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| {{Short description|Lock on the River Thames in Surrey, England}} | |||
| ⚫ | {{Infobox |
||
| {{Use dmy dates|date=January 2017}} | |||
| |lock_name = Penton Hook Lock<ref> Part 2 p29</ref> | |||
| {{Use British English|date=January 2017}} | |||
| ⚫ | |image =PentonHLock.JPG |
||
| ⚫ | {{Infobox waterlock | ||
| |lock_name = Penton Hook Lock | |||
| ⚫ | |image =PentonHLock.JPG | ||
| |caption = Penton Hook Lock with the lock-keeper's house | |caption = Penton Hook Lock with the lock-keeper's house | ||
| |waterway = ] | |waterway = ] | ||
| |county = ] | |county = ]<br>(historically ], locally) | ||
| |maint = ] | |maint = ] | ||
| |operation = Hydraulic | |operation = Hydraulic | ||
| |first = 1815 | |first = 1815 | ||
| |latest = 1909 | |latest = 1909 | ||
| |length = {{convert|81.28|m|ftin|abbr=on}} <ref name="EnvAgency" >{{cite web |url=http://www.environment-agency.gov.uk/homeandleisure/recreation/135271.aspx |title=Environment Agency Dimensions of locks on the River Thames |date=8 November 2012 |work=web page |publisher=Environmental Agency |accessdate=18 November 2012}} Dimensions given in metres</ref> | |||
| |length = {{convert|266|ft|8|in|m|abbr=on}} | |||
| |width = {{convert| |
|width = {{convert|7.56|m|ftin|abbr=on}}<ref name="EnvAgency" /> | ||
| |fall = {{convert| |
|fall = {{convert|1.22|m|ftin|abbr=on}}<ref name="EnvAgency" /> | ||
| |sealevel = {{convert|41|ft|m}} | |sealevel = {{convert|41|ft|m}} | ||
| |enda = ] | |enda = ] | ||
| Line 22: | Line 25: | ||
| | map_width= | | map_width= | ||
| | coordinates= | | coordinates= | ||
| | lat= | |||
| | long= | |||
| | extra= Power is available out of hours | | extra= Power is available out of hours | ||
| }} | }} | ||
| {{Penton Hook Lock map}} | {{Penton Hook Lock map}} | ||
| '''Penton Hook Lock''' is the sixth lowest ] of forty four on the non-tidal reaches of the ] in ]. It faces ] which was until its construction a pronounced ] (a hook) and is on the site of its seasonal ]. It is against the ] marking the ] ] medieval border of ] and ] in ] for many centuries. Until 1965 their county was ]. At {{convert|266|ft|m|abbr=on}} it is the third longest lock on the river. | |||
| '''Penton Hook Lock''' is a ] on the ] in England situated on the northern "Middlesex" bank near ], ]. | |||
| A bend 1000 yards (900 metres) upstream of the lock, '''Silvery Sands''', hosts Staines Regatta in the sport of ] annually. On the opposite bank in ] is ] which occupies lakes once land used for gravel extraction. | |||
| The lock cuts across a large loop or hook in the river, creating ] There is a large marina (]) in the disused gravel pits connected to this loop. At over {{convert|266|ft|m|abbr=on}} it is the third longest lock on the river. | |||
| There are two ]s, which were built some time after the lock. One weir links across to Penton Hook Island, and the other from the island across the old course of the river. The former weir has a wide footpath to the island, but the footpath across the other weir is closed. | |||
| ==History== | ==History== | ||
| {{See also|City of London Corporation|Locks and weirs on the River Thames}} | |||
| There was a history of problems to navigation caused by floodwaters bursting across the neck of the island. A lock was suggested here in 1809, and an enabling act passed in 1814. | |||
| {{Annotated image | |||
| The lock was completed in 1815, two years after Chertsey Lock, to become the lock farthest upstream on the Thames which was controlled by the ]. This is why the City's arms appear on the Lock Cottage built in 1814. The first weir was not built until 1846, positioned below the outfall of the ] for the benefit of the miller. This caused problems of too strong a stream and it was relocated above the outfall. The lock was rebuilt in 1909.<ref>Fred. S. Thacker ''The Thames Highway: Volume II Locks and Weirs'' 1920 - republished 1968 David & Charles</ref> | |||
| | image = Map of Middlesex Sheet 024, Ordnance Survey, 1868-1883.jpg | |||
