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{{Short description|British academic}}
'''Andrew Pickering''' is a sociologist and historian of science at the University of Illinois, Urbana. . He holds a doctorate in physics from the ], and a doctorate in Science Studies from the ]. His book "Constructing Quarks: A Sociological History of Particle Physics" is a classic in the field of the ]. He also authored ''The mangle of practice: Time, agency and science'' (University of Chicago Press, 1995).He is currently working on a book on the postwar social history of cybernetics.
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{{Infobox scholar
| name = Andrew Pickering
| image = Andrew Pickering.jpg
| imagesize =
| alt =
| caption = Andrew Pickering, 2011
| fullname =
| othernames =
| birth_name = <!-- Use only if different from full/othernames -->
| birth_date = 1948 <!-- {{Birth date and age|df=yes|YYYY|MM|DD}} -->
| birth_place =
| death_date =
| death_place =
| death_cause =
| era =
| region =
| alma_mater =
| school_tradition =
| main_interests = Sociology of science
| principal_ideas =
| major_works = ''Constructing Quarks: A Sociological History of Particle Physics''; ''The cybernetic brain: sketches of another future''.
| awards =
| influences =
| influenced =
| footnotes =
}}
'''Andrew Pickering''' (born 1948) is a British sociologist, philosopher and ] at the ]. He was a professor of sociology and a director of science and technology studies at the ] until 2007. He holds a doctorate in physics from the ], and a doctorate in Science Studies from the ].<ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://www.era.lib.ed.ac.uk/handle/1842/18545|title=History of particle physics : a sociological analysis|last=Pickering|first=A. R.|date=1983|website=Edinburgh Research Archive|hdl=1842/18545 |access-date=20 March 2018}}</ref> His book ''Constructing Quarks: A Sociological History of Particle Physics'' (1984){{Ref_label|a|a|none}} is a classic in the field of the ].


== Career ==
]
In elucidating some of the sociological factors prevailing in particle physics, Pickering also wrote a number of papers for journals and conferences.<ref name=Pickering1981/><ref name=Pickering1983/><ref name=Pickering1984/><ref name=Pickering&Trower1985/> According to Pickering, theory and experiment come in packages, and traditions of experiment generate just the kind of data which will fuel further theorising, while traditions of theory generate new problems for further development.<ref name=Pickering1983p12/>

Pickering thus described two theoretical frameworks in particle physics: 'old physics' – which at the time of its death, was "still alive"<ref name=Pickering1983p12/> – dominated high energy physics through the 1960s and into the early 1970s, and concerned itself with 'common phenomena'. 'New physics' refers to the theory and experiment 'package' concerned with rare phenomena, such as the search for quarks. While each theoretical framework had little to say about the other, and "was useless in the phenomenal world of its rival",<ref name=Pickering1983p12/> each was satisfactory in its own terms. Despite this, Pickering also outlined a process of "magical transmutation", where new theories are produced from old, by what he called "analogical recycling".<ref name=Pickering1981p11/> Pickering noted that all this is symptomatic of ].<ref name=Pickering1983p12/>

He authored ''The mangle of practice: Time, agency and science'' (University of Chicago Press, 1995), where he develops a performative conception of scientific practice, focusing on non-human agency and strongly contributing to the posthumanist trend of Science and Technology Studies. His most recent book, ''The Cybernetic Brain: Sketches of Another Future'' traces the history of British Cybernetics after the Second World War. Pickering considers ] as a type of nomad science that, instead of seeking to dominate reality as its modern counterpart (thus leading to processes of enframing, following Heidegger) rather develops an ontological theatre between humans and non-humans. In this book, Pickering explores projects that intertwine, for instance, technology, psychiatry, spirituality, education and, of course, brain sciences.

== Selected publications ==

=== Books ===
* {{cite book | last = Pickering | first = Andrew | title = The Mangle of Practice: Time, Agency, and Science | publisher = ] | location = Chicago, Illinois | year = 1995 | isbn = 9780226668031 }}
* {{cite book | last = Pickering | first = Andrew | title = Constructing Quarks: A Sociological History of Particle Physics | publisher = ] Wiley | location = Chicago, Illinois Chichester | year = 1999 | isbn = 9780226667997 }}
* {{cite book | last1 = Pickering | first1 = Andrew | last2 = Guzik | first2 = Keith
| title = The Mangle in Practice: Science, Society, and Becoming | publisher = Duke University Press | location = Durham, North Carolina | year = 2008 | isbn = 9780822390107 }}
* {{cite book | last = Pickering | first = Andrew | title = The Cybernetic Brain: Sketches of Another Future | publisher = ] | location = Chicago, Illinois | year = 2010 | isbn = 9780226667898 }}

=== Chapters in books ===
* {{citation | last = Pickering | first = Andrew | contribution = Interests and Analogies | editor-last1 = Barnes | editor-first1 = Barry | editor-last2 = Edge | editor-first2 = David O. | editor-link1 = S. Barry Barnes | title = Science in Context: Readings in the Sociology of Science | pages = 125–146 | publisher = ] | location = Cambridge, Massachusetts | year = 1982 | isbn = 9780262520768 }}
* {{citation | last = Pickering | first = Andrew | contribution = Elementary Particles: Discovered or Constructed? | editor-last1 = Trower | editor-first1 = W. Peter | editor-last2 = Bellini | editor-first2 = Gianpaolo | title = Physics in Collision: High-Energy ee/ep/pp Interactions, volume 1 | pages = 439–448 | publisher = Plenum Press | location = New York, New York | year = 1982 | isbn = 9780306409967 }}
* {{citation | last = Pickering | first =Andrew | contribution = From Science As Knowledge to Science As Practice | editor-last = Pickering | editor-first = Andrew | title = Science As Practice and Culture | pages = 1–28 | publisher = ] | location = Chicago, Illinois | year = 1992 | isbn = 9780226668017 }}
* {{citation | last1 = Pickering | first1 =Andrew | last2 = Stephanides | first2 = Adam | contribution = Constructing Quaternions: On the Analysis of Conceptual Practice | editor-last = Pickering | editor-first = Andrew | editor-link = Andrew Pickering | title = Science As Practice and Culture | pages = 139–167 | publisher = ] | location = Chicago, Illinois | year = 1992 | isbn = 9780226668017 }}
* {{citation | last = Pickering | first = Andrew | contribution = The Science of the Unknowable: Stafford Beer's Cybernetic Informatics | editor-last1 = Rayward | editor-first1 = W. Boyd | editor-last2 = Bowden | editor-first2 = Mary Ellen | editor-link1 = W. Boyd Rayward | title = The History and Heritage of Scientific and Technological Information Systems | pages = 29–38 | publisher = Information Today, Inc. | location = Medford, New Jersey | year = 2004 | isbn = 9781573872294 }}

=== Journal articles ===
* {{Cite journal | last = Pickering | first = Andy | title = Exemplars and Analogies: A Comment On Crane's Study of Kuhnian Paradigms in High-Energy Physics | journal = ] | volume = 10 | issue = 4 | pages = 497–502 | publisher = ] | doi = 10.1177/030631278001000404 | date = November 1980 | s2cid = 143591669 }}
* {{Cite journal | last = Pickering | first = Andy | title = Reply to Crane | journal = ] | volume = 10 | issue = 4 | pages = 507–508 | publisher = ] | doi = 10.1177/030631278001000406 | date = November 1980| s2cid = 143542867 }}
* {{Cite journal | last = Pickering | first = Andrew | title = The Hunting of the Quark | journal = ] | volume = 72 | issue = 2 | pages = 216–236 | publisher = ] | doi = 10.1086/352719 | date = June 1981 | jstor = 230970 | s2cid = 143315645 }}
* {{Cite journal | last = Pickering | first = Andy | title = Knowledge, Practice and Mere Construction | journal = ] | volume = 20 | issue = 4 | pages = 683–729 | publisher = ] | doi = 10.1177/030631290020004006 | date = November 1990| s2cid = 144574043 }}

==Notes==
{{refbegin}}
'''a.''' {{Note_label|a|a|none}} See ] (1985) for a critical review of this book.<ref name=Dalitz1985/>
{{refend}}

==References==
{{Reflist|30em|refs=

<ref name=Dalitz1985>{{citation |author=Dalitz, R.H. |author-link=Richard Dalitz |date=28 March 1985 |title=Fundamental Developments |journal=Nature |volume=314 |pages=387–388 |doi=10.1038/314387a0 |issue=6009 |bibcode=1985Natur.314..387D|doi-access=free }}</ref>

<ref name="Pickering1981">{{Cite book | first= Andy | last= Pickering | title= Elementary Particles: Discovered or Constructed? | series= Pre-publication copy of article to appear in Proc. of Int. Conf. on Physics in Collision: High Energy ee/ep/pp Interactions | location= Blacksburg, VA | page= 11 | year= 1981 | url= http://www-spires.slac.stanford.edu/spires/find/hep/www?irn=822760 | archive-url= https://archive.today/20121214231646/http://www-spires.slac.stanford.edu/spires/find/hep/www?irn=822760 | url-status= dead | archive-date= 2012-12-14 }}</ref>

<ref name="Pickering1981p11">Pickering, Andy (1981), p.11</ref>

<ref name="Pickering1983">{{Cite book | first= Andy | last= Pickering | title= Producing A World: Transformations Of Experimental Practice In The History Of High-Energy Physics | series= Paper presented at History of Science Society Mtg., Norwalk, Conn., 27–30 Oct 1983 | place= Maui, Hawaii | page= 12 | year= 1983 | url= http://www.slac.stanford.edu/spires/find/hep/www?r=PRINT-83-1051 | archive-url= https://archive.today/20121215015947/http://www.slac.stanford.edu/spires/find/hep/www?r=PRINT-83-1051 | url-status= dead | archive-date= 2012-12-15 }}</ref>

<ref name="Pickering1983p12">Pickering, Andy (1983), p.12</ref>

<ref name="Pickering1984">{{Citation
|last=Pickering
|first=A.R.
|title=Against putting the phenomena first: The discovery of the weak neutral current
|journal=Studies in History and Philosophy of Science
|volume=15
|issue=2
|pages=85–117
|year=1984
|url=http://philoscience.unibe.ch/documents/TexteFS10/Pickering1984app.pdf
|accessdate=20 March 2013
|doi=10.1016/0039-3681(84)90001-3
|bibcode=1984SHPSA..15...85P
}}{{dead link|date=July 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

<ref name="Pickering&Trower1985">{{Citation
| last1= Pickering
| first1= Andrew R.
| last2= Trower
| first2= W. Peter
| title= Some sociological problems of high-energy physics
| journal= Nature
| volume= 318
| pages= 243–245
| year= 1985 |doi=10.1038/318243a0
| issue=6043|bibcode = 1985Natur.318..243P | s2cid= 4239201
}}</ref>

}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Andrew Pickering}}
* {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100417072739/http://huss.exeter.ac.uk/sociology/staff/pickering |date=17 April 2010 }}
*
*

=== Archival collections ===

*
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Pickering, Andrew}}
]
]
]
]
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Andrew Pickering
Andrew Pickering, 2011
Born1948
Academic work
Main interestsSociology of science
Notable worksConstructing Quarks: A Sociological History of Particle Physics; The cybernetic brain: sketches of another future.

Andrew Pickering (born 1948) is a British sociologist, philosopher and historian of science at the University of Exeter. He was a professor of sociology and a director of science and technology studies at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign until 2007. He holds a doctorate in physics from the University of London, and a doctorate in Science Studies from the University of Edinburgh. His book Constructing Quarks: A Sociological History of Particle Physics (1984) is a classic in the field of the sociology of science.

Career

Andrew Pickering in 2011

In elucidating some of the sociological factors prevailing in particle physics, Pickering also wrote a number of papers for journals and conferences. According to Pickering, theory and experiment come in packages, and traditions of experiment generate just the kind of data which will fuel further theorising, while traditions of theory generate new problems for further development.

Pickering thus described two theoretical frameworks in particle physics: 'old physics' – which at the time of its death, was "still alive" – dominated high energy physics through the 1960s and into the early 1970s, and concerned itself with 'common phenomena'. 'New physics' refers to the theory and experiment 'package' concerned with rare phenomena, such as the search for quarks. While each theoretical framework had little to say about the other, and "was useless in the phenomenal world of its rival", each was satisfactory in its own terms. Despite this, Pickering also outlined a process of "magical transmutation", where new theories are produced from old, by what he called "analogical recycling". Pickering noted that all this is symptomatic of Kuhnian type revolutions.

He authored The mangle of practice: Time, agency and science (University of Chicago Press, 1995), where he develops a performative conception of scientific practice, focusing on non-human agency and strongly contributing to the posthumanist trend of Science and Technology Studies. His most recent book, The Cybernetic Brain: Sketches of Another Future traces the history of British Cybernetics after the Second World War. Pickering considers Cybernetics as a type of nomad science that, instead of seeking to dominate reality as its modern counterpart (thus leading to processes of enframing, following Heidegger) rather develops an ontological theatre between humans and non-humans. In this book, Pickering explores projects that intertwine, for instance, technology, psychiatry, spirituality, education and, of course, brain sciences.

Selected publications

Books

Chapters in books

  • Pickering, Andrew (1982), "Interests and Analogies", in Barnes, Barry; Edge, David O. (eds.), Science in Context: Readings in the Sociology of Science, Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press, pp. 125–146, ISBN 9780262520768
  • Pickering, Andrew (1982), "Elementary Particles: Discovered or Constructed?", in Trower, W. Peter; Bellini, Gianpaolo (eds.), Physics in Collision: High-Energy ee/ep/pp Interactions, volume 1, New York, New York: Plenum Press, pp. 439–448, ISBN 9780306409967
  • Pickering, Andrew (1992), "From Science As Knowledge to Science As Practice", in Pickering, Andrew (ed.), Science As Practice and Culture, Chicago, Illinois: University of Chicago Press, pp. 1–28, ISBN 9780226668017
  • Pickering, Andrew; Stephanides, Adam (1992), "Constructing Quaternions: On the Analysis of Conceptual Practice", in Pickering, Andrew (ed.), Science As Practice and Culture, Chicago, Illinois: University of Chicago Press, pp. 139–167, ISBN 9780226668017
  • Pickering, Andrew (2004), "The Science of the Unknowable: Stafford Beer's Cybernetic Informatics", in Rayward, W. Boyd; Bowden, Mary Ellen (eds.), The History and Heritage of Scientific and Technological Information Systems, Medford, New Jersey: Information Today, Inc., pp. 29–38, ISBN 9781573872294

Journal articles

Notes

a. See Dalitz (1985) for a critical review of this book.

References

  1. Pickering, A. R. (1983). "History of particle physics : a sociological analysis". Edinburgh Research Archive. hdl:1842/18545. Retrieved 20 March 2018.
  2. Pickering, Andy (1981). Elementary Particles: Discovered or Constructed?. Pre-publication copy of article to appear in Proc. of Int. Conf. on Physics in Collision: High Energy ee/ep/pp Interactions. Blacksburg, VA. p. 11. Archived from the original on 14 December 2012.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  3. Pickering, Andy (1983). Producing A World: Transformations Of Experimental Practice In The History Of High-Energy Physics. Paper presented at History of Science Society Mtg., Norwalk, Conn., 27–30 Oct 1983. Maui, Hawaii. p. 12. Archived from the original on 15 December 2012.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  4. Pickering, A.R. (1984), "Against putting the phenomena first: The discovery of the weak neutral current" (PDF), Studies in History and Philosophy of Science, 15 (2): 85–117, Bibcode:1984SHPSA..15...85P, doi:10.1016/0039-3681(84)90001-3, retrieved 20 March 2013
  5. Pickering, Andrew R.; Trower, W. Peter (1985), "Some sociological problems of high-energy physics", Nature, 318 (6043): 243–245, Bibcode:1985Natur.318..243P, doi:10.1038/318243a0, S2CID 4239201
  6. ^ Pickering, Andy (1983), p.12
  7. Pickering, Andy (1981), p.11
  8. Dalitz, R.H. (28 March 1985), "Fundamental Developments", Nature, 314 (6009): 387–388, Bibcode:1985Natur.314..387D, doi:10.1038/314387a0

External links

Archival collections

Categories: