.org/pdf/The%20Christian%20Science%20Movement.pdf |access-date=2 February 2020}}</ref>


==Gallery== ==Gallery==
<center><gallery widths="200px" heights="200px"> <gallery mode="packed" heights="170px">
Image:Christian Science Center3.jpg The Christian Science Plaza, Boston (11861328636) (3).jpg|Original Mother Church (1894)
The First Church of Christ, Scientist, Boston, 3 July 2014.jpg|Original church with the domed Mother Church Extension (1906)
Image:ChristianScienceNight.jpg
The First Church of Christ, Scientist, Boston, October 1974 (2).jpg|Mother Church Extension, original Mother Church, reflecting pool, and ''(far right)'' the Administration Building (1972)
Image:ChristianScienceVert.jpg
The First Church of Christ, Scientist, Boston, 17 April 2011 (2) crop.jpg|Mother Church Extension
</gallery></center>
</gallery>

==Notes==
{{Reflist|group=n}}


==References== ==References==
{{reflist|refs= {{Reflist|25em|refs=
<ref name="Christian Science Center">

{{cite web |url=http://christianscience.com/church-of-christ-scientist/the-mother-church-in-boston-ma-usa/explore-the-christian-science-plaza/plaza-architecture-and-grounds |title=Plaza architecture and grounds |work=christianscience.com |publisher=The First Church of Christ, Scientist |location=Boston |access-date=2014-08-28 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140902051356/http://christianscience.com/church-of-christ-scientist/the-mother-church-in-boston-ma-usa/explore-the-christian-science-plaza/plaza-architecture-and-grounds |archive-date=2014-09-02 }}
<ref name="Christian Science Plaza">
{{cite web |url=http://christianscience.com/church/the-mother-church/boston-activities/plaza/ |title=Christian Science Plaza |work=christianscience.com |publisher=The First Church of Christ, Scientist |location=Boston |accessdate=September 1, 2011 }}
</ref> </ref>

<ref name="Eddy 1910 p70"> <ref name="Eddy 1910 p70">
{{cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780879520670/mode/2up |title=The Manual of The Mother Church |first=Mary Baker |last=Eddy |year=1910 |pages=70–71 |isbn=978-0-930227-22-7}}
{{cite web |url=http://www.mbeinstitute.org/CManual/ChurchManual.pdf |title=The Manual of The Mother Church |first=Mary Baker |last=Eddy |authorlink= |year=1910 |work= |publisher= |location=Boston |page=70 (p. 25 pdf) |isbn=978-0-930227-22-7 |quote='The First Church of Christ, Scientist,' is the legal title of The Mother Church. Branch churches of The Mother Church may take the title of First Church of Christ, Scientist; Second Church of Christ, Scientist; and so on, where more than one church is established in the same place; but the article 'The' must not be used before titles of branch churches, nor written on applications for membership in naming such churches. }}
</ref> </ref>
<ref name="Ivey 1999 pp50-52">

{{cite book |last1=Ivey |first1=Paul Eli |title=Prayers in Stone: Christian Science Architecture in the United States, 1894-1930 |year=1999 |publisher=University of Illinois Press |location=Urbana, Illinois |isbn=978-0-252-02445-0 |pages=50–52 }}
<ref name="Ivey 1999 pp51-52">
{{cite book |last1=Ivey |first1=Paul Eli |authorlink1= |title=Prayers in Stone: Christian Science Architecture in the United States, 1894-1930 |year=1999 |publisher=University of Illinois Press |location=Urbana, Illinois |isbn=978-0-252-02445-0 |pages=51-52 }}
</ref> </ref>
<ref name="Ivey 1999 pp71-75, 119, and 122">

Ivey 1999, pp. 71–75, 119, and 122
<ref name="Ivey 1999 pp71-75">
{{cite book |last1=Ivey |first1=Paul Eli |authorlink1= |title=Prayers in Stone: Christian Science Architecture in the United States, 1894-1930 |year=1999 |publisher=University of Illinois Press |location=Urbana, Illinois |isbn=978-0-252-02445-0 |pages=51-52 }}
</ref> </ref>

