Misplaced Pages

Propidium iodide: Difference between revisions

Article snapshot taken from Wikipedia with creative commons attribution-sharealike license. Give it a read and then ask your questions in the chat. We can research this topic together.
Browse history interactively← Previous editContent deleted Content addedVisualWikitext
Revision as of 12:52, 14 October 2011 editCheMoBot (talk | contribs)Bots141,565 edits Updating {{chembox}} (changes to verified fields - updated 'DrugBank_Ref', 'UNII_Ref', 'KEGG_Ref') per Chem/Drugbox validation (report errors or bugs)← Previous edit Latest revision as of 01:27, 13 December 2024 edit undoInnerstream (talk | contribs)Autopatrolled, Extended confirmed users4,057 editsmNo edit summary 
(46 intermediate revisions by 39 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
{{chembox {{chembox
⚫ | verifiedrevid = 464216583
| Verifiedfields = changed
⚫ | ImageFile=Propidium iodide.svg
⚫ | verifiedrevid = 439273118
⚫ | ImageSize=200px
⚫ |ImageFile=Propidium iodide.png
⚫ | IUPACName=
⚫ |ImageSize=200px
⚫ | OtherNames=
⚫ |IUPACName=
⚫ |OtherNames=
|Section1={{Chembox Identifiers |Section1={{Chembox Identifiers
| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}} | ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}}
| ChemSpiderID = 94732 | ChemSpiderID = 94732
| ChEMBL_Ref = {{ebicite|changed|EBI}} | ChEMBL_Ref = {{ebicite|correct|EBI}}
| ChEMBL = 345124 | ChEMBL = 345124
| InChI = 1/C27H33N4.2HI/c1-4-31(3,5-2)17-9-16-30-26-19-22(29)13-15-24(26)23-14-12-21(28)18-25(23)27(30)20-10-7-6-8-11-20;;/h6-8,10-15,18-19,29H,4-5,9,16-17,28H2,1-3H3;2*1H/q+1;;/p-1 | InChI = 1/C27H33N4.2HI/c1-4-31(3,5-2)17-9-16-30-26-19-22(29)13-15-24(26)23-14-12-21(28)18-25(23)27(30)20-10-7-6-8-11-20;;/h6-8,10-15,18-19,29H,4-5,9,16-17,28H2,1-3H3;2*1H/q+1;;/p-1
Line 19: Line 18:
| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}} | CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}}
| CASNo=25535-16-4 | CASNo=25535-16-4
| UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}}
⚫ | PubChem=104981
| UNII = TP416O228T
⚫ | ChEBI_Ref = {{ebicite|changed|EBI}}
⚫ | PubChem=104981
⚫ | ChEBI_Ref = {{ebicite|correct|EBI}}
| ChEBI = 51240 | ChEBI = 51240
| SMILES = CC(C)(CC)CCC1c2cc(ccc2c3ccc(cc3c1c4ccccc4)N)N.. | SMILES = CC(C)(CC)CCC1c2cc(N)ccc2c3ccc(N)cc3c1c4ccccc4..
}} }}
|Section2={{Chembox Properties |Section2={{Chembox Properties
| Formula=C<sub>27</sub>H<sub>34</sub>I<sub>2</sub>N<sub>4</sub> | Formula=C<sub>27</sub>H<sub>34</sub>I<sub>2</sub>N<sub>4</sub>
| MolarMass=668.3946 | MolarMass=668.3946
| Appearance= | Appearance=
| Density= | Density=
| MeltingPt= | MeltingPt=
| BoilingPt= | BoilingPt=
| Solubility= | Solubility=
}} }}
|Section3={{Chembox Hazards |Section3={{Chembox Hazards
| MainHazards= | MainHazards=
| FlashPt= | FlashPt=
| AutoignitionPt =
| Autoignition=
}} }}
}} }}


'''Propidium iodide''' (or PI) is an ] and a ] ] with a ] of 668.4 ] that can be used to ] ]. When excited with 488&nbsp;nm wavelength light, it fluoresces red. Propidium iodide is used as a DNA stain for both ] to evaluate cell viability or DNA content in ]<ref>http://www.biolegend.com/propidium-iodide-solution-2651.html</ref> and microscopy to visualise the nucleus and other DNA containing organelles. It can be used to differentiate ], ] and normal ].<ref>{{cite journal |author=Lecoeur H |title=Nuclear apoptosis detection by flow cytometry: influence of endogenous endonucleases |journal=Exp. Cell Res. |volume=277 |issue=1 |pages=1–14 |year=2002 |pmid=12061813 |doi=10.1006/excr.2002.5537}}</ref> '''Propidium iodide''' (or '''PI''') is a ] ] that can be used to ] ] and ]. PI binds to DNA by intercalating between the bases with little or no sequence preference. When in an aqueous solution, PI has a fluorescent excitation maximum of 493 nm (blue-green), and an emission maximum of 636 nm (red). After binding DNA, the ] of PI is enhanced 20-30 fold, and the excitation/emission maximum of PI is shifted to 535 nm (green) / 617 nm (orange-red).<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.thermofisher.com/us/en/home/life-science/cell-analysis/fluorophores/propidium-iodide.html |title=Propidium Iodide |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=2019-11-14 |publisher=Thermo Fisher Scientific |access-date=2019-11-14 }}</ref> Propidium iodide is used as a DNA stain in ] to ] or DNA content in ], <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.biolegend.com/propidium-iodide-solution-2651.html|title=Propidium Iodide Solution - BioLegend|access-date=10 January 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150210095844/http://www.biolegend.com/propidium-iodide-solution-2651.html|archive-date=10 February 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref> or in microscopy to visualize the nucleus and other DNA-containing organelles. Propidium Iodide is not membrane-permeable, making it useful to differentiate ], ] and healthy cells based on membrane integrity.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Lecoeur H |title=Nuclear apoptosis detection by flow cytometry: influence of endogenous endonucleases |journal=Exp. Cell Res. |volume=277 |issue=1 |pages=1–14 |year=2002 |pmid=12061813 |doi=10.1006/excr.2002.5537}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Propidium Iodide|url=https://www.thermofisher.com/order/catalog/product/P1304MP|publisher=ThermoFisher}}</ref> PI also binds to ], necessitating treatment with nucleases to distinguish between RNA and DNA staining.<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Suzuki T, Fujikura K, Higashiyama T, Takata K|date=1 January 1997|title=DNA staining for fluorescence and laser confocal microscopy|journal=J. Histochem. Cytochem.|volume=45|issue=1|pages=49–53|doi=10.1177/002215549704500107|pmid=9010468|doi-access=free}}</ref> PI is widely used in fluorescence staining and visualization of the plant cell wall.<ref name=Bidhendi2020>{{cite journal|last1=Bidhendi|first1=AJ|last2=Chebli|first2=Y|last3=Geitmann|first3=A|title=Fluorescence Visualization of Cellulose and Pectin in the Primary Plant Cell Wall|journal=Journal of Microscopy|volume=278 |issue=3 |pages=164–181|date=May 2020|doi=10.1111/jmi.12895|pmid=32270489|s2cid=215619998}}</ref><br />

Propidium Iodide is the most commonly used dye to quantitatively assess DNA content.<ref>Cancer Research UK. 2004. Cell Cycle Analysis - Propidium Iodide. http://science.cancerresearchuk.org/sci/facs/facs_major_apps/cell_cycle_analysis/propidium_iodide/?version=1</ref>{{Citation needed| reason=Better reference needed|date=May 2010}}

Propidium iodide (PI) binds to DNA by intercalating between the bases with little or no sequence preference and with a stoichiometry of one dye per 4–5 base pairs of DNA. PI also binds to ], necessitating treatment with nucleases to distinguish between RNA and DNA staining.<ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1177/002215549704500107 |author=Suzuki T, Fujikura K, Higashiyama T, Takata K |title=DNA staining for fluorescence and laser confocal microscopy |journal=J. Histochem. Cytochem. |volume=45 |issue=1 |pages=49–53 |date=1 January 1997|pmid=9010468 |url=http://www.jhc.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=9010468 }}</ref> Once the dye is bound to nucleic acids, its fluorescence is enhanced 20- to 30-fold, the fluorescence excitation maximum is shifted ~30–40&nbsp;nm to the red and the fluorescence emission maximum is shifted ~15&nbsp;nm to the blue. Although its molar absorptivity (extinction coefficient) is relatively low, PI exhibits a sufficiently large ] to allow simultaneous detection of nuclear DNA and ]-labeled antibodies, provided the proper optical filters are used. PI is suitable for ], ], ], and ].

PI is membrane impermeant and generally excluded from viable cells. PI is commonly used for
identifying dead cells in a population and as a counterstain in multicolor fluorescent techniques.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Moore A, Donahue CJ, Bauer KD, Mather JP |title=Simultaneous measurement of cell cycle and apoptotic cell death |journal=Methods Cell Biol. |volume=57 |issue= |pages=265–78 |year=1998 |pmid=9648110 |doi=10.1016/S0091-679X(08)61584-8}}</ref> The counterstaining protocols below are compatible with a wide range of cytological labeling techniques—direct or indirect antibody-based detection methods, mRNA in situ hybridization, or staining with fluorescent reagents specific for cellular structures. These protocols can be modified for tissue staining.

A typical use of propidium iodide in plant biology is to stain the cell wall. Especially useful for '']'' seedling root tissue observed by ], it increases visibility of the outlines of cells in the root tip. This red fluorescent background is useful to determine the sub-localization of a gene of interest expressed as a ] fusion.

Also, propidium iodide is used as a stain in animal cells. For example, in ''Apodemus sylvaticus,'' more commonly known as the ], it can be used to indicate the location of the nuclear region by emitting its characteristic red fluorescence.<ref>Moore, Harry et al., Exceptional sperm cooperation in Wood Mouse.Nature 418, 174-177 (2002).</ref>


== See also == == See also ==
* ]
* ] * ]
* ] *]
*]


==References== ==References==
Line 61: Line 53:


{{DEFAULTSORT:Propidium Iodide}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Propidium Iodide}}
⚫ ]
]
⚫ ]
]
] ]
⚫ ]
⚫ ]

]
]
]
]

Latest revision as of 01:27, 13 December 2024

Propidium iodide
Identifiers
CAS Number
3D model (JSmol)
ChEBI
ChEMBL
ChemSpider
ECHA InfoCard 100.042.786 Edit this at Wikidata
PubChem CID
UNII
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
InChI
  • InChI=1S/C27H33N4.2HI/c1-4-31(3,5-2)17-9-16-30-26-19-22(29)13-15-24(26)23-14-12-21(28)18-25(23)27(30)20-10-7-6-8-11-20;;/h6-8,10-15,18-19,29H,4-5,9,16-17,28H2,1-3H3;2*1H/q+1;;/p-1Key: XJMOSONTPMZWPB-UHFFFAOYSA-M
  • InChI=1/C27H33N4.2HI/c1-4-31(3,5-2)17-9-16-30-26-19-22(29)13-15-24(26)23-14-12-21(28)18-25(23)27(30)20-10-7-6-8-11-20;;/h6-8,10-15,18-19,29H,4-5,9,16-17,28H2,1-3H3;2*1H/q+1;;/p-1Key: XJMOSONTPMZWPB-REWHXWOFAB
SMILES
  • CC(C)(CC)CCC1c2cc(N)ccc2c3ccc(N)cc3c1c4ccccc4..
Properties
Chemical formula C27H34I2N4
Molar mass 668.3946
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C , 100 kPa). checkY verify (what is  ?) Infobox references
Chemical compound

Propidium iodide (or PI) is a fluorescent intercalating agent that can be used to stain cells and nucleic acids. PI binds to DNA by intercalating between the bases with little or no sequence preference. When in an aqueous solution, PI has a fluorescent excitation maximum of 493 nm (blue-green), and an emission maximum of 636 nm (red). After binding DNA, the quantum yield of PI is enhanced 20-30 fold, and the excitation/emission maximum of PI is shifted to 535 nm (green) / 617 nm (orange-red). Propidium iodide is used as a DNA stain in flow cytometry to evaluate cell viability or DNA content in cell cycle analysis, or in microscopy to visualize the nucleus and other DNA-containing organelles. Propidium Iodide is not membrane-permeable, making it useful to differentiate necrotic, apoptotic and healthy cells based on membrane integrity. PI also binds to RNA, necessitating treatment with nucleases to distinguish between RNA and DNA staining. PI is widely used in fluorescence staining and visualization of the plant cell wall.

See also

References

  1. "Propidium Iodide". Thermo Fisher Scientific. 2019-11-14. Retrieved 2019-11-14.
  2. "Propidium Iodide Solution - BioLegend". Archived from the original on 10 February 2015. Retrieved 10 January 2015.
  3. Lecoeur H (2002). "Nuclear apoptosis detection by flow cytometry: influence of endogenous endonucleases". Exp. Cell Res. 277 (1): 1–14. doi:10.1006/excr.2002.5537. PMID 12061813.
  4. "Propidium Iodide". ThermoFisher.
  5. Suzuki T, Fujikura K, Higashiyama T, Takata K (1 January 1997). "DNA staining for fluorescence and laser confocal microscopy". J. Histochem. Cytochem. 45 (1): 49–53. doi:10.1177/002215549704500107. PMID 9010468.
  6. Bidhendi, AJ; Chebli, Y; Geitmann, A (May 2020). "Fluorescence Visualization of Cellulose and Pectin in the Primary Plant Cell Wall". Journal of Microscopy. 278 (3): 164–181. doi:10.1111/jmi.12895. PMID 32270489. S2CID 215619998.
Categories: