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{{chembox {{chembox
| Verifiedfields = changed
| verifiedrevid = 439902937
| Watchedfields = changed
| Name = Rhodium (II) Acetate
| verifiedrevid = 464381848
| ImageFile = Rhodium(II) acetate.jpg
| Name = Rhodium(II) acetate
<!-- | ImageSize = 200px -->
| ImageName = Rhodium(II) acetate | ImageFile1 = Rhodium(II)-acetate-hydrate-dimer-from-xtal-1971-3D-balls.png
| IUPACName = Rhodium (II) acetate | ImageFile2 = Rhodium(II) acetate.jpg
| ImageName = Rhodium(II) acetate
| OtherNames = Dirhodium tetraacetate,<br />Tetrakis(acetato)dirhodium(II),<br />Rhodium diacetate dimer,<br />Tetrakis-(mu-acetato)dirhodium
| IUPACName = Rhodium(II) acetate
| Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers
| OtherNames = Dirhodium tetraacetate,<br />Tetrakis(acetato)dirhodium(II),<br />Rhodium diacetate dimer,<br />Tetrakis(''μ''-acetato)dirhodium
| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}}
|Section1={{Chembox Identifiers
| SMILES = 1234#()(O(C)O1)(O(C)O2)(O(C)O3)O(C)O4
| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}}
| ChemSpiderID = 20370 | ChemSpiderID = 20370
| PubChem = 21674 | PubChem = 152122
| InChI = 1/2C2H4O2.Rh/c2*1-2(3)4;/h2*1H3,(H,3,4);/q;;+2/p-2 | InChI = 1S/4C2H4O2.2Rh/c4*1-2(3)4;;/h4*1H3,(H,3,4);;/q;;;;2*+2/p-4
| InChIKey = ITDJKCJYYAQMRO-NUQVWONBAE | InChIKey = : SYBXSZMNKDOUCA-UHFFFAOYSA-J
| SMILES = .C(=O)C.C(=O)C
| StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}} | StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
| StdInChI = 1S/2C2H4O2.Rh/c2*1-2(3)4;/h2*1H3,(H,3,4);/q;;+2/p-2 | StdInChI = 1S/2C2H4O2.Rh/c2*1-2(3)4;/h2*1H3,(H,3,4);/q;;+2/p-2
Line 20: Line 22:
| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}} | CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}}
| CASNo = 15956-28-2 | CASNo = 15956-28-2
| UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}}
| RTECS = VI9361000
| UNII = NK3058Z56X
}}
| RTECS = VI9361000
| Section2 = {{Chembox Properties
| EINECS = 240-084-8
| Formula = C<sub>8</sub>H<sub>12</sub>O<sub>8</sub>Rh<sub>2</sub>
}}
| MolarMass = 441.99 g/mol
|Section2={{Chembox Properties
| Appearance = Emerald green powder
| Formula = C<sub>8</sub>H<sub>12</sub>O<sub>8</sub>Rh<sub>2</sub>
| Density = 1.126 g/cm<sup>3</sup>
| MolarMass = 441.99 g/mol
| Solubility = soluble
| Appearance = Emerald green powder
| Solvent = other solvents
| Density = 1.126 g/cm<sup>3</sup>
| SolubleOther = polar organic solvents
| MeltingPt = >100 °C | Solubility = soluble
| Solvent = other solvents
| BoilingPt = decomposes
| SolubleOther = polar organic solvents
}}
| MeltingPt = >100 °C
| Section3 = {{Chembox Structure
| BoilingPt = decomposes
| Coordination = ]
}}
| CrystalStruct = ]
|Section3={{Chembox Structure
| Dipole = 0 ]
| Coordination = ]
}}
| CrystalStruct = ]
| Section7 = {{Chembox Hazards
| Dipole = 0 ]
| ExternalMSDS =
}}
| NFPA-H = 3
|Section7={{Chembox Hazards
| NFPA-R = 0
| ExternalSDS =
| NFPA-F = 0
| NFPA-H = 3
| FlashPt = low flammability
| RPhrases = 36/38 | NFPA-R = 0
| NFPA-F = 0
| SPhrases = 15, 26, 28A, 37/39
| FlashPt = low flammability
}}
| GHS_ref=<ref>{{cite web |title=Dirhodium tetraacetate |url=https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/152122#section=Safety-and-Hazards |website=pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov |access-date=14 December 2021 |language=en}}</ref>
| Section8 = {{Chembox Related
| GHSPictograms = {{GHS07}}
| OtherCpds = ]<br />]<br />
| GHSSignalWord = Warning
}}
| HPhrases = {{H-phrases|315|319}}
| PPhrases = {{P-phrases|264|280|302+352|305+351+338|321|332+313|337+313|362}}
}}
|Section8={{Chembox Related
| OtherCompounds = ]<br />]
}}
}} }}


