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{{POV|date=August 2011}}
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The ''' 90th Anniversary of the Latvian Republic''' was celebrated in 2008.<ref>{{cite news |title=90th Anniversary of Latvia to be celebrated in Canada |author= |url=http://latvija90.leta.lv/en/jaunumi/90th-anniversary-of-latvia-to-be-celebrated-in-canada |newspaper=LETA |date=14.11.2008 |accessdate=18 August 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Latvia celebrates 90th birthday |author= |url=http://www.baltictimes.com/news/articles/21775/ The '''90th Anniversary of the Latvian Republic''' was celebrated in 2008.<ref>{{cite news |title=90th Anniversary of Latvia to be celebrated in Canada |url=http://latvija90.leta.lv/en/jaunumi/90th-anniversary-of-latvia-to-be-celebrated-in-canada |newspaper=LETA |date=2008-11-14 |access-date=18 August 2011}}{{Dead link|date=July 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Latvia celebrates 90th birthday |url=http://www.baltictimkoes.com/news/articles/21775/
|newspaper=The Baltic Times |date=Nov 18, 2008 |accessdate=18 August 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Latvia's 90th anniversary information tent on Riga's Dome Square this weekend |author= |url=http://latvija90.leta.lv/en/jaunumi/latvias-90th-anniversary-information-tent-on-rigas-dome-square-this-weekend |newspaper=LETA |date=14.08.2008 |accessdate=18 August 2011}}</ref> Proclaimed on November 18, 1918, the Latvian republic asserted independence from ]. International ''de jure'' recognition was obtained on January 26, 1921.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mfa.gov.lv/en/news/press-releases/2011/january/21-2/?print=on |title=Foreign Ministry to hold official events commemorating 90th anniversary of international de iure recognition of Republic of Latvia |author= |date=21 Jan 2011 |work= |publisher=Latvian Foreign Ministry |accessdate=21 August 2011}}</ref> |newspaper=The Baltic Times |date=Nov 18, 2008 |access-date=18 August 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Latvia's 90th anniversary information tent on Riga's Dome Square this weekend |url=http://latvija90.leta.lv/en/jaunumi/latvias-90th-anniversary-information-tent-on-rigas-dome-square-this-weekend |newspaper=LETA |date=2008-08-14 |access-date=29 January 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080818065341/http://latvija90.leta.lv/en/jaunumi/latvias-90th-anniversary-information-tent-on-rigas-dome-square-this-weekend |archive-date=August 18, 2008 }}</ref> Proclaimed on November 18, 1918, the Latvian republic asserted independence from ]. International ''de jure'' recognition was obtained on January 26, 1921.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mfa.gov.lv/en/news/press-releases/2011/january/21-2/?print=on |title=Foreign Ministry to hold official events commemorating 90th anniversary of international de iure recognition of Republic of Latvia |date=21 Jan 2011 |publisher=Latvian Foreign Ministry |access-date=21 August 2011}}</ref>


In addition to the various domestic and international events organised to celebrate the anniversary, a commentrative stamp and coin were issued to mark the occasion. Various governments issued proclamations congratulating the Latvian republic; The US resolution, backed by ], was unique in that it both congratulated Latvia on the eve of the 90th anniversary of its independence and called for the US president to push Russia to admit the illegality of the Soviet occupation.<ref>{{cite news |title=Obama backs U.S. bill condemning Soviets |author=Monika Hanley |url= |newspaper=Baltic Times |date=17.08.2008 |accessdate=}}</ref> The 90th anniversary prompted the publication in 2010 of an academic retrospective of the Latvia nation state during the period of the ]<ref>{{cite book |editor1-first=D.J. |editor1-last=Smith |editor1-link= |others=D.J. Galbreath, G. Swain |title=From Recognition to Restoration: Latvia's History as a Nation-State |trans_title= |url=http://eprints.gla.ac.uk/39318/ |series=On the boundary of two worlds |volume= |date= |year=2010 |publisher=Rodopi |location=Amsterdam |language= |isbn= 9789042030985 }}</ref> In addition to the various domestic and international events organised to celebrate the anniversary, a commemorative stamp and coin were issued to mark the occasion. Various governments issued proclamations congratulating the Latvian republic; The US resolution, backed by ], called for the US president to urge Russia to admit the illegality of the ]<!-- disambig page seems the most natural target as the reference discusses 50 and 51 years of duration, which would encompass the time frame of all those articles -->.<ref>{{cite news |title=Obama backs U.S. bill condemning Soviets |author=Monika Hanley |url=http://www.baltictimes.com/news/articles/21354/ |newspaper=Baltic Times |date=2008-08-17 }}</ref> The 90th anniversary prompted the publication in 2010 of an academic retrospective of the Latvia nation state during the period of the ]<ref>{{cite book |editor1-first=D. J. |editor1-last=Smith |others=D. J. Galbreath, G. Swain |title=From Recognition to Restoration: Latvia's History as a Nation-State |url=http://eprints.gla.ac.uk/39318/ |series=On the boundary of two worlds |year=2010 |publisher=Rodopi |location=Amsterdam |isbn= 978-90-420-3098-5 }}</ref>


==Domestic events== ==Domestic events==
The celebrations, which spanned the month of November, were broadcast live and viewed by a total of 1.34 million Latvian residents, culminating with over 500,000 viewing President ]' speech at the ] on November 18,<ref>{{cite news |title=1.34 million watched live broadcast celebrations of Latvia's 90th anniversary |author= |url=http://www.baltic-course.com/eng/baltic_news/?doc=2086 |newspaper=Baltic Course |date=25.11.2008 |accessdate=18 August 2011}}</ref> where a military parade was also held on that day.<ref>{{cite news |title=Latvia marks 90th anniversary of independence |author=Xinhuanet |url=http://en.ce.cn/World/pic-news/200811/19/t20081119_17428418.shtml |newspaper=China Economic Net |date=2008-11-19 |accessdate=18 August 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title= Latvia |last=Barlas |first=Robert |authorlink= |coauthors=Winnie Wong |year=2010 |publisher=Marshall Cavendish |location= |isbn= 9780761448570 |page=39 |pages= |url= |accessdate=}}</ref> The celebrations, which spanned the month of November, were broadcast live and viewed by a total of 1.34 million Latvian residents, culminating with over 500,000 viewing President ]' speech at the ] on November 18,<ref>{{cite news |title=1.34 million watched live broadcast celebrations of Latvia's 90th anniversary |url=http://www.baltic-course.com/eng/baltic_news/?doc=2086 |newspaper=Baltic Course |date=2008-11-25 |access-date=18 August 2011}}</ref> where a military parade was also held on that day.<ref>{{cite news |title=Latvia marks 90th anniversary of independence |author=Xinhuanet |url=http://en.ce.cn/World/pic-news/200811/19/t20081119_17428418.shtml |newspaper=China Economic Net |date=2008-11-19 |access-date=18 August 2011 |archive-date=2012-03-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120320035000/http://en.ce.cn/World/pic-news/200811/19/t20081119_17428418.shtml |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title= Latvia |last=Barlas |first=Robert |author2=Winnie Wong |year=2010 |publisher=Marshall Cavendish |isbn= 978-0-7614-4857-0 |page=39 }}</ref>


==International events== ==International events==
A number of cultural events were held in Russia. On November 8 a concert was held in Moscow by the Moscow Latvian Culture Society Choir. On November 11 on ] saw the Russian premiere of the Latvian feature film "]" at the ]. The acclaimed chamber orchestra "]", pianist ], cellist ] and mezzo-soprano ] performed.<ref>{{cite news |title=Latvia's 90th anniversary to be celebrated in Russia as well |author= |url=http://latvija90.leta.lv/en/jaunumi/latvias-90th-anniversary-to-be-celebrated-in-russia-as-well |newspaper=LETA |date=07.11.2008 |accessdate=18 August 2011}}</ref> A number of cultural events were held in Russia. On November 8 a concert was held in Moscow by the Moscow Latvian Culture Society Choir. On November 11 on ] saw the Russian premiere of the Latvian feature film "]" at the ]. The acclaimed chamber orchestra "]", pianist ], cellist ] and mezzo-soprano ] performed.<ref>{{cite news |title=Latvia's 90th anniversary to be celebrated in Russia as well |url=http://latvija90.leta.lv/en/jaunumi/latvias-90th-anniversary-to-be-celebrated-in-russia-as-well |newspaper=LETA |access-date=18 August 2011}}{{Dead link|date=July 2012}}</ref>


A concert program was held in the city of ] in ], where contemporary and traditional Latvian music was showcased.<ref>{{cite news |title=Vitebsk celebrates Latvia's 90th anniversary |author= |url=http://www.baltic-course.com/eng/baltic_news/?doc=2058 |newspaper=Baltic Course |date=21.11.2008 |accessdate=18 August 2011}}</ref> A concert program was held in the city of ] in ], where contemporary and traditional Latvian music was showcased.<ref>{{cite news |title=Vitebsk celebrates Latvia's 90th anniversary |url=http://www.baltic-course.com/eng/baltic_news/?doc=2058 |newspaper=Baltic Course |date=2008-11-21 |access-date=18 August 2011}}</ref>


In addition to a gift of historical documents from the archives of the ] related to ],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://riga.usembassy.gov/pr20081113.html |title=Hoover Institution Presents Archival Material to Latvia for the 90th Anniversary |author= |date=13.11.2008 |work= |publisher=US Gov |accessdate=26 August 2011}}</ref> the USA granted Latvia inclusion into the ].<ref>{{cite book |last1= Akule |first1= Dace |authorlink1= |last2= |first2= |authorlink2= |coauthors= |editor1-first=A. Wess |editor1-last= Mitchell |editor1-link= |others=Ted Reinert |title=Latvia |trans_title=U.S.-Central European Relations in the Age of Obama |url= |year= 2009 |month= |origyear= |publisher=Center for European Policy Analysis |isbn=9780982511718 |page=18 |pages= }}</ref> In addition to a gift of historical documents from the archives of the ] related to ],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://riga.usembassy.gov/pr20081113.html |title=Hoover Institution Presents Archival Material to Latvia for the 90th Anniversary |date=2008-11-13 |publisher=US Gov |access-date=26 August 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100527114447/http://riga.usembassy.gov/pr20081113.html |archive-date=May 27, 2010 }}</ref> the US granted Latvia inclusion into the ].<ref>{{cite book |last1= Akule |first1= Dace |editor1-first=A. Wess |editor1-last= Mitchell |others=Ted Reinert |title=Latvia |trans-title=U.S.-Central European Relations in the Age of Obama |year= 2009 |publisher=Center for European Policy Analysis |isbn=978-0-9825117-1-8 |page=18 }}</ref>


==United States resolution on the 90th anniversary of the Latvian Republic== ==United States resolution on the 90th anniversary of the Latvian Republic==
{{Wikisource|US Senate Resolution 87|US Senate Resolution 87}} {{Wikisource|US Senate Resolution 87|US Senate Resolution 87}}
In recognition the US Senate commemorated the event by resolution.<ref>{{cite news |title=Eksperts: ASV Senāta rezolūcija ir simbolisks žests Baltijas valstīm un signāls Maskavai |first= |last= |url=http://www.tvnet.lv/zinas/latvija/224804-eksperts_asv_senata_rezolucija_ir_simbolisks_zests_baltijas_valstim_un_signals_maskavai |newspaper=TVNET |date=18.09.2008 |accessdate=18 August 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=США решили, что советская "оккупация" стран Балтики была незаконной |first= |last= |url=http://www.pravda.ru/news/world/17-09-2008/283780-baltika-0/ |newspaper=Pravda |date=17.09.2008 |accessdate=31 August 2011}}</ref> The ''90th anniversary of the Latvian Republic resolution'' ({{USBill|110|S.Con.RES.|87}}) was submitted to the ] by Senator ] (R-]), during the ]. The resolution congratulated the people of Latvia on the 90th anniversary of Latvia's November 18, 1918, declaration of independence; commended the government of Latvia for its success in implementing political and economic reforms, for establishing political, religious and economic freedom, and for its commitment to human and civil rights; and called upon the ] and the Secretary of State to urge the government of the Russian Federation to acknowledge that the ] of ], ], and ] under the ] and for the succeeding 51 years was illegal. The resolution was introduced on June 9, 2008 and passed unanimously without amendment on September 16, 2008.<ref></ref> In recognition the US Senate commemorated the event by resolution.<ref>{{cite news |title=Eksperts: ASV Senāta rezolūcija ir simbolisks žests Baltijas valstīm un signāls Maskavai |url=http://www.tvnet.lv/zinas/latvija/224804-eksperts_asv_senata_rezolucija_ir_simbolisks_zests_baltijas_valstim_un_signals_maskavai |newspaper=TVNET |date=2008-09-18 |access-date=18 August 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=США решили, что советская "оккупация" стран Балтики была незаконной |url=http://www.pravda.ru/news/world/17-09-2008/283780-baltika-0/ |newspaper=Pravda |date=2008-09-17 |access-date=31 August 2011}}</ref> The ''90th anniversary of the Latvian Republic resolution'' ({{USBill|110|S.Con.RES.|87}}) was submitted to the ] by Senator ] (R-]), during the ]. The resolution congratulated the people of Latvia on the 90th anniversary of Latvia's November 18, 1918, declaration of independence; commended the government of Latvia for its success in implementing political and economic reforms, for establishing political, religious and economic freedom, and for its commitment to human and civil rights; and called upon the ] and the Secretary of State to urge the government of the Russian Federation to acknowledge that the ] of ], ], and ] under the ] and for the succeeding 51 years was illegal. The resolution was introduced on June 9, 2008, and passed unanimously without amendment on September 16, 2008.<ref> {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081007085839/http://www.opencongress.org/bill/110-sc87/show |date=2008-10-07 }}</ref>


===Co-sponsors=== ===Co-sponsors===
The resolution has 6 co-sponsors (in alphabetical order): The resolution has 6 co-sponsors (in alphabetical order):

* Sen. ] * Sen. ]
* Sen. ] * Sen. ]
* Sen. ] * Sen. ]
* Sen. ] * Sen. ]
* Sen. ] * Sen. ]
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==See also== ==See also==
*] * ]
* ]

⚫ == References ==
{{Reflist}}


== External links == == External links ==
* * {{Cite web |url=http://www.lv90.lv/?setlang=1 |title=Official website for the 90th Anniversary of Latvia |access-date=2011-08-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080902181028/http://www.lv90.lv/?setlang=1 |archive-date=2008-09-02 |url-status=dead}}
* {{Lv icon}} * {{Cite web |url=http://lv90.lv/files/LV90_kalendars.pdf |title=Officiel celebrations programme for all of Latvia |access-date=2017-08-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091128062716/http://lv90.lv/files/LV90_kalendars.pdf |archive-date=2009-11-28 |url-status=dead |language=lv}}
* * {{Cite web |url=http://latvija90.leta.lv/en/jaunumi |title=LETA press release overview |access-date=2011-08-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111128202112/http://latvija90.leta.lv/en/jaunumi |archive-date=2011-11-28 |url-status=dead}}

⚫ == References ==
{{reflist}}


⚫ ]
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] ]
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Latest revision as of 20:10, 17 November 2023

Commemorative coin celebrating Latvia's 90th Anniversary

The 90th Anniversary of the Latvian Republic was celebrated in 2008. Proclaimed on November 18, 1918, the Latvian republic asserted independence from Imperial Russia. International de jure recognition was obtained on January 26, 1921.

In addition to the various domestic and international events organised to celebrate the anniversary, a commemorative stamp and coin were issued to mark the occasion. Various governments issued proclamations congratulating the Latvian republic; The US resolution, backed by Barack Obama, called for the US president to urge Russia to admit the illegality of the Soviet occupation. The 90th anniversary prompted the publication in 2010 of an academic retrospective of the Latvia nation state during the period of the occupation of the Baltic states

Domestic events

The celebrations, which spanned the month of November, were broadcast live and viewed by a total of 1.34 million Latvian residents, culminating with over 500,000 viewing President Valdis Zatlers' speech at the Freedom Monument on November 18, where a military parade was also held on that day.

International events

A number of cultural events were held in Russia. On November 8 a concert was held in Moscow by the Moscow Latvian Culture Society Choir. On November 11 on Latvian Freedom Fighters' Remembrance Day saw the Russian premiere of the Latvian feature film "Defenders of Riga" at the Moscow Cinematography Center. The acclaimed chamber orchestra "Kremerata Baltica", pianist Vestards Šimkus, cellist Marta Sudraba and mezzo-soprano Baiba Berķe performed.

A concert program was held in the city of Vitebsk in Belarus, where contemporary and traditional Latvian music was showcased.

In addition to a gift of historical documents from the archives of the Hoover Institute related to Latvia–United States relations, the US granted Latvia inclusion into the Visa Waiver Program.

United States resolution on the 90th anniversary of the Latvian Republic

In recognition the US Senate commemorated the event by resolution. The 90th anniversary of the Latvian Republic resolution (S.Con.Res. 87) was submitted to the U.S. Senate by Senator Gordon Smith (R-OR), during the 110th United States Congress. The resolution congratulated the people of Latvia on the 90th anniversary of Latvia's November 18, 1918, declaration of independence; commended the government of Latvia for its success in implementing political and economic reforms, for establishing political, religious and economic freedom, and for its commitment to human and civil rights; and called upon the US President and the Secretary of State to urge the government of the Russian Federation to acknowledge that the Soviet occupation of Latvia, Estonia, and Lithuania under the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact and for the succeeding 51 years was illegal. The resolution was introduced on June 9, 2008, and passed unanimously without amendment on September 16, 2008.

Co-sponsors

The resolution has 6 co-sponsors (in alphabetical order):

See also

References

  1. "90th Anniversary of Latvia to be celebrated in Canada". LETA. 2008-11-14. Retrieved 18 August 2011.
  2. "Latvia celebrates 90th birthday". The Baltic Times. Nov 18, 2008. Retrieved 18 August 2011.
  3. "Latvia's 90th anniversary information tent on Riga's Dome Square this weekend". LETA. 2008-08-14. Archived from the original on August 18, 2008. Retrieved 29 January 2016.
  4. "Foreign Ministry to hold official events commemorating 90th anniversary of international de iure recognition of Republic of Latvia". Latvian Foreign Ministry. 21 Jan 2011. Retrieved 21 August 2011.
  5. Monika Hanley (2008-08-17). "Obama backs U.S. bill condemning Soviets". Baltic Times.
  6. Smith, D. J., ed. (2010). From Recognition to Restoration: Latvia's History as a Nation-State. On the boundary of two worlds. D. J. Galbreath, G. Swain. Amsterdam: Rodopi. ISBN 978-90-420-3098-5.
  7. "1.34 million watched live broadcast celebrations of Latvia's 90th anniversary". Baltic Course. 2008-11-25. Retrieved 18 August 2011.
  8. Xinhuanet (2008-11-19). "Latvia marks 90th anniversary of independence". China Economic Net. Archived from the original on 2012-03-20. Retrieved 18 August 2011.
  9. Barlas, Robert; Winnie Wong (2010). Latvia. Marshall Cavendish. p. 39. ISBN 978-0-7614-4857-0.
  10. "Latvia's 90th anniversary to be celebrated in Russia as well". LETA. Retrieved 18 August 2011.
  11. "Vitebsk celebrates Latvia's 90th anniversary". Baltic Course. 2008-11-21. Retrieved 18 August 2011.
  12. "Hoover Institution Presents Archival Material to Latvia for the 90th Anniversary". US Gov. 2008-11-13. Archived from the original on May 27, 2010. Retrieved 26 August 2011.
  13. Akule, Dace (2009). Mitchell, A. Wess (ed.). Latvia [U.S.-Central European Relations in the Age of Obama]. Ted Reinert. Center for European Policy Analysis. p. 18. ISBN 978-0-9825117-1-8.
  14. "Eksperts: ASV Senāta rezolūcija ir simbolisks žests Baltijas valstīm un signāls Maskavai". TVNET. 2008-09-18. Retrieved 18 August 2011.
  15. "США решили, что советская "оккупация" стран Балтики была незаконной". Pravda. 2008-09-17. Retrieved 31 August 2011.
  16. opencongress.org Archived 2008-10-07 at the Wayback Machine

External links

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