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| {{Short description|Method of language teaching}} | |||
| {{context|date=April 2012}} | |||
| {{notability|date=April 2012}} | |||
| {{ref improve|date=April 2012}} | {{ref improve|date=April 2012}} | ||
| '''Recasts''' are a language learning technique. | |||
| A '''recast''' is a technique used in ] to correct learners' errors in such a way that ] is not obstructed. To ''recast'' an error, an interlocutor will repeat the error back to the learner in a corrected form. Recasts are used both by teachers in formal educational settings, and by interlocutors in naturalistic ]. | |||
| ⚫ | Recasts can be used by adults to improve children's native language skills. A frequently used technique is for the adult to imitate the child's speech. In this form of recast, the adult repeats the child's incorrect phrases in correct form. This enables the child to learn the correct pronunciation, grammar and sentence structure.<ref>{{cite book|author=Saxton, Matthew|title=Child Language: Acquisition and Development|publisher=Sage Publications Ltd|year=2010|pages= |
||
| == Child language acquisition == | |||
| ⚫ | |||
| ⚫ | Recasts can be used by adults to improve children's native language skills. A frequently used technique is for the adult to imitate the child's speech. In this form of recast, the adult repeats the child's incorrect phrases in correct form. This enables the child to learn the correct pronunciation, grammar and sentence structure.<ref>{{cite book|author=Saxton, Matthew|title=Child Language: Acquisition and Development|publisher=Sage Publications Ltd|year=2010|pages=94–95}}</ref> | ||
| A typical recast might be: | |||
| == Language education == | |||
| ⚫ | * |
||
| ⚫ | * |
||
| Recasts can be used for teaching second languages. Sometimes, the teacher will repeat the words back to the student, usually with different intonation or form, or as a question, so that the recasting appears as a continuation of the conversation: | |||
| For example, in German: | |||
| * Student: "Ich möchte haben ein Stift." | |||
| * Teacher: "Du möchtest einen Stift haben?" | |||
| Here, the teacher has corrected the student's incorrect positioning of the infinitive "haben" and their declension of the indefinite article "ein". | |||
| ⚫ | In this form the recast is usually more than a simple repeating of the learner's words. The teacher will correct the student's errors but also extend the learning by adding additional words or phrases. | ||
| A further example, in English: | |||
| ⚫ | * Student: "I want eat." | ||
| ⚫ | * Teacher: "What do you want to eat?" | ||
| In this example the teacher is making the correction to the student's speech (adding a "to") but also extending the learning by asking a question. | In this example the teacher is making the correction to the student's speech (adding a "to") but also extending the learning by asking a question. | ||
| == Efficacy == | |||
| Some researchers into second language learning have challenged the degree of effectiveness of recasts drawing attention to the abilities of the learner<ref name="EllisSheen2006">{{cite journal|last1=Ellis|first1=Rod|last2=Sheen|first2=Younghee|title=Reexamining the Role of Recasts in Second Language Acquisition|journal=Studies in Second Language Acquisition|volume=28|issue=4|pages=575–600|year=2006|issn=0272-2631|doi=10.1017/S027226310606027X|s2cid=145213635 }}</ref> and the limitations imposed by the learner only being able to repeat the words of the teacher<ref>{{cite journal|title=Recast and Its Impact on Second Language Acquisition|author=Sasan Baleghizadeh; Heidar Abdi|url=http://www.ijls.net/volumes/volume4issue4/baleghizadeh3.pdf|accessdate=2012-04-13|journal=International Journal of Language Studies|volume=4|number=4|pages=57–68|year=2010|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120617003650/http://www.ijls.net/volumes/volume4issue4/baleghizadeh3.pdf|archivedate=2012-06-17}}</ref> as factors that have not been accounted for by proponents of the method. | |||
| == |
== See also == | ||
| *] | |||
| *] | |||
| ==References== | |||
| {{reflist}} | {{reflist}} | ||
| ] | ] | ||
Latest revision as of 14:44, 18 February 2024
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A recast is a technique used in language teaching to correct learners' errors in such a way that communication is not obstructed. To recast an error, an interlocutor will repeat the error back to the learner in a corrected form. Recasts are used both by teachers in formal educational settings, and by interlocutors in naturalistic language acquisition.
Child language acquisition
Recasts can be used by adults to improve children's native language skills. A frequently used technique is for the adult to imitate the child's speech. In this form of recast, the adult repeats the child's incorrect phrases in correct form. This enables the child to learn the correct pronunciation, grammar and sentence structure.
Language education
Recasts can be used for teaching second languages. Sometimes, the teacher will repeat the words back to the student, usually with different intonation or form, or as a question, so that the recasting appears as a continuation of the conversation:
For example, in German:
- Student: "Ich möchte haben ein Stift."
- Teacher: "Du möchtest einen Stift haben?"
Here, the teacher has corrected the student's incorrect positioning of the infinitive "haben" and their declension of the indefinite article "ein".
In this form the recast is usually more than a simple repeating of the learner's words. The teacher will correct the student's errors but also extend the learning by adding additional words or phrases.
A further example, in English:
- Student: "I want eat."
- Teacher: "What do you want to eat?"
In this example the teacher is making the correction to the student's speech (adding a "to") but also extending the learning by asking a question.
Efficacy
Some researchers into second language learning have challenged the degree of effectiveness of recasts drawing attention to the abilities of the learner and the limitations imposed by the learner only being able to repeat the words of the teacher as factors that have not been accounted for by proponents of the method.
See also
References
- Saxton, Matthew (2010). Child Language: Acquisition and Development. Sage Publications Ltd. pp. 94–95.
- Ellis, Rod; Sheen, Younghee (2006). "Reexamining the Role of Recasts in Second Language Acquisition". Studies in Second Language Acquisition. 28 (4): 575–600. doi:10.1017/S027226310606027X. ISSN 0272-2631. S2CID 145213635.
- Sasan Baleghizadeh; Heidar Abdi (2010). "Recast and Its Impact on Second Language Acquisition" (PDF). International Journal of Language Studies. 4 (4): 57–68. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-06-17. Retrieved 2012-04-13.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)