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{{Infobox organization
The '''Danzig Research Society''' ({{lang-de|Naturforschende Gesellschaft in Danzig}}, ]: Societas Physicae Experimentalis, ]: Gdańskie Towarzystwo Przyrodnicze) was founded in ] in the city of Danzig (]), then in the ], which at that time was ruled by ], ] and ].
|image = Dom Przyrodników od strony Długiego Pobrzeża.jpg
|caption = Seat of the organization in 1846–1936
|logo =
|logo_caption =
|name = Danzig Research Society
|formation = 1743
|location_city= ]
|founder = ]
|dissolved = 1936
|coordinates = {{coord|54.349|N|18.657|E|display=inline,title}}
|website =
}}


The Experimental Physics Society (Societas Physicae Experimentalis), later renamed Natural Scientific Society (Naturforschende Gesellschaft) was one of the oldest research societies in Central and Eastern Europe. The '''Naturforschende Gesellschaft in Danzig''' (translated '''Danzig Research Society''', {{langx|la|Societas Physicae Experimentalis}}, {{langx|pl|Gdańskie Towarzystwo Przyrodnicze}}) was a scientific organization, founded in 1743 in Danzig (]), ], which continued in existence until 1936. The ''Societas Physicae Experimentalis'' (Experimental Physics Society) was one of the oldest research societies in the ] and in ].


==History==
In ] the physician ] (1634–1715) had tried to organize a scientific society in Danzig, without success yet. Several others tried after him, until the ] ] (1708–1767) finally succeeded. His father-in-law was ] (1685–1759), a city secretary and also a very distinguished scientist, nicknamed ''Gedanensium ]''. Already in 1670, the physician ] (1634–1715) had tried to organize a scientific society in the city, without success. Several others tried after him, until ] (1708–1767) finally succeeded. His father-in-law was ] (1685–1759), a city secretary and also a very distinguished scientist, nicknamed ''Gedanensium Plinius''.


], seat of the organization from 1746 to 1846]]
At the end of ], Gralath had gathered a group of learned men for his purpose, an ''Experimental Physics Society'' (Societas Physicae Experimentalis), one of the oldest research societies in German-speaking parts of Europe. The first organizing meeting took place on ] ], the first scientific meeting was called on ] ]. The aim of the Society was to practice and popularize science, among others through weekly public demonstrations of the most interesting experiments in physics. Since ] these took place in the Great Hall of the ''Green Gate'' building. Gralath also became ''Ratsherr'' (councilman) and, in 1763, ''Bürgermeister'' (mayor) of Danzig. At the end of 1742, Gralath had gathered a group of learned men for his purpose, an ''Experimental Physics Society'' (Societas Physicae Experimentalis), one of the oldest research societies of its type. The first organizing meeting took place on 7 November 1742, the first scientific meeting was called on 2 January 1743. The aim of the Society was to practice and popularize science, among others through weekly public demonstrations of the most interesting experiments in physics. Often the effects of ] were studied, with the help of the ]. Since 1746 these took place in the Great Hall of the ]. Gralath also became a ] and, in 1763, mayor of Danzig. The Society was also supported by Polish King ].


Known members were ], ], ], ], who wrote the ''Geschichte der Teutschen'', also ] and the ] ].
]


The sessions of the Society were also attended by many famous persons of the ] like ] ], ], ].
⚫ In ] the society was located in a ]-era building at the Mottlau (]), an arm of the ] River. In ] ] accompanied ] ] on the way to ] (Kaliningrad), and Humboldt received an honorary membership in the Society. Later, the society offered Humboldt stipends. The collections of the Society were displayed in the West-Prussian Provincial Museum located at the ''Green Gate''.


After the annexation of the city by ] in the ] and during the ], the organization fell into such decline that in 1812 it was proposed to dissolve it, however, several members decided to continue its activity.<ref name=uni/>
After 200 years of existence, the society ceased to exist when the German citizens of the ] had to leave. Also, its building and was destroyed during the ] offensive in ], two years after the 200th anniversary.


⚫ In 1840 ] accompanied ] ] on the way to ], and Humboldt received an honorary membership in the Society. Later, the society offered Humboldt stipends. The collections of the Society were displayed in the ] Museum located at the Green Gate.
⚫ The building at the Motława river was rebuilt after the war. It houses an today.


In 1845 the society was located in a ]-era building at the ], an arm of the ] River. The new seat housed research facilities, a small museum and a library, and was decorated with portraits of former prominent members of the organization, as well as a portrait of ], and a bust of ] received as a gift from Polish King ] in the 18th century.<ref name=arc>{{cite web|url=https://archeologia.pl/oddzialy/dom-przyrodnikow|title=Główny Gmach MAG - Dom Przyrodników|website=Muzeum Archeologiczne w Gdańsku|access-date=2 January 2021|language=pl}}</ref> In 1866, an astronomical observatory was placed in its tower.<ref name=arc/>
⚫ == References ==
⚫ *
⚫ * E. Schumann, ''History of the Research Society in Danzig 1743–1892'' (''Geschichte der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft in Danzig 1743–1892'')
⚫ * {{en icon}}


After 200 years of existence, the society ceased to exist in 1936. The building and many priceless valuables<ref name=uni>{{Cite web |url=http://staff-www.uni-marburg.de/~gornig/danzig/geschichte.htm |title=Geschichte der Danziger Naturforschenden Gesellschaft<!-- Bot generated title --> |access-date=2006-03-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050131091324/http://staff-www.uni-marburg.de/~gornig/danzig/geschichte.htm |archive-date=2005-01-31 |url-status=dead }}</ref> were destroyed during the ] offensive in 1945, two years after the 200th anniversary.


⚫ The building at the Motława river was rebuilt after the war. It houses an Archaeological Museum today.<ref name=arc/>
⚫ ]

⚫ ]
⚫ == References ==
]
{{Reflist}}
]
⚫ *
⚫ * E. Schumann, ''History of the Research Society in Danzig 1743–1892'' (''Geschichte der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft in Danzig 1743–1892'')
⚫ * {{in lang|en}}
* Naturforschende Gesellschaft in Dantzig (1747), {{Google books|id=fcJlAAAAcAAJ|title=Versuche und Abhandlungen der naturforschenden Gesellschaft in Dantzig}}


{{Gdańsk}}
{{Authority control}}


]
]
⚫ ]
] ]
⚫ ]
]
]
]
]

Latest revision as of 05:56, 25 October 2024

Danzig Research Society
Seat of the organization in 1846–1936
Formation1743
FounderDaniel Gralath
Dissolved1936
Location
Coordinates54°20′56″N 18°39′25″E / 54.349°N 18.657°E / 54.349; 18.657

The Naturforschende Gesellschaft in Danzig (translated Danzig Research Society, Latin: Societas Physicae Experimentalis, Polish: Gdańskie Towarzystwo Przyrodnicze) was a scientific organization, founded in 1743 in Danzig (Gdańsk), Poland, which continued in existence until 1936. The Societas Physicae Experimentalis (Experimental Physics Society) was one of the oldest research societies in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth and in Central and Eastern Europe.

History

Already in 1670, the physician Israel Conradi (1634–1715) had tried to organize a scientific society in the city, without success. Several others tried after him, until Daniel Gralath (1708–1767) finally succeeded. His father-in-law was Jacob Theodor Klein (1685–1759), a city secretary and also a very distinguished scientist, nicknamed Gedanensium Plinius.

Green Gate, seat of the organization from 1746 to 1846

At the end of 1742, Gralath had gathered a group of learned men for his purpose, an Experimental Physics Society (Societas Physicae Experimentalis), one of the oldest research societies of its type. The first organizing meeting took place on 7 November 1742, the first scientific meeting was called on 2 January 1743. The aim of the Society was to practice and popularize science, among others through weekly public demonstrations of the most interesting experiments in physics. Often the effects of electricity were studied, with the help of the Leyden jar. Since 1746 these took place in the Great Hall of the Green Gate. Gralath also became a councilman and, in 1763, mayor of Danzig. The Society was also supported by Polish King Stanisław August Poniatowski.

Known members were Nathanael Matthaeus von Wolf, Michael Christoph Hanow, Gottfried Lengnich, Johann Jacob Mascov, who wrote the Geschichte der Teutschen, also Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit and the prince-bishop Adam Stanisław Grabowski.

The sessions of the Society were also attended by many famous persons of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth like Great Lithuanian Hetman Michał Kazimierz "Rybeńko" Radziwiłł, August Fryderyk Moszyński, Joachim Chreptowicz.

After the annexation of the city by Prussia in the Second Partition of Poland and during the Napoleonic Wars, the organization fell into such decline that in 1812 it was proposed to dissolve it, however, several members decided to continue its activity.

In 1840 Alexander von Humboldt accompanied Prussian King Frederick William IV on the way to Königsberg, and Humboldt received an honorary membership in the Society. Later, the society offered Humboldt stipends. The collections of the Society were displayed in the West-Prussian Provincial Museum located at the Green Gate.

In 1845 the society was located in a Renaissance-era building at the Motława, an arm of the Vistula River. The new seat housed research facilities, a small museum and a library, and was decorated with portraits of former prominent members of the organization, as well as a portrait of Nicolaus Copernicus, and a bust of Johannes Hevelius received as a gift from Polish King Stanisław August Poniatowski in the 18th century. In 1866, an astronomical observatory was placed in its tower.

After 200 years of existence, the society ceased to exist in 1936. The building and many priceless valuables were destroyed during the Soviet offensive in 1945, two years after the 200th anniversary.

The building at the Motława river was rebuilt after the war. It houses an Archaeological Museum today.

References

  1. ^ "Geschichte der Danziger Naturforschenden Gesellschaft". Archived from the original on 2005-01-31. Retrieved 2006-03-08.
  2. ^ "Główny Gmach MAG - Dom Przyrodników". Muzeum Archeologiczne w Gdańsku (in Polish). Retrieved 2 January 2021.
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