| | image-width = 1000 <!-- choose any width, as you like it. It doesn't matter the factual width of the image--> | |||
| | image-left = -420 <!-- crop the left part. Be aware of the "-" minus symbol --> | |||
| | image-top = -150 <!-- crop the upper part. Be aware of the "-" minus symbol --> | |||
| | width = 340 <!-- crop the right part. That will be the width of the image in the article --> | |||
| | height = 340 <!-- crop the below part. That will be the height of the image in the article --> | |||
| | float = left | |||
| | annotations = <!-- empty or not, this parameter must be included --> | |||
| | caption = Extract from Map of Middlesex, Ordnance Survey, 1868-1883 | |||
| }} | |||
| Problems were long caused in ] and to navigation by floodwaters topping the neck of the meander (a seasonal ]). The Corporation promoted the funding of the lock with formalised weirs in 1809, and Parliament passed its enabling act 1814.<ref name=reynolds>'Staines: Introduction', in A History of the County of Middlesex: Volume 3 ed. Susan Reynolds (London, 1962), pp. 13-18. British History Online http://www.british-history.ac.uk/vch/middx/vol3/pp13-18</ref> The lock was completed in 1815, two years after ], as the Thames lock farthest upstream controlled by the ], whose arms appear on the Lock Cottage built in 1814. It soon became the sixth lock proceeding upstream, as it is today. | |||
| ⚫ | ==Access |
||
| ⚫ | The lock is accessible on foot along the towpath from |
||
| The main weir was built in 1846 when positioned below the offtake of the ], a medieval-established ] and so sited for the benefit of watermill power; the grain mills were by the end of that century superseded by large industrial granaries. Horse, cattle and crop farming tenants had conflicting interest of reducing its flow; in ], the weirs elsewhere reduced the flow of the main river for a mile or more (such as beside Laleham Park). For a few years the leat was sourced above the main weir thus increasing the flooding of ] and other fields of northern Chertsey; its shallow course has banks without ]s and few sluices. These interests outweighing those of the outdated mill led to start of the Abbey River being moved to below the main weir of Penton Hook, reducing the enhanced flows along the Abbey River. To resume additional flood relief channels, as of the early 2020s, the ] proposes new instances of channels below this lock and that below to act in the same way as the ] upstream which fast tracks flows from above ] to below ].<ref>, Environment Agency, 2009. Accessed 31-12-2017 — cited as "''SEA 2009''"</ref> | |||
| The lock was rebuilt in 1909.<ref>Fred. S. Thacker ''The Thames Highway: Volume II Locks and Weirs'' 1920 - republished 1968 David & Charles</ref> | |||
| {{clear}} | |||
| ⚫ | ==Access and location== | ||
| ⚫ | The lock is accessible on foot or bicycle along the towpath from Blacksmiths Lane and its spur Riverside or Penton Hook Road. | ||
| The lock is against the ] marking the ] ] medieval border of ] and ] in ] since at least the ].<ref>"Spelthorne Hundred: Introduction", ''A History of the County of Middlesex: Volume 2'', ed. William Page (London, 1911), p 305. British History Online http://www.british-history.ac.uk/vch/middx/vol2/pp304-306</ref><ref>St Peter's Church, Staines, Church of England - | |||
| Parish Map http://www.achurchnearyou.com/church/15554/</ref> By boat the lock can be accessed from ] on the right bank. | |||
| ==Reach above the lock== | ==Reach above the lock== | ||
| ] | ] from ]]] | ||
| The river is built up on both sides after the lock and passes through ]. Between ] and ] |
The river is built up in a range of suburban extents on both sides after the lock and passes through ]. On the near bank the '] town' of Penton Hook or South Staines was in existence by 1919.<ref name=reynolds/> Between ] and ] is an open riverside area with pubs on both sides and two of the seven mouths (see ]) of the ], briefly canalised, join the Thames, the eponymous final arm in the town centre and Sweeps Ditch. In the upper reach on the left bank is a replica of the ] placed near here in 1285 to mark the upper limit of the tidal Thames and the jurisdiction of the City of London. Beside it is ] and a recreation area. Upstream are ] and its wooded islet ]; where the right bank was a 20th-century industrial area with ] and water works, redeveloped into business and retail estates. A widened ] designed by ] carries the ] and the ] across the river downstream of Bell Weir lock. Below the town's rowing club on the Egham side, Staines Regatta takes place at '''Silvery Sands''' 1000 yards (900 metres) above the lock in July.<ref>http://www.stainesregatta.com Staines Regatta. Accessed 2018-01-28</ref> | ||
| ===Thames Path=== | ===Thames Path=== | ||
| The ] |
The ] is on the ] (that is by convention proceeding downstream) from Bell Weir Lock; at Staines Bridge it crosses to the left bank. | ||
| == See also == | == See also == | ||
| * ] | * ] | ||
| * ] | * ] | ||
| ⚫ | ==References== | ||
| ⚫ | {{Reflist}} | ||
| == External links == | == External links == | ||
| Line 59: | Line 76: | ||
| {{S-start}} | {{S-start}} | ||
| {{River lock start|River=]}} | {{River lock start|River=]}} | ||
| {{River lock line|upstream=]<br/>{{convert|4.33|km|abbr=on}} <ref name="EnvAgency2" >{{cite web |url= http://www.environment-agency.gov.uk/homeandleisure/recreation/131811.aspx |title=Environment Agency Distances between locks on the River Thames |date=19 November 2012 |work=web page |publisher=Environmental Agency |accessdate=22 November 2012}} Distances given in km.</ref> | |||
| {{River lock line|upstream=]<br/>2.84 miles|downstream=]<br/>1.95 miles|location=TQ044695}} | |||
| |downstream=]<br/>{{convert|3.13|km|abbr=on}}<ref name="EnvAgency2" />|location=TQ044695}} | |||
| {{S-end}} | {{S-end}} | ||
| ⚫ | ==References== | ||
| ⚫ | {{Reflist}} | ||
| {{coord|51|24|53|N|0|30|01|W|type:landmark_region:GB|display=title}} | {{coord|51|24|53|N|0|30|01|W|type:landmark_region:GB|display=title}} | ||
Latest revision as of 00:55, 17 December 2022
Lock on the River Thames in Surrey, England
| Penton Hook Lock | |
|---|---|
 Penton Hook Lock with the lock-keeper's house | |
| Waterway | River Thames |
| County | Surrey (historically Middlesex, locally) |
| Maintained by | Environment Agency |
| Operation | Hydraulic |
| First built | 1815 |
| Latest built | 1909 |
| Length | 81.28 m (266 ft 8 in) |
| Width | 7.56 m (24 ft 10 in) |
| Fall | 1.22 m (4 ft 0 in) |
| Above sea level | 41 feet (12 m) |
| Distance to Teddington Lock | 14 miles (23 km) |
| Power is available out of hours | |
| Penton Hook Lock the Staines reach of the Thames | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Penton Hook Lock is the sixth lowest lock of forty four on the non-tidal reaches of the River Thames in England. It faces an island which was until its construction a pronounced meander (a hook) and is on the site of its seasonal cutoff. It is against the left bank marking the church parish medieval border of Laleham and Staines upon Thames in Surrey for many centuries. Until 1965 their county was Middlesex. At 266 ft (81 m) it is the third longest lock on the river.
A bend 1000 yards (900 metres) upstream of the lock, Silvery Sands, hosts Staines Regatta in the sport of rowing annually. On the opposite bank in Thorpe is Penton Hook Marina which occupies lakes once land used for gravel extraction.
History
See also: City of London Corporation and Locks and weirs on the River Thames
Extract from Map of Middlesex, Ordnance Survey, 1868-1883
Problems were long caused in erosion and to navigation by floodwaters topping the neck of the meander (a seasonal meander cutoff). The Corporation promoted the funding of the lock with formalised weirs in 1809, and Parliament passed its enabling act 1814. The lock was completed in 1815, two years after Chertsey Lock, as the Thames lock farthest upstream controlled by the City of London Corporation, whose arms appear on the Lock Cottage built in 1814. It soon became the sixth lock proceeding upstream, as it is today.
