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{{Short description|Racetrack and airfield (1910-1913)}}
{{coord|33.968|-118.439|display=title|dim:3000}} {{coord|33.968|-118.439|display=title|dim:3000}}
<!-- Geographic coordinates are from US Geological Survey - Geographic Name Information System (GNIS), http://geonames.usgs.gov/pls/gnispublic/f?p=gnispq:3:2436351221282947::NO::P3_FID:1669995 --> <!-- Geographic coordinates are from US Geological Survey - Geographic Name Information System (GNIS), http://geonames.usgs.gov/pls/gnispublic/f?p=gnispq:3:2436351221282947::NO::P3_FID:1669995 -->
{{Motorsport venue {{Motorsport venue
|Name = Los Angeles Motordrome |Name = Los Angeles Motordrome
|Location = ], ] |Location = ], near ], ]
|Image = ] |Image = ]
|Image_caption = The Los Angeles Motordrome as depicted on a vintage postcard. |Image_caption = Los Angeles Motordrome as depicted on a vintage postcard; ] visible in background.
|Capacity = |Capacity =
|Opened = {{Start date|1910}} |Opened = {{Start date|1910}}
|Closed = {{End date|1913}} |Closed-Demolished = {{End date|1913}}
|Layout1 = Circular |Layout1 = Circular
|Surface = Wood |Surface = Wood
Line 15: Line 16:
|Length_mi = 1.0 |Length_mi = 1.0
|Turns = 1 |Turns = 1
|Record_time = |Record_time =
|Record_driver = |Record_driver =
|Record_team = |Record_team =
|Record_year = |Record_year =
}} }}

The '''Los Angeles Motordrome''' was a circular {{convert|1|mi|adj=on}} ] ]. It was located in ], and opened in 1910.<ref name=gnerre>{{cite web|last=Gnerre|first=Sam|title=Los Angeles Motordrome|url=http://www.insidesocal.com/history/2011/01/los-angeles-motordrome.html|work=South Bay History|accessdate=24 July 2012|date=January 12, 2011}}</ref> In addition to automobile racing, it was used for motorcycle competition and aviation activities. The '''Los Angeles Motordrome''' was a circular {{convert|1|mi|adj=on}} ] ]. It was located in ], and opened in 1910.<ref name=gnerre>{{cite web|last=Gnerre|first=Sam|title=Los Angeles Motordrome|url=http://www.insidesocal.com/history/2011/01/los-angeles-motordrome.html|work=South Bay History|accessdate=24 July 2012|date=January 12, 2011}}</ref> In addition to automobile racing, it was used for motorcycle competition and aviation activities.


The Motordrome was a scaled-up version of a bicycling ], and was built by a pre-eminent constructor of velodromes at the time. It was the first of numerous board tracks built for auto racing in the 1910s and 1920s. As an early example of a race track purpose-built for competition, it marked the first use of then-innovative safety features that later became common to most tracks. The Motordrome was highly successful, attracting many competitors and large crowds of paying spectators, but it lasted just three years. A fire destroyed the track in January 1913. The Motordrome was a scaled-up version of a bicycling ], and was built by Jack Prince, a pre-eminent constructor of velodromes at the time. It was the first of numerous board tracks built for auto racing in the 1910s and 1920s. As an early example of a race track purpose-built for competition, it marked the first use of then-innovative safety features that later became common to most tracks. The Motordrome was highly successful, attracting many competitors and large crowds of paying spectators, but it lasted just three years. A fire destroyed the track in January 1913.


==Background== ==Background==
] ]
The Motordrome was the brainchild of ]-born mechanical engineer Frederick Moskovics, who at the time was an employee of ], and who later became an early member of the ] and eventually, president of the ].<ref name="latimes">{{cite web | url=http://articles.latimes.com/1987-10-14/sports/sp-9194_1_first-board-track | title=BOARD TRACKS : Before Indianapolis, L.A.'s Toothpick Ovals Were King | publisher=] | date=October 14, 1987 | accessdate=July 31, 2012 | author=Glick, Shav}}</ref><ref name="borgesonpg1524">{{cite book | title=The Golden Age of the American Racing Car | publisher=] | author=Borgeson, Griffith | year=1998 | pages=15-24 | isbn=9780768000238}}</ref> Moskovics had previously worked for ] and ], and through these connections had become involved in racing as the manager of Daimler's racing team, in 1904.<ref name="borgesonpg1524" /> The Motordrome was the brainchild of ]-born mechanical engineer Frederick Moskovics, who at the time was an employee of ], and who later became an early member of the ] and eventually, president of the ].<ref name="latimes">{{cite web | url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1987-10-14-sp-9194-story.html | title=BOARD TRACKS : Before Indianapolis, L.A.'s Toothpick Ovals Were King | work=] | date=October 14, 1987 | access-date=July 31, 2012 | author=Glick, Shav}}</ref><ref name="borgesonpg1524">{{cite book | title=The Golden Age of the American Racing Car | publisher=] | author=Borgeson, Griffith | year=1998 | pages=15–24 | isbn=9780768000238}}</ref> Moskovics had previously worked for ] and ], and through these connections had become involved in racing as the manager of Daimler's racing team in 1904.<ref name="borgesonpg1524" />


Years before, as a student, Moskovics had pursued an interest in bicycle racing, and had made the acquaintance of champion bicycle racer Jack Prince.<ref name="borgesonpg1524" /><ref name=socalarchhist /> Prince, an Englishman, had emigrated to the United States after the end of his racing career and developed a thriving business building velodromes.<ref name="borgesonpg1524" /> By 1909, Prince had built the Los Angeles Coliseum Motordrome, a velodrome-like motorcycle racing facility that was just over {{convert|1/4|mi}} in circumference.<ref name="statnekov2">{{cite web | url=http://www.statnekov.com/motorcycles/lives2.html | title=Pioneers of American Motorcycle Racing - Chapter 2 | accessdate=August 10, 2012 | author=Statnekov, Daniel K.}}</ref> Years before, as a student, Moskovics had pursued an interest in bicycle racing, and had made the acquaintance of champion bicycle racer Jack Prince.<ref name="borgesonpg1524" /><ref name=socalarchhist /> Prince, an Englishman, had emigrated to the United States after the end of his racing career and developed a thriving business building velodromes.<ref name="borgesonpg1524" /> By 1909, Prince had built the Los Angeles Coliseum Motordrome, a velodrome-like motorcycle racing facility that was just over {{convert|1/4|mi}} in circumference.<ref name="statnekov2">{{cite web | url=http://www.statnekov.com/motorcycles/lives2.html | title=Pioneers of American Motorcycle Racing - Chapter 2 | accessdate=August 10, 2012 | author=Statnekov, Daniel K.}}</ref>


Around the time that Moskovics' career brought him to Los Angeles, in 1909, ] was developing the ], and automobile racing was gaining momentum as a business.<ref name="borgesonpg1524" /><ref name=socalarchhist /> To bring racing to Los Angeles, Moskovics partnered with his old friend Prince; a group of local businessmen including oil man and racing enthusiast Frank A. Garbutt; and the ] Company, which supplied spectators by building a line to the new track.<ref name=socalarchhist>{{cite web | url=http://socalarchhistory.blogspot.com/2011/03/first-board-track-opened-at-los-angeles.html | title=Playa del Rey: Speed Capital of the World, The Los(t) Angeles Motordrome, 1910-1913 | work=Southern California Architectural History | date=March 12, 2011 | accessdate=August 11, 2012 | author=Crosse, John}}</ref><ref name=ai22>{{cite journal | title=The New Los Angeles Motordrome | journal=Automotive Industries | year=1910 | month=January | volume=22 | pages=174}}</ref> Public announcements were made and contracts were let in January 1910, and race dates for officially-sanctioned contests were obtained from the ].<ref name="laheraldjan2810">{{cite news | url=http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn85042462/1910-01-28/ed-1/seq-11/ | title=MOTORDROME IS A CERTAINTY | publisher=] | date=January 28, 1910 | accessdate=August 11, 2012}}</ref><ref name="laheraldjan28102">{{cite news | url=http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn85042462/1910-01-28/ed-1/seq-11/ | title=CONTRACT IS LET FOR BUILDING MOTORDROME AT PLAYA DEL REY | publisher=] | date=January 28, 1910 | accessdate=August 11, 2012}}</ref><ref name="nytjan2610">{{cite news | url=http://query.nytimes.com/mem/archive-free/pdf?res=F30A17F63C5417738DDDAF0A94D9405B808DF1D3 | title=GLIDDEN TROPHY FOR NATIONAL AUTO RUN | publisher=] | date=January 26, 1910 | accessdate=August 11, 2012}}</ref> Around the time that Moskovics' career brought him to Los Angeles, in 1909, ] was developing the ], and automobile racing was gaining momentum as a business.<ref name="borgesonpg1524" /><ref name=socalarchhist /> To bring racing to Los Angeles, Moskovics partnered with his old friend Prince; a group of local businessmen including oil man and racing enthusiast ]; and the ] Company, which supplied spectators by building a line to the new track.<ref name=socalarchhist>{{cite web | url=http://socalarchhistory.blogspot.com/2011/03/first-board-track-opened-at-los-angeles.html | title=Playa del Rey: Speed Capital of the World, The Los(t) Angeles Motordrome, 1910-1913 | work=Southern California Architectural History | date=March 12, 2011 | accessdate=August 11, 2012 | author=Crosse, John}}</ref><ref name=ai22>{{cite journal | title=The New Los Angeles Motordrome | journal=Automotive Industries |date=January 1910 | volume=22 | pages=174}}</ref> Public announcements were made and contracts were let in January 1910, and race dates for officially-sanctioned contests were obtained from the ].<ref name="laheraldjan2810">{{cite news | url=http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn85042462/1910-01-28/ed-1/seq-11/ | title=MOTORDROME IS A CERTAINTY | publisher=] | date=January 28, 1910 | accessdate=August 11, 2012}}</ref><ref name="laheraldjan28102">{{cite news | url=http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn85042462/1910-01-28/ed-1/seq-11/ | title=CONTRACT IS LET FOR BUILDING MOTORDROME AT PLAYA DEL REY | publisher=] | date=January 28, 1910 | accessdate=August 11, 2012}}</ref><ref name="nytjan2610">{{cite news | url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1910/01/26/104918150.pdf | title=GLIDDEN TROPHY FOR NATIONAL AUTO RUN | work=] | date=January 26, 1910 | accessdate=August 11, 2012}}</ref>


==Construction== ==Construction==
] ]
Construction began on January 31, 1910 and was scheduled for just 25 days to complete the racing surface and another 30 to build the grandstands and the rest of the facilities.<ref name=socalarchhist /><ref name="laherald020110">{{cite web | url=http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn85042462/1910-02-01/ed-1/seq-10/ | title=WORK ON AUTO TRACK RUSHED | publisher=] | date=February 01, 1910 | accessdate=August 11, 2012}}</ref> The cost was $75,000 (about $1.7 million in 2012 dollars<ref>{{cite web|title=CPI Inflation Calculator|url=http://www.bls.gov/data/inflation_calculator.htm/|publisher=]|accessdate=11 August 2012}}</ref>), and an additional $10,000 was invested in ] equipment for night racing.<ref name=borgesonpg1524 /><ref name=socalarchhist /> ] was used for the track surface, as that species was thought to be the most resistant to sun exposure, and the track was treated with a coating made from crushed ] to improve traction.<ref name=ai22 /><ref name="mww22-23">{{cite journal | title=LOS ANGELES'S BOARD TRACK | journal=Motor world wholesale | year=1910 | volume=22-23 | pages=92}} </ref> Two shiploads of lumber were used, comprising 300 miles of {{convert|2|in|mm|sing=on}} x {{convert|4|in|mm|sing=on}} boards.<ref name="latimes" /><ref name="smoutlook122109">{{cite web | url=http://digital.smpl.org/cdm4/document.php?CISOROOT=%2Foutlook&CISOPTR=2759&REC=1&CISOBOX=railway | title=TO BUILD ONE-MILE CIRCULAR MOTORDROME NEAR DEL REY | publisher=The Daily Outlook (Santa Monica, CA) | date=December 21, 1909 | accessdate=August 11, 2012}}</ref> The track was {{convert|75|ft}} wide, including a {{convert|30|ft|adj=on}} apron of crushed rock, and ] at a 1:3 ratio, making the outer rim {{convert|25|ft}} off the ground.<ref name=ai22 /><ref name=mww22-23 /> Construction began on January 31, 1910 and was scheduled for just 25 days to complete the racing surface and another 30 to build the grandstands and the rest of the facilities.<ref name=socalarchhist /><ref name="laherald020110">{{cite web | url=http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn85042462/1910-02-01/ed-1/seq-10/ | title=WORK ON AUTO TRACK RUSHED | publisher=] | date=February 1, 1910 | accessdate=August 11, 2012}}</ref> The cost was $75,000 (about $1.7 million in 2012 dollars<ref>{{cite web|title=CPI Inflation Calculator|url=http://www.bls.gov/data/inflation_calculator.htm/|publisher=]|accessdate=11 August 2012}}</ref>), and an additional $10,000 was invested in ] equipment for night racing.<ref name=borgesonpg1524 /><ref name=socalarchhist /> ] was used for the track surface, as that species was thought to be the most resistant to sun exposure, and the track was treated with a coating made from crushed ] to improve traction.<ref name=ai22 /><ref name="mww22-23">{{cite journal | title=LOS ANGELES'S BOARD TRACK | journal=Motor World Wholesale | year=1910 | volume=22-23 | pages=92}}</ref> Two shiploads of lumber were used, comprising 300 miles of {{convert|2|in|mm|sing=on}} x {{convert|4|in|mm|sing=on}} boards.<ref name="latimes" /><ref name="smoutlook122109">{{cite web | url=http://digital.smpl.org/cdm4/document.php?CISOROOT=%2Foutlook&CISOPTR=2759&REC=1&CISOBOX=railway | title=TO BUILD ONE-MILE CIRCULAR MOTORDROME NEAR DEL REY | publisher=The Daily Outlook (Santa Monica, CA) | date=December 21, 1909 | accessdate=August 11, 2012}}</ref> The track was {{convert|75|ft}} wide, including a {{convert|30|ft|adj=on}} apron of crushed rock, and ] at a 1:3 ratio, making the outer rim {{convert|25|ft}} off the ground.<ref name=ai22 /><ref name=mww22-23 />


Around the inner circumference, there was a {{convert|125|ft|adj=on}} buffer between the racing surface and the spectator fence, including a {{convert|10|ft|adj=on}} sand trap.<ref name=borgesonpg1524 /><ref name=mww22-23 /> At Garbutt's suggestion, a sturdy ] was erected around the outer rim.<ref name=borgesonpg1524 /> Another guard rail was erected around the inner edge of the track, at a height calculated by Moskovics to coincide with the wheel hubs of racing cars, and a second rail was erected just above the first to arrest the tendency of cars to overturn.<ref name=borgesonpg1524 /> Around the inner circumference, there was a {{convert|125|ft|adj=on}} buffer between the racing surface and the spectator fence, including a {{convert|10|ft|adj=on}} sand trap.<ref name=borgesonpg1524 /><ref name=mww22-23 /> At Garbutt's suggestion, a sturdy ] was erected around the outer rim.<ref name=borgesonpg1524 /> Another guard rail was erected around the inner edge of the track, at a height calculated by Moskovics to coincide with the wheel hubs of racing cars, and a second rail was erected just above the first to arrest the tendency of cars to overturn.<ref name=borgesonpg1524 />


While the racing facilities were being built, Pacific Electric Railway constructed a special {{convert|3/4|mi|adj=on}} track spur to deliver spectators via ] trolley.<ref name=socalarchhist /> Due to the raised outer rim of the circular raceway, viewing was completely closed off from outside the grounds.<ref name=ai22 /> Seating was provided for 40,000 spectators, including a covered grandstand built to hold 12,000.<ref name=mww22-23 /> Access to the infield and pits was provided by three cement-lined tunnels.<ref name=mww22-23 /> While the racing facilities were being built, Pacific Electric Railway constructed a special {{convert|3/4|mi|adj=on}} track spur to deliver spectators via ] trolley.<ref name=socalarchhist /> The ] of ] persisted on ] survey maps into the 1930s.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Venice (Los Angeles County) 1930 1:24,000 (3.2MB) |url=https://maps.lib.utexas.edu/maps/topo/california/txu-pclmaps-topo-ca-venice-1930.jpg |website=Perry-Castañeda Library Map Collection - California Topographic Maps}}</ref>