<ref name="Palmer 2006"> <ref name="Palmer 2006">
{{cite web |url=http://www.boston.com/business/articles/2006/10/17/church_looking_to_redevelop/?p1=MEWell_Pos2 |title=Church looking to redevelop |first=Thomas C. Jr. |last=Palmer |authorlink= |date=October 17, 2006 |work=The Boston Globe |publisher= |location=Boston }} {{cite web |url=http://www.boston.com/business/articles/2006/10/17/church_looking_to_redevelop/?p1=MEWell_Pos2 |title=Church looking to redevelop |first=Thomas C. Jr. |last=Palmer |date=October 17, 2006 |work=The Boston Globe}}
</ref> </ref>

}} }}

<!--spacing-->

{{refimprove|date=April 2009}}


==External links== ==External links==
{{commons|Category:The First Church of Christ, Scientist|The First Church of Christ, Scientist}} {{Commons category|The First Church of Christ, Scientist}}
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{{Christian Science}} {{Christian Science|state=collapsed}}
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{{DEFAULTSORT:First Church of Christ, Scientist, The (Boston, Massachusetts)}} {{DEFAULTSORT:First Church of Christ, Scientist, The (Boston, Massachusetts)}}
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Latest revision as of 19:37, 21 November 2023

Church building in Boston For other uses, see First Church of Christ, Scientist (disambiguation). "The Mother Church" redirects here. For other uses, see Mother church.

Church in Boston, Massachusetts
The First Church of Christ, Scientist
photographThe original Mother Church (1894) and behind it the domed Mother Church Extension (1906); on the right, the Colonnade building (1972). The reflecting pool is in the foreground.
42°20′40″N 71°05′06″W / 42.34443°N 71.084872°W / 42.34443; -71.084872
LocationChristian Science Center
250 Massachusetts Avenue
Boston, Massachusetts
DenominationChristian Science
WebsiteThe First Church of Christ, Scientist
History
Founder(s)Mary Baker Eddy
Architecture
Functional statusActive
Architect(s)Franklin I. Welch (1894)
Charles Brigham (1904–1906)
S.S. Beman (1904–1906)
Architectural typeRomanesque (Original Mother Church); Italian Renaissance (Mother Church Extension)
Groundbreaking1893
Completed1894 (Original Mother Church)
1906 (Mother Church Extension)
Specifications
Capacity900 (Original Mother Church)
3,000 (Mother Church Extension)
Dome height (outer)224 ft (68 m)

The First Church of Christ, Scientist is the administrative headquarters and mother church of the Church of Christ, Scientist, also known as the Christian Science church. Christian Science was founded in the 19th century in Lynn, Massachusetts, by Mary Baker Eddy with the publication of her book Science and Health (1875).

The First Church of Christ, Scientist, is located in the 13.5-acre Christian Science Plaza in Boston, Massachusetts. The center is owned by the church and contains the Original Mother Church (1894); Mother Church Extension (1906); Christian Science Publishing House (1934), which houses the Mary Baker Eddy Library; Reflection Hall (1971); Administration Building (1972); and Colonnade Building (1972). There is also a reflecting pool and fountain.

History

The Original Mother Church, designed by Franklin I. Welch, was completed in December 1894, eight years after the first Christian Science church, First Church of Christ, Scientist (Oconto, Wisconsin), was built by local women who felt they had been helped by the religion.

Although fairly large for the time, the original church, a Romanesque Revival stone structure, is often overlooked because it is dwarfed by the much larger domed Mother Church Extension. Designed to fit on a kite-shaped lot, the former features a 126-foot (38 m) steeple and an octagonal auditorium that seats 900. It is built of granite from New Hampshire, Mary Baker Eddy's home state.

The First Church of Christ, Scientist, September 6, 1937. Leon Abdalian Collection, Boston Public Library

Added in 1904–1906, the Mother Church Extension was originally designed by Charles Brigham, but was substantially modified by S. S. Beman, who took over construction in 1905 as a result of Brigham's illness. In particular, Beman minimized the Byzantine elements, bringing the domed structure in line with the Neoclassical style that Beman favored as most appropriate for Christian Science churches. It boasts one of the world's largest pipe organs, built in 1952 by the Aeolian-Skinner Company of Boston. The sanctuary, located on the second floor, seats around 3,000.

Christian Science Plaza

Main article: Christian Science Center

Designed in the 1960s by the firm I.M. Pei & Partners (Araldo Cossutta and I. M. Pei, design partners), the 13.5-acre (55,000 m) Christian Science Plaza along Huntington Avenue includes a large administration building, a colonnade, a reflecting pool and fountain, and Reflection Hall (the former Sunday School building). The site is one of Boston's most recognizable sites and a popular tourist attraction.

The Mary Baker Eddy Library is housed on the site in an 11-story structure originally built for the Christian Science Publishing Society. Constructed between 1932 and 1934, the neoclassical-style building with its Mapparium, a walk-through inside-out globe of the world in 1934, has become an historic landmark in Boston's Back Bay. Restoration of the library's 81,000-square foot portion of the building began in 1998, and the final renovation and additional construction were completed in 2002.

Branch churches

The First Church of Christ, Scientist, also known as The Mother Church, has branch churches around the world. In accordance with the Manual of The Mother Church, the Mother Church is the only Christian Science church to use the definite article ("the") in its title. Branch churches are named "First Church of Christ, Scientist", "Second Church of Christ, Scientist", and so on, followed by the name of the city, in the order in which they were built in that city (for example, Seventeenth Church of Christ, Scientist, Chicago).

Carol Norton, a student of Eddy's, and a practitioner and teacher of Christian Science, described the relationship between the First Church of Christ, Scientist and its branch churches as similar to the relationship between the federal government of the United States and the individual states. In his short booklet entitled The Christian Science Movement, he states that branch churches are "congregational in government, and individual and independent in the conduct of their own affairs, yet all accept the Tenets of the Mother Church."

Gallery

  • Original Mother Church (1894) Original Mother Church (1894)
  • Original church with the domed Mother Church Extension (1906) Original church with the domed Mother Church Extension (1906)
  • Mother Church Extension, original Mother Church, reflecting pool, and (far right) the Administration Building (1972) Mother Church Extension, original Mother Church, reflecting pool, and (far right) the Administration Building (1972)
  • Mother Church Extension Mother Church Extension

Notes

  1. Mary Baker Eddy, Manual of the Mother Church: "'The First Church of Christ, Scientist,' is the legal title of The Mother Church. Branch churches of The Mother Church may take the title of First Church of Christ, Scientist; Second Church of Christ, Scientist; and so on, where more than one church is established in the same place; but the article 'The' must not be used before titles of branch churches, nor written on applications for membership in naming such churches."

References

  1. "Christian Science Center Complex", Boston Landmarks Commission, Environment Department, City of Boston, 25 January 2011, p. 1.
  2. ^ "Plaza architecture and grounds". christianscience.com. Boston: The First Church of Christ, Scientist. Archived from the original on September 2, 2014. Retrieved August 28, 2014.
  3. Nichols, Diane et al. West Main Street Historic District Oconto, Wisconsin (brochure). Oconto, WI: Oconto County Historical Society, p. 6.
  4. Hall, George E. (2009). A History of Oconto. 2nd ed., edited by Duane Ebert and Pamela Ann Loberger. Oconto, WI: Oconto County Historical Society, p. 130.
  5. Chiat, Marilyn Joyce Segal (1997). America's Religious Architecture: Sacred Places for Every Community. New York: John Wiley, p. 133.
  6. Cather, Willa and Milmine, Georgine (1909). The Life of Mary Baker G. Eddy and the History of Christian Science. New York: Doubleday, p. 364.
  7. Ivey, Paul Eli (1999). Prayers in Stone: Christian Science Architecture in the United States, 1894-1930. Urbana, Illinois: University of Illinois Press. pp. 50–52. ISBN 978-0-252-02445-0.
  8. Ivey 1999, pp. 71–75, 119, and 122
  9. Palmer, Thomas C. Jr. (October 17, 2006). "Church looking to redevelop". The Boston Globe.
  10. Eddy, Mary Baker (1910). The Manual of The Mother Church. pp. 70–71. ISBN 978-0-930227-22-7.
  11. Norton, Carol (1899). The Christian Science Movement (PDF). CSPS. p. 12. Retrieved February 2, 2020.

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