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{{Infobox President | name=Manuel Gómez Pedraza {{Short description|President of Mexico from 1832 to 1833}}

| nationality=Mexican
{{family name hatnote|'''Gómez Pedraza'''|'''Rodríguez'''|lang=Spanish}}
| image=Manuel Gómez Pedraza.png
{{Infobox officeholder
| order = ] <br/> 6th
| name = Manuel Gómez Pedraza y Rodríguez
| office = President of Mexico
| image = Pintura Manuel Gómez Pedraza.png
| term_start=24 December 1832
| caption = Portrait of Pedraza, 1828
| term_end=31 March 1833
| order = 6th
| predecessor=]
| office = President of Mexico
| successor=]
| term_start = 24 December 1832
| birth_date=22 April 1789
| term_end = 31 March 1833
| birth_place=], ]
| predecessor = ]
| dead=dead
| successor = ]
| death_date=14 May 1851 (aged 62)
| order2 = 8th ]
| death_place=]
| term_start2 = 8 January 1825
| spouse=
| term_end2 = 7 June 1825
| party=Moderate
| president2 = ]
| vicepresident=
| predecessor2 = ]
| successor2 = José Ignacio Esteva
| term_start3 = 15 July 1825
| term_end3 = 9 February 1827
| president3 = Guadalupe Victoria
| predecessor3 = José Ignacio Esteva
| successor3 = Manuel Rincón
| term_start4 = 4 March
| term_end4 = 3 December 1827
| president4 = Guadalupe Victoria
| predecessor4 = Manuel Rincón
| successor4 = José Castro
| birth_date = 22 April 1789
| birth_place = ], ]
| death_date = 14 May 1851 (aged 62)
| death_place = ]
| resting_place = ]
| nationality = {{flagdeco|Mexico|1821}} ]<br />{{flagdeco|Spain|1785}} ] {{small|(prior to 1821)}}
| spouse =
| party = Moderate
| vicepresident =
}} }}


'''Manuel Gómez Pedraza''' (22 April 1789 &ndash; 14 May 1851) was a ] general and president of his country from 1832 to 1833. '''Manuel Gómez Pedraza y Rodríguez''' (22 April 1789 &ndash; 14 May 1851) was a Mexican general who also became president of Mexico during the ].


He had initially won the ], which was disputed and led to riots at the capital, causing Gómez Pedraza to flee the country. He was eventually elevated to the presidency through a rebellion against president ] in 1832.
Born into the upper middle class, Gómez Pedraza was a student at the time of the ] (Cry of Independence) from ] in 1810. He enlisted in the royalist army under General ] and became a lieutenant. He fought the Mexican insurgents during the ] and contributed to the capture of ]. He was a deputy from ] to the Spanish Parliament (the ]) in 1820. In 1821, after the fall of the ] government, he joined with ], who became a personal friend. Iturbide made him commander of the Mexico City garrison. During the period of the first ] under Iturbide (1821–1823), Gómez was an anti-federalist, but after the fall of Iturbide he converted to federalism.


==Early life==
In 1824, he was governor and military commander of ]. In 1825 President ] made him minister of war and the navy. He was later minister of internal and external affairs in Victoria's cabinet. He formed a political party with a diverse membership. This became the Partido Moderador (Moderate Party).
Manuel Gomez Pedraza was born in ] and was an official in charge of militias during Spanish rule. He was known for being very strict in following discipline and orders. During the war he was initially a royalist, and played a role in the defeat of the leading rebel ], while fighting at the head of the Fieles de Potosi Batallion. Pedraza was loyal to Spain up until the very end of the war, being viewed as a very reliable by the hierarchy, and being recommended to the ] as meriting a promotion. He was a passionate supporter of the ], and he was stationed in Mexico City during the empire’s last days. <ref>{{cite book |last=Rivera Cambas|first=Manuel|date=1873|title=Los Gobernantes de Mexico: Tomo II|publisher=J.M. Aguilar Cruz|pages=164|lang=es}}</ref>


==Governor of Puebla==
He was a candidate for president of the republic in 1828 in opposition to ] and actually won the election. However, on 3 December 1828, under military threat (the National Palace had been bombarded) by his adversaries, including ], he renounced his victory and left the country. The election was annulled, and under the ], ] assumed the presidency.
Under the ], he was governor and commandant general of the State of ] in 1824, where he was accused of not being harsh enough during political insurrections, and of not having provided protection to several foreigners who were robbed. He survived these charges, and was called upon by President ] to take be the Minister of War when ] stepped down. <ref>{{cite book |last=Rivera Cambas|first=Manuel|date=1873|title=Los Gobernantes de Mexico: Tomo II|publisher=J.M. Aguilar Cruz|pages=164|lang=es}}</ref>


In this time of fierce partisan strife, between the liberal ] and the conservative ] Gomez Pedraza belonged to the latter, but to a moderate branch of ‘imparciales’ which was made up of men loyal to the federal form of government, and which included both Yorkinos and Escoseses, and who launched Pedraza to the candidacy for the 1828 Presidential elections. <ref>{{cite book |last=Rivera Cambas|first=Manuel|date=1873|title=Los Gobernantes de Mexico: Tomo II|publisher=J.M. Aguilar Cruz|pages=165|lang=es}}</ref>
He returned to ] in October 1830 from ], ], but was immediately sent back into exile by his enemies. He then went to ], where he published a manifesto against the government of ].


==Election of 1828==
Gómez Pedraza returned to Mexico on 5 November 1832. The ] recognized him as president, and he took office on 24 December 1832 in ]. He entered ] on 3 January 1833 accompanied by Santa Anna. One of his first official acts was to enforce a decree of 22 February 1832 that expelled the remaining Spanish citizens from the country.
{{Main|1828 Mexican general election}}
The presidential elections at this time were decided by the state legislatures. Gomez Pedraza would be elected as the winner, defeating the rival candidate ], but Guerrero’s partisans alleged that Pedraza as minister of war used his influence to send military agents throughout the states to influence the election in his favor. <ref>{{cite book |last=Rivera Cambas|first=Manuel|date=1873|title=Los Gobernantes de Mexico: Tomo II|publisher=J.M. Aguilar Cruz|pages=165|lang=es}}</ref>


Yorkino revolts against the results broke out at Veracruz in September 1828, and at Mexico City, and they were significant enough to cause Gomez Pedraza to question the loyalty of the army. Gomez Pedraza vacillated as the revolutionaries made more gains, and he eventually decided to concede, resigning the ministry and leaving the country for France after which congress recognized the events and declared Guerrero president and ] vice president<ref>{{cite book |last=Rivera Cambas|first=Manuel|date=1873|title=Los Gobernantes de Mexico: Tomo II|publisher=J.M. Aguilar Cruz|pages=165|lang=es}}</ref>
Soon after being named president, he convoked the Congress, which, however, elected Santa Anna president and ] vice-president. Because of the former's illness, Gómez Farías took office as president, on 1 April 1833, replacing Gómez Pedraza.


Two years later Gomez Pedraza returned from ] in October 1830, but the government of Anastasio Bustamante did not allow him to enter the country and he disembarked and headed for the United States, eventually settling in Pennsylvania. Here, he published a summary of his public life, attacking the government of Bustamante. Deputy ] condemned the government for not allowing Gomez Pedraza back into the country without due cause.
In 1841 Gómez Pedraza was named to Santa Anna's cabinet as minister of internal and external affairs. Also in 1841 he was a deputy to the constituent congress, and was detained when that congress was dissolved. As a federal deputy beginning in 1844 he was known for his eloquent orations. That year he spoke in the Senate against the personal dictatorship of Santa Anna.


==Plan of Veracruz==
In 1846 he became a member of the Council of Government, and the following year he returned as minister of relations, when the government was transferred to Querétaro because of the U.S. occupation of Mexico City. He was president of the Mexican Senate during the debate and approval of the ] that ended the war (February 1848). His speech to the Senate on 24 May 1848 about the war with the United States has been described as "one of the most brilliant pieces of oratory in the history of the Mexican Parliament."<ref>García Puron, ''México y sus gobernantes'', v. 2, p. 22.</ref>
] (pictured) led the revolt against President ] in 1832 which paved the way for Manuel Gómez Pedraza to reach the presidency]]
{{Main|Plan of Veracruz (1832)}}
After the overthrow of Bustamante in 1832 through the Plan of Veracruz, the revolutionists resolved on inviting Gomez Pedraza back into the country to serve out the remaining months of the term he was first elected to in 1828. A commissioner was sent to go to the United States to convince Gomez Pedraza to return, but he initially declined. He was eventually convinced by the commissioners who argued that he could unite a nation that was relapsing into civil war. Gomez Pedraza arrived in Veracruz at the beginning of November. <ref>{{cite book |last=Rivera Cambas|first=Manuel|date=1873|title=Los Gobernantes de Mexico: Tomo II|publisher=J.M. Aguilar Cruz|pages=166|lang=es}}</ref>