The main weir was built in 1846 when positioned below the offtake of the Abbey River, a medieval-established leat and so sited for the benefit of watermill power; the grain mills were by the end of that century superseded by large industrial granaries. Horse, cattle and crop farming tenants had conflicting interest of reducing its flow; in spate, the weirs elsewhere reduced the flow of the main river for a mile or more (such as beside Laleham Park). For a few years the leat was sourced above the main weir thus increasing the flooding of Laleham Burway and other fields of northern Chertsey; its shallow course has banks without bundings and few sluices. These interests outweighing those of the outdated mill led to start of the Abbey River being moved to below the main weir of Penton Hook, reducing the enhanced flows along the Abbey River. To resume additional flood relief channels, as of the early 2020s, the Environment Agency proposes new instances of channels below this lock and that below to act in the same way as the Jubilee River upstream which fast tracks flows from above Maidenhead to below Windsor.
The lock was rebuilt in 1909.
Access and location
The lock is accessible on foot or bicycle along the towpath from Blacksmiths Lane and its spur Riverside or Penton Hook Road.
The lock is against the left bank marking the Church parish medieval border of Laleham and Staines upon Thames in Surrey since at least the Norman Conquest. By boat the lock can be accessed from Thorpe on the right bank.
Reach above the lock
The river is built up in a range of suburban extents on both sides after the lock and passes through Staines-upon-Thames. On the near bank the 'bungalow town' of Penton Hook or South Staines was in existence by 1919. Between Staines Railway Bridge and Staines Bridge is an open riverside area with pubs on both sides and two of the seven mouths (see distributary) of the River Colne, briefly canalised, join the Thames, the eponymous final arm in the town centre and Sweeps Ditch. In the upper reach on the left bank is a replica of the London Stone placed near here in 1285 to mark the upper limit of the tidal Thames and the jurisdiction of the City of London. Beside it is Church Island and a recreation area. Upstream are Hollyhock Island and its wooded islet Holm Island; where the right bank was a 20th-century industrial area with gas works and water works, redeveloped into business and retail estates. A widened single-span bridge designed by Edwin Lutyens carries the M25 motorway and the A30 across the river downstream of Bell Weir lock. Below the town's rowing club on the Egham side, Staines Regatta takes place at Silvery Sands 1000 yards (900 metres) above the lock in July.
Thames Path
The Thames Path is on the right bank (that is by convention proceeding downstream) from Bell Weir Lock; at Staines Bridge it crosses to the left bank.
See also
External links
- Penton Hook Lock at the River Thames Guide
| Next lock upstream | River Thames | Next lock downstream |
| Bell Weir Lock 4.33 km (2.69 mi) |
Penton Hook Lock Grid reference: TQ044695 |
Chertsey Lock 3.13 km (1.94 mi) |
References
- ^ "Environment Agency Dimensions of locks on the River Thames". web page. Environmental Agency. 8 November 2012. Retrieved 18 November 2012. Dimensions given in metres
- ^ 'Staines: Introduction', in A History of the County of Middlesex: Volume 3 ed. Susan Reynolds (London, 1962), pp. 13-18. British History Online http://www.british-history.ac.uk/vch/middx/vol3/pp13-18
- Lower Thames Strategy Study: Strategic Environmental Assessment environmental report, Environment Agency, 2009. Accessed 31-12-2017 — cited as "SEA 2009"
- Fred. S. Thacker The Thames Highway: Volume II Locks and Weirs 1920 - republished 1968 David & Charles
- "Spelthorne Hundred: Introduction", A History of the County of Middlesex: Volume 2, ed. William Page (London, 1911), p 305. British History Online http://www.british-history.ac.uk/vch/middx/vol2/pp304-306
- St Peter's Church, Staines, Church of England - Parish Map http://www.achurchnearyou.com/church/15554/
- http://www.stainesregatta.com Staines Regatta. Accessed 2018-01-28
- ^ "Environment Agency Distances between locks on the River Thames". web page. Environmental Agency. 19 November 2012. Retrieved 22 November 2012. Distances given in km.
51°24′53″N 0°30′01″W / 51.41472°N 0.50028°W / 51.41472; -0.50028
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