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{{Short description|Lebanese-American academic (born 1957)}}
'''Walid Phares''' ({{lang-ar|وليد فارس}}, {{IPA-ar|waˈliːd ˈfaːres|IPA}}), an American scholar born in ], is a professor and commentator on global ] and ]ern affairs.
{{Infobox person
| name = Walid Phares
| image = Walid Phares in 2021.png
| caption = Phares in 2021
| native_name = {{nobold|{{lang|ar|{{Script/Arabic|وليد فارس}}|rtl=yes}}}}
| native_name_lang = ar
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1957|12|24}}
| birth_place = ], Lebanon
| party = ] ({{circa|1984}}–1990)<br />] ({{circa|2012}}–present)
| movement =
| notable_works = '']'' (1995)<br />'']'' (2005)
| citizenship = {{hlist|Lebanon|United States}}
| alma_mater = ] (])<br />] (])<br />] (])<br />] (])
| occupation = {{hlist|Politician|scholar|}}
| website =
}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=February 2024}}
{{Use American English|date=February 2024}}


'''Walid Phares''' ({{langx|ar|وليد فارس}}; born December 24, 1957) is a Lebanese-American political advisor, scholar and conservative pundit.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Rozen|first1=Laura|title=Mitt Romney announces his foreign policy team|url=https://www.yahoo.com/news/blogs/envoy/mitt-romney-announces-foreign-policy-team-171303969.html|access-date=March 27, 2017|work=Yahoo News|agency=The Envoy|date=October 6, 2011}}</ref><ref name="washingtonpost_2016_March_22">{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/worldviews/wp/2016/03/22/the-dark-controversial-past-of-trumps-counterterrorism-adviser/ |newspaper=The Washington Post |first= Ishaan |last=Tharoor |date=March 22, 2016 |access-date=June 7, 2016 |title=The dark, controversial past of Trump's counterterrorism adviser}}</ref>
Phares has testified before committees of the U.S. ], ], ] and ] Departments, the ], the ], the ]. He was Terrorism expert at ] from 2003 to 2006 and has been Middle East and Terrorism expert and analyst at ] since 2007.


He worked as an advisor for the Republican presidential campaigns of ] in 2011–12 and ] in 2016. He has also served as a commentator on terrorism and the Middle East for ] since 2007,<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.mediamatters.org/fox-news/trump-campaign-paying-fox-news-analyst-13000-month|title=The Trump Campaign Is Paying A Fox News Analyst $13,000 A Month|date=July 26, 2016|work=Media Matters}}</ref> and for ] from 2003 to 2006.<ref name="ss">{{cite web|url=https://www.simonandschuster.com/authors/Walid-Phares/68356551|title=Walid Phares|work=Simon & Schuster|accessdate=June 28, 2023}}</ref> Since 2022, he has been a foreign policy analyst for ].<ref></ref>
Phares is also a prominent adherent and promoter of the ] ], in which he believes ]s seek to subvert and overthrow the ] and ] with ] law. <ref></ref>


A ], Phares has gained attention for having been a chairman of the ] in the 1980s during the ], and for his expertise in ] with a focus on ].<ref name="washingtonpost_2016_March_22" /><ref name="Guardian2016">{{cite news|last1=Sidahmed|first1=Mazin|title=The Muslim cleric who stumps for Trump draws ire and confusion|url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2016/oct/05/muslim-cleric-donald-trump-rally-michigan-mohamed-el-hajj-hassan|access-date=March 28, 2017|work=The Guardian|date=October 21, 2016}}</ref><ref name="Politico2011">{{cite news|last1=Smith|first1=Ben|title=Romney and Phares|url=http://www.politico.com/blogs/ben-smith/2011/10/romney-and-phares-039913|access-date=March 28, 2017|work=Politico|date=October 12, 2011}}</ref><ref name="CW2007">{{cite news|last1= Schanzer|first1= Jonathan|title=War of Ideas: Jihadism Against Democracy |url=https://www.meforum.org/campus-watch/11821/war-of-ideas-jihadism-against-democracy-on-walid|work=Campus Watch|date=September 7, 2007|language=en}}</ref>
==Biography==
Walid Phares was born in ], where he studied at the Lebanese and St. Joseph Universities. After earning degrees in law, political science and sociology, he practiced law in Beirut. He then earned a Masters degree in International Law from the ] in France and a Ph.D. in ] and strategic studies from the ]. He emigrated to the ] in 1990.


==Early life and education==
As of 2008, Phares teaches Global Strategies at the ] in ] He is a Senior Fellow and the Director of the Future Terrorism Project at the ] in Washington, D.C., and a Visiting Fellow at the European Foundation for Democracy in Brussels. In 2008 he also became the Coordinator of the Trans-Atlantic Parliamentary Group on Counter Jihadi-Terrorism.<ref></ref>
Phares was born to a family of ] in 1957 in ], and was raised in the capital city of ] and in his native village of ] in the ]. A dual Lebanese and American citizen, he immigrated to the ] in 1990, when the ] was coming to a close.<ref name="washingtonpost_2016_March_22"/>


He holds ] from ] and the ] in law, political science, and sociology. Following his undergraduate studies, Phares practiced law in Beirut for a short period before earning a master's degree in international law from the ] in ]<ref>{{citation |series=] Document Repository |url=http://docs.house.gov/meetings/FA/FA18/20150429/103392/HHRG-114-FA18-Bio-PharesW-20150429.pdf |title=Biography Walid Phares |date=April 29, 2015 |access-date=June 7, 2016}}</ref> and a PhD in international relations and strategic studies from the ].<ref>{{cite news|last1=AbuKhalil|first1=As'ad|title=Romney's scary Middle East advisor|url=http://www.salon.com/2011/10/07/romneys_scary_middle_east_advisor/|access-date=24 January 2017|work=Salon|date=October 7, 2011}}</ref>
Phares is an expert on ] history and affairs, and has served as the Secretary General of the ''World Maronite Union''<ref></ref> and also the Secretary General of the ''World Lebanese Cultural Union''.<ref></ref>
<ref>] Special Report With Brit Hume, March 10 2005]</ref>


== Career ==
In March 2011, Phares was originally scheduled to testify before the U.S. House Homeland Security Committee’s controversial hearing on the alleged radicalization of the Muslim American community. However, he was dropped from the hearing after his ties to the Lebanese Forces network were publicly revealed. <ref> </ref>
=== Lebanese politics in the 1980s ===
Phares has drawn controversy over his association with the ] in the 1980s during the ].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2016/03/21/bashing-both-iran-and-obama-trump-scores-points-at-aipac/|title=Bashing Both Iran and Obama, Trump Scores Points at AIPAC|website=Foreign Policy|date=21 March 2016 |access-date=2017-03-24}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2011/03/09/peter-kings-witch-hunt/|title=Peter King's Witch Hunt|website=Foreign Policy|date=9 March 2011 |access-date=2017-03-24}}</ref><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":0">{{Cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/worldviews/wp/2016/03/22/the-dark-controversial-past-of-trumps-counterterrorism-adviser/|title=The dark, controversial past of Trump's counterterrorism adviser|newspaper=The Washington Post|access-date=2017-03-24}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/checkpoint/wp/2016/03/21/meet-the-men-shaping-donald-trumps-foreign-policy-views/|title=One of Trump's foreign policy advisers is a 2009 college grad who lists Model UN as a credential|newspaper=The Washington Post|access-date=2017-03-24}}</ref> In 1984, Phares adhered to a small Lebanese political party of the center-left, the "Social Democratic Christian Union" – Union Sociale Démocratique Chrétienne (USDC).<ref> {{in lang|ar}}</ref> Phares has also served as secretary general of the World Maronite Union,<ref>{{citation |series=The World Maronite Union |date=July 17, 2004 |access-date=June 7, 2016 |title=A letter to the Maronite Council of Bishops: On the Identity of the Maronites |first=Walid |last=Phares |url=http://www.aramaic-dem.org/Walid_Phares/E/16.htm |location=Washington DC |archive-date=August 8, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160808163347/http://www.aramaic-dem.org/Walid_Phares/E/16.htm |url-status=dead }} Walid Phares, Secretary General World Maronite Union</ref> and secretary general of the ].<ref></ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,150002,00.html |publisher= ] |title=Special Report With Brit Hume |date=March 10, 2005}}</ref> According to '']'', Phares "was a political adviser to Lebanese militants during their war against Muslim factions during the 1980s."<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/gop-foreign-policy-elite-doesnt-know-whether-theyll-serve-if-trump-is-president/2016/04/15/5cd1e87c-0016-11e6-b823-707c79ce3504_story.html|title=GOP foreign policy elites don't know whether they'll serve if Trump is president|newspaper=The Washington Post|access-date=2017-03-24}}</ref> Phares has said that he was only involved with the militants in a political capacity and that he has not been directly implicated in any acts of violence.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":0" />


Abed Ayoub, the national legal and policy director for the ], criticizes Phares saying: "If you look at his history, he was a warmonger and he shouldn't be near the White House. He was part of a militia that committed war crimes and, if anything, he should be tried for war crimes."<ref name="jp" /> Sarah Stern, president of the ], defended his actions: "He represented his left-of-center party within a coalition of parties that oversaw the local government of the ] when it was surrounded by the ] and the terrorist groups between 1986 and 1988. Phares is being attacked because he is on the right side of the issues and is fearless in speaking out the truth... is in a caliber of his own. He understood the rise of ] in the ]. He understood very early on what ] is, that it's a real threat. He understands that ] is more than a religion, that it's also an ideology and an ideology of conquest."<ref name="jp" />
==Controversy==


=== Academia in the United States ===
'''Role in Lebanese War Crimes'''
Phares taught at the Department of International Relations at ] (FIU) in 1992 and was a visiting professor of comparative politics at ] (FAU) in Palm Beach County from 1993 to 1994. He was hired as a full-time professor of Middle East studies and international relations in the Department of Political Science at FAU in 1995.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Ibrahim|first1=Arwa|title=Trump in the White House: The man advising him on the Middle East|url=http://www.middleeasteye.net/news/profile-who-donald-trumps-foreign-policy-advisor-walid-phares-1549990186|access-date=24 January 2017|publisher=Middle East Eye|date=November 15, 2016}}</ref> While at FAU, Phares sponsored the student organization Haiti Watch.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Saville|first1=Kirk|title=Students At Fau Keep Watchful Eye On Haiti|url=http://articles.sun-sentinel.com/1994-10-27/news/9410260679_1_haiti-policy-haitian-leaders-haitian-americans|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202015449/http://articles.sun-sentinel.com/1994-10-27/news/9410260679_1_haiti-policy-haitian-leaders-haitian-americans|url-status=dead|archive-date=February 2, 2017|access-date=24 January 2017|publisher=Sun Sentinel|date=October 27, 1994}}</ref> In 2008 he became Coordinator of the Trans-Atlantic Parliamentary Group on Counter Jihadi-Terrorism.<ref>{{Cite web | url=http://transatlanticgroup.wordpress.com/2009/07/27/trans-atlantic-parliamentary-group-on-counter-jihadi-terrorism/ |title = Trans Atlantic Parliamentary Group on Counter Jihadi Terrorism|date = 2009-07-27}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://transatlanticgroup.org/wbio.html |publisher=Trans-Atlantic Parliamentary Group on Counter Jihadi-Terrorism |title=Biography of Walid Phares |access-date=2011-11-01 |archive-date=2017-12-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171216091309/http://transatlanticgroup.org/wbio.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Since 2008, he has lectured at the ] in Washington DC, at the Center for Counterintelligence and Security Studies (CI Center) in Virginia, and at the Daniel Morgan Academy, a Graduate School of National Security in Washington DC. He teaches at BAU International University in Washington, D.C.<ref></ref> also serving as a university provost and as Director of Graduate Studies at the university.<ref></ref>


Phares's resume says that he "taught Global Strategies at the ] in Washington DC since 2006". A spokesperson for the National Defense University noted that Phares was employed as an "expert/consultant" from April 2011 to April 2012.<ref name=":1">{{Cite news|url=http://www.politico.com/story/2016/03/donald-trump-foreign-policy-advisers-221058|title=Trump's foreign policy team baffles GOP experts|work=POLITICO|access-date=2017-03-24}}</ref>
Opponents to Mr. Phares cite that he is an associate to war crimes, due to the fact that he is a “former official with the Lebanese Forces, a Christian militia.”<ref> </ref> This militia was implicated, by Israel's official Kahan inquiry and other sources, in the 1982 massacre of civilian men, women and children at the Sabra and Shatila refugee camps in Lebanon. Regarding the massacre, the French news agency Agence France Presse (AFP) reported that, “Lebanese militias, notably the Lebanese Forces, went on a killing spree.”<ref></ref>


Phares has testified before committees of the U.S. ], ], ] and ] and the ]. He briefed and testified to international bodies like the ] and the ] on matters related to international security and Middle East conflict. He serves as an adviser to the Anti-Terrorism Caucus in the U.S. House of Representatives since 2007 and is a co-secretary general of the Transatlantic Legislative Group on Counter Terrorism, a Euro-American Caucus, since 2009. He has served on the Advisory Board of the Task Force on Future Terrorism of the Department of Homeland Security in 2006-2007 as well as on the Advisory Task force on Nuclear Terrorism in 2007. He lectures at defense and national security institutions and serves as a consultant on international affairs in the private sector.<ref name="foxnewsbio"></ref>
In 1999, Phares’ World Lebanese Organization included among its “leading members” both “Col. Sharbel Baraket, former deputy commander of the , and Etienne Sakr, head of the radical Guardians of the Cedars group.”<ref></ref>


=== Advisor to Mitt Romney, 2011–12 ===
Until its closure in 1999, the South Lebanese Army (SLA) controlled the notorious Khiam Prison. Human Rights Watch has stated, “It is indisputable that systematic torture occurred in Khiam.”<ref></ref> The SLA also perpetrated atrocities such as the 1984 massacre in which its members “fired guns and hurled hand grenades at men rounded up for questioning.” <ref></ref>
Phares was appointed as foreign policy adviser to ] for his ] in 2011.<ref name="dailybeast">{{cite web|title=Mitt's Muslim Problem|url=https://news.yahoo.com/mitt-muslim-problem-131400018.html|date=10 December 2011|website=]|last1=Coppins|first1=McKay}}</ref> His appointment was met with criticism from the ] (CAIR), which described him as "an associate to war crimes" (due to his ties to the Lebanese Forces) and a "conspiracy theorist".<ref name="dailybeast" /> The appointment also provoked negative reactions from Islamic studies academics ] and ],<ref name="dailybeast" /> however both scholars were described as militant Islamists by several pieces, including "Walid Phares vs the Middle East Studies" as well as the ]'s ], who said that Phares was "widely viewed as an extremist".<ref name="tnr" />


=== Advisor to Donald Trump, 2016 ===
Similarly, Sakr’s group earned “a reputation for atrocities”<ref>{Marlow, Lara. “Deal is short of full Syrian Troop Withdrawal,” The Irish Times, March 8, 2005</ref> during the Lebanese civil war. Responding to questions about his group’s role in the Sabra and Shatila massacres, Sakr said, “We have the full right to deal with our enemies in Lebanon in the manner we find suitable. <ref></ref>
Phares worked as an advisor to presidential candidate ] in 2016;<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/josh-rogin/wp/2016/09/08/inside-the-collapse-of-trumps-d-c-policy-shop/|title=Inside the collapse of Trump's D.C. policy shop|last1=Rogin|first1=Josh|date=2016-09-08|newspaper=The Washington Post|access-date=2017-03-24|last2=Rogin|first2=Josh|language=en-US|issn=0190-8286}}</ref> he was paid $13,000 per month by the campaign.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.mediamatters.org/blog/2016/07/26/trump-campaign-paying-fox-news-analyst-13000-month/211904|title=The Trump Campaign Is Paying A Fox News Analyst $13,000 A Month|last=Hananoki|first=Eric|date=2016-07-26|work=Media Matters for America|access-date=2017-11-17|language=en|df=mdy-all}}</ref> Trump's choice of Phares renewed scrutiny and speculations about Phares' past alleged role as an ideologue to Lebanese Christian fighters during the Lebanese Civil War and his perceived far-right views as an academic and analyst of the Middle East region.<ref name="jp">{{cite news|url=http://www.jpost.com/Us-Elections/Who-is-Walid-Phares-Trumps-Mideast-adviser-472741|title=Who is Walid Phares, Trump's Mideast adviser?|last=Lynfield|first=Ben|date=November 16, 2016|work=Jerusalem Post|access-date=November 28, 2016}}</ref> His supporters argued that Phares had presciently discerned the threat of ] ideology and that he was eminently qualified for a senior post, and pointed to his strong pro-Israel track record.<ref name="jp" />


Phares did not have a government post in the Trump administration.<ref name=":2">{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/02/01/us/politics/donald-trump-islam.html|title=Trump Pushes Dark View of Islam to Center of U.S. Policy-Making|last1=Rosenberg|first1=Scott Shane, Matthew|date=2017-02-01|work=The New York Times|access-date=2017-03-24|last2=Lipton|first2=Eric|issn=0362-4331}}</ref>
When Phares was interviewed about the past atrocities attributed to Sakr, Phares replied, "Everybody did silly stuff, on both hands...but amazingly enough, the Guardians of the Cedars have been the most moral fighters."<ref></ref>


== Views ==
'''Islamaphobia'''
=== On the Arab–Israeli conflict ===
Phares has said that "]'s] only rational and historical choice is to link up once more with the Christian community of ]. This may represent a choice which may not be appreciated among many Israelis, for various reasons, but it remains one which cannot be avoided... The Christians of Lebanon are the only potential ally against the advance of the northern ] against Israel."<ref name="jp" />


=== On Islam and Muslims ===
According to Thomas Cincotta, author of Manufacturing the Muslim Menace, Walid Phares, argues that “jihadists within the West pose as civil rights advocates”and patiently recruit until “lmost all mosques, educational centers, and socioeconomic institutions fall into their hands. These “jihadists” put off militant action, Phares claims ominiously, “until the ‘holy moment’ comes.” <ref></ref>
According to ''The New York Times'', Phares "regularly warns that ] aim to take over American institutions and impose ], a legal code based mainly on the ] that can involve punishments like cutting off the hands of a thief."<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/02/24/us/gain-peace-in-chicago-aims-to-counter-anti-muslim-sentiment.html|title=Gain Peace in Chicago Aims to Counter Anti-Muslim Sentiment|last=Lepeska|first=David|date=2012-02-23|work=The New York Times|access-date=2017-03-24|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> He has been described as an early advocate of ]'s ] concept.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.newenglishreview.org/articles/dhimmitude-unveiled/|title=Dhimmitude Unveiled|date=August 2013|work=New English Review}}</ref> Phares has also asserted that jihadists are posing as civil rights advocates.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/bannon-film-outline-warned-us-could-turn-into-islamic-states-of-america/2017/02/03/f73832f4-e8be-11e6-b82f-687d6e6a3e7c_story.html|title=Bannon film outline warned U.S. could turn into 'Islamic States of America'|newspaper=The Washington Post|access-date=2017-03-24}}</ref>


Phares has been described as being part of "the ] industry, a network of researchers who have warned for many years of the dangers of Islam and were thrilled by Mr. Trump’s election."<ref name=":2" /> He has served on the board of advisors of anti-Muslim groups ] and the ].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://bridge.georgetown.edu/research/factsheet-walid-phares-2/|title=Factsheet: Walid Phares|date=December 5, 2018|work=Bridge Initiative}}</ref> According to Lawrence Pintak of the ] and a member of the advisory board for The Media Majlis at ],<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.qatar.northwestern.edu/news/articles/2018/02-lawrence-pintak.html |title=Author: American Muslims are struggling under Trump - Northwestern University in Qatar |website=www.qatar.northwestern.edu |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181231092457/https://www.qatar.northwestern.edu/news/articles/2018/02-lawrence-pintak.html |archive-date=2018-12-31}}</ref> Phares is a "card-carrying Islamophobe".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2016/12/08/an-idiots-guide-to-islam-in-america-donald-trump/|title=An Idiot's Guide to Islam in America|website=Foreign Policy|date=8 December 2016 |access-date=2017-03-24}}</ref> Although Phares is often described as a scholar on terrorism, ] terrorism expert ] stated that Phares was "not in the mainstream as an academic".<ref name="tnr">{{cite magazine |url=https://newrepublic.com/article/politics/96519/romney-walid-phares-sharia-caucus-iowa-pawlenty |title=Meet Mitt Romney's Radical, Right-wing, Sharia-phobe Foreign Policy Advisor |last1=Vary |first1=Jarad |date=24 October 2011 |magazine=]|access-date=21 October 2014}}</ref> Duke sociologist Christopher A. Bail describes Phares as an influential figure in the anti-Islam movement.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Christopher Bail|title=Terrified: How Anti-Muslim Fringe Organizations Became Mainstream|publisher=]|url=http://press.princeton.edu/titles/10395.html|year=2015|pages=67–68, 78–79|isbn=9780691173634}}</ref> He has also been described as a part of the ] movement.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://expo.se/wp-content/uploads/expo_migration/counterjihadrorelsen_en_del_av_den_antimuslimska_rorelsen_2012.pdf|title=Counterjihadrörelsen– en del av den antimuslimska miljön|first=Martha|last=Hannus|pages=24|year=2012|publisher=Expo Research|language=sv}}</ref>
According to the report, Mr. Phares adheres to and promotes the ] of a "sinister plan involves a steady decades-long infiltration of key institutions in the United States, including academia, the defense sector, and community organizations, in preparation for a future overthrow to impose Sharia law," and while he is often very cautious in his characterization of Muslims, on the whole, his narrative distorts the nature of Islam, misstates the role of the overwhelming majority of Muslim Americans, and reinforces cultural stereotyping of Arabs and Islam.<ref></ref>


According to ''The New York Times'', Phares "is regularly accused by Muslim civil rights groups of being Islamophobic and of fear-mongering about the spread of&nbsp;Sharia law."<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/03/23/us/politics/donald-trump-foreign-policy-advisers.html|title=Top Experts Confounded by Advisers to Donald Trump|last=Rappeport|first=Alan|date=2016-03-22|work=The New York Times|access-date=2017-03-24|issn=0362-4331}}</ref>


=== Conspiracy theory on Obama–Muslim Brotherhood ties ===
==Academic work==
Phares has asserted that the ] supported the ].<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Rogin |first1=Josh |date=2016-08-01 |title=Pro-Trump Muslim groups bash Khan family |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/josh-rogin/wp/2016/08/01/pro-trump-muslim-groups-bash-kahn-family/ |access-date=2017-03-24 |newspaper=The Washington Post |language=en-US |issn=0190-8286}}</ref><ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite news |last1=Bobic |first1=Igor |last2=Ahmed |first2=Akbar Shahid |date=2016-03-21 |title=Donald Trump Reveals His Team Of Foreign Policy Advisers |url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/donald-trump-foreign-policy_us_56f02fd3e4b09bf44a9df5c8 |access-date=2017-03-24 |work=The Huffington Post |language=en-US}}</ref> In October 2016, he asserted that "the triangle Clintonmachine-Iranregime-MuslimBrotherhood has unleashed a coordinated propaganda offensive" against Donald Trump.<ref>{{Cite magazine |date=2016-10-18 |title=Donald Trump's team is now floating an evil Clinton-Muslim Brotherhood-Iran nexus. |url=https://newrepublic.com/minutes/137868/donald-trumps-team-now-floating-evil-clinton-muslim-brotherhood-iran-nexus |access-date=2017-03-24 |magazine=New Republic}}</ref>
Phares taught at the Department of Political Science at ] between 1993 and 2005. He has been a senior lecturer at the Lifelong Learning Society since 1994. His courses include Middle East Politics, Political History, Ethnic and Religious Conflict and International Terrorism. He has given lectures throughout North America and Europe.


=== Reaction to the 2017 Westminster terrorist attack ===
==Writing==
In March 2017 Phares attracted attention in the UK when he implied in a tweet that London had "shut down" in the wake of the ], despite most roads and ] stations (with the exception of the adjacent ]) remaining open as normal, and the fact that only the immediate crime scene was cordoned off: many Londoners replied to Phares to refute his claim.<ref>{{Cite news |title=People mock Fox News claim that terror attack 'shut down city' |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/newsbeat/article/39365449/people-mock-fox-news-claim-that-terror-attack-shut-down-city |access-date=2017-03-24 |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Horton |first=Helena |date=23 March 2017 |title=Londoners fire back at Fox News pundit who claims the capital is 'shut down' |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2017/03/23/londoners-fire-back-fox-news-pundit-claims-capital-shut/ |access-date=23 March 2017 |website=]}}</ref>
===Books===

==Published works==
référence : Jean-Marc Aractingi, La politique à mes trousses, Paris, Éditions l'Harmattan, 2006 ({{ISBN|978-2-296-00469-6}})
{| class="wikitable" {| class="wikitable"
|- |-
Line 49: Line 78:
| 1979 | 1979
| ''Pluralism in Lebanon'' | ''Pluralism in Lebanon''
| ] | ]
|- |-
| 1980 | 1980
|''The Lebanese Thought and the Thesis of Arabization'' |''The Lebanese Thought and the Thesis of Arabization''
| ] | Dar el-Sharq Press
|- |-
| 1981 | 1981
|''Democratic Dialogue'' |''Democratic Dialogue''
| ] | Manshurat el-Tagammoh
|- |-
| 1985 | 1985
|''Thirteen Centuries of Struggle'' |''Thirteen Centuries of Struggle''
| ] (]) | Mashreq Editions (])
|- |-
| 1986 | 1986
|''The Iranian Islamic Revolution'' |''The Iranian Islamic Revolution''
| ] | Dar el-Sharq Press
|- |-
| 1995 | 1995
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|1998, 2001 |1998, 2001
| ''History of the Middle East: Trends and Benchmarks'' | ''History of the Middle East: Trends and Benchmarks''
| ] | IRP University of Miami Press
|- |-
| 2005 | 2005
|'']'' |'']''
| ] | ]
|- |-
| 2007 | 2007
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|] |]
|- |-
| 2014

|''The Lost Spring. U.S. Policy in the Middle East and Catastrophes to Avoid''
|}
|]

|-
===Journals===
|}
Phares' articles have appeared in '']''<ref></ref>,'' ]'', '']'', '']'', '']'', '']'' and other journals.

His columns have appeared in many publications including '']'' <ref></ref>,'' ]'', '']'', '']'', '']'', '']'', '']'', '']'', '']'', '']'', the '']'', ''],'' the '']'', '']'', '']'', '']'' (Spain), '']'' (Montreal), '']'' (Kuwait), and '']'' (Lebanon), ''


==References== ==References==
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==External links== ==External links==
* * {{Official website|http://www.walidphares.com/}}
* {{C-SPAN|29859}}
*
*
*


{{Fox News Personalities}} {{Fox News Personalities}}
{{Authority control}}


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{{DEFAULTSORT:Phares, Walid}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Phares, Walid}}
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Latest revision as of 19:02, 29 November 2024

Lebanese-American academic (born 1957)
Walid Phares
وليد فارس‎
Phares in 2021
Born (1957-12-24) December 24, 1957 (age 67)
Batroun, Lebanon
Citizenship
  • Lebanon
  • United States
Alma materLebanese University (LLB)
Saint Joseph University (BA)
University of Lyon (LLM)
University of Miami (PhD)
Occupations
  • Politician
  • scholar
Notable workLebanese Christian Nationalism: The Rise and Fall of an Ethnic Resistance (1995)
Future Jihad: Terrorist Strategies Against America (2005)
Political partyKataeb Party (c. 1984–1990)
Republican Party (c. 2012–present)

Walid Phares (Arabic: وليد فارس; born December 24, 1957) is a Lebanese-American political advisor, scholar and conservative pundit.

He worked as an advisor for the Republican presidential campaigns of Mitt Romney in 2011–12 and Donald Trump in 2016. He has also served as a commentator on terrorism and the Middle East for Fox News since 2007, and for NBC from 2003 to 2006. Since 2022, he has been a foreign policy analyst for Newsmax.

A Maronite Christian, Phares has gained attention for having been a chairman of the Social Democratic Party in Lebanon in the 1980s during the Lebanese Civil War, and for his expertise in counterterrorism with a focus on jihadism.

Early life and education

Phares was born to a family of Maronite Christians in 1957 in Lebanon, and was raised in the capital city of Beirut and in his native village of Ghouma in the Batroun District. A dual Lebanese and American citizen, he immigrated to the United States in 1990, when the Lebanese Civil War was coming to a close.

He holds joint undergraduate degrees from Saint Joseph University and the Lebanese University in law, political science, and sociology. Following his undergraduate studies, Phares practiced law in Beirut for a short period before earning a master's degree in international law from the Jean Moulin University Lyon 3 in France and a PhD in international relations and strategic studies from the University of Miami.

Career

Lebanese politics in the 1980s

Phares has drawn controversy over his association with the Social Democratic Party in the 1980s during the Lebanese Civil War. In 1984, Phares adhered to a small Lebanese political party of the center-left, the "Social Democratic Christian Union" – Union Sociale Démocratique Chrétienne (USDC). Phares has also served as secretary general of the World Maronite Union, and secretary general of the World Lebanese Cultural Union. According to The Washington Post, Phares "was a political adviser to Lebanese militants during their war against Muslim factions during the 1980s." Phares has said that he was only involved with the militants in a political capacity and that he has not been directly implicated in any acts of violence.

Abed Ayoub, the national legal and policy director for the American-Arab Anti-Discrimination Committee, criticizes Phares saying: "If you look at his history, he was a warmonger and he shouldn't be near the White House. He was part of a militia that committed war crimes and, if anything, he should be tried for war crimes." Sarah Stern, president of the Endowment for Middle East Truth, defended his actions: "He represented his left-of-center party within a coalition of parties that oversaw the local government of the Christian community when it was surrounded by the Syrian army and the terrorist groups between 1986 and 1988. Phares is being attacked because he is on the right side of the issues and is fearless in speaking out the truth... is in a caliber of his own. He understood the rise of radical Islam in the Middle East. He understood very early on what ISIS is, that it's a real threat. He understands that Islam is more than a religion, that it's also an ideology and an ideology of conquest."

Academia in the United States

Phares taught at the Department of International Relations at Florida International University (FIU) in 1992 and was a visiting professor of comparative politics at Florida Atlantic University (FAU) in Palm Beach County from 1993 to 1994. He was hired as a full-time professor of Middle East studies and international relations in the Department of Political Science at FAU in 1995. While at FAU, Phares sponsored the student organization Haiti Watch. In 2008 he became Coordinator of the Trans-Atlantic Parliamentary Group on Counter Jihadi-Terrorism. Since 2008, he has lectured at the National Intelligence University in Washington DC, at the Center for Counterintelligence and Security Studies (CI Center) in Virginia, and at the Daniel Morgan Academy, a Graduate School of National Security in Washington DC. He teaches at BAU International University in Washington, D.C. also serving as a university provost and as Director of Graduate Studies at the university.

Phares's resume says that he "taught Global Strategies at the National Defense University in Washington DC since 2006". A spokesperson for the National Defense University noted that Phares was employed as an "expert/consultant" from April 2011 to April 2012.

Phares has testified before committees of the U.S. State, Justice, Defense and Homeland Security and the United States Congress. He briefed and testified to international bodies like the European Parliament and the United Nations Security Council on matters related to international security and Middle East conflict. He serves as an adviser to the Anti-Terrorism Caucus in the U.S. House of Representatives since 2007 and is a co-secretary general of the Transatlantic Legislative Group on Counter Terrorism, a Euro-American Caucus, since 2009. He has served on the Advisory Board of the Task Force on Future Terrorism of the Department of Homeland Security in 2006-2007 as well as on the Advisory Task force on Nuclear Terrorism in 2007. He lectures at defense and national security institutions and serves as a consultant on international affairs in the private sector.

Advisor to Mitt Romney, 2011–12

Phares was appointed as foreign policy adviser to Mitt Romney for his 2012 presidential campaign in 2011. His appointment was met with criticism from the Council on American–Islamic Relations (CAIR), which described him as "an associate to war crimes" (due to his ties to the Lebanese Forces) and a "conspiracy theorist". The appointment also provoked negative reactions from Islamic studies academics Ebrahim Moosa and Omid Safi, however both scholars were described as militant Islamists by several pieces, including "Walid Phares vs the Middle East Studies" as well as the Center for a New American Security's Andrew Exum, who said that Phares was "widely viewed as an extremist".

Advisor to Donald Trump, 2016

Phares worked as an advisor to presidential candidate Donald Trump in 2016; he was paid $13,000 per month by the campaign. Trump's choice of Phares renewed scrutiny and speculations about Phares' past alleged role as an ideologue to Lebanese Christian fighters during the Lebanese Civil War and his perceived far-right views as an academic and analyst of the Middle East region. His supporters argued that Phares had presciently discerned the threat of jihadist ideology and that he was eminently qualified for a senior post, and pointed to his strong pro-Israel track record.

Phares did not have a government post in the Trump administration.

Views

On the Arab–Israeli conflict

Phares has said that " only rational and historical choice is to link up once more with the Christian community of Lebanon. This may represent a choice which may not be appreciated among many Israelis, for various reasons, but it remains one which cannot be avoided... The Christians of Lebanon are the only potential ally against the advance of the northern Arabo-Islamic threat against Israel."

On Islam and Muslims

According to The New York Times, Phares "regularly warns that Muslims aim to take over American institutions and impose Sharia, a legal code based mainly on the Quran that can involve punishments like cutting off the hands of a thief." He has been described as an early advocate of Bat Ye'or's dhimmitude concept. Phares has also asserted that jihadists are posing as civil rights advocates.

Phares has been described as being part of "the Islamophobia industry, a network of researchers who have warned for many years of the dangers of Islam and were thrilled by Mr. Trump’s election." He has served on the board of advisors of anti-Muslim groups ACT for America and the Clarion Project. According to Lawrence Pintak of the Atlantic Council and a member of the advisory board for The Media Majlis at Northwestern University in Qatar, Phares is a "card-carrying Islamophobe". Although Phares is often described as a scholar on terrorism, Stanford University terrorism expert Martha Crenshaw stated that Phares was "not in the mainstream as an academic". Duke sociologist Christopher A. Bail describes Phares as an influential figure in the anti-Islam movement. He has also been described as a part of the counter-jihad movement.

According to The New York Times, Phares "is regularly accused by Muslim civil rights groups of being Islamophobic and of fear-mongering about the spread of Sharia law."

Conspiracy theory on Obama–Muslim Brotherhood ties

Phares has asserted that the Barack Obama administration supported the Muslim Brotherhood. In October 2016, he asserted that "the triangle Clintonmachine-Iranregime-MuslimBrotherhood has unleashed a coordinated propaganda offensive" against Donald Trump.

Reaction to the 2017 Westminster terrorist attack

In March 2017 Phares attracted attention in the UK when he implied in a tweet that London had "shut down" in the wake of the terrorist attack in Westminster, despite most roads and tube stations (with the exception of the adjacent Westminster station) remaining open as normal, and the fact that only the immediate crime scene was cordoned off: many Londoners replied to Phares to refute his claim.

Published works

référence : Jean-Marc Aractingi, La politique à mes trousses, Paris, Éditions l'Harmattan, 2006 (ISBN 978-2-296-00469-6)

Year Book Publisher
1979 Pluralism in Lebanon Holy Spirit University of Kaslik
1980 The Lebanese Thought and the Thesis of Arabization Dar el-Sharq Press
1981 Democratic Dialogue Manshurat el-Tagammoh
1985 Thirteen Centuries of Struggle Mashreq Editions (Beirut)
1986 The Iranian Islamic Revolution Dar el-Sharq Press
1995 Lebanese Christian Nationalism: The Rise and Fall of an Ethnic Resistance L. Rienner Publishers
1998, 2001 History of the Middle East: Trends and Benchmarks IRP University of Miami Press
2005 Future Jihad: Terrorist Strategies Against America Palgrave Macmillan
2007 The War of Ideas: Jihadism against Democracy Palgrave Macmillan
2008 The Confrontation: Winning the War against Future Jihad Palgrave Macmillan
2010 The Coming Revolution: Struggle for Freedom in the Middle East Simon & Schuster
2014 The Lost Spring. U.S. Policy in the Middle East and Catastrophes to Avoid Palgrave Macmillan

References

  1. Rozen, Laura (October 6, 2011). "Mitt Romney announces his foreign policy team". Yahoo News. The Envoy. Retrieved March 27, 2017.
  2. ^ Tharoor, Ishaan (March 22, 2016). "The dark, controversial past of Trump's counterterrorism adviser". The Washington Post. Retrieved June 7, 2016.
  3. "The Trump Campaign Is Paying A Fox News Analyst $13,000 A Month". Media Matters. July 26, 2016.
  4. "Walid Phares". Simon & Schuster. Retrieved June 28, 2023.
  6. Sidahmed, Mazin (October 21, 2016). "The Muslim cleric who stumps for Trump draws ire and confusion". The Guardian. Retrieved March 28, 2017.
  7. Smith, Ben (October 12, 2011). "Romney and Phares". Politico. Retrieved March 28, 2017.
  8. Schanzer, Jonathan (September 7, 2007). "War of Ideas: Jihadism Against Democracy [on Walid Phares' book, refs. Middle East studies, Juan Cole, As'ad Abu Khalil, John Esposito]". Campus Watch.
  9. Biography Walid Phares (PDF), United States House of Representatives Document Repository, April 29, 2015, retrieved June 7, 2016
  10. AbuKhalil, As'ad (October 7, 2011). "Romney's scary Middle East advisor". Salon. Retrieved January 24, 2017.
  11. "Bashing Both Iran and Obama, Trump Scores Points at AIPAC". Foreign Policy. March 21, 2016. Retrieved March 24, 2017.
  12. "Peter King's Witch Hunt". Foreign Policy. March 9, 2011. Retrieved March 24, 2017.
  13. ^ "Trump's foreign policy team baffles GOP experts". POLITICO. Retrieved March 24, 2017.
  14. ^ "The dark, controversial past of Trump's counterterrorism adviser". The Washington Post. Retrieved March 24, 2017.
  15. "One of Trump's foreign policy advisers is a 2009 college grad who lists Model UN as a credential". The Washington Post. Retrieved March 24, 2017.
  16. NewLebanon.info: من هو وليد فارس مستشار دونالد ترامب؟ (in Arabic)
  17. Phares, Walid (July 17, 2004), A letter to the Maronite Council of Bishops: On the Identity of the Maronites, The World Maronite Union, Washington DC, archived from the original on August 8, 2016, retrieved June 7, 2016{{citation}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) Walid Phares, Secretary General World Maronite Union
  18. UNSCR 1559:Calling on Syria to Pull Out From Lebanon
  19. "Special Report With Brit Hume". Fox News. March 10, 2005.
  20. "GOP foreign policy elites don't know whether they'll serve if Trump is president". The Washington Post. Retrieved March 24, 2017.
  21. ^ Lynfield, Ben (November 16, 2016). "Who is Walid Phares, Trump's Mideast adviser?". Jerusalem Post. Retrieved November 28, 2016.
  22. Ibrahim, Arwa (November 15, 2016). "Trump in the White House: The man advising him on the Middle East". Middle East Eye. Retrieved January 24, 2017.
  23. Saville, Kirk (October 27, 1994). "Students At Fau Keep Watchful Eye On Haiti". Sun Sentinel. Archived from the original on February 2, 2017. Retrieved January 24, 2017.
  24. "Trans Atlantic Parliamentary Group on Counter Jihadi Terrorism". July 27, 2009.
  25. "Biography of Walid Phares". Trans-Atlantic Parliamentary Group on Counter Jihadi-Terrorism. Archived from the original on December 16, 2017. Retrieved November 1, 2011.
  26. BAUI University official website
  27. Prof. Dr. Walid Phares on BAU International University DC Programs
  28. FoxNews: Dr. Walid Phares biography
  29. ^ Coppins, McKay (December 10, 2011). "Mitt's Muslim Problem". The Daily Beast.
  30. ^ Vary, Jarad (October 24, 2011). "Meet Mitt Romney's Radical, Right-wing, Sharia-phobe Foreign Policy Advisor". The New Republic. Retrieved October 21, 2014.
  31. Rogin, Josh; Rogin, Josh (September 8, 2016). "Inside the collapse of Trump's D.C. policy shop". The Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved March 24, 2017.
  32. Hananoki, Eric (July 26, 2016). "The Trump Campaign Is Paying A Fox News Analyst $13,000 A Month". Media Matters for America. Retrieved November 17, 2017.
  33. ^ Rosenberg, Scott Shane, Matthew; Lipton, Eric (February 1, 2017). "Trump Pushes Dark View of Islam to Center of U.S. Policy-Making". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved March 24, 2017.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  34. Lepeska, David (February 23, 2012). "Gain Peace in Chicago Aims to Counter Anti-Muslim Sentiment". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved March 24, 2017.
  35. "Dhimmitude Unveiled". New English Review. August 2013.
  36. "Bannon film outline warned U.S. could turn into 'Islamic States of America'". The Washington Post. Retrieved March 24, 2017.
  37. "Factsheet: Walid Phares". Bridge Initiative. December 5, 2018.
  38. "Author: American Muslims are struggling under Trump - Northwestern University in Qatar". www.qatar.northwestern.edu. Archived from the original on December 31, 2018.
  39. "An Idiot's Guide to Islam in America". Foreign Policy. December 8, 2016. Retrieved March 24, 2017.
  40. Christopher Bail (2015). Terrified: How Anti-Muslim Fringe Organizations Became Mainstream. Princeton University Press. pp. 67–68, 78–79. ISBN 9780691173634.
  41. Hannus, Martha (2012). Counterjihadrörelsen– en del av den antimuslimska miljön (PDF) (in Swedish). Expo Research. p. 24.
  42. Rappeport, Alan (March 22, 2016). "Top Experts Confounded by Advisers to Donald Trump". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved March 24, 2017.
  43. Rogin, Josh (August 1, 2016). "Pro-Trump Muslim groups bash Khan family". The Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved March 24, 2017.
  44. Bobic, Igor; Ahmed, Akbar Shahid (March 21, 2016). "Donald Trump Reveals His Team Of Foreign Policy Advisers". The Huffington Post. Retrieved March 24, 2017.
  45. "Donald Trump's team is now floating an evil Clinton-Muslim Brotherhood-Iran nexus". New Republic. October 18, 2016. Retrieved March 24, 2017.
  46. "People mock Fox News claim that terror attack 'shut down city'". Retrieved March 24, 2017.
  47. Horton, Helena (March 23, 2017). "Londoners fire back at Fox News pundit who claims the capital is 'shut down'". telegraph.co.uk. Retrieved March 23, 2017.

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