Due to the raised outer rim of the circular raceway, viewing was completely closed off from outside the grounds.<ref name=ai22 /> Seating was provided for 40,000 spectators, including a covered grandstand built to hold 12,000.<ref name=mww22-23 /> Access to the infield and pits was provided by three cement-lined tunnels.<ref name=mww22-23 />


==Racing history== ==Racing history==
] and ] was an opening day attraction.]] ] and ] was an opening day attraction.]]
While Prince was overseeing construction, Moskovics traveled east to promote the venture and secure commitments from notable competitors.<ref name="laherald012710">{{cite web | url=http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn85042462/1910-01-23/ed-1/seq-27/ | title=CRACK DRIVERS WILL CONTEST AT MOTORDROME | publisher=] | date=January 23, 1910 | accessdate=August 11, 2012}}</ref><ref name="laherald022410">{{cite web | url=http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn85042462/1910-02-24/ed-1/seq-16/ | title=PLANS CIRCUIT OF MOTORDROMES | publisher=] | date=February 24, 1910 | accessdate=August 11, 2012}}</ref> The opening event at the Motordrome was a nine-day series of races and exhibitions that ran from April 8, 1910 to April 17.<ref name="smoutlook031510">{{cite web | url=http://digital.smpl.org/cdm4/document.php?CISOROOT=/outlook&CISOPTR=10383&REC=13 | title=COMPLETE PROGRAM OF MOTORDROME RACES | publisher=The Daily Outlook (Santa Monica, California) | date=March 15, 1910 | accessdate=August 11, 2012 | pages=6}}</ref> Notable racers ], ], ], ], ], and ] were all in attendance.<ref name=socalarchhist /><!--did they compete, exhibit, or just show up?--> While Prince was overseeing construction, Moskovics traveled east to promote the venture and secure commitments from notable competitors.<ref name="laherald012710">{{cite web | url=http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn85042462/1910-01-23/ed-1/seq-27/ | title=CRACK DRIVERS WILL CONTEST AT MOTORDROME | publisher=] | date=January 23, 1910 | accessdate=August 11, 2012}}</ref><ref name="laherald022410">{{cite web | url=http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn85042462/1910-02-24/ed-1/seq-16/ | title=PLANS CIRCUIT OF MOTORDROMES | publisher=] | date=February 24, 1910 | accessdate=August 11, 2012}}</ref> The opening event at the Motordrome was a nine-day series of races and exhibitions that ran from April 8, 1910 to April 17.<ref name="smoutlook031510">{{cite web | url=http://digital.smpl.org/cdm4/document.php?CISOROOT=/outlook&CISOPTR=10383&REC=13 | title=COMPLETE PROGRAM OF MOTORDROME RACES | publisher=The Daily Outlook (Santa Monica, California) | date=March 15, 1910 | accessdate=August 11, 2012 | pages=6}}</ref> Notable racers ], ], ], ], ], and ] were all in attendance.<ref name=socalarchhist /><!--did they compete, exhibit, or just show up?-->


The Motordrome's promoters had promised that world records would fall at the new race track, and efforts were made to deliver as quickly as possible.<ref name=socalarchhist /><ref name="laherald012610">{{cite web | url=http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn85042462/1910-01-16/ed-1/seq-26/ | title=EXPECT SPEED ON NEW SAUCER TRACK | publisher=] | date=January 16, 1910 | accessdate=August 11, 2012}}</ref> Prince had predicted 35-second lap times prior to construction, and laps of just over 36 seconds were produced in a preliminary contest between Oldfield and DePalma, prior to opening day, breaking a one-mile record of 37.7 seconds previously set by Strang.<ref name=socalarchhist /><ref name=laherald012610 /><ref name="sfcall040410">{{cite web | url=http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn85066387/1910-04-04/ed-1/seq-9/ | title=DEPALMA TRAVELS A MILE IN 36 1-5 | publisher=The San Francisco Call | date=April 04, 1910 | accessdate=August 11, 2012}}</ref> By the time the inaugural race meet concluded, additional records were set for {{convert|5|mi|adj=on}} (DePalma, 3:15.62) and {{convert|10|mi|adj=on}} (George Robertson, 6:31) runs.<ref name="horselessage">{{cite news | url=http://www.chuckstoyland.com/national/racing/HA%204%2013%2010%20p537%20RACE.jpg | title=Wholesale Shattering of Records at Los Angeles | work=The Horseless Age | date=April 13, 1910 | accessdate=August 11, 2012 | pages=537}}</ref> The Motordrome's promoters had promised that world records would fall at the new race track, and efforts were made to deliver as quickly as possible.<ref name=socalarchhist /><ref name="laherald012610">{{cite web | url=http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn85042462/1910-01-16/ed-1/seq-26/ | title=EXPECT SPEED ON NEW SAUCER TRACK | publisher=] | date=January 16, 1910 | accessdate=August 11, 2012}}</ref> Prince had predicted 35-second lap times prior to construction, and laps of just over 36 seconds were produced in a preliminary contest between Oldfield and DePalma, prior to opening day, breaking a one-mile record of 37.7 seconds previously set by Strang.<ref name=socalarchhist /><ref name=laherald012610 /><ref name="sfcall040410">{{cite web | url=http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn85066387/1910-04-04/ed-1/seq-9/ | title=DEPALMA TRAVELS A MILE IN 36 1-5 | publisher=The San Francisco Call | date=April 4, 1910 | accessdate=August 11, 2012}}</ref> By the time the inaugural race meet concluded, additional records were set for {{convert|5|mi|adj=on}} (DePalma, 3:15.62) and {{convert|10|mi|adj=on}} (George Robertson, 6:31) runs.<ref name="horselessage">{{cite news | url=http://www.chuckstoyland.com/national/racing/HA%204%2013%2010%20p537%20RACE.jpg | title=Wholesale Shattering of Records at Los Angeles | work=The Horseless Age | date=April 13, 1910 | accessdate=August 11, 2012 | pages=537}}</ref>


