Misplaced Pages

Maschinenfabrik Esslingen GT4: Difference between revisions

Article snapshot taken from Wikipedia with creative commons attribution-sharealike license. Give it a read and then ask your questions in the chat. We can research this topic together.
Browse history interactively← Previous editContent deleted Content addedVisualWikitext
Revision as of 07:35, 19 April 2006 editMyrtone86 (talk | contribs)3,061 editsNo edit summary← Previous edit Latest revision as of 15:30, 29 May 2024 edit undo193.105.223.125 (talk)No edit summary 
(84 intermediate revisions by 50 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
{{short description|Tram type}}
The '''GT4''' class, also '''Esslinger GT4''' mentioned, is four-axle ].
{{Infobox train
| name = GT4
| image = File:Strassenbahn Stuttgart.JPG
| caption = GT4 in Stuttgart
| manufacturer = ]
| constructed = 1959–1965
| numberbuilt = 380
| designer =
| predecessor =
| successor =
| trainlength = {{convert|18800|mm|ftin|abbr=on}} over couplers<ref name="bw2014">{{cite web |url=https://www.landesstelle.de/kurzgelenktriebwagen-typ-gt4/ |title=Kurzgelenktriebwagen, Typ GT4 |trans-title=Short articulated railcar, type GT4 |language=German |date=2014 |work=Landesstelle für Museumsbetreuung Baden-Württemberg |access-date=June 8, 2020 |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20200608094228/https://www.landesstelle.de/kurzgelenktriebwagen-typ-gt4/ |archivedate=June 8, 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref>
| width = {{convert|2200|mm|ftin|abbr=on}}
| height = {{convert|3160|mm|ftin|abbr=on}}
| weight = {{convert|19500|kg|lb|abbr=on}}
| capacity = 38–41 (seated)<br/> 121–125 (standing)
| maxspeed = {{convert|60|km/h|mph|abbr=on}}
| doors = 3
| floorheight =
| poweroutput = 2 x 100 ] motors
| bogies = 2
| aarwheels = (1A)' (A1)'
| gauge = {{RailGauge|1000mm}}<br> {{RailGauge|1435mm}}
}}


The '''GT4''' (from ]: Gelenktriebwagen 4-achsig, which translates as ''4-axle articulated tramcar'') is an ] vehicle built by ] from 1959 until 1965.
== numbers built ==


==History==
of the 380 built GT4 went to 350 to the Stuttgart streetcars. They were appropriate for facility enterprise and ] and had three doppeltueren. 19 likewise metre-gauge vehicles for zweirichtungsbetrieb went to ] and further to three ]. The remaining eight GT4 were ] vehicles for ]. you had because of the large upward gradients - partly more than 10 % - all final drive, while with the remaining vehicles only two of the four axles were propelled.
380 GT4 trams were produced of which 350 were delivered to the ],<ref name="bw2014"/> the public transport operator of ]. The remaining 30 vehicles were delivered to ] (19), ] (8) and ] (3). The 350 Stuttgart-vehicles were uni-directional, had three double-doors, and were built to {{RailGauge|1000mm}} gauge. The remaining cars were bi-directional and built with {{RailGauge|1000mm}} gauge, with the exception of the Neunkirchen cars, which were built to {{RailGauge|1435mm}} standard gauge. They also had four powered axles whereas two powered axles was the standard variant. Tram services in Neunkirchen ended in 1978.


With 86 trams in service, as of 2021, the largest operator of GT4 is ], the public transport company in ], Romania.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ratp-iasi.ro/forum/bb/viewtopic.php?f=11&t=29 |title=The RATP fleet }}</ref>
== technology ==


==Technical specifications==
The GT4 was developed, because the longer articulated trams with ]s were not suitible for the steep hills and tight turns. The construction is unique: Both ]s are connected by an underframe, which supports the articulation. This underframe is linked at the insides of the bogies, so that it is pressed with driving along curves with the joint toward curve exterior and so that breaking the wagenkastens causes (picture: see Web left). The GT4 can operate in ]s. Some vehicles, also ''Beitriebwagen'' mentioned, have therefore no flight compartment.
]
The GT4 was developed because the longer six-axle articulated trams with ]s, such as the GT6, were not suitable for the Stuttgart network, which had a large number of sharp curves and steep gradients due to the city's hilly topography.


The design of articulation is unique: Both bogies are connected by an underframe, upon which the two halves of the tram body rest. When the tram drives around a curve, the underframe prevents the body from overhanging the inside of the curve, allowing tighter clearances and more flexibility than a non-articulated tram.
{{notenglish}}


On all except the Neunkirchen vehicles only the inner axles on each bogie were powered, therefore the wheel notation was (1A)(A1). Two thirds of the vehicle weight were rested on both powered axles.
== Verkauf in andere Städte ==
Seit den 1980er Jahren wurden in Stuttgart durch die Umstellung des Netzes auf ]betrieb und ] viele GT4 frei. Die überzähligen Wagen gelangten in verschiedene andere Städte, darunter ], ] (40 Stück), ] (8 Stück), ] (38 Stück), ], ], ], ] (Rumänien) (61 Stück, davon 25 direkt aus Stuttgart, 9 aus Augsburg und 27 aus Halle) und ] (Japan). Einige Fahrzeuge wurden bei einem Großbrand im Stuttgarter Depot Feuerbach im Jahr 1986 zerstört.


The bi-directional variants have a second driver's cab and additional side doors, unlike the uni-directional models.
Die Reutlinger Zweirichtungsfahrzeuge gelangten ebenfalls nach Ulm, wo sie in Einrichtungsfahrzeuge umgebaut, jedoch schon wenig später ausgemustert wurden.


==Trailers==
Das im Jahr 1989 ins japanische Kōchi gelangte Fahrzeug ist ein ungewöhnlicher Umbau: Aus zwei Einrichtungsfahrzeugen (SSB Nr. 714 und 735) wurde ein Zweirichtungsfahrzeug. Das Fahrzeug erhielt dabei keine zusätzlichen Türen, so daß wegen des in Japan herrschenden ]s jeweils nur die beiden Türen an der in Fahrtrichtung hinteren Hälfte verwendbar sind.
The GT4 can operate ]. In later years, some vehicles were only used as powered trailers left and became therefore no modernisized driver's cab. This was the case with 24 vehicles of the first series, 30 in the second series, 98 in the third and fourth series and eight in the fifth series, altogether 180 coaches were affected.


== GT4 in Augsburg == ==Sale to other cities==
As Stuttgart put the ] standard gauge light rail system in operation from 1985 onwards, some surplus GT4 cars were sold to other cities:
Zwischen 1992 und 1996 haben die ] (VGA) je 20 Trieb- und Beitriebwagen von der SSB übernommen. Die zehn 1996 beschafften Paare wurden im Rahmen eines Umbaus unter anderem mit einer geänderten Inneneinrichtung versehen, bei der die Sitze jetzt überwiegend in Fahrtrichtung angeordnet waren.


* ] (]) - 107 cars
Sechs Paare wurde Ende 2003 verschrottet. Wegen der technischen Probleme mit den Zügen vom Typ ] wurden einige bereits ausgemusterte GT4 ab März 2004 wieder eingesetzt, ab Mai nur noch umgebaute Züge. Fünf Paare wurden im April 2004 nach ] (Rumänien) verkauft.
* ] - 40 cars (23 cars later resold to Iași)
* ] - 38 cars (27 cars later resold to Iași)
* ] - 12 cars (3 cars later resold to Iași)
* ] via ] (Japan) - 2 cars (Joined, see details below)
* ], ], ] and ] (Romania) - unspecified numbers


Some vehicles were destroyed or damaged beyond repair during a great fire in the Feuerbach depot in Stuttgart in 1986.
Anfang 2006 befanden sich noch acht Paare im Bestand der VGA.

One Iași tram was rebuilt in 2013 by ] as type GT4M.<ref name="rg02072013">{{cite web |url=https://www.railwaygazette.com/modernised-tram-presented-to-iai/38395.article |author=<!--Not stated--> |title=Modernised tram presented to Iaşi |date=July 2, 2013 |website=railwaygazette.com |publisher=DVV Media International |access-date=June 8, 2020 |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20200608094025/https://www.railwaygazette.com/modernised-tram-presented-to-iai/38395.article |archivedate=June 8, 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref>

The bi-directional cars originally delivered to Reutlingen (59,60 and 61) were later sold to Ulm. The Ulm workshop rebuilt them to unidirectional cars (11, 12 and 13).

In 1989, a longer car set was rebuilt just before being exported to Japan: Two unidirectional vehicles (SSB 714 and 735) were joined together as one bi-directional vehicle. The vehicle had no additional doors, so only the two doors in the direction of travel got available, which, however, suit the Japanese tram fare collecting system. Also, they were regauged to fit into the 1,067 mm (3 ft 6 in) gauge. They were exported and used by ], then sold to and now being operated by ] as their type F10 tram under the nickname {{Nihongo|"Retram"|レトラム}}.

<gallery>
File:Augsburg GT4 419.jpg|Augsburg GT4 419
File:Fukutetsu_735kei_2014_04_12.JPG|Fukui Railway Type F10 (SSB 714 & 735) at their departure ceremony in Fukui Railway
File:GT4-60.jpg|Iași GT4 #128 at its 60th anniversary in 2019
</gallery>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Maschinenfabrik Esslingen GT4}}
*

{{DEFAULTSORT:Gt4 (Tram)}}
]
]

Latest revision as of 15:30, 29 May 2024

Tram type
GT4
GT4 in Stuttgart
ManufacturerMaschinenfabrik Esslingen
Constructed1959–1965
Number built380
Capacity38–41 (seated)
121–125 (standing)
Specifications
Train length18,800 mm (61 ft 8 in) over couplers
Width2,200 mm (7 ft 3 in)
Height3,160 mm (10 ft 4 in)
Doors3
Maximum speed60 km/h (37 mph)
Weight19,500 kg (43,000 lb)
Power output2 x 100 kW motors
AAR wheel arrangement(1A)' (A1)'
Bogies2
Track gauge1,000 mm (3 ft 3+3⁄8 in)
1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in)

The GT4 (from German: Gelenktriebwagen 4-achsig, which translates as 4-axle articulated tramcar) is an articulated tram vehicle built by Maschinenfabrik Esslingen from 1959 until 1965.

History

380 GT4 trams were produced of which 350 were delivered to the Stuttgarter Strassenbahnen, the public transport operator of Stuttgart. The remaining 30 vehicles were delivered to Freiburg (19), Neunkirchen (Saar) (8) and Reutlingen (3). The 350 Stuttgart-vehicles were uni-directional, had three double-doors, and were built to 1,000 mm (3 ft 3+3⁄8 in) gauge. The remaining cars were bi-directional and built with 1,000 mm (3 ft 3+3⁄8 in) gauge, with the exception of the Neunkirchen cars, which were built to 1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in) standard gauge. They also had four powered axles whereas two powered axles was the standard variant. Tram services in Neunkirchen ended in 1978.

With 86 trams in service, as of 2021, the largest operator of GT4 is CTP, the public transport company in Iași, Romania.

Technical specifications

Bi-directional GT4 tram in Freiburg.

The GT4 was developed because the longer six-axle articulated trams with Jacobs bogies, such as the GT6, were not suitable for the Stuttgart network, which had a large number of sharp curves and steep gradients due to the city's hilly topography.

The design of articulation is unique: Both bogies are connected by an underframe, upon which the two halves of the tram body rest. When the tram drives around a curve, the underframe prevents the body from overhanging the inside of the curve, allowing tighter clearances and more flexibility than a non-articulated tram.

On all except the Neunkirchen vehicles only the inner axles on each bogie were powered, therefore the wheel notation was (1A)(A1). Two thirds of the vehicle weight were rested on both powered axles.

The bi-directional variants have a second driver's cab and additional side doors, unlike the uni-directional models.

Trailers

The GT4 can operate in multiple. In later years, some vehicles were only used as powered trailers left and became therefore no modernisized driver's cab. This was the case with 24 vehicles of the first series, 30 in the second series, 98 in the third and fourth series and eight in the fifth series, altogether 180 coaches were affected.

Sale to other cities

As Stuttgart put the Stuttgart Stadtbahn standard gauge light rail system in operation from 1985 onwards, some surplus GT4 cars were sold to other cities:

Some vehicles were destroyed or damaged beyond repair during a great fire in the Feuerbach depot in Stuttgart in 1986.

One Iași tram was rebuilt in 2013 by Electroputere VFU as type GT4M.

The bi-directional cars originally delivered to Reutlingen (59,60 and 61) were later sold to Ulm. The Ulm workshop rebuilt them to unidirectional cars (11, 12 and 13).

In 1989, a longer car set was rebuilt just before being exported to Japan: Two unidirectional vehicles (SSB 714 and 735) were joined together as one bi-directional vehicle. The vehicle had no additional doors, so only the two doors in the direction of travel got available, which, however, suit the Japanese tram fare collecting system. Also, they were regauged to fit into the 1,067 mm (3 ft 6 in) gauge. They were exported and used by Tosa Denki Tetsudō, then sold to and now being operated by Fukui Railway as their type F10 tram under the nickname "Retram" (レトラム).

  • Augsburg GT4 419 Augsburg GT4 419
  • Fukui Railway Type F10 (SSB 714 & 735) at their departure ceremony in Fukui Railway Fukui Railway Type F10 (SSB 714 & 735) at their departure ceremony in Fukui Railway
  • Iași GT4 #128 at its 60th anniversary in 2019 Iași GT4 #128 at its 60th anniversary in 2019

References

  1. ^ "Kurzgelenktriebwagen, Typ GT4" [Short articulated railcar, type GT4]. Landesstelle für Museumsbetreuung Baden-Württemberg (in German). 2014. Archived from the original on June 8, 2020. Retrieved June 8, 2020.
  2. "The RATP fleet".
  3. "Modernised tram presented to Iaşi". railwaygazette.com. DVV Media International. July 2, 2013. Archived from the original on June 8, 2020. Retrieved June 8, 2020.

External links

Categories: