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| {{Short description|Species of fish}} | |||
| ⚫ | ''' |
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| {{Speciesbox | |||
| ⚫ | | name = Popeye shiner | ||
| | image = Popeye shiner.jpg | |||
| ⚫ | | status = LC | ||
| | status_system = IUCN3.1 | |||
| | status_ref =<ref name="iucn status 12 November 2021">{{cite iucn |author=NatureServe |date=2014 |title=''Notropis ariommus'' |volume=2014 |page=e.T202286A19033448 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2014-3.RLTS.T202286A19033448.en |access-date=12 November 2021}}</ref> | |||
| ⚫ | | taxon = Notropis ariommus | ||
| | display_parents = 3 | |||
| ⚫ | | authority = (], 1867) | ||
| | synonyms = ''Photogenis ariommus'' <small>Cope, 1867</small> | |||
| }} | |||
| ⚫ | The '''popeye shiner''' ('''''Notropis ariommus''''') is a North American species of freshwater ] fish. | ||
| {{Taxobox | |||
| ⚫ | | name = Popeye |
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| ⚫ | | status = | ||
| | regnum = ] | |||
| | phylum = ] | |||
| | classis = ] | |||
| | ordo = ] | |||
| | familia = ] | |||
| | genus = '']'' | |||
| | species = '''''N. ariommus''''' | |||
| ⚫ | | |
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| ⚫ | | |
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| == Introduction == | |||
| It is ideal to construct a plan to monitor the endangered ''Notropis ariommus'' (the popeye shiner). To follow through on this intent, there are five main categories for which retaining date is imperative: geographic distribution, ecology, life history, current management, and management recommendations. | |||
| The current geographic distribution of ''Notropis ariommus'' is in the Ohio River basic and the Tennessee River drainage. Keeping a record of this will allow scientists to determine if the fish is expanding or declining in range, and to take action accordingly. Similarly, the ecology of the species is heavily beneficial to note. Since ''Notropis ariommus'' is a freshwater, benthopelagic insectivore, the change of any of these specifications can result in further decrease of the species and should be controlled if possible. Unlike the ecology, very little is known at this time about life history of ''Notropis ariommus'', however, this will be addressed in management recommendations. It is also important to note that despite the overall ‘endangered’ status of this species, very little is currently being done to protect it. The combination of human activity (industrialisation/agriculture) and invasive species are acting to destroy the habitat of ''Notropis ariommus''. Lastly, it is recommended that to best preserve this species, breeding habits should be observed, and if possible, annual accounts of species abundance should be done by random sampling in the areas of ''Notropis ariommus'' occupation. | |||
| == Geographic distribution == | == Geographic distribution == | ||
| The popeye shiner is native to the ], particularly the ] basin and the ] drainage, spanning the states of ], ], ], ], ], ], ], and ].<ref name=gilbert>Gilbert, CR. 1969 Systematics and distribution of the American cyprinid fishes ''Notropis ariommus'' and ''Notropis telescopus''. Copeia.</ref><ref name=fishbase>{{FishBase species| genus=Notropis | species=ariommus | year=2011 | month=November }}</ref> Specific locations include the Tennessee River in Alabama and Georgia; the ] in Indiana; and the ], ] (non-native), and ] in West Virginia.<ref>Stauffer, JR, JM Boltz, and LR White. 1995. Fishes of West Virginia. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. 146: 1–389</ref> Between 1894 and 1949, only three specimens had been definitively identified. Later, however, the number of Popeye shiners began to increase, even in places that had been well documented previously and showed no trace of the Popeye shiner.<ref name=gilbert/> | |||
| <ref name='ref 3'> Stauffer, JR, JM Boltz, and LR White. 1995. Fishes of West Virginia. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. 146: 1-389</ref> | |||
| .Between 1894 and 1949, only three specimens had been definitively identified. After, however, the number of ''Notropis ariommus'' began to increase, even in places that had been well documented previously and showed no trace of ''Notropis ariommus''<ref name='ref 1'/> Despite more of these minnows being discovered since 1949, they are still listed as endangered by Georgia<ref name='ref 4'> Georgia SOS: http://rules.sos.state.ga.us/docs/391/4/10/09.pdf</ref> and Ohio | |||
| <ref name='ref 5'> Ohio DNR: http://www.dnr.state.oh.us/Default.aspx?tabid=22420</ref> | |||
| , and extirpated in Indiana<ref name='ref 6'> Indiana DNR: http://www.dearbornswcd.org/Wildlife/RareAnimalsFax.pdf</ref>. This could potentially be due to destruction of their preferred habitat, as industrialisation (i.e. logging, damming, strip mining) continues, although a better culprit may be due to the influx of invasive species<ref name='ref 7'> Simon, TP. 2006. Biodiversity of fishes in the Wabash River: status, indicators and threats. ''Proceedings of the Indiana Aacademy of Science'', 115(2), 136-148.</ref>. | |||
| == Ecology == | == Ecology == | ||
| Popeye shiners are freshwater ]. They consume ], including ], ], ], and ].<ref name=etnier>Etnier, D.A. and W.C. Starnes. 1993. The fishes of Tennessee. The University of Tennessee Press, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA.</ref> These ] fish are found in temperate waters,<ref name=fishbase/> particularly large creeks and small rivers that are extremely clear<ref>Trautman, M. B. 1981 The Fishes of Ohio. Ohio State University Press, Columbus, OH.</ref> and have gravel bottoms.<ref name=etnier/> The bodies of water in which they are found also tend to have slow to moderate flow.<ref name=dnrprofile/> | |||
| ⚫ | It is precisely the water flow and preferred clarity of water that makes survival difficult. Since |
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| ⚫ | |||
| ⚫ | It is precisely the water flow and preferred clarity of water that makes survival difficult. Since the popeye shiner lives in pristine clear water, any contamination may adversely affect this property and subsequently diminish the ability of these fish to thrive. ] may lead to ] as well as ] due to increased ] as a result of agricultural practices. Over time, the erosion will create an unsuitable habitat for the popeye shiner, and ] will decrease. Another source of ] includes ]. Based on the size of the streams the popeye shiner inhabits, it has likely been exposed to more of these negative impacts than other fish.<ref name=gilbert/> | ||
| ⚫ | Similarly, the rate at which these bodies of water flow is in jeopardy. Popeye shiners inhabit slowly or moderately flowing rivers or creeks. The industrial practice of building dams may result in a modification of the flow, and, like increased siltation, transform rivers into unsuitable habitats for the popeye shiner.{{citation needed|date=April 2014}} | ||
| == Life History == | |||
| ⚫ | The minnows spawn in the spring or summer. Other aspects of their life history are relatively unknown. |
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| == |
== Life history == | ||
| ⚫ | The minnows spawn in the spring or summer. Other aspects of their life history are relatively unknown.<ref name=dnrprofile/> | ||
| Despite being listed as endangered in Ohio and Georgia and extirpated in Indiana, very little is being done to manage ''Notropis ariommus''. | |||
| Biologically, the greatest threat to these fish is an influx of exotic fish species<ref name='ref 7'> Simon, TP. 2006. Biodiversity of fishes in the Wabash River: status, indicators and threats. ''Proceedings of the Indiana Aacademy of Science'', 115(2), 136-148</ref>. In Indiana, an influx of Asiatic carps (''Ctenopharyngodon idella''), bighead (''Hypothalmichthys nobilis''), and silver carps (''Hypothalmichthys molitrix'') are more than likely at least partially responisble for the total extirpation of ''Notropis ariommus''. | |||
| ⚫ | |||
| == |
== Current management == | ||
| Popeye shiners are listed as endangered by Georgia<ref> {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120425234310/http://rules.sos.state.ga.us/docs/391/4/10/09.pdf |date=2012-04-25 }} ''Georgia Secretary of State.'' Retrieved 22 November 2011.</ref> and Ohio,<ref name=dnrprofile> ''Ohio Department of Natural Resources''. Retrieved 22 November 2011.</ref> and extirpated in Indiana.<ref> {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120425234307/http://www.dearbornswcd.org/Wildlife/RareAnimalsFax.pdf |date=2012-04-25 }} ''Indiana Division of Fish and Wildlife.'' Revised August 2002.</ref> This could potentially be due to destruction of their preferred habitat, as industrialization (i.e. logging, damming, strip mining) continues, although a better culprit may be due to the influx of invasive species.<ref name=simon>Simon, TP. 2006. Biodiversity of fishes in the Wabash River: status, indicators and threats. ''Proceedings of the Indiana Academy of Science'', 115(2), 136–148.</ref> | |||
| The primary recommendation in monitoring ''Notropis ariommus'' is to determine life history events. A prominent concern with any species should be reproductive habits, especially in a species where nothing is concretely known. However, to manage abundance, a method to monitor ''Notropis ariommus'' is necessary. To measure the amount in a given area, it is suggested to follow the methods set forth by Cavendish and Rice, 1997<ref name='ref 11'> Cavendar, TM, and DL Rice. 1997. Survey and analysis of the Scioto Brush Creek drainage fish fauna of Southern Ohio''. Ohio Journal of Science, 97, 78-85</ref>. The means of accomplishing this include setting up a net and allowing the fish to swim into it, and taking count of the collection. Sampling would take place in areas with known populations of ''Notropis ariommus'', and would take place every fall. In doing this, the scientific community would also gather much more information in general about the fish, including specific main predators and competitors. | |||
| Lastly, in habitats known to contain endangered species, the area should be protected by governmental bodies, and meticulously counted. Also, regulation of agriculture and industrialization needs to take place in an effort to not only protect ''Notropis ariommus'', but also every other species in danger. | |||
| Very little is being done to manage the Popeye shiner.{{citation needed|date=April 2014}} A major threat to these fish is an influx of exotic fish species.<ref name=simon/> In Indiana, an influx of three species of ]—] (''Ctenopharyngodon idella''), ] (''Hypothalmichthys nobilis''), and ] (''Hypothalmichthys molitrix'')—likely contributed to the total extirpation of the Popeye shiner. | |||
| ⚫ | Ohio has a program that strives to protect and restore stream habitats of native species that are endangered or threatened in some way. This program is known as the Division of Wildlife's Stream Conservation Program.<ref> ''Ohio Department of Natural Resources''. Retrieved 22 November 2011.</ref> The intent of this program is to assess and record the number of species deemed "Species of Greatest Conservation Need". | ||
| == References == | == References == | ||
| {{Reflist}} | |||
| <references/> | |||
| {{Taxonbar|from=Q3754783}} | |||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
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Latest revision as of 06:23, 14 November 2024
Species of fish
| Popeye shiner | |
|---|---|
| |
| Conservation status | |
 Least Concern (IUCN 3.1) | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Order: | Cypriniformes |
| Family: | Cyprinidae |
| Subfamily: | Leuciscinae |
| Clade: | Pogonichthyinae |
| Genus: | Notropis |
| Species: | N. ariommus |
| Binomial name | |
| Notropis ariommus (Cope, 1867) | |
| Synonyms | |
|
Photogenis ariommus Cope, 1867 | |
The popeye shiner (Notropis ariommus) is a North American species of freshwater cyprinid fish.
