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{{Short description|American multinational retail corporation operating department stores}}
{{sprotect}}
{{About|the retail chain|other uses}}
{{POV-because|This article contains little information about the controversy surrounding Wal-Mart.}}
{{pp-protected|small=yes}}
{{Use American English|date=April 2015}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=March 2024}}
{{Infobox company
| name = Walmart Inc.
| logo = Walmart logo.svg
| image = Walmart 7.jpg
| image_caption = Walmart location in ]
| trading_name =
| former_name = {{ubli
| Wal-Mart Discount City (1962–1969)
| Wal-Mart, Inc. (1969–1970)
| Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. (1970–2018)
}}
| type = ]
| ISIN = {{ISIN|sl=n|pl=y|US9311421039}}
| industry = ]
| predecessor = Walton's Five and Dime
| traded_as = {{Unbulleted list|{{NYSE|WMT}}|] component|] component|] component}}
| foundation = {{Start date and age|1962|7|2}}, in ]<ref>{{cite web|title=Our History|url=https://corporate.walmart.com/about/history|website=Corporate.Walmart.com|access-date=July 30, 2020|archive-date=February 4, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150204210648/http://corporate.walmart.com/our-story/history/the-walmart-museum|url-status=dead}}</ref>
| founders = ], ]
| location_city = ]
| location_country = United States<br/>{{Coord|36|21|56|N|94|13|03|W|region:US-AR_type:landmark|display=title,inline}}
| locations = 10,586 (2022)<ref name="Unit Counts & Square Footage">{{Cite web |title=Walmart Investor Relations - Financials Investor Relations > Financials |url=https://stock.walmart.com/financials/unit-counts-and-square-footage/default.aspx |access-date=November 15, 2022 |website=stock.walmart.com |archive-date=September 30, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220930072513/https://stock.walmart.com/financials/unit-counts-and-square-footage/default.aspx |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Unit Counts by Country">{{Cite web|title=Walmart Unit Counts by Country October 31, 2022|url=https://s201.q4cdn.com/262069030/files/doc_downloads/2022/FY2023-Q3-Unit-Count-Market-Summary-for-IR.pdf|access-date=November 15, 2022|archive-date=November 15, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221115195441/https://s201.q4cdn.com/262069030/files/doc_downloads/2022/FY2023-Q3-Unit-Count-Market-Summary-for-IR.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="2022 10-K"/>
| area_served = Worldwide
| key_people = {{plainlist|
* ] (])
* ] (], ])
}}
| services = {{hlist|]}}
| revenue = {{nowrap| {{increase}} {{US$|648.12 billion|link=yes}} (]2024)<ref name=N>{{cite web|url=https://s201.q4cdn.com/262069030/files/doc_financials/2024/ar/2024-annual-report-pdf-final-final.pdf|publisher=Walmart|access-date=February 17, 2022|title=Walmart Annual Report 2023|archive-date=February 21, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230221154737/https://s201.q4cdn.com/262069030/files/doc_financials/2023/q4/Earnings-Release-(FY23-Q4)-(final).pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> }}
| operating_income = {{Increase}} {{US$|27.0 billion}} (FY2024)<ref name=N/>
| net_income = {{Increase}} {{US$|16.27 billion}} (FY2024)<ref name= N/>
| assets = {{nowrap| {{Increase}} {{US$|252.399 billion}} (FY2024)<ref name= N/> }}
| equity = {{Increase}} {{US$|90.349 billion}} (FY2024)<ref name= N/>
| owner = ] (50.85%)<ref name="WALMART – DEF 14A">{{Cite web |url = https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/104169/000130817913000238/lwalmart_def14a.htm#_N1576F |title = WALMART – DEF 14A |website = sec.gov |access-date = March 4, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170305115146/https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/104169/000130817913000238/lwalmart_def14a.htm#_N1576F |archive-date = March 5, 2017}}</ref>
| num_employees = 2,100,000 (Jan. 2024)<ref name=N/>
| divisions = {{Unbulleted list|Walmart U.S.|Walmart International|]|Global eCommerce}}
| subsid = ]
| footnotes = <ref name="Form10K"/><ref name="OurBusiness"/><ref name="AsdaUK">{{cite web |title = Walmart Corporate: United Kingdom |url = http://corporate.walmart.com/our-story/our-business/locations/#/united-kingdom |publisher = Walmart |access-date = January 19, 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140104115055/http://corporate.walmart.com/our-story/our-business/locations/#/united-kingdom |archive-date = January 4, 2014}}</ref>
| homepage = {{url|https://www.walmart.com/|walmart.com}}
}}
'''Walmart Inc.''' ({{IPAc-en|pron|ˈ|w|ɔː|l|m|ɑːr|t|audio=en-us-Walmart.ogg}}; formerly '''Wal-Mart Stores, Inc.''') is an American multinational retail corporation that operates a chain of ]s (also called supercenters), discount ]s, and ]s in the ] and 23 other countries. It is headquartered in ].<ref>{{cite web |url = https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/104169/000010416918000013/form8-kx212018.htm |title = Form 8K – Walmart Inc. |date = February 1, 2018 |publisher = U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission |access-date = February 1, 2018 |archive-date = December 24, 2020 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20201224201922/https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/104169/000010416918000013/form8-kx212018.htm |url-status = live }}</ref> The company was founded by brothers ] and ] in nearby ], in 1962 and incorporated under ] on October 31, 1969.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Walmart History |url=https://corporate.walmart.com/about/history |access-date=2024-07-18 |website=Walmart History}}</ref> It also owns and operates ] retail warehouses.<ref name="2015 Annual Report Page 19">{{cite web |url = http://stock.walmart.com/files/doc_financials/2015/annual/2015-annual-report.pdf |title = Walmart 2015 Annual Report |website = stock.walmart.com |publisher = Walmart |page = 19 |access-date = October 6, 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150709092937/http://stock.walmart.com/files/doc_financials/2015/annual/2015-annual-report.pdf |archive-date = July 9, 2015}}</ref><ref name="Location_WorldMap">{{cite web |url = http://corporate.walmart.com/our-story/locations |title = Walmart Corporate: Locations |publisher = Walmart |access-date = January 19, 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140117041555/http://corporate.walmart.com/our-story/locations |archive-date = January 17, 2014}}</ref>


{{As of|2022|10|31|df=US|post=,}} Walmart has 10,586 stores and clubs in 24&nbsp;countries, operating under 46 different&nbsp;names.<ref name="Unit Counts & Square Footage" /><ref name="Unit Counts by Country" /><ref name="2022 10-K">{{cite web |title=Annual report |url=https://d18rn0p25nwr6d.cloudfront.net/CIK-0000104169/c68fb8be-2602-4f2a-aee0-261b4f04b970.pdf |publisher=United States Securities and Exchange Commission |access-date=March 19, 2022 |archive-date=March 31, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220331163833/https://d18rn0p25nwr6d.cloudfront.net/CIK-0000104169/c68fb8be-2602-4f2a-aee0-261b4f04b970.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> The company operates under the name Walmart in the United States and ], as ] in ] and ], and as ] in ]. It has wholly owned operations in ] and a majority stake in ] in ]. Since August 2018, Walmart held only a minority stake in Walmart Brasil, which was renamed Grupo Big in August 2019, with 20 percent of the company's shares, and private equity firm ] holding 80% ownership of the company. They eventually divested their shareholdings in Grupo Big to French retailer ], in transaction worth {{BRL|7 billion}} and completed on June 7, 2022.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.carrefour.com/en/actuality/2022/carrefouracquisitionbig|title=Carrefour Brazil completes the acquisition of Grupo BIG and strengthens its governance|date=June 7, 2022|access-date=June 9, 2022|publisher=Carrefour S.A.}}</ref>


Walmart is the ], according to the ] list in October 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |date=October 10, 2022 |title=Fortune 500: Walmart |url=https://fortune.com/company/walmart/fortune500/ |access-date=January 2, 2023 |website=] |archive-date=February 14, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230214204058/https://fortune.com/company/walmart/fortune500/ |url-status=live }}</ref> In February 2023, Walmart announced that its FY2023 total revenue was $611.3 billion.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Walmart Releases Q4 and FY23 Earnings |url=https://corporate.walmart.com/news/2023/02/21/walmart-releases-q4-and-fy23-earnings |access-date=November 27, 2023 |website=corporate.walmart.com}}</ref> Walmart is also the ] in the world with 2.1 million employees. It is a publicly traded family-owned business, as the company is controlled by the ]. Sam Walton's heirs own over 50 percent of Walmart through both their holding company Walton Enterprises and their individual holdings.<ref>{{cite web |url = https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/104169/000130817913000238/lwalmart_def14a.htm#_N1576F |work = Wal Mart 2013 Proxy statement |title = Share Ownership |access-date = April 10, 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20141012000000/https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/104169/000130817913000238/lwalmart_def14a.htm#_N1576F |archive-date = October 12, 2014}} </ref> Walmart was the largest United States grocery retailer in 2019, and 65 percent of Walmart's {{US$|510.329&nbsp;billion|link=yes}} sales came from U.S. operations.<ref name="xbrlus_1">{{cite web|url=https://s2.q4cdn.com/056532643/files/doc_financials/2020/q4/Earnings-Release-1.31.2020-Final.pdf|title=Earnings Release – 1.31.2020|publisher=Walmart|access-date=February 25, 2020|archive-date=February 25, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200225053304/https://s2.q4cdn.com/056532643/files/doc_financials/2020/q4/Earnings-Release-1.31.2020-Final.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="2016 Annual Report Page 20"/>
{{Infobox_Company |
company_name = Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. |
company_logo = ] |
company_type = ]/] ({{nyse|WMT}}) |
company_slogan = Wal-Mart. Always Low Prices. Always. (]) / WE SELL FOR LESS every day! (]) |
foundation = ], ] |
location = ], ] |
key_people = ] (]&ndash;]), Founder<br />], CEO<br />], Chairman |
industry = Retail |
num_employees = 1.7 million |
products = ]<br />]<br />]<br />]<br />] |
revenue = $316 billion ] ({{profit}}$11B ] 2006) |
homepage = http://www.walmartstores.com/ |
}}


Walmart was listed on the ] in 1972. By 1988, it was the most profitable retailer in the U.S.,<ref>{{cite news |url = https://www.nytimes.com/1990/02/28/business/company-news-wal-mart-net-jumps-by-31.8.html |work = The New York Times |first = Thomas C. |last = Hayes |title = Company News; Wal-Mart Net Jumps By 31.8% |date = February 28, 1990 |url-status=live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150723112604/http://www.nytimes.com/1990/02/28/business/company-news-wal-mart-net-jumps-by-31.8.html |archive-date = July 23, 2015}}</ref> and it had become the largest in terms of revenue by October 1989.<ref> {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130904035126/http://articles.sun-sentinel.com/1991-02-15/business/9101080852_1_wal-mart-stores-supercenter-stores-hypermart-usa-units |date=September 4, 2013 }}. Articles.sun-sentinel.com (February 15, 1991). Retrieved December 6, 2013.</ref> The company was originally geographically limited to the South and lower Midwest, but it had stores from coast to coast by the early 1990s. Sam's Club opened in ] in November 1989, and the first ] outlet opened in ], in July 1990. A Walmart in ], opened in October 1990, the first main store in the ].<ref name="Warner 90">{{cite news |title = A New Battle On The Eastern Front Rivals Are Bracing As Wal-mart Today Opens The First Of Nine Stores Planned For Pennsylvania And New Jersey |last1 = Warner |first1 = Susan |url = http://articles.philly.com/1990-10-01/business/25890945_1_wal-mart-stores-sam-walton-wal-mart-today |newspaper = ] |date = October 1, 1990 |access-date = February 28, 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160618103947/http://articles.philly.com/1990-10-01/business/25890945_1_wal-mart-stores-sam-walton-wal-mart-today |archive-date = June 18, 2016}}</ref>
'''Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. ''' ({{nyse|WMT}}) was founded by ] in 1962. It is the largest ] in the world and was the largest corporation in the world based on revenue as ranked by the ] in ].


Walmart's investments outside the U.S. have seen mixed results. Its operations and subsidiaries in Canada,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Walmart Canada|url=https://www.walmart.ca/en|access-date=October 11, 2021|archive-date=July 4, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220704014616/https://www.walmart.ca/en|url-status=live}}</ref> the United Kingdom (]),<ref>{{Cite news|date=2021|title=Is there a Walmart in the UK or London?|work=Gone Girl London|url=https://girlgonelondon.com/is-there-a-walmart-in-the-uk-2/|access-date=October 11, 2021|quote=|archive-date=March 27, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220327033905/https://girlgonelondon.com/is-there-a-walmart-in-the-uk-2/|url-status=live}}</ref> Central America, Chile (]), and China are successful, but its ventures failed in Germany, Japan, South Korea, Brazil and Argentina.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Saini|first=Leo|date=November 22, 2021|title=Why Walmart Failed in Germany|work=Better Marketing|url=https://bettermarketing.pub/why-walmart-failed-in-germany-3fdcc6469b89|access-date=October 12, 2021|archive-date=October 27, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211027065347/https://bettermarketing.pub/why-walmart-failed-in-germany-3fdcc6469b89|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Takana|first=Yo|date=November 21, 2020|title=How Walmart flopped in Japan, and elsewhere overseas|work=]|url=https://asia.nikkei.com/Spotlight/Comment/How-Walmart-flopped-in-Japan-and-elsewhere-overseas|access-date=October 12, 2021|archive-date=June 6, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220606222823/https://asia.nikkei.com/Spotlight/Comment/How-Walmart-flopped-in-Japan-and-elsewhere-overseas|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|first=Sebastian|last=Marshall|title=Walmart Failed in Korea Because of a Lack of Walking Around|work=]|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-walmart-divestiture-argentina-idINKBN27M20T|access-date=November 6, 2020|archive-date=November 7, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201107085133/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-walmart-divestiture-argentina-idINKBN27M20T|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Raszewski|first=Eliana|date=November 6, 2020|title=Walmart to sell operations in recession-hit Argentina, taking $1 billion hit|work=]|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-walmart-divestiture-argentina-idINKBN27M20T|access-date=April 12, 2023|archive-date=April 13, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230413002055/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-walmart-divestiture-argentina-idINKBN27M20T|url-status=live}}</ref>
Wal-Mart's impact is ]. Specific areas of controversy include the company's product origins, treatment of employees and suppliers, environmental policies, extraction of public subsidies (]), availability of prescription contraceptives at Wal-Mart pharmacy counters, and store impacts on local communities and businesses. <ref name="Wakeup">{{cite web
| url = http://www.wakeupwalmart.com/research/
| title = Research Done on Walmart
| publisher = Wakeupwalmart.com
| accessdate = May 5
| accessyear = 2006
}}</ref><ref name="Watch">{{cite web
| url = http://walmartwatch.com/home/pages/issues
| title = What does Wal-Mart really cost you?
| publisher = Wal-Mart Watch
| accessdate = May 5
| accessyear = 2006
}}</ref> The controversy is covered in more detail in the ] article.


==Business== ==History==
{{Main|History of Walmart}}
].]]
===1945–1969: Early history===
]]]
], now serving as The Walmart Museum|alt=Picture of Sam Walton's original Five and Dime store in Bentonville, Arkansas, now serving as The Walmart Museum.]]


In 1945, businessman and former ] employee ] bought a branch of the ] stores from the ].<ref name="madeinamerica">{{cite book |author = Walton, Sam |author2 = Huey, John |title = Sam Walton: Made in America: My Story |place = New York |publisher = Bantam |year = 1993 |isbn = 978-0-553-56283-5 }}</ref> His primary focus was selling products at low prices to get higher-volume sales at a lower profit margin, portraying it as a crusade for the consumer. He experienced setbacks because the lease price and branch purchase were unusually high, but he was able to find lower-cost suppliers than those used by other stores and was consequently able to undercut his competitors on pricing.<ref name="a">{{cite news |url = http://hbswk.hbs.edu/item/2375.html |title = Sam Walton: Great From the Start – HBS Working Knowledge |first = Richard S. |last = Tedlow |work = HBS Working Knowledge |date = July 23, 2001 |url-status=live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110606044751/http://hbswk.hbs.edu/item/2375.html |archive-date = June 6, 2011}}</ref> Sales increased 45 percent in his first year of ownership to {{US$|105,000}} in revenue, which increased to $140,000 the next year and $175,000 the year after that. Within the fifth year, the store was generating $250,000 in revenue. The lease then expired for the location and Walton was unable to reach an agreement for renewal, so he opened up a new store at 105 N. Main Street in Bentonville, naming it "Walton's Five and Dime".<ref name="a"/><ref name="BriefHistory">{{cite news |author = Frank, T.A. |url = http://www.corpwatch.org/article.php?id=13796 |title = A Brief History of Wal-Mart |work = Washington Monthly |date = April 1, 2006 |access-date = July 24, 2006 |url-status=live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20060721005501/http://www.corpwatch.org/article.php?id=13796 |archive-date = July 21, 2006}}</ref> That store is now the Walmart Museum.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://corporate.walmart.com/our-story/history/the-walmart-museum |title = The Walmart Museum |url-status=live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150204210648/http://corporate.walmart.com/our-story/history/the-walmart-museum |archive-date = February 4, 2015}}</ref>
].]]


]
Wal-Mart operates retail department stores selling a range of non-grocery products, though emphasis is now focused on the "supercenters" which include more grocery items. Wal-Mart also operates ], a "]" (similar to ] and ]) that sells discounted bulk merchandise to dues-paying members.


On July 2, 1962, Walton opened the first Wal-Mart Discount City store at 719 W. Walnut Street in ]. Its design was inspired by ], which Walton visited in 1961, as did ] founder ].<ref>{{cite book|title=How to be a Billionaire: Proven Strategies from the Titans of Wealth|url=https://archive.org/details/howtobebillionai00mart|url-access=registration|last=Fridson|first=Martin S.|publisher=John Wiley and Sons|year=1999|isbn=0-471-33202-X}}<!--|access-date=November 11, 2007 --> p. 84.</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.valleybreeze.com/2020-06-29/cumberland-lincoln-area/ann-hope-closing-all-outlet-stores |title='Ann & Hope closing all outlet stores': The Valley Breeze, July 29, 2020 |date=June 29, 2020 |access-date=March 24, 2021 |archive-date=October 15, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201015092300/https://www.valleybreeze.com/2020-06-29/cumberland-lincoln-area/ann-hope-closing-all-outlet-stores |url-status=live }}</ref> The name was derived from ], a chain of discount department stores founded by ] in 1954, whom Walton was also inspired by. Walton stated that he liked the idea of calling his discount chain "Wal-Mart" because he "really liked Sol's FedMart name". The building is now occupied by a hardware store and an antiques mall, while the company's "Store #1" has since expanded to a Supercenter several blocks west at 2110 W. Walnut Street. Within its first five years, the company expanded to 18 stores in ] and reached $9&nbsp;million in sales.<ref name="discountcity">{{cite web |url = https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/walmart/transform/cron.html |title = The Rise of Walmart |work = Frontline: Is Wal-Mart Good for America? |date = November 16, 2004 |access-date = September 19, 2007 |url-status=live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070930063957/http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/walmart/transform/cron.html |archive-date = September 30, 2007}}</ref> In 1968, it opened its first stores outside Arkansas in ] and ].<ref name="timeline">{{cite web |url = http://www.walmartfacts.com/content/default.aspx?id=3 |title = The Wal-Mart Timeline |publisher = Wal-Mart |access-date = July 24, 2006 |url-status=dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20060719071543/http://www.walmartfacts.com/content/default.aspx?id=3 |archive-date = July 19, 2006 }}</ref>
In addition to its wholly-owned international operations, Wal-Mart owns a 42% stake in ] in ], with a proposed $597 million to increase its stake to 50%. This purchase has been approved by Seiyu Group shareholders and The Seiyu will be consolidated into Wal-Mart International in FYE 2006.


===1969–1990: Incorporation and growth as a regional power===
In September 2005, Wal-Mart acquired 33.3% of the Central American Retail Holding Company (CARHCO), and in March 2006, increased its holdings to 51%. Wal-Mart Central America was formed from the 375 supermarkets and other store formats, operating in 5 Central American countries: ], ], ], ] and ].
]


The company was ] under ] as Wal-Mart, Inc. on October 31, 1969, and changed its name to Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. in 1970. The same year, the company opened a home office and first distribution center in ]. It had 38&nbsp;stores operating with 1,500 employees and sales of $44.2&nbsp;million. It began trading stock as a ] on October 1, 1970, and was soon listed on the ]. The first ] occurred in May 1971 for $47 per share. By this time, Wal-Mart was operating in five states: Arkansas, Kansas, Louisiana, Missouri, and Oklahoma; it entered Tennessee in 1973 