He met with the leading rebel ] who assured Gomez Pedraza that this revolution had a popular character which the previous ones had lacked, that among his supporters were prominent men of all views, and free from partisan spirit. He described the pointless struggle that the two parties had engaged in now for six years and violently fought over for four, assuring Gomez Pedraza that he was free from being the tool of either. Gomez Pedraza noted how difficult it was going to be to assume the presidency and expressed hopes to reform the constitution, guarantee the people free elections, social rights, the right of petition, and to reorganize the military. He laid out a program expressing that the national will shall only be that which is expressed by means and manners laid out in the constitution and in the laws, and that all ]s made against the national will thus defined, shall be punished with the utmost severity of the law. <ref>{{cite book |last=Rivera Cambas|first=Manuel|date=1873|title=Los Gobernantes de Mexico: Tomo II|publisher=J.M. Aguilar Cruz|pages=167|lang=es}}</ref>
In 1850 he ran again for president, but was defeated by General ]. He was director of the national Monte de Piedad (pawn shop) when he died in Mexico City in 1851, refusing the last rites. The clergy did not allow his burial in sacred ground.


==Footnotes== ==Presidency==
] (pictured) who would go on to win the election of 1833.]]
<references/>
President Anastasio Bustamante officially stepped down on December 24, 1832 through the Treaty of Zavaleta, and power passed to Gomez Pedraza. Santa Anna and Gomez Pedraza entered the capital on January 3, 1833 amidst public clamor and celebration. <ref>{{cite book |last=Rivera Cambas|first=Manuel|date=1873|title=Los Gobernantes de Mexico: Tomo II|publisher=J.M. Aguilar Cruz|pages=167|lang=es}}</ref> In one carriage was a painting portraying the Battle of Tampico, and an allegory of the Mexican nation was portrayed by a dressed up young girl, carrying on her right hand the portrait of Santa Anna. Another carriage had a young woman carrying a copy of the constitution<ref>{{cite book |last=Rivera Cambas|first=Manuel|date=1873|title=Los Gobernantes de Mexico: Tomo II|publisher=J.M. Aguilar Cruz|pages=168|lang=es}}</ref>

Upon assuming the presidency Gomez Pedraza passed a decree expelling the Spaniards who had returned during the presidency of Bustamante. Lists of Spaniards in the cities were compiled, and a few exceptions were made such as for those Spaniards who had not taken active part in supporting Spain during the War of Independence. <ref>{{cite book |last=Rivera Cambas|first=Manuel|date=1873|title=Los Gobernantes de Mexico: Tomo II|publisher=J.M. Aguilar Cruz|pages=168|lang=es}}</ref> Vindictive measures were also taken against officials who had been a part of the Bustamante administration. <ref>{{cite book |last=Bancroft|first=Hubert Howe|date=1879|title=History of Mexico volume V: 1824-1861|pages=127}}</ref>

As the constitution forbade presidents from being re-elected, Gomez Pedraza was not qualified to run in the elections of 1833, and he instead endorsed Santa Anna and ] who eventually would be elected president and vice president respectively. <ref>{{cite book |last=Rivera Cambas|first=Manuel|date=1873|title=Los Gobernantes de Mexico: Tomo II|publisher=J.M. Aguilar Cruz|pages=168–169|lang=es}}</ref>

He dissolved a large portion of the armed forces that had brought him to power and urged the legislatures to pass severe measures against the armed bands of outlaws that were interfering with commerce, travel, and agriculture. He handed power over to Gomez Farias on April 1, as president-elect Santa Anna was not in the capital at the time<ref>{{cite book |last=Rivera Cambas|first=Manuel|date=1873|title=Los Gobernantes de Mexico: Tomo II|publisher=J.M. Aguilar Cruz|pages=169|lang=es}}</ref>

==Later Political Career==
] (pictured) in 1838.]]
After he stepped down he continued to be a member of the liberal federalist party, but Gomez Pedraza and his colleague Rodriguez Puebla were among those liberals who opposed President Gomez Farias’ efforts to assimilate Mexico’s ]. <ref>{{cite book |last=Rivera Cambas|first=Manuel|date=1873|title=Los Gobernantes de Mexico: Tomo II|publisher=J.M. Aguilar Cruz|pages=169|lang=es}}</ref> When Anastasio Bustamante returned to the presidency under the ], he at one point pursued a moderate course to the point where Gomez Pedraza ended up as one of his ministers in December, 1838, but Gomez Pedraza resigned after only three days due to disagreements. He was however able to serve as Minister of Relations under Santa Anna in 1841, during a time when federalists hoped that the newly elected constitutional congress would reestablish the federalist constitution. Gomez Pedraza would actually be a part of that congress until it was dissolved by President ]. <ref>{{cite book |last=Rivera Cambas|first=Manuel|date=1873|title=Los Gobernantes de Mexico: Tomo II|publisher=J.M. Aguilar Cruz|pages=170|lang=es}}</ref>

After the fall of Santa Anna in 1844, Gomez Pedraza was a member of the grand jury charged with trying Santa Anna after his capture, but the dictator was amnestied. Later as part of the senate he helped pursue President ]’s aim of seeking a diplomatic solution to the Texas problem, hoping to recognize its independence, while gaining concessions that would allow Mexico an honorable end to the decade long conflict, but this was interrupted by a coup led by ] who was part of a faction of hardliners who preferred war. <ref>{{cite book |last=Rivera Cambas|first=Manuel|date=1873|title=Los Gobernantes de Mexico: Tomo II|publisher=J.M. Aguilar Cruz|pages=170|lang=es}}</ref>

During the subsequent ] he was a part of the council of state, and he tried to restrain President ]' efforts to nationalize church lands in the middle of the war. <ref>{{cite book |last=Rivera Cambas|first=Manuel|date=1873|title=Los Gobernantes de Mexico: Tomo II|publisher=J.M. Aguilar Cruz|pages=171|lang=es}}</ref> At the end of the war, as the Mexican government was based in Queretaro, Gomez Pedraza took part in the confidential consultory commissions, established by president ]. Gomez Pedraza himself belonging to the commission of foreign relations. <ref>{{cite book |last=Rivera Cambas|first=Manuel|date=1873|title=Los Gobernantes de Mexico: Tomo II|publisher=J.M. Aguilar Cruz|pages=171|lang=es}}</ref>

After the treaty of peace was established he returned to the capital and was a candidate for the presidential elections of 1850 but lost to ]. The government of President ] commissioned him to conclude a treaty with ] regarding communications across the ]. <ref>{{cite book |last=Rivera Cambas|first=Manuel|date=1873|title=Los Gobernantes de Mexico: Tomo II|publisher=J.M. Aguilar Cruz|pages=171|lang=es}}</ref>

==Final Years==
Shortly after he fell gravely ill with tuberculosis. He maintained lucidity on his deathbed and arranged his public affairs. He also asked not to receive a funeral. He died on May 14, 1851. <ref>{{cite book |last=Rivera Cambas|first=Manuel|date=1873|title=Los Gobernantes de Mexico: Tomo II|publisher=J.M. Aguilar Cruz|pages=171|lang=es}}</ref>

==See also==
{{Portal|Mexico}}
*]


==References== ==References==
*{{es icon}} "Gómez Pedraza, Manuel," ''Enciclopedia de México'', vol. 6. Mexico City, 1996, ISBN 1-56409-016-7. *{{in lang|es}} "Gómez Pedraza, Manuel", ''Enciclopedia de México'', vol. 6. Mexico City, 1996, {{ISBN|1-56409-016-7}}.
*{{es icon}} García Puron, Manuel, ''México y sus gobernantes'', v. 2. Mexico City: Joaquín Porrua, 1984. *{{in lang|es}} García Puron, Manuel, ''México y sus gobernantes'', v. 2. Mexico City: Joaquín Porrua, 1984.
*{{es icon}} Orozco Linares, Fernando, ''Gobernantes de México''. Mexico City: Panorama Editorial, 1985, ISBN 968-38-0260-5. *{{in lang|es}} Orozco Linares, Fernando, ''Gobernantes de México''. Mexico City: Panorama Editorial, 1985, {{ISBN|968-38-0260-5}}.


===Footnotes===
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| DATE OF DEATH =May 14, 1851
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Gomez Pedraza, Manuel}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Gomez Pedraza, Manuel}}
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Latest revision as of 23:53, 12 December 2024

President of Mexico from 1832 to 1833 In this Spanish name, the first or paternal surname is Gómez Pedraza and the second or maternal family name is Rodríguez.
Manuel Gómez Pedraza y Rodríguez
Portrait of Pedraza, 1828
6th President of Mexico
In office
24 December 1832 – 31 March 1833
Preceded byMelchor Múzquiz
Succeeded byValentín Gómez Farías
8th Minister of War and Marine
In office
8 January 1825 – 7 June 1825
PresidentGuadalupe Victoria
Preceded byJosé Castro
Succeeded byJosé Ignacio Esteva
In office
15 July 1825 – 9 February 1827
PresidentGuadalupe Victoria
Preceded byJosé Ignacio Esteva
Succeeded byManuel Rincón
In office
4 March – 3 December 1827
PresidentGuadalupe Victoria
Preceded byManuel Rincón
Succeeded byJosé Castro
Personal details
Born22 April 1789
Santiago de Querétaro, Querétaro
Died14 May 1851 (aged 62)
Mexico City
Resting placePanteón Francés
Nationality Mexican
New Spanish (prior to 1821)
Political partyModerate

Manuel Gómez Pedraza y Rodríguez (22 April 1789 – 14 May 1851) was a Mexican general who also became president of Mexico during the First Mexican Republic.

He had initially won the election of 1828, which was disputed and led to riots at the capital, causing Gómez Pedraza to flee the country. He was eventually elevated to the presidency through a rebellion against president Anastasio Bustamante in 1832.

Early life

Manuel Gomez Pedraza was born in Querétaro and was an official in charge of militias during Spanish rule. He was known for being very strict in following discipline and orders. During the war he was initially a royalist, and played a role in the defeat of the leading rebel José María Morelos, while fighting at the head of the Fieles de Potosi Batallion. Pedraza was loyal to Spain up until the very end of the war, being viewed as a very reliable by the hierarchy, and being recommended to the Spanish Cortes as meriting a promotion. He was a passionate supporter of the First Mexican Empire, and he was stationed in Mexico City during the empire’s last days.

Governor of Puebla

Under the First Mexican Republic, he was governor and commandant general of the State of Puebla in 1824, where he was accused of not being harsh enough during political insurrections, and of not having provided protection to several foreigners who were robbed. He survived these charges, and was called upon by President Guadalupe Victoria to take be the Minister of War when Manuel de Mier y Terán stepped down.

In this time of fierce partisan strife, between the liberal Yorkino Party and the conservative Escoses Party Gomez Pedraza belonged to the latter, but to a moderate branch of ‘imparciales’ which was made up of men loyal to the federal form of government, and which included both Yorkinos and Escoseses, and who launched Pedraza to the candidacy for the 1828 Presidential elections.

Election of 1828

Main article: 1828 Mexican general election

The presidential elections at this time were decided by the state legislatures. Gomez Pedraza would be elected as the winner, defeating the rival candidate Vicente Guerrero, but Guerrero’s partisans alleged that Pedraza as minister of war used his influence to send military agents throughout the states to influence the election in his favor.

Yorkino revolts against the results broke out at Veracruz in September 1828, and at Mexico City, and they were significant enough to cause Gomez Pedraza to question the loyalty of the army. Gomez Pedraza vacillated as the revolutionaries made more gains, and he eventually decided to concede, resigning the ministry and leaving the country for France after which congress recognized the events and declared Guerrero president and Anastasio Bustamante vice president

Two years later Gomez Pedraza returned from Bordeaux in October 1830, but the government of Anastasio Bustamante did not allow him to enter the country and he disembarked and headed for the United States, eventually settling in Pennsylvania. Here, he published a summary of his public life, attacking the government of Bustamante. Deputy Andrés Quintana Roo condemned the government for not allowing Gomez Pedraza back into the country without due cause.

Plan of Veracruz

Santa Anna (pictured) led the revolt against President Anastasio Bustamante in 1832 which paved the way for Manuel Gómez Pedraza to reach the presidency
Main article: Plan of Veracruz (1832)

After the overthrow of Bustamante in 1832 through the Plan of Veracruz, the revolutionists resolved on inviting Gomez Pedraza back into the country to serve out the remaining months of the term he was first elected to in 1828. A commissioner was sent to go to the United States to convince Gomez Pedraza to return, but he initially declined. He was eventually convinced by the commissioners who argued that he could unite a nation that was relapsing into civil war. Gomez Pedraza arrived in Veracruz at the beginning of November.

He met with the leading rebel Santa Anna who assured Gomez Pedraza that this revolution had a popular character which the previous ones had lacked, that among his supporters were prominent men of all views, and free from partisan spirit. He described the pointless struggle that the two parties had engaged in now for six years and violently fought over for four, assuring Gomez Pedraza that he was free from being the tool of either. Gomez Pedraza noted how difficult it was going to be to assume the presidency and expressed hopes to reform the constitution, guarantee the people free elections, social rights, the right of petition, and to reorganize the military. He laid out a program expressing that the national will shall only be that which is expressed by means and manners laid out in the constitution and in the laws, and that all pronunciamientos made against the national will thus defined, shall be punished with the utmost severity of the law.

Presidency

Towards the end of his term, Pedraza endorsed the Liberal candidate Valentín Gómez Farías (pictured) who would go on to win the election of 1833.

President Anastasio Bustamante officially stepped down on December 24, 1832 through the Treaty of Zavaleta, and power passed to Gomez Pedraza. Santa Anna and Gomez Pedraza entered the capital on January 3, 1833 amidst public clamor and celebration. In one carriage was a painting portraying the Battle of Tampico, and an allegory of the Mexican nation was portrayed by a dressed up young girl, carrying on her right hand the portrait of Santa Anna. Another carriage had a young woman carrying a copy of the constitution

Upon assuming the presidency Gomez Pedraza passed a decree expelling the Spaniards who had returned during the presidency of Bustamante. Lists of Spaniards in the cities were compiled, and a few exceptions were made such as for those Spaniards who had not taken active part in supporting Spain during the War of Independence. Vindictive measures were also taken against officials who had been a part of the Bustamante administration.

As the constitution forbade presidents from being re-elected, Gomez Pedraza was not qualified to run in the elections of 1833, and he instead endorsed Santa Anna and Valentín Gómez Farías who eventually would be elected president and vice president respectively.

He dissolved a large portion of the armed forces that had brought him to power and urged the legislatures to pass severe measures against the armed bands of outlaws that were interfering with commerce, travel, and agriculture. He handed power over to Gomez Farias on April 1, as president-elect Santa Anna was not in the capital at the time

Later Political Career

As a known moderate, Pedraza would be invited to serve in the cabinet of the Conservative president Anastasio Bustamante (pictured) in 1838.

After he stepped down he continued to be a member of the liberal federalist party, but Gomez Pedraza and his colleague Rodriguez Puebla were among those liberals who opposed President Gomez Farias’ efforts to assimilate Mexico’s Indigenous Communities. When Anastasio Bustamante returned to the presidency under the Centralist Republic of Mexico, he at one point pursued a moderate course to the point where Gomez Pedraza ended up as one of his ministers in December, 1838, but Gomez Pedraza resigned after only three days due to disagreements. He was however able to serve as Minister of Relations under Santa Anna in 1841, during a time when federalists hoped that the newly elected constitutional congress would reestablish the federalist constitution. Gomez Pedraza would actually be a part of that congress until it was dissolved by President Nicolas Bravo.

After the fall of Santa Anna in 1844, Gomez Pedraza was a member of the grand jury charged with trying Santa Anna after his capture, but the dictator was amnestied. Later as part of the senate he helped pursue President José Joaquín de Herrera’s aim of seeking a diplomatic solution to the Texas problem, hoping to recognize its independence, while gaining concessions that would allow Mexico an honorable end to the decade long conflict, but this was interrupted by a coup led by Mariano Paredes who was part of a faction of hardliners who preferred war.

During the subsequent Mexican-American War he was a part of the council of state, and he tried to restrain President Valentín Gómez Farías' efforts to nationalize church lands in the middle of the war. At the end of the war, as the Mexican government was based in Queretaro, Gomez Pedraza took part in the confidential consultory commissions, established by president Pedro Maria Anaya. Gomez Pedraza himself belonging to the commission of foreign relations.

After the treaty of peace was established he returned to the capital and was a candidate for the presidential elections of 1850 but lost to Mariano Arista. The government of President José Joaquín de Herrera commissioned him to conclude a treaty with Robert P. Letcher regarding communications across the Isthmus of Tehuantepec.

Final Years

Shortly after he fell gravely ill with tuberculosis. He maintained lucidity on his deathbed and arranged his public affairs. He also asked not to receive a funeral. He died on May 14, 1851.

See also

References

  • (in Spanish) "Gómez Pedraza, Manuel", Enciclopedia de México, vol. 6. Mexico City, 1996, ISBN 1-56409-016-7.
  • (in Spanish) García Puron, Manuel, México y sus gobernantes, v. 2. Mexico City: Joaquín Porrua, 1984.
  • (in Spanish) Orozco Linares, Fernando, Gobernantes de México. Mexico City: Panorama Editorial, 1985, ISBN 968-38-0260-5.

Footnotes

  1. Rivera Cambas, Manuel (1873). Los Gobernantes de Mexico: Tomo II (in Spanish). J.M. Aguilar Cruz. p. 164.
  2. Rivera Cambas, Manuel (1873). Los Gobernantes de Mexico: Tomo II (in Spanish). J.M. Aguilar Cruz. p. 164.
  3. Rivera Cambas, Manuel (1873). Los Gobernantes de Mexico: Tomo II (in Spanish). J.M. Aguilar Cruz. p. 165.
  4. Rivera Cambas, Manuel (1873). Los Gobernantes de Mexico: Tomo II (in Spanish). J.M. Aguilar Cruz. p. 165.
  5. Rivera Cambas, Manuel (1873). Los Gobernantes de Mexico: Tomo II (in Spanish). J.M. Aguilar Cruz. p. 165.
  6. Rivera Cambas, Manuel (1873). Los Gobernantes de Mexico: Tomo II (in Spanish). J.M. Aguilar Cruz. p. 166.
  7. Rivera Cambas, Manuel (1873). Los Gobernantes de Mexico: Tomo II (in Spanish). J.M. Aguilar Cruz. p. 167.
  8. Rivera Cambas, Manuel (1873). Los Gobernantes de Mexico: Tomo II (in Spanish). J.M. Aguilar Cruz. p. 167.
  9. Rivera Cambas, Manuel (1873). Los Gobernantes de Mexico: Tomo II (in Spanish). J.M. Aguilar Cruz. p. 168.
  10. Rivera Cambas, Manuel (1873). Los Gobernantes de Mexico: Tomo II (in Spanish). J.M. Aguilar Cruz. p. 168.
  11. Bancroft, Hubert Howe (1879). History of Mexico volume V: 1824-1861. p. 127.
  12. Rivera Cambas, Manuel (1873). Los Gobernantes de Mexico: Tomo II (in Spanish). J.M. Aguilar Cruz. pp. 168–169.
  13. Rivera Cambas, Manuel (1873). Los Gobernantes de Mexico: Tomo II (in Spanish). J.M. Aguilar Cruz. p. 169.
  14. Rivera Cambas, Manuel (1873). Los Gobernantes de Mexico: Tomo II (in Spanish). J.M. Aguilar Cruz. p. 169.
  15. Rivera Cambas, Manuel (1873). Los Gobernantes de Mexico: Tomo II (in Spanish). J.M. Aguilar Cruz. p. 170.
  16. Rivera Cambas, Manuel (1873). Los Gobernantes de Mexico: Tomo II (in Spanish). J.M. Aguilar Cruz. p. 170.
  17. Rivera Cambas, Manuel (1873). Los Gobernantes de Mexico: Tomo II (in Spanish). J.M. Aguilar Cruz. p. 171.
  18. Rivera Cambas, Manuel (1873). Los Gobernantes de Mexico: Tomo II (in Spanish). J.M. Aguilar Cruz. p. 171.
  19. Rivera Cambas, Manuel (1873). Los Gobernantes de Mexico: Tomo II (in Spanish). J.M. Aguilar Cruz. p. 171.
  20. Rivera Cambas, Manuel (1873). Los Gobernantes de Mexico: Tomo II (in Spanish). J.M. Aguilar Cruz. p. 171.
Political offices
Preceded byMelchor Múzquiz President of Mexico
24 December 1832 – 31 March 1833 		Succeeded byValentín Gómez Farías
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1824–1917
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