Geographic distribution
The popeye shiner is native to the United States, particularly the Ohio River basin and the Tennessee River drainage, spanning the states of Alabama, Georgia, Indiana, Kentucky, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, and West Virginia. Specific locations include the Tennessee River in Alabama and Georgia; the Wabash River in Indiana; and the Cheat River, Kanawha River (non-native), and New River in West Virginia. Between 1894 and 1949, only three specimens had been definitively identified. Later, however, the number of Popeye shiners began to increase, even in places that had been well documented previously and showed no trace of the Popeye shiner.
Ecology
Popeye shiners are freshwater insectivores. They consume aquatic insects, including midges, caddisflies, mayflies, and beetles. These benthopelagic fish are found in temperate waters, particularly large creeks and small rivers that are extremely clear and have gravel bottoms. The bodies of water in which they are found also tend to have slow to moderate flow.
It is precisely the water flow and preferred clarity of water that makes survival difficult. Since the popeye shiner lives in pristine clear water, any contamination may adversely affect this property and subsequently diminish the ability of these fish to thrive. Industrialization may lead to sedimentation as well as siltation due to increased runoff as a result of agricultural practices. Over time, the erosion will create an unsuitable habitat for the popeye shiner, and species abundance will decrease. Another source of habitat destruction includes pollution. Based on the size of the streams the popeye shiner inhabits, it has likely been exposed to more of these negative impacts than other fish.
Similarly, the rate at which these bodies of water flow is in jeopardy. Popeye shiners inhabit slowly or moderately flowing rivers or creeks. The industrial practice of building dams may result in a modification of the flow, and, like increased siltation, transform rivers into unsuitable habitats for the popeye shiner.
Life history
The minnows spawn in the spring or summer. Other aspects of their life history are relatively unknown.
Current management
Popeye shiners are listed as endangered by Georgia and Ohio, and extirpated in Indiana. This could potentially be due to destruction of their preferred habitat, as industrialization (i.e. logging, damming, strip mining) continues, although a better culprit may be due to the influx of invasive species.
Very little is being done to manage the Popeye shiner. A major threat to these fish is an influx of exotic fish species. In Indiana, an influx of three species of Asian carp—grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella), bighead carp (Hypothalmichthys nobilis), and silver carp (Hypothalmichthys molitrix)—likely contributed to the total extirpation of the Popeye shiner.
Ohio has a program that strives to protect and restore stream habitats of native species that are endangered or threatened in some way. This program is known as the Division of Wildlife's Stream Conservation Program. The intent of this program is to assess and record the number of species deemed "Species of Greatest Conservation Need".
References
- NatureServe (2014). "Notropis ariommus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2014: e.T202286A19033448. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2014-3.RLTS.T202286A19033448.en. Retrieved 12 November 2021.
- ^ Gilbert, CR. 1969 Systematics and distribution of the American cyprinid fishes Notropis ariommus and Notropis telescopus. Copeia.
- ^ Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Notropis ariommus". FishBase. November 2011 version.
- Stauffer, JR, JM Boltz, and LR White. 1995. Fishes of West Virginia. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. 146: 1–389
- ^ Etnier, D.A. and W.C. Starnes. 1993. The fishes of Tennessee. The University of Tennessee Press, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA.
- Trautman, M. B. 1981 The Fishes of Ohio. Ohio State University Press, Columbus, OH.
- ^ Popeye Shiner Ohio Department of Natural Resources. Retrieved 22 November 2011.
- Protected Species of Plants and Animals Archived 2012-04-25 at the Wayback Machine Georgia Secretary of State. Retrieved 22 November 2011.
- Rare Animals of Indiana Archived 2012-04-25 at the Wayback Machine Indiana Division of Fish and Wildlife. Revised August 2002.
- ^ Simon, TP. 2006. Biodiversity of fishes in the Wabash River: status, indicators and threats. Proceedings of the Indiana Academy of Science, 115(2), 136–148.
- Stream Aquatic Diversity Ohio Department of Natural Resources. Retrieved 22 November 2011.
| Taxon identifiers | |
|---|---|
| Notropis ariommus | |