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'''Jessore District''' (]: যশোর, pronounced Jaw-shore, ]: Jessore), ] spelled '''Jashore District''' from April 2018,<ref>{{cite news |title=Bangladesh changes English spellings of five districts |url=https://bdnews24.com/bangladesh/bangladesh-changes-english-spellings-of-five-districts |work=] |location=Dhaka |date=2018-02-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230207090212/https://bdnews24.com/bangladesh/bangladesh-changes-english-spellings-of-five-districts |access-date=2018-04-02|archive-date=7 February 2023 }}</ref><ref name=AlHasnat2018>{{cite news |author=Mahadi Al Hasnat |date=2 April 2018 |title=Mixed reactions as govt changes English spellings of 5 district names |url=https://www.dhakatribune.com/bangladesh/142256/mixed-reactions-as-govt-changes-english-spellings |newspaper=] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240206234258/https://www.dhakatribune.com/bangladesh/142256/mixed-reactions-as-govt-changes-english-spellings |access-date=8 April 2018|archive-date=6 February 2024 }}</ref><ref name=Eagle2018>{{cite news |last1=Eagle |first1=Andrew |title='A' is for 'orange' |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/opinion/society/orange-1556602 |access-date=10 January 2021 |work=The Daily Star |date=2 April 2018 |language=en}}</ref> is a ] in southwestern ]. It is bordered by ] to the west, ] and ] districts to the south, Khulna and ] to the east, and ] and ] districts to the north. ] is the capital of the district. Jessore is the home of the ancestors of the great Bengali poet ]. Jashore was the first independent district of Bangladesh in 1971.
Jessore district was established in 1781. It consists of 8 municipalities, 8 ], 92 unions, 1,329 ], 1,477 villages and 120 ]. The upazilas are: ], ], ], ], ], ], ], and ].
'''Jessore''' ({{lang-bn|যশোর}} or {{lang-bn|যশোহর}}) is a ] located in the ] of southwestern ]. It is bordered by ] to the west.<ref>
{{cite web |url=http://www.questia.com/library/encyclopedia/jessore.jsp |title=Jessore: 💕 Articles at Questia.com Online Library |publisher=www.questia.com |accessdate=2008-06-26 |last= |first=}}</ref>
The district produces a variety of crops year-round. Date-sugar, called ''patali,'' is made from the sap of locally grown date trees. It is cooked, thickened and crystallised using a traditional method. Patali is mainly produced in ], but many date trees are cultivated in the ] and ] areas.
Jessore district was established in 1781. It consists of 4 municipalities, 36 wards, 8 upazilas, 92 unions, 1329 mouzas, 1434 villages and 120 mahallas. ] are: ], ], ], ], ], ], ], and ].
The district produces a variety of crops. ], called ''patali'', is made from the sap of locally grown date trees. It is cooked, thickened and crystallised using a traditional method. Patali is mainly produced in ], but many date trees are cultivated in the Keshabpur Upazila and Manirampur Upazila areas.
Jessore town, which stands on the Bhairab, consists of 9 wards and 73 mahalls. Jessore municipality was established in 1864. The area of the town is 25.72 km<sup>2</sup>. The town has a population of 117,8273; male 52.97%, female 47.03%. The Literacy rate among the town people is 56.57%. The town has one dakbungalow.
==History==
==History==
{{Main|History of Jessore}}
Jessore is a kingdom and Raja Propadittyo is the king of the Jessore kingdom.
Jessore district once belonged to the ancient ] kingdom of Samatat Janapada. At the timeof the ] in 1947, Jessore was partiallydivided.Except for the ]and ] thanas,theentiredistrictbecamepartof ].
Jessore district once belonged to the ancient ] of ] (বঙ্গ) Janapada. In the 15th century, Jessore was a part of the kingdom of ]. It was then conquered by the Mughals.
British administration was fully established in Jessore district in 1781 when the governor-general ordered the opening of a court at Murali near Jessore.<ref>{{cite EB1911 |wstitle=Jessore |volume=15 |page=337}}</ref> In 1947, Jessore was divided between India and Pakistan. Except for the ] and ] thanas, the district became part of ].<ref>{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kHQIAAAAQAAJ&q=ancient+Khulna | title=A Report on the District of Jessore: Its Antiquities, Its History, and Its Commerce | publisher=Oxford University Press | author=Westland, James | year=1871}}</ref>
The Bengali soldiers stationed at Jessore cantonment ] against the ] on 29 March 1971. They were led by Captain Hafiz Uddin and Lieutenant Anwar in an uprising in which about 300 soldiers were killed. The rebels killed 50 Pakistani soldiers with machine gun fire at ].
The Bengali soldiers stationed at Jessore cantonment ] against the ] on 29 March 1971. They were led by ] and Lieutenant Anwar in an uprising where 300 soldiers were killed. The rebels killed 50 Pakistani soldiers at ].
On 7 December 1971, Jessore became the first district of Bangladesh to be liberated from Pakistani forces.
==Places to see==
==Geography==
Jessore District encompasses 2606.94 km<sup>2</sup>. It is bounded by ] and ] districts at the north, ] and ] districts at the south, ] and Khulna districts at the east, and ] and ] districts of ] of India at the west. Major rivers that flow through this region are the ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], and the ].<ref name=Banglapedia>{{cite book |author=Mahibullah Siddiqui |chapter=Jessore District |chapter-url=http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Jessore_District |title=Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh |editor=Arif Hossain and Ahmed A. Jamal |publisher=] |year=2012 |edition=Second}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.thedailystar.net/frontpage/sorrow-jessore-lasting-decades-getting-graver-every-year-1332595|title=Sorrow of jessore: Lasting for decades, getting graver every year|date=2016-12-20|work=The Daily Star|access-date=2017-04-11}}</ref>
Village Balia Vakutia is famous for its small Weaving industry(loom) .where produce Shari, Lungi, Gamsa ETC handmade clothes.
Village Rampur has become a tourist attraction for its island-like look surrounded by two rivers, ] and ]. The ] flows through the area.
At ], there is a small village called Dhulgram. It once had a magnificent Hindu complex of 17 temples here, but now only one remains standing. Most of the temples were submerged by the Bhairab River, which flows by the complex. A beautiful terracotta design can be seen all over the temple. It is considered a very holy place by Bengals.
]
In Bhatnagar, Abhaynagar, stands the ruins of an 11-temple complex dedicated to ]. Though the central temple is partially destroyed, the site still shows the majesty of Bengal's glorious past.
===Climate===
* Near the town of Jessore is the suburb Chanchra. A Chanchra ] once stood, but has deteriorated. Visitors can see the Shiv Temple, which is almost restored; the remains of the Dosh Mahabidya Temple, unique in Bangladesh, and Jora Shiv Temple at ] in a deteriorated condition.
Annual average temperature range from {{convert|15.4|to|34.6|°C|°F}}. The annual rainfall is {{convert|1537|mm|in}}.
* Imam Bara, situated at Murolir Mor beside the ], is a historical building constructed by Hazi Muhammad Mohsin.
{{Weather box
* The Jessore Collectorate Building, located in ], is one of the oldest buildings in Jessore.
|metric first = yes
|single line = yes
Sagardari is the birthplace of the poet ]. His large villa consists of a huge garden, a small museum and houses. The front gate of the house has a solid sculpture work. The Kapattakka River is a block away. Around the house are many small shops that sell souvenirs.
|location = Jessore
Near sadar thana village Hamidpur is an ancient ], known as "Shani mosque." It is an example of the high architecture of the ancient Muslim age.
|Jan high C = 22.9
|Feb high C = 27.0
|Mar high C = 33.4
|Apr high C = 41.0
|May high C = 38.1
|Jun high C = 32.6
|Jul high C = 31.4
|Aug high C = 31.6
|Sep high C = 32.1
|Oct high C = 31.5
|Nov high C = 29.2
|Dec high C = 24.9
|year high C =
|Jan mean C = 15.4
|Feb mean C = 19.3
|Mar mean C = 26.1
|Apr mean C = 34.6
|May mean C = 33.0
|Jun mean C = 29.2
|Jul mean C = 28.4
|Aug mean C = 28.6
|Sep mean C = 28.7
|Oct mean C = 27.2
|Nov mean C = 23.1
|Dec mean C = 17.8
|Jan low C = 9.0
|Feb low C = 11.7
|Mar low C = 18.9
|Apr low C = 28.3
|May low C = 27.9
|Jun low C = 25.8
|Jul low C = 25.5
|Aug low C = 25.6
|Sep low C = 25.4
|Oct low C = 23.0
|Nov low C = 17.0
|Dec low C = 10.6
|year low C =
|Jan precipitation mm = 11
|Feb precipitation mm = 19
|Mar precipitation mm = 40
|Apr precipitation mm = 77
|May precipitation mm = 168
|Jun precipitation mm = 314
|Jul precipitation mm = 304
|Aug precipitation mm = 293
|Sep precipitation mm = 245
|Oct precipitation mm = 144
|Nov precipitation mm = 28
|Dec precipitation mm = 8
|year precipitation mm =
|Jan humidity = 46
|Feb humidity = 35
|Mar humidity = 36
|Apr humidity = 44
|May humidity = 60
|Jun humidity = 76
|Jul humidity = 75
|Aug humidity = 76
|Sep humidity = 74
|Oct humidity = 70
|Nov humidity = 51
|Dec humidity = 44
|year humidity =
|source =
|date=January 2014}}
==Demographics==
==Demographics==
{{Historical populations
===District===
|align=center
*Jessore District has a population of 2,440,693 of which 51.22% are male and 48.78% are female.
|percentages=pagr
*85.5% of the population are ]s, 14.21% are ]s and the remaining 0.29% practise another religion. Religious institutions included 3928 mosques, 463 temples, 86 churches and 17 ] temples.
|1974 |1335342
|1981 |1710608
|1991 |2106996
|2001 |2471554
|2011 |2764547
|2022 |3076144
|footnote= Sources:<ref name="2022census" /><ref name="census2011">{{cite web |title=Bangladesh Population and Housing Census 2011 Zila Report – Jessore|url=http://203.112.218.65:8008/WebTestApplication/userfiles/Image/PopCenZilz2011/Zila_Jessore.pdf|website=bbs.gov.bd|publisher=]}}</ref>
}}
According to the ], Jessore District had 798,032 households and a population of 3,076,144 with an average 3.79 people per household. Among the population, 510,121 (16.58%) inhabitants were under 10 years of age. The population density was 1,180 people per km<sup>2</sup>. Jessore District had a literacy rate (age 7 and over) of 77.07%, compared to the national average of 74.80%, and a sex ratio of 1018 females per 1000 males. Approximately, 23.39% of the population lived in urban areas. The ethnic population was 5,386.<ref name="2022census">{{Cite book |url=https://bbs.portal.gov.bd/sites/default/files/files/bbs.portal.gov.bd/page/b343a8b4_956b_45ca_872f_4cf9b2f1a6e0/2023-11-20-05-20-e6676a7993679bfd72a663e39ef0cca7.pdf |title=Population and Housing Census 2022 National Report |publisher=] |date=November 2023 |isbn= |volume=1 |pages=}}</ref>
*The average literacy rate is 45.2% — very low compared to the rest of the world, but average in Bangladesh. 41% of males are literate, while only 25.1% of females are.
{{bar box
*The main occupations are: agriculture 39.84%, agricultural labourer 24.13%, wage labourer 2.68%, commerce 11.99%, service 8.66%, industry 1.41%, transport 3.11% and others 8.18%.
|title=Religions in Jessore District (2022)<ref name="2022census"/>
|titlebar=#Fcd116
|left1=Religion
|right1=Percent
|float=left
|bars=
{{bar percent|]|green|89.62}}
{{bar percent|]|darkorange|10.19}}
{{bar percent|Other or not stated|black|0.19}}
}}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
'''The main crops :''' ], ], ], ], vegetables. Main fruits are date, ], ], ], ] and ]. Main exports are ], jute, ], jackfruit, banana, comb and date ], and vegetables.
|+Religion in present-day Jessore District
! rowspan="2" |Religion
! colspan="2" |1941<ref name="1941religion">{{cite web |title=Census of India, 1941 Volume VI Bengal Province |url=https://dspace.gipe.ac.in/xmlui/bitstream/handle/10973/37365/GIPE-020591.pdf?sequence=3&isAllowed=y |access-date=13 August 2022}}</ref>{{rp|84–85}}{{Efn|1941 figures are for Sadar subdivision and Sarsa thana of Bongaon subdivision of erstwhile Jessore district, which roughly corresponds to the present district.}}
! colspan="2" |1991<ref name="census2011" />
! colspan="2" |1991<ref name="census2011" />
! colspan="2" |2001<ref name="census2011" />
! colspan="2" |2011<ref name="census2011" />
! colspan="2" |2022<ref name="2022census" />
|-
!{{Abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!%
!{{Abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!%
!{{Abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!%
!{{Abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!%
!{{Abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!%
!{{Abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!%
|-
|] ]
|349,554
|62.44%
|1,427,885
|83.47%
|1,822,747
|86.51%
|2,170,973
|87.84%
|2,446,162
|88.48%
|2,756,729
|89.62%
|-
|] ]
|208,647
|37.27%
|277,764
|16.24%
|278,315
|13.21%
|293,841
|11.89%
|310,184
|11.22%
|313,592
|10.19%
|-
|Others{{efn|Including ], ], ], ], ], ]s, or not stated}}
|1,644
|0.29%
|4,959
|0.29%
|5,934
|0.28%
|6,740
|0.27%
|8,201
|0.30%
|5,823
|0.19%
|-
!Total Population
!559,845
!100%
!1,710,608
!100%
!2,106,996
!100%
!2471,554
!100%
!2,764,547
!100%
!3,076,144
!100%
|}
The Muslim population is the majority religion, while Hindus, the largest minority, have been growing much more slowly. There is a community of around 5,300 Christians in the district, mainly in Jhikargachha and Jessore Sadar upazilas.
Jessore is also the place for growing various types of flowers.
The main occupations are agriculture 39.84%, agricultural labour 24.13%, other wage labour 2.68%, commerce 11.99%, service 8.66%, industry 1.41%, transport 3.11% and others 8.18%.
===Town===
*The town area is almost 64 km²;
*The town of Jessore has a population almost half of that of the entire district's — 1,178,273, of which 52.97% are male and 47.03% are female.
*The literacy rate amongst townspeople (68.57%) is significantly higher than that of the entire district.
Jessore District's administrative framework was established in 1781. It consists of the following eight ]
==Geography==
Jessore District encompasses 2578.20 km². It is bounded by ] and ] districts on the north, ] and ] districts on the south, ] and ] districts on the east, and ] of India on the west. Major rivers that flow through this region are the Bhairab and Kapotakhho.
Annual average temperature range from {{convert|9|to|41|°C|°F}}. The annual rainfall is {{convert|1537|mm|in}}.
In January 2011, Jessore reached {{convert|4.5|°C|°F}}, the lowest temperature ever recorded in Bangladesh.<ref>{{cite news |title=Lowest temperature in Jessore |date=January 12, 2011 |work=bdnews24.com |url=http://bdnews24.com/details.php?id=184206&cid=2 }}</ref>
Jessore District's administrative framework was established in 1781. It consists of the following eight upazilas (data from Banglapedia):
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|-
! upazila !! population!!!!upazila !! population
! ] !! Area in <br /> km<sup>2</sup> !! 2011 Census <br /> population
The upazilas are further divided into 4 municipalities, 36 wards, 92 unions, 1329 mouzas, 1434 villages and 120 mahallas.
The upazilas are further divided into 9 municipalities, 36 wards, 92 unions, 1329 mouzas, 1434 villages and 120 mahallas.
==Economy==
===Benapol Land Port===
The main factor of the economics of Jessore is Benapol Land Port which is situated in Sharsha Upazila. Much of the import and export trading between Bangladesh and India is done through this port. On the other side of the border is Petrapole. The port is important for making government import taxes.
==Arts and culture==
] is the last remaining cinema hall in the city of Jessore.]]
There were 21 cinema halls in the district in 2000.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Akbar |first1=Zahid |title=Single-screen theatres going out of fashion in Bangladesh |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/arts-entertainment/news/single-screen-theatres-going-out-fashion-bangladesh-1872076 |work=The Daily Star |date=24 February 2020}}</ref> As of 2021, only six survive: four in smaller towns, and two in the city of Jessore.<ref name="jn3Apr2021">{{cite news |script-title=bn:চিত্রামোড়-নিরালাপট্টি আছে, নেই শুধু সিনেমা হল |trans-title=There is Chitramore-Niralapatti, just no cinema halls |url=https://www.jagonews24.com/entertainment/news/655836 |work=Jago News 24 |date=3 April 2021 |language=bn}}</ref> One of the latter, Tosbir Mohol, once the country's second oldest theater with a revolving stage, is being restored for stage productions.<ref>{{cite news |script-title=bn:যশোরে শতবর্ষী ঘূর্ণায়মান নাট্যমঞ্চ ফিরছে স্বরূপে |trans-title=Jessore's century-old revolving stage is returning to its original form |url=https://www.jugantor.com/todays-paper/city/568344/%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B7%E0%A7%80-%E0%A6%98%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A3%E0%A6%BE%E0%A7%9F%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8-%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%9E%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9A-%E0%A6%AB%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%9B%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%87 |work=Jugantor |date=1 July 2022 |language=bn}}</ref> The other, ], the largest cinema hall in Bangladesh when it was built in 1983, with 1400 seats,<ref name="jn3Apr2021" /> reported record revenues in 2022.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Shahnewaz |first1=Sadi Mohammad |title=The film industry's unforeseen revival |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/weekend-read/news/the-film-industrys-unforeseen-revival-3098901 |work=The Daily Star |date=20 August 2022}}</ref>
Jessore-based theater troupe Bibartan has staged more than 4,000 performances (stage plays, street theater, and works for children) since their founding in 1989.<ref>{{cite news |script-title=bn:নাট্য সংগঠন বিবর্তন যশোরের তিন দশক |url=https://www.jugantor.com/todays-paper/bangla-face/231396/%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF-%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%A0%E0%A6%A8-%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%A8-%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8-%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%95 |work=Jugantor |date=13 October 2019 |language=bn}}</ref>
], established in 1854, is one of the oldest public libraries in the Indian subcontinent.<ref>{{cite book |last=Ahmad |first=Sultan Uddin |year=1994 |title=Librarianship and the State of Libraries in Bangladesh |publisher= Luthfun Nessah Begum|page=98 |isbn=978-984-30-0092-7}}</ref>
==Sports==
]
Football and cricket are the two most popular sports in Jessore. Cricketers from the district represent the ] in the ]. In football, Jessore most notably won the ] in 1976. Notable footballers from the district include ], ], and ]. Lutfor Rahman, a member of the ], also hailed from the district. In 1973, the Jessore Zonal football team hosted a historic game against ] from the ], which ended in a 0–7 defeat.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dhakatribune.com/sport/football/83681/dynamo-moscow%E2%80%99s-visit-to-jessore|title=Dynamo Moscow's visit to Jessore|first=Shishir|last=Hoque|website=Dhaka Tribune|access-date=1 September 2023|archive-date=1 September 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230901113638/https://www.dhakatribune.com/sport/football/83681/dynamo-moscow%E2%80%99s-visit-to-jessore|url-status=live}}</ref> The ], formerly known as the Jessore Stadium, serves as the district's main venue for football and cricket. The Shams-Ul-Huda Football Academy, operated by the Jessore District Sports Association (JDSA), is one of the most notable football academies in the country.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thedailystar.net/sports/football/news/legacy-dreams-1667116|title=A legacy of dreams|first=Anisur|last=Rahman|access-date=April 10, 2024|date=November 30, 2018|website=The Daily Star}}</ref>
==Points of interest==
* ] is the birthplace of the poet ]. His large villa consists of a huge garden, a small museum and houses. The front gate has a solid sculpture work. The Kobodak River is at a stone's throw away.
* Bharat Bhaina (locally called Bharter Dewl) is the relics of ancient Buddhist Temple of the 6th century at ]
* ] is a structure of Mughal's at ]
* ] is one of the outstretched and unique Buddhist Temple of the 8th century among the South -Asia at ]
* Birthplace and residence of ] who was a film actor of undivided India and litterateur mostly known for his two autobiographies:Jakhan Police Chhilam and Jakhan Nayak Chhilam. He is also popular for Mathin's Well at Teknaf where a tribal girl, Mathin suicide herself for him after his return to Kolkata at ]
*] where poet ] learned Persian language at ]
*] at ]
*], a proposed ecopark at ]
* The Capital City of flower in Bangladesh, Godkhali ]...
* Katakhal Bangabandhu Park ]...
* At ], there is a small village called Dhoolgraam. It once had a magnificent complex of 17 ] temples, but only one remains today. Most of the temples were destroyed by the Bhairab River. A terracotta design can be seen all over the temple. It is considered a very holy place by Bengali ]s.
]
* In Vaatnogor at ], ruins of eleven temple complex, dedicated to ], remains. Though the central temple is partially destroyed, the site still shows the majesty of ]'s glorious past.
* A terracotta plaque bearing the image of Mallinath, a female tirthankar (saint) of the Jain religion, was found at the ] in ].<ref name=tourism>{{cite web |author= Duke Khan | access-date = 13 September 2013 |year= 2013 |url = http://touristbd.com/tourism-in-jessore/ | title = Tourism in Jessore. }}</ref> ] in ]. ]] It is believed to be the most ancient relic discovered from this part of the world.<ref name=AmarJessore>{{cite web |author= Duke Khan |access-date= 13 September 2013 |year= 2013 |url= http://www.amarjessore.com/amar_jessore/article.php?ref=moghol&details_id=130 |title= Dam Dam Peerosthan in Manirampur Upazilla. |url-status= dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20150416094957/http://www.amarjessore.com/amar_jessore/article.php?ref=moghol&details_id=130 |archive-date= 16 April 2015 |df= dmy-all }}</ref> The Department at Khulna said that the plaque is at least 1800 years old. It is currently kept at the Khulna Museum.<ref name=khulnadiv>{{cite web |author= Duke Khan |access-date= 17 November 2013 |year= 2013 |url= http://www.khulnadiv.gov.bd/node/830292 |title= A short description of archaeological sights – Khulna Division |url-status= dead |archive-url= https://archive.today/20140902095838/http://www.khulnadiv.gov.bd/node/830292 |archive-date= 2 September 2014 |df= dmy-all }}</ref><ref name=Jessoreinfo>{{cite web |author= Duke Khan |first= and Md. Shariful Islam |work= Jessore Info. | access-date = 13 September 2013 | url = http://manirampur.wapka.mobi | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190102122501/http://manirampur.wapka.mobi/ | archive-date = 2 January 2019 | title = Mound of Dam Dam Peer in Manirampur Upazilla.}} </ref>
* Besides, "Neelkuthi" at village Joypur & "Kachari Ghar" are important archaeological sites in ]
* Imam Bara, at Murolir Mor beside the ], is a historical building constructed by Hazi Muhammad Mohsin.
* The Jessore Collectorate Building, in Doratana, is one of the oldest buildings in Jessore.
* Near ] village Hamidpur has an ancient mosque, known as "Shani mosque." It is an example of the high architecture of Muslim Sultani period.
* Godkhali kalibari
* Panchpukur Baganchara
* Binodia Park
* Upashahar Park
* Jessore Boat-club
* Jess-garden Park
* Rajgonj Baor
* Vobodaho Bil
* Gazir Dorgah
* ]], ] and Air Force Base Matiur Rahman.
* Avaynogor's Khanjahan Ali Jame Mosque
* Jamidar Bari at Shridhorpur
* Konnadah Archajjo Baor at ]
* ] port
* ]
* Fakhir Tika at Godkhali
* Shimulia Mission (Saheb Bari)
* Grave of Birshrestho Lance Nayek Noor Muhammad Sheikh
* Khatura Baor
* Moktarpur Lalu Babu Jamidar Bari
Solo Khada Jamidar Bari, House and birthplace of Ratna Gorva awarded by British Govt. and her son former Health minister of India Dr. Nil Ratan Dhor and his brother Jebon Ratan Dhor
== Transport ==
== Transport ==
Jessore has well connected road, rail and air transport links to other major cities and water transport links to Khulna and Mongla of Bangladesh. It boasts one of the first rail networks established in the Indian subcontinent.
Jessore has communication links with nearby districts. It has highways for transportation to both Bangladesh and India.
=== Road ===
Jessore is a junction on the ]-based network of the Western ]. The network has links extended into Indian territory. Service linking the capital ] and the Indian city ] is to start April 2008. Jessore is about midway along the route.
Jessore is located 270 km south west from ] capital of Bangladesh by road and 60 km north from Khulna . It is also connected with the Indian city of ] which is 120 km west through ] via ]. The road from Jessore to Kolkata is a part of the historic ].
=== Railway ===
The ], located near the Jessore city, is an airbase for the ]. Alongside military service, its runways cater to some commercial airlines, such as GMG Airlines, United Airways and Royal Bengal Airlines, for domestic flights.
] is a major junction on the ]-based network of the Western Railway. The network has links extended into Indian territory. Service linking the capital Dhaka and Kolkata April 2008. As well as in 2019 Both India And Bangladesh government agreed to 4 minute stop in Jessore Junction railway station through ] which connect Khulna to Kolkata.
=== Air ===
== Notable educational institutions ==
]
* ]
The ], near the city, is an airfield for the ]. One of the oldest airfield in Bangladesh and the subcontinent. Alongside military service, its runway caters to seven commercial flights daily which includes US Bangla, Novo and Biman Bangladesh Airlines, for domestic flights.
*
*
*Ibn Sina Pre-Cadet School
*Rupdia welfare academy
*]
*]
*]
*]
*]
*]
*]
*]
*]
*]
*]
*]
*
*]
*]
*Hashimpur Secondary High School
*Talbaria Degree College
*
*Navarn Degree College
*Jhikargacha M.L. High School
*Jhikargacha B.M High School
*Shaheed Moshiur Rahman Degree College
*Backra Degree College
*Backra High School
*Matikumra High School
*]
*]
*Sarsa Pilot High School
*Akij Collegiate School
*Lakshmanpur School & College,Post. Lakshmanpur, Sharsa.
*Chowgacha Hazi Sardar Mortoz Ali Madhomik Biddaloi, Chaugacha, Jessore.
*Chowgacha Sara Girls School, Chaugacha, Jessore.
*Chowgacha Degree college, Chaugacha, Jessore.
*Dumurkhaly Dakhil Madrasah, Monirampur, Jessore.
*Jhikargacha M.L. High School, Jhikargacha, Jessore
*Muktijoddha Technical High School,Hasan pur,Keshob pur,Jessore
*Kuadha High School, Monirampur, Jessore.
*Benapole High School, Benapole, Jessore
*Benapole Morium Memorial Girl's High School,Benapole, Jessore
* Sonakur jakira Dakhil madrasha
* Hamid pur high school
* Progoti girls school
* Baliadanga govt. primary school
* Keshabpur Pilot school & college
* Keshabpur Degree College
* Keshabpur Girls School
* Keshabpur Girls College
* Jessore Technical School and Collage
*]
*]
*]
*]
*]
== Education ==
== Notable natives and residents ==
*] - ] and ]
*] - ] and ]
*Moshiur Rahman - The highest-ranked political leader of the Bangladesh independence movement; he was assassinated by Pakistani occupying forces. He was the closest disciple of ], a founding member of Awami League, Member of the Parliament, Minister of Law and Justice, Freedom fighter against the British occupation of India, leading voice in Bangla Language Movement, and a lawyer.
* S M Babar, freedom fighter.
== See also ==
===Universities===
* ]
* ]
===Medical colleges===
* ]
* ]
===Colleges===
There are 56 master's level, degree (honors), and degree (pass) colleges in the district:<ref name="College of Jashore">{{cite web |title=List of Colleges |url=http://banbeis.portal.gov.bd/sites/default/files/files/banbeis.portal.gov.bd/files/29479d98_ae35_4471_9087_0924aacd88d3/clg%20(1).xlsx |website=Bangladesh Bureau of Education Information and Statistics |format=Excel}}</ref>
* ], Jashore
* A.B.C.D College
* Amdabad College Jessore
* Bagharpara Degree College
* Bagharpara Mohila College
* Bankra Degree College
* Benapol Degree College, Sharsha
* Bhabadaha Mahavidyalaya
* Bhoyrab Adarsha Mahabyddalya
* Cantonment College, Jessore
* Chowgacha Government College, Chowgacha, Jessore
;List of daily newspapers<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.jessore.gov.bd/node/18612|script-title=bn:পত্র পত্রিকা|work=jessore.gov.bd|access-date=16 July 2014|archive-url=https://archive.today/20140718004325/http://www.jessore.gov.bd/node/18612|archive-date=18 July 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* Daily Runner
* Daily Noapara
* Daily Kalyan
* Daily Purobi
* Daily Deshitaishy (দৈনিক দেশহিতৈষী)
* Daily Sfulingo (দৈনিক স্ফুলিঙ্গ )
* Daily Jessore
* Daily Loksamaj
* Daily Gramer kagoj
* Daily Pravat Feri
* Daily Samajer Kagoj
* Daily Spandan
* Daily Gramer Kantha
* Daily Joruri Shangbad
; List of weekly magazines
* Weekly Sonali Din
* Weekly Nawapara
* Weekly Banglalok
* Weekly Manabadhikar Sangbad
* Weekly Bojro kolom
* Weekly Sharsha Barta
* Weekly Prattohiki
* Weekly Ganomanos
;List of Fortnightly
* Mot-Motantar
;List of monthly magazines
* Monthly Ghumonter Dak
* Monthly Gramer Sangbad
* Monthly Photo Report
;List of literary magazines
* Bangla Literature
* Ranoveree by Ahmad Ferdous
* চেতনা।
==Notable people ==
* ] – sage and a prominent writer from medieval period
* ] – Bengali poet, philosopher and writer in Vaishnab tradition from medieval period
*] – Medieval Bengali warrior, adhipati or ruler of Kingdom of Jessore.
*] – Bengali poet and playwright.
*] – Bengali poet, playwright and journalist
*] – Bengali writer, social reformer, pioneer in women's movement in India
*] – Bengali chemist, philanthropist and otherwise known as father of modern chemical science in India
* ]- Founder of Amrita Bazar Patrika, Freedom fighter in Independence Struggle of India
*] – nationalist journalist and the chief editor of the newspaper The Tribune
*] – Indian political activist, poet, editor of Amrit Bazar Patrika
* ], ]- Journalist, writer, Member of Bengal Legislative Assembly
* ] – Indian archaeologist who is credited with having discovered 62 Indus Valley Civilization sites in Sindh including Chanhudaro
* ] – freedom fighter, labor activist and politician
* ] – political activist, women's movement pioneer in India
* ] – popularly known as Babita, Bangladeshi Film actress
* ] – writer and editor
* ] – Vaishnab saint, acarya of the Holy Name
* ] – poet and Dalit author
* ] – Islamic scholar, member of the Bengal Legislative Assembly
* ] – politician of the ]
* ] – poet, Islamic scholar and social reformer
* ] – Bangladeshi footballer, ]
* ] – Bangladeshi footballer and field hockey player, ] and ]
* ] – Bangladeshi cricketer, ]
* ] – founder of Grameenphone
* ] – Bangladeshi astrophysicist
* ] – politician, army officer
* ] – writer, poet, professor, freedom fighter and lyricist
* ] – lyricist
* ] – Indian film and television actor
* ] – painter, sculptor, artist
* ] – Bangladesh Army officer who fought and died in the Bangladesh Liberation war. He was posthumously awarded Bir Uttom, the second-highest military honor in Bangladesh
* Kazi Kamrul Hassan – Bangladesh Navy commodore and MD of Khulna Shipyard
* ] – actress, model
* ] – Bengali scientist, social worker and freedom fighter
* ] – 10th Chief Justice of Bangladesh and the 2nd Chief Adviser of Bangladesh
* ] – Indian independence activist
==See also==
{{Portal|Bangladesh}}
* ]
* ]
== Notes ==
== Jessore District Portals ==
{{reflist|group=lower-alpha}}
'''''Jessore District Portals Maintained By Deputy Commissioner'''''
http://www.dcjessore.gov.bd/
==References==
{{Commons category}}
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}
==External links==
==External links==
* {{Official website|jessore.gov.bd}}
*
*Jessore.info The largest district website in Bangladesh. Covers Greater Jessore (Jessore, Jhenaidah, Magura and Narail).
Jessore District (Bengali: যশোর, pronounced Jaw-shore, Anglicised: Jessore), officially spelled Jashore District from April 2018, is a district in southwestern Bangladesh. It is bordered by India to the west, Khulna and Satkhira districts to the south, Khulna and Narail to the east, and Jhenaidah and Magura districts to the north. Jessore is the capital of the district. Jessore is the home of the ancestors of the great Bengali poet Rabindranath Tagore. Jashore was the first independent district of Bangladesh in 1971.
The district produces a variety of crops. Date sugar, called patali, is made from the sap of locally grown date trees. It is cooked, thickened and crystallised using a traditional method. Patali is mainly produced in Khajura, but many date trees are cultivated in the Keshabpur Upazila and Manirampur Upazila areas.
Jessore district once belonged to the ancient Janapada of Vanga (বঙ্গ) Janapada. In the 15th century, Jessore was a part of the kingdom of Pratapaditya. It was then conquered by the Mughals.
British administration was fully established in Jessore district in 1781 when the governor-general ordered the opening of a court at Murali near Jessore. In 1947, Jessore was divided between India and Pakistan. Except for the Bangaon and Gaighata thanas, the district became part of East Pakistan.
The Bengali soldiers stationed at Jessore cantonment mutinied against the Pakistan Army on 29 March 1971. They were led by Captain Hafiz Uddin and Lieutenant Anwar in an uprising where 300 soldiers were killed. The rebels killed 50 Pakistani soldiers at Chanchara.
According to the 2022 Census of Bangladesh, Jessore District had 798,032 households and a population of 3,076,144 with an average 3.79 people per household. Among the population, 510,121 (16.58%) inhabitants were under 10 years of age. The population density was 1,180 people per km. Jessore District had a literacy rate (age 7 and over) of 77.07%, compared to the national average of 74.80%, and a sex ratio of 1018 females per 1000 males. Approximately, 23.39% of the population lived in urban areas. The ethnic population was 5,386.
The Muslim population is the majority religion, while Hindus, the largest minority, have been growing much more slowly. There is a community of around 5,300 Christians in the district, mainly in Jhikargachha and Jessore Sadar upazilas.
The main occupations are agriculture 39.84%, agricultural labour 24.13%, other wage labour 2.68%, commerce 11.99%, service 8.66%, industry 1.41%, transport 3.11% and others 8.18%.
Jessore District's administrative framework was established in 1781. It consists of the following eight upazilas
The upazilas are further divided into 9 municipalities, 36 wards, 92 unions, 1329 mouzas, 1434 villages and 120 mahallas.
Economy
Benapol Land Port
The main factor of the economics of Jessore is Benapol Land Port which is situated in Sharsha Upazila. Much of the import and export trading between Bangladesh and India is done through this port. On the other side of the border is Petrapole. The port is important for making government import taxes.
Arts and culture
Monihar is the last remaining cinema hall in the city of Jessore.
There were 21 cinema halls in the district in 2000. As of 2021, only six survive: four in smaller towns, and two in the city of Jessore. One of the latter, Tosbir Mohol, once the country's second oldest theater with a revolving stage, is being restored for stage productions. The other, Monihar, the largest cinema hall in Bangladesh when it was built in 1983, with 1400 seats, reported record revenues in 2022.
Jessore-based theater troupe Bibartan has staged more than 4,000 performances (stage plays, street theater, and works for children) since their founding in 1989.
1968 East Pakistan National Football Championship runners-up Jessore District football team.
Football and cricket are the two most popular sports in Jessore. Cricketers from the district represent the South Zone in the Bangladesh Cricket League. In football, Jessore most notably won the National Football Championship in 1976. Notable footballers from the district include Mannaf Rabby, Kowsar Ali, and Rabby Hossen Rahul. Lutfor Rahman, a member of the Shadhin Bangla football team, also hailed from the district. In 1973, the Jessore Zonal football team hosted a historic game against Dinamo Minsk from the Soviet Union, which ended in a 0–7 defeat. The Shamsul Huda Stadium, formerly known as the Jessore Stadium, serves as the district's main venue for football and cricket. The Shams-Ul-Huda Football Academy, operated by the Jessore District Sports Association (JDSA), is one of the most notable football academies in the country.
Points of interest
Sagardari is the birthplace of the poet Michael Madhusudan Dutta. His large villa consists of a huge garden, a small museum and houses. The front gate has a solid sculpture work. The Kobodak River is at a stone's throw away.
Bharat Bhaina (locally called Bharter Dewl) is the relics of ancient Buddhist Temple of the 6th century at Keshabpur
Dhalijhara Buddha Bihar is one of the outstretched and unique Buddhist Temple of the 8th century among the South -Asia at Keshabpur
Birthplace and residence of Dhiraj Bhattacharya who was a film actor of undivided India and litterateur mostly known for his two autobiographies:Jakhan Police Chhilam and Jakhan Nayak Chhilam. He is also popular for Mathin's Well at Teknaf where a tribal girl, Mathin suicide herself for him after his return to Kolkata at Keshabpur
At Abhaynagar Upazila, there is a small village called Dhoolgraam. It once had a magnificent complex of 17 Hindu temples, but only one remains today. Most of the temples were destroyed by the Bhairab River. A terracotta design can be seen all over the temple. It is considered a very holy place by Bengali Hindus.
The main gate of the house of Michael Madhusudan Dutta at Sagardari village in Jessore. This house is currently being used as a museum.
In Vaatnogor at Abhaynagar Upazila, ruins of eleven temple complex, dedicated to Shiva, remains. Though the central temple is partially destroyed, the site still shows the majesty of Bengal's glorious past.
A terracotta plaque bearing the image of Mallinath, a female tirthankar (saint) of the Jain religion, was found at the Mound of Dam Dam Peer in Manirampur Upazila. Mound of Dam Dam Peer in Manirampur Upazila. It is believed to be the most ancient relic discovered from this part of the world. The Department at Khulna said that the plaque is at least 1800 years old. It is currently kept at the Khulna Museum.
Besides, "Neelkuthi" at village Joypur & "Kachari Ghar" are important archaeological sites in Manirampur
Imam Bara, at Murolir Mor beside the Dhaka-Khulna Highway, is a historical building constructed by Hazi Muhammad Mohsin.
The Jessore Collectorate Building, in Doratana, is one of the oldest buildings in Jessore.
Near Jessore Sadar Upazila village Hamidpur has an ancient mosque, known as "Shani mosque." It is an example of the high architecture of Muslim Sultani period.
Grave of Birshrestho Lance Nayek Noor Muhammad Sheikh
Khatura Baor
Moktarpur Lalu Babu Jamidar Bari
Solo Khada Jamidar Bari, House and birthplace of Ratna Gorva awarded by British Govt. and her son former Health minister of India Dr. Nil Ratan Dhor and his brother Jebon Ratan Dhor
Transport
Jessore has well connected road, rail and air transport links to other major cities and water transport links to Khulna and Mongla of Bangladesh. It boasts one of the first rail networks established in the Indian subcontinent.
Road
Jessore is located 270 km south west from Dhaka capital of Bangladesh by road and 60 km north from Khulna . It is also connected with the Indian city of Kolkata which is 120 km west through Benapole land port via AH1. The road from Jessore to Kolkata is a part of the historic Jessore Road.
Railway
Jessore Junction railway station is a major junction on the broad gauge-based network of the Western Railway. The network has links extended into Indian territory. Service linking the capital Dhaka and Kolkata April 2008. As well as in 2019 Both India And Bangladesh government agreed to 4 minute stop in Jessore Junction railway station through Bandhan Express which connect Khulna to Kolkata.
Air
Jashore Airport
The Jessore Airport, near the city, is an airfield for the Bangladesh Air Force. One of the oldest airfield in Bangladesh and the subcontinent. Alongside military service, its runway caters to seven commercial flights daily which includes US Bangla, Novo and Biman Bangladesh Airlines, for domestic flights.
S. M. Imdadul Hoque – Bangladesh Army officer who fought and died in the Bangladesh Liberation war. He was posthumously awarded Bir Uttom, the second-highest military honor in Bangladesh
Kazi Kamrul Hassan – Bangladesh Navy commodore and MD of Khulna Shipyard
1941 figures are for Sadar subdivision and Sarsa thana of Bongaon subdivision of erstwhile Jessore district, which roughly corresponds to the present district.
_College,_Jashore_%E2%80%93_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF_%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B2_%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%A8_(%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%AE_%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%AE)_%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%9C,_%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B0_-_Arts_Building.jpg)
Clockwise from top-left: Jessore Collectorate Building, Jessore Airport, Michael Madhusudan College, Jashore University of Science and Technology
Location of Jessore District in Bangladesh
Bangladesh
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