Because only a limited number of AAA-sanctioned auto racing events were available, motorcycle races were also held to keep the Motordrome fully utilized.<ref name=socalarchhist /> The first major motorcycling event was held on May 8, 1910, with notable early motorcycle racer ] establishing new records for {{convert|25|mi|adj=on}}, {{convert|50|mi|adj=on}}, {{convert|100|mi|adj=on}} and one-hour runs.<ref name="mi0510">{{cite web | url=http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-EEW5cV2NzA0/TaNyXtfShgI/AAAAAAAACn4/EX_TI9WoNwc/s1600/Indian+DeRosier.jpg | title=World's Records come easy to The Indian | publisher=Motorcycle Illustrated | date=May 15, 1910 | accessdate=August 11, 2012}}</ref> Because only a limited number of AAA-sanctioned auto racing events were available, motorcycle races were also held to keep the Motordrome fully utilized.<ref name=socalarchhist /> The first major motorcycling event was held on May 8, 1910, with notable early motorcycle racer ] establishing new records for {{convert|25|mi|adj=on}}, {{convert|50|mi|adj=on}}, {{convert|100|mi|adj=on}} and one-hour runs.<ref name="mi0510">{{cite web | url=http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-EEW5cV2NzA0/TaNyXtfShgI/AAAAAAAACn4/EX_TI9WoNwc/s1600/Indian+DeRosier.jpg | title=World's Records come easy to The Indian | publisher=Motorcycle Illustrated | date=May 15, 1910 | accessdate=August 11, 2012}}</ref>


In 1911, the Motordrome hosted its first 24-hour endurance race, won by Valentine Hust and Frank Verbeck in a ], completing {{convert|1491|mi}} at an average speed of {{convert|62-1/8|mph}}.<ref name="nyt040911">{{cite web | url=http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F30B1EFA3F5D16738DDDA90994DC405B818DF1D3 | title=FIAT CAR MAKES NEW WORLD'S MARK | publisher=] | date=April 9, 1911 | accessdate=August 11, 2012}}</ref> In May of that same year, "Texas Cyclone" ] set a new {{convert|1|mi|adj=on}} motorcycle record at the Motordrome, reaching {{convert|95|mph}}.<ref name=socalarchhist /> That record fell in December 1912 to Lee Humiston, who broke {{convert|100|mph}} while riding an ], a speed never reached or bested by any of the automobiles.<ref name=socalarchhist /><ref name="statnekov5">{{cite web | url=http://www.statnekov.com/motorcycles/lives5.html | title=Pioneers of American Motorcycle Racing - Chapter 5 | accessdate=August 11, 2012 | author=Statnekov, Daniel K.}}</ref> In 1911, the Motordrome hosted its first 24-hour endurance race, won by Valentine Hust and Frank Verbeck in a ], completing {{convert|1491|mi}} at an average speed of {{convert|62+1/8|mph}}.<ref name="nyt040911">{{cite web | url=http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F30B1EFA3F5D16738DDDA90994DC405B818DF1D3 | title=FIAT CAR MAKES NEW WORLD'S MARK | work=] | date=April 9, 1911 | accessdate=August 11, 2012}}</ref> In May of that same year, "Texas Cyclone" ] set a new {{convert|1|mi|adj=on}} motorcycle record at the Motordrome, reaching {{convert|95|mph}}.<ref name=socalarchhist /> That record fell in December 1912 to Lee Humiston, who broke {{convert|100|mph}} while riding an ], a speed never reached or bested by any of the automobiles.<ref name=socalarchhist /><ref name="statnekov5">{{cite web | url=http://www.statnekov.com/motorcycles/lives5.html | title=Pioneers of American Motorcycle Racing - Chapter 5 | accessdate=August 11, 2012 | author=Statnekov, Daniel K.}}</ref>


==Aviation== ==Aviation==
] ]
Plans to include aviation uses were made early-on, with Moskovics inviting the ] and aircraft manufacturers, including the ] and ], to make use of the Motordrome's facility for experimentation and exhibition.<ref name=laherald022410 /><ref name="laherald021310">{{cite web | url=http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn85042462/1910-02-13/ed-1/seq-32/ | title=AERO CLUB TO HAVE STATION | publisher=] | date=February 13, 1910 | accessdate=August 11, 2012}}</ref> The Aero Club constructed a hangar large enough for 16 machines at the track, and on some occasions automobiles were used to tow un-powered aircraft.<ref name=socalarchhist /><ref name="aeronautics">{{cite journal | title=the Aeronautical Society of America | journal=Aeronautics | year=1910 | month=June | volume=5-7 | pages=213}}</ref><ref name="laherald052010">{{cite web | url=http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn85042462/1910-05-20/ed-1/seq-2/ | title=AERO CLUB INVITES THE PUBLIC TO BIG PICNIC | publisher=] | date=May 20, 1910 | accessdate=August 11, 2012}}</ref> Later in 1910, Curtiss moved to California from New York and set up a shop and a flight school at the Motordrome, and used the facility for ] experiments for a time before moving that work to ].<ref name=socalarchhist /><ref name="laherald120710">{{cite web | url=http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn85042462/1910-12-07/ed-1/seq-1/ | title=Glenn H. Curtiss Here to Conduct Air Experiments | publisher=] | date=December 7, 1910 | accessdate=August 11, 2012}}</ref> Plans to include aviation uses were made early-on, with Moskovics inviting the ] and aircraft manufacturers, including the ] and ], to make use of the Motordrome's facility for experimentation and exhibition.<ref name=laherald022410 /><ref name="laherald021310">{{cite web | url=http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn85042462/1910-02-13/ed-1/seq-32/ | title=AERO CLUB TO HAVE STATION | publisher=] | date=February 13, 1910 | accessdate=August 11, 2012}}</ref> The Aero Club constructed a hangar large enough for 16 machines at the track, and on some occasions automobiles were used to tow un-powered aircraft.<ref name=socalarchhist /><ref name="aeronautics">{{cite journal | title=the Aeronautical Society of America | journal=Aeronautics |date=June 1910 | volume=5-7 | pages=213}}</ref><ref name="laherald052010">{{cite web | url=http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn85042462/1910-05-20/ed-1/seq-2/ | title=AERO CLUB INVITES THE PUBLIC TO BIG PICNIC | publisher=] | date=May 20, 1910 | accessdate=August 11, 2012}}</ref> Later in 1910, Curtiss moved to California from New York and set up a shop and a flight school at the Motordrome, and used the facility for ] experiments for a time before moving that work to ].<ref name=socalarchhist /><ref name="laherald120710">{{cite web | url=http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn85042462/1910-12-07/ed-1/seq-1/ | title=Glenn H. Curtiss Here to Conduct Air Experiments | publisher=] | date=December 7, 1910 | accessdate=August 11, 2012}}</ref>


==Demise and legacy== ==Demise and legacy==
On August 11, 1913, a fire blamed on vagrants burned part of the Motordrome's race track.<ref name=gnerre /><ref name="sfcall081313">{{cite web | url=http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn85066387/1913-08-13/ed-1/seq-7/ | title=MOTORDROME DESTROYED | publisher=The San Francisco Call | date=August 13, 1913 | accessdate=August 11, 2012}}</ref> Though the facility was not fully destroyed, the owners elected not to rebuild it, in part because the trolley line had out-lived its useful life.<ref name=socalarchhist /> Nevertheless, the track had made its mark and there was widespread interest in building others like it.<ref name="nyt041710">{{cite news | url=http://query.nytimes.com/mem/archive-free/pdf?res=FA0B14F63E5D11738DDDAE0994DC405B808DF1D3 | title=Motordrome Idea Well Liked | work=] | date=April 17, 1910 | accessdate=August 11, 2012}}</ref><ref name="nyt052910">{{cite news | url=http://query.nytimes.com/mem/archive-free/pdf?res=F40911F73A5D16738DDDA00A94DD405B808DF1D3 | title=WANT MOTORDROME FOR LOCAL AUTOISTS | work=] | date=May 29, 1910 | accessdate=August 11, 2012}}</ref><ref name="nyt060510">{{cite news | url=http://query.nytimes.com/mem/archive-free/pdf?res=F70812FE355D16738DDDAC0894DE405B808DF1D3 | title=PLANS MOTORDROME FOR PHILADELPHIA | work=] | date=June 5, 1910 | accessdate=August 11, 2012}}</ref> By 1929, at least 24 board tracks had been constructed around the country.<ref name=borgesonapx>{{cite book|last=Borgeson|first=Griffith|title=The Golden Age of the American Racing Car|year=1998|publisher=]|isbn=9780768000238|pages=323|chapter=Apendix II}}</ref> On August 11, 1913, a fire blamed on vagrants burned part of the Motordrome's race track.<ref name=gnerre /><ref name="sfcall081313">{{cite web | url=http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn85066387/1913-08-13/ed-1/seq-7/ | title=MOTORDROME DESTROYED | publisher=The San Francisco Call | date=August 13, 1913 | accessdate=August 11, 2012}}</ref> Though the facility was not fully destroyed, the owners elected not to rebuild it, in part because the trolley line had out-lived its useful life.<ref name=socalarchhist /> Nevertheless, the track had made its mark and there was widespread interest in building others like it.<ref name="nyt041710">{{cite news | url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1910/04/17/102038249.pdf | title=Motordrome Idea Well Liked | work=] | date=April 17, 1910 | accessdate=August 11, 2012}}</ref><ref name="nyt052910">{{cite news | url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1910/05/29/105079767.pdf | title=WANT MOTORDROME FOR LOCAL AUTOISTS | work=] | date=May 29, 1910 | accessdate=August 11, 2012}}</ref><ref name="nyt060510">{{cite news | url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1910/06/05/105080474.pdf | title=PLANS MOTORDROME FOR PHILADELPHIA | work=] | date=June 5, 1910 | accessdate=August 11, 2012}}</ref> By 1929, at least 24 board tracks had been constructed around the country.<ref name=borgesonapx>{{cite book|last=Borgeson|first=Griffith|title=The Golden Age of the American Racing Car|year=1998|publisher=]|isbn=9780768000238|pages=323|chapter=Appendix II}}</ref>


== See also == == See also ==
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Latest revision as of 07:16, 15 August 2024

Racetrack and airfield (1910-1913)

33°58′05″N 118°26′20″W / 33.968°N 118.439°W / 33.968; -118.439

Los Angeles Motordrome
Los Angeles Motordrome as depicted on a vintage postcard; Ballona watershed visible in background.
LocationMotordrome, near Playa del Rey, California, United States
Opened1910 (1910)
Circular
SurfaceWood
Length1.0 miles (1.6 km)
Turns1

The Los Angeles Motordrome was a circular 1-mile (1.6 km) wood board race track. It was located in Playa del Rey, California, and opened in 1910. In addition to automobile racing, it was used for motorcycle competition and aviation activities.

The Motordrome was a scaled-up version of a bicycling velodrome, and was built by Jack Prince, a pre-eminent constructor of velodromes at the time. It was the first of numerous board tracks built for auto racing in the 1910s and 1920s. As an early example of a race track purpose-built for competition, it marked the first use of then-innovative safety features that later became common to most tracks. The Motordrome was highly successful, attracting many competitors and large crowds of paying spectators, but it lasted just three years. A fire destroyed the track in January 1913.

Background

Velodrome and board track builder Jack Prince. Photo is from 1916.

The Motordrome was the brainchild of Hungarian-born mechanical engineer Frederick Moskovics, who at the time was an employee of Remy Electric, and who later became an early member of the Society of Automotive Engineers and eventually, president of the Stutz Motor Company. Moskovics had previously worked for Maybach and Daimler-Motoren-Gesellschaft, and through these connections had become involved in racing as the manager of Daimler's racing team in 1904.

Years before, as a student, Moskovics had pursued an interest in bicycle racing, and had made the acquaintance of champion bicycle racer Jack Prince. Prince, an Englishman, had emigrated to the United States after the end of his racing career and developed a thriving business building velodromes. By 1909, Prince had built the Los Angeles Coliseum Motordrome, a velodrome-like motorcycle racing facility that was just over 1⁄4 mile (0.40 km) in circumference.

Around the time that Moskovics' career brought him to Los Angeles, in 1909, Carl Fisher was developing the Indianapolis Motor Speedway, and automobile racing was gaining momentum as a business. To bring racing to Los Angeles, Moskovics partnered with his old friend Prince; a group of local businessmen including oil man and racing enthusiast Frank A. Garbutt; and the Pacific Electric Railway Company, which supplied spectators by building a line to the new track. Public announcements were made and contracts were let in January 1910, and race dates for officially-sanctioned contests were obtained from the Automobile Association of America's Contest Board.

Construction

The Motordrome incorporated many features that were new ideas at the time, and eventually became common to many race tracks.

Construction began on January 31, 1910 and was scheduled for just 25 days to complete the racing surface and another 30 to build the grandstands and the rest of the facilities. The cost was $75,000 (about $1.7 million in 2012 dollars), and an additional $10,000 was invested in arc lighting equipment for night racing. Pine was used for the track surface, as that species was thought to be the most resistant to sun exposure, and the track was treated with a coating made from crushed sea shells to improve traction. Two shiploads of lumber were used, comprising 300 miles of 2-inch (51 mm) x 4-inch (100 mm) boards. The track was 75 feet (23 m) wide, including a 30-foot (9.1 m) apron of crushed rock, and banked at a 1:3 ratio, making the outer rim 25 feet (7.6 m) off the ground.

Around the inner circumference, there was a 125-foot (38 m) buffer between the racing surface and the spectator fence, including a 10-foot (3.0 m) sand trap. At Garbutt's suggestion, a sturdy guard rail was erected around the outer rim. Another guard rail was erected around the inner edge of the track, at a height calculated by Moskovics to coincide with the wheel hubs of racing cars, and a second rail was erected just above the first to arrest the tendency of cars to overturn.

While the racing facilities were being built, Pacific Electric Railway constructed a special 3⁄4-mile (1.2 km) track spur to deliver spectators via Red Car trolley. The Motordrome stop of Redondo Beach via Playa del Rey Line persisted on USGS survey maps into the 1930s.

Due to the raised outer rim of the circular raceway, viewing was completely closed off from outside the grounds. Seating was provided for 40,000 spectators, including a covered grandstand built to hold 12,000. Access to the infield and pits was provided by three cement-lined tunnels.

Racing history

A head-to-head grudge match between Barney Oldfield and Ralph DePalma was an opening day attraction.

While Prince was overseeing construction, Moskovics traveled east to promote the venture and secure commitments from notable competitors. The opening event at the Motordrome was a nine-day series of races and exhibitions that ran from April 8, 1910 to April 17. Notable racers Barney Oldfield, Ralph DePalma, Lewis Strang, Ray Harroun, Joe Nikrent, and Caleb Bragg were all in attendance.

The Motordrome's promoters had promised that world records would fall at the new race track, and efforts were made to deliver as quickly as possible. Prince had predicted 35-second lap times prior to construction, and laps of just over 36 seconds were produced in a preliminary contest between Oldfield and DePalma, prior to opening day, breaking a one-mile record of 37.7 seconds previously set by Strang. By the time the inaugural race meet concluded, additional records were set for 5-mile (8.0 km) (DePalma, 3:15.62) and 10-mile (16 km) (George Robertson, 6:31) runs.

Because only a limited number of AAA-sanctioned auto racing events were available, motorcycle races were also held to keep the Motordrome fully utilized. The first major motorcycling event was held on May 8, 1910, with notable early motorcycle racer Jake DeRosier establishing new records for 25-mile (40 km), 50-mile (80 km), 100-mile (160 km) and one-hour runs.

In 1911, the Motordrome hosted its first 24-hour endurance race, won by Valentine Hust and Frank Verbeck in a Fiat, completing 1,491 miles (2,400 km) at an average speed of 62+1⁄8 miles per hour (100.0 km/h). In May of that same year, "Texas Cyclone" Eddie Hasha set a new 1-mile (1.6 km) motorcycle record at the Motordrome, reaching 95 miles per hour (153 km/h). That record fell in December 1912 to Lee Humiston, who broke 100 miles per hour (160 km/h) while riding an Excelsior, a speed never reached or bested by any of the automobiles.

Aviation

Aviation exhibitions were also a spectator attraction.

Plans to include aviation uses were made early-on, with Moskovics inviting the Aero Club of America and aircraft manufacturers, including the Wright Brothers and Glenn Curtiss, to make use of the Motordrome's facility for experimentation and exhibition. The Aero Club constructed a hangar large enough for 16 machines at the track, and on some occasions automobiles were used to tow un-powered aircraft. Later in 1910, Curtiss moved to California from New York and set up a shop and a flight school at the Motordrome, and used the facility for sea plane experiments for a time before moving that work to San Diego.

Demise and legacy

On August 11, 1913, a fire blamed on vagrants burned part of the Motordrome's race track. Though the facility was not fully destroyed, the owners elected not to rebuild it, in part because the trolley line had out-lived its useful life. Nevertheless, the track had made its mark and there was widespread interest in building others like it. By 1929, at least 24 board tracks had been constructed around the country.

See also

References

  1. ^ Gnerre, Sam (January 12, 2011). "Los Angeles Motordrome". South Bay History. Retrieved 24 July 2012.
  2. ^ Glick, Shav (October 14, 1987). "BOARD TRACKS : Before Indianapolis, L.A.'s Toothpick Ovals Were King". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved July 31, 2012.
  3. ^ Borgeson, Griffith (1998). The Golden Age of the American Racing Car. SAE International. pp. 15–24. ISBN 9780768000238.
  4. ^ Crosse, John (March 12, 2011). "Playa del Rey: Speed Capital of the World, The Los(t) Angeles Motordrome, 1910-1913". Southern California Architectural History. Retrieved August 11, 2012.
  5. Statnekov, Daniel K. "Pioneers of American Motorcycle Racing - Chapter 2". Retrieved August 10, 2012.
  6. ^ "The New Los Angeles Motordrome". Automotive Industries. 22: 174. January 1910.
  7. "MOTORDROME IS A CERTAINTY". Los Angeles Herald. January 28, 1910. Retrieved August 11, 2012.
  8. "CONTRACT IS LET FOR BUILDING MOTORDROME AT PLAYA DEL REY". Los Angeles Herald. January 28, 1910. Retrieved August 11, 2012.
  9. "GLIDDEN TROPHY FOR NATIONAL AUTO RUN" (PDF). The New York Times. January 26, 1910. Retrieved August 11, 2012.
  10. "WORK ON AUTO TRACK RUSHED". Los Angeles Herald. February 1, 1910. Retrieved August 11, 2012.
  11. "CPI Inflation Calculator". U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Retrieved 11 August 2012.
  12. ^ "LOS ANGELES'S BOARD TRACK". Motor World Wholesale. 22–23: 92. 1910.
  13. "TO BUILD ONE-MILE CIRCULAR MOTORDROME NEAR DEL REY". The Daily Outlook (Santa Monica, CA). December 21, 1909. Retrieved August 11, 2012.
  14. "Venice (Los Angeles County) 1930 1:24,000 (3.2MB)". Perry-Castañeda Library Map Collection - California Topographic Maps.
  15. "CRACK DRIVERS WILL CONTEST AT MOTORDROME". Los Angeles Herald. January 23, 1910. Retrieved August 11, 2012.
  16. ^ "PLANS CIRCUIT OF MOTORDROMES". Los Angeles Herald. February 24, 1910. Retrieved August 11, 2012.
  17. "COMPLETE PROGRAM OF MOTORDROME RACES". The Daily Outlook (Santa Monica, California). March 15, 1910. p. 6. Retrieved August 11, 2012.
  18. ^ "EXPECT SPEED ON NEW SAUCER TRACK". Los Angeles Herald. January 16, 1910. Retrieved August 11, 2012.
  19. "DEPALMA TRAVELS A MILE IN 36 1-5". The San Francisco Call. April 4, 1910. Retrieved August 11, 2012.
  20. "Wholesale Shattering of Records at Los Angeles". The Horseless Age. April 13, 1910. p. 537. Retrieved August 11, 2012.
  21. "World's Records come easy to The Indian". Motorcycle Illustrated. May 15, 1910. Retrieved August 11, 2012.
  22. "FIAT CAR MAKES NEW WORLD'S MARK". The New York Times. April 9, 1911. Retrieved August 11, 2012.
  23. Statnekov, Daniel K. "Pioneers of American Motorcycle Racing - Chapter 5". Retrieved August 11, 2012.
  24. "AERO CLUB TO HAVE STATION". Los Angeles Herald. February 13, 1910. Retrieved August 11, 2012.
  25. "the Aeronautical Society of America". Aeronautics. 5–7: 213. June 1910.
  26. "AERO CLUB INVITES THE PUBLIC TO BIG PICNIC". Los Angeles Herald. May 20, 1910. Retrieved August 11, 2012.
  27. "Glenn H. Curtiss Here to Conduct Air Experiments". Los Angeles Herald. December 7, 1910. Retrieved August 11, 2012.
  28. "MOTORDROME DESTROYED". The San Francisco Call. August 13, 1913. Retrieved August 11, 2012.
  29. "Motordrome Idea Well Liked" (PDF). The New York Times. April 17, 1910. Retrieved August 11, 2012.
  30. "WANT MOTORDROME FOR LOCAL AUTOISTS" (PDF). The New York Times. May 29, 1910. Retrieved August 11, 2012.
  31. "PLANS MOTORDROME FOR PHILADELPHIA" (PDF). The New York Times. June 5, 1910. Retrieved August 11, 2012.
  32. Borgeson, Griffith (1998). "Appendix II". The Golden Age of the American Racing Car. SAE International. p. 323. ISBN 9780768000238.
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