'''Rhodium(II) acetate''' is the ] with the ] ]<sub>2</sub>(AcO)<sub>4</sub>, where AcO<sup>−</sup> is the ] ion (</sub>CH<sub>3</sub>CO<sub>2</sub><sup>−</sup>). This emerald green powder is a catalyst for ] of ]s. It is also used as ] for insertion into C-H and X-H bonds (X = N/S/O) and for ] formation for ]. '''Rhodium(II) acetate''' is the ] with the ] ]<sub>2</sub>(AcO)<sub>4</sub>, where AcO<sup>−</sup> is the ] ion ({{chem|CH|3|CO|2|−}}). This dark green powder is slightly soluble in polar solvents, including water. It is used as a catalyst for ] of ]s. It is a widely studied example of a ].<ref name=Felthouse/>


==Preparation== ==Preparation==
Rhodium(II) acetate is usually prepared by the heating hydrated ] in ] (CH<sub>3</sub>COOH):<ref>{{cite doi|10.1002/9780470132449.ch16}}</ref> Rhodium(II) acetate dimer undergoes ], the replacement of the acetate group by other ]s and related groups.<ref>{{cite book |last1= Doyle|first1= M.P.|editor1-first= Iwao|editor1-last= Ojima|title= Catalytic Asymmetric Synthesis|edition= 2nd|year= 2000|publisher= Wiley|location= New York|isbn= 0471298050|chapter= Asymmetric Addition and Insertion Reactions of Catalytically-Generated Metal Carbenes|}}</ref> Rhodium(II) acetate is usually prepared by the heating of ] ] in a methanol-] mixture. The crude product is the bis(methanol) complex, but it is easily desolvated.<ref name=Felthouse>{{cite book |doi=10.1002/9780470166307.ch2 |chapter=The Chemistry, Structure, and Metal-Metal Bonding in Compounds of Rhodium(II) |title=Progress in Inorganic Chemistry |date=1982 |last1=Felthouse |first1=Timothy R. |volume=29 |pages=73–166 |isbn=978-0-471-09370-1 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book | last1 = Rempel | first1 = G. A. | last2 = Legzdins | first2 = P. | last3 = Smith | first3 = H. | last4 = Wilkinson | first4 = G. | title = Inorganic Syntheses | chapter = Tetrakis(acetato)dirhodium(II) and Similar Carboxylato Compounds | doi = 10.1002/9780470132449.ch16 | journal = ] | volume = 13 | pages = 90–91 | year = 1972 | isbn = 9780470132449 }}</ref>
:Rh<sub>2</sub>(OAc)<sub>4</sub> + 4 HO<sub>2</sub>Y → Rh<sub>2</sub>(O<sub>2</sub>Y)<sub>4</sub> + 4 HOAc


==Structure and Properties== ==Structure and properties==
The structure of rhodium(II) acetate features a pair of ] atoms, each with ], defined by four acetate oxygen atoms, water, and a Rh–Rh bond of length 2.39&nbsp;]. The water ] is exchangeable, and a variety of other ]s bind to the axial positions.<ref>{{Cite journal | last1 = Cotton | first1 = F. A. | last2 = Deboer | first2 = B. G. | last3 = Laprade | first3 = M. D. | last4 = Pipal | first4 = J. R. | last5 = Ucko | first5 = D. A. | title = The crystal and molecular structures of dichromium tetraacetate dihydrate and dirhodium tetraacetate dihydrate | doi = 10.1107/S0567740871004527 | journal = Acta Crystallogr B | volume = 27 | issue = 8 | pages = 1664 | year = 1971 | doi-access = }}</ref> ] and ] adopt ].
:]


==Chemical properties==
The structure of rhodium(II) acetate features a pair of ] atoms, each with ], defined by four acetate oxygen atoms, a water ligand, and a Rh-Rh bond (2.39 Å.<ref>{{cite doi|10.1107/S0567740871004527}}</ref>. ] and ] adopt similar structures.
The dimer binds a number of classical ]s to form 2:1 adducts:


Its ] is eclipsed by the enhanced reactivity of ], which even binds arenes and alkenes.
==Chemical Properties==
The application of dirhodium tetraacetate to organic synthesis was pioneered by Teyssie and co-workers.<ref>{{cite doi|10.1016/S0040-4039(01)87603-6}}</ref> A extensive library of successful transformations rapidly evolved, ranging from Rh(II)-catalyzed OH and NH insertions to ] of ]<ref>{{cite doi|10.1016/S0040-4039(00)78050-6}}</ref> and ] systems.<ref>{{cite doi|10.1039/C39800000765 }}</ref> Nowadays, it is used mainly as a ]. It can help distinguish between ] and ] by binding selectively to ribonucleosides at their 2' and 3' OH groups<ref>{{broken doi|10.1038/newbio239237a0}}</ref>. Rhodium(II) acetate dimer, compared to copper(II) acetate, is more reactive and useful in differentiating ribonucleosides and deoxynucleosides because it is soluble in ] solution like water whereas copper(II) acetate only dissolves in non-aqueous solution.


The acetate group can be replaced by other carboxylates of strong acids. The yields are nearly quantitative.
===Selected catalytic reactions===


Like almost all rhodium complexes, rhodium(II) acetate catalyzes many reactions such as hydrogenation and hydrosilylation. No evidence exists for mechanisms and the behavior has not motivated further work. The important observation that rhodium(II) acetate catalyzes reactions of diazo compounds has led to considerable research, but mostly focused on the trifluoroacetate or chiral derivatives.
1. Cyclopropanation
:]</br> through the ] of diazocarbonyl compounds, the intra- and intermolecular ] reactions occurs.
2. Aromatic cycloaddition
:]</br> Rhodium acetate is a very efficient catalyst for two-component ] as well as three-component 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reactions.
3. C-H insertion
:]</br> Rh(II)-catalyzed ] intramolecular and regiospecific intermolecular ] into ] and ] C-H bonds is a useful method for the synthesis of a diverse range of organic compounds.
4. Oxidation of alcohols
:]</br> ] and ] ] were oxidized to the corresponding carbonyl compounds using tert-butyl hydroperoxide in ] amounts and Rh<sub>2</sub>(OAc)<sub>4</sub> as catalyst in ] at ambient temperature.
5. X-H insertion (X = N/S/O)
:]</br> Rh(II) ] reacts with ]s, ] or ] to yield the product of a formal intra- or intermolecular X-H bond (X = N/O/S) insertion via the formation of an ] ].


==References== ==References==
{{reflist}} {{Reflist}}


{{Rhodium compounds}} {{Rhodium compounds}}
{{Acetates}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Rhodium(Ii) Acetate}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Rhodium(II) Acetate}}
] ]
] ]
]

]
]

Latest revision as of 18:56, 5 July 2024

Rhodium(II) acetate
Names
IUPAC name Rhodium(II) acetate
Other names Dirhodium tetraacetate,
Tetrakis(acetato)dirhodium(II),
Rhodium diacetate dimer,
Tetrakis(μ-acetato)dirhodium
Identifiers
CAS Number
3D model (JSmol)
ChemSpider
ECHA InfoCard 100.036.425 Edit this at Wikidata
EC Number
  • 240-084-8
PubChem CID
RTECS number
  • VI9361000
UNII
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
InChI
  • InChI=1S/2C2H4O2.Rh/c2*1-2(3)4;/h2*1H3,(H,3,4);/q;;+2/p-2Key: ITDJKCJYYAQMRO-UHFFFAOYSA-L
  • InChI=1S/4C2H4O2.2Rh/c4*1-2(3)4;;/h4*1H3,(H,3,4);;/q;;;;2*+2/p-4Key: : SYBXSZMNKDOUCA-UHFFFAOYSA-J
SMILES
  • 1234#()(O(C)O1)(O(C)O2)(O(C)O3)O(C)O4
Properties
Chemical formula C8H12O8Rh2
Molar mass 441.99 g/mol
Appearance Emerald green powder
Density 1.126 g/cm
Melting point >100 °C
Boiling point decomposes
Solubility in water soluble
Solubility in other solvents polar organic solvents
Structure
Crystal structure monoclinic
Coordination geometry octahedral
Dipole moment 0 D
Hazards
GHS labelling:
Pictograms GHS07: Exclamation mark
Signal word Warning
Hazard statements H315, H319
Precautionary statements P264, P280, P302+P352, P305+P351+P338, P321, P332+P313, P337+P313, P362
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)
NFPA 704 four-colored diamondHealth 3: Short exposure could cause serious temporary or residual injury. E.g. chlorine gasFlammability 0: Will not burn. E.g. waterInstability 0: Normally stable, even under fire exposure conditions, and is not reactive with water. E.g. liquid nitrogenSpecial hazards (white): no code
3 0 0
Flash point low flammability
Safety data sheet (SDS) Coleparmer MSDS
Related compounds
Related compounds Copper(II) acetate
Chromium(II) acetate
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C , 100 kPa). ☒N verify (what is  ?) Infobox references
Chemical compound

Rhodium(II) acetate is the coordination compound with the formula Rh2(AcO)4, where AcO is the acetate ion (CH
3CO
2). This dark green powder is slightly soluble in polar solvents, including water. It is used as a catalyst for cyclopropanation of alkenes. It is a widely studied example of a transition metal carboxylate complex.

Preparation

Rhodium(II) acetate is usually prepared by the heating of hydrated rhodium(III) chloride in a methanol-acetic acid mixture. The crude product is the bis(methanol) complex, but it is easily desolvated.

Structure and properties

The structure of rhodium(II) acetate features a pair of rhodium atoms, each with octahedral molecular geometry, defined by four acetate oxygen atoms, water, and a Rh–Rh bond of length 2.39 Å. The water adduct is exchangeable, and a variety of other Lewis bases bind to the axial positions. Copper(II) acetate and chromium(II) acetate adopt similar structures.

Chemical properties

The dimer binds a number of classical Lewis bases to form 2:1 adducts:

Its Lewis acidity is eclipsed by the enhanced reactivity of rhodium(II) trifluoroacetate, which even binds arenes and alkenes.

The acetate group can be replaced by other carboxylates of strong acids. The yields are nearly quantitative.

Like almost all rhodium complexes, rhodium(II) acetate catalyzes many reactions such as hydrogenation and hydrosilylation. No evidence exists for mechanisms and the behavior has not motivated further work. The important observation that rhodium(II) acetate catalyzes reactions of diazo compounds has led to considerable research, but mostly focused on the trifluoroacetate or chiral derivatives.

References

  1. "Dirhodium tetraacetate". pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 14 December 2021.
  2. ^ Felthouse, Timothy R. (1982). "The Chemistry, Structure, and Metal-Metal Bonding in Compounds of Rhodium(II)". Progress in Inorganic Chemistry. Vol. 29. pp. 73–166. doi:10.1002/9780470166307.ch2. ISBN 978-0-471-09370-1.
  3. Rempel, G. A.; Legzdins, P.; Smith, H.; Wilkinson, G. (1972). "Tetrakis(acetato)dirhodium(II) and Similar Carboxylato Compounds". Inorganic Syntheses. Vol. 13. pp. 90–91. doi:10.1002/9780470132449.ch16. ISBN 9780470132449. {{cite book}}: |journal= ignored (help)
  4. Cotton, F. A.; Deboer, B. G.; Laprade, M. D.; Pipal, J. R.; Ucko, D. A. (1971). "The crystal and molecular structures of dichromium tetraacetate dihydrate and dirhodium tetraacetate dihydrate". Acta Crystallogr B. 27 (8): 1664. doi:10.1107/S0567740871004527.
Rhodium compounds
Rh(0)
Organorhodium(0) compounds
Rh(I)
Organorhodium(I) compounds
Rh(II)
Organorhodium(II) compunds
Rh(III)
Organorhodium(III) compunds
  • ((CH3)5C5RhCl2)2
  • Rh(O2C5H7)3
    • Rh(IV)
    Rh(V)
    Rh(VI)
    Acetyl halides and salts of the acetate ion
    AcOH He
    LiOAc Be(OAc)2
    Be4O(OAc)6     		B(OAc)3
    B2O(OAc)4     		AcOAc
    ROAc     		NH4OAc AcOOH FAc
    FOAc     		Ne
    NaOAc
    NaH(OAc)2     		Mg(OAc)2 Al(OAc)3
    ALSOL
    Al(OAc)2OH
    Al(OH)2OAc
    Al2SO4(OAc)4     		Si P S ClAc
    ClOAc     		Ar
    KOAc Ca(OAc)2 Sc(OAc)3 Ti(OAc)4 VO(OAc)3 Cr(OAc)2
    Cr(OAc)3     		Mn(OAc)2
    Mn(OAc)3     		Fe(OAc)2
    Fe(OAc)3     		Co(OAc)2 Ni(OAc)2 CuOAc
    Cu(OAc)2     		Zn(OAc)2 Ga(OAc)3 Ge As(OAc)3 Se BrAc
    BrOAc     		Kr
    RbOAc Sr(OAc)2 Y(OAc)3 Zr(OAc)4 Nb Mo(OAc)2 Tc Ru2(OAc)4Cl
    Ru(OAc)3     		Rh2(OAc)4 Pd(OAc)2 AgOAc Cd(OAc)2 In(OAc)3 Sn(OAc)2
    Sn(OAc)4     		Sb(OAc)3 Te IAc
    IOAc
    I(OAc)3     		Xe
    CsOAc Ba(OAc)2 * Lu(OAc)3 Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt(OAc)2 Au(OAc)3 Hg2(OAc)2
    Hg(OAc)2     		TlOAc
    Tl(OAc)3     		Pb(OAc)2
    Pb(OAc)4     		Bi(OAc)3 Po At Rn
    Fr Ra ** Lr Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt Ds Rg Cn Nh Fl Mc Lv Ts Og
     
    * La(OAc)3 Ce(OAc)3 Pr(OAc)3 Nd(OAc)3 Pm Sm(OAc)3 Eu(OAc)3 Gd(OAc)3 Tb(OAc)3 Dy(OAc)3 Ho(OAc)3 Er(OAc)3 Tm(OAc)3 Yb(OAc)3
    ** Ac(OAc)3 Th(OAc)4 Pa UO2(OAc)2 Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No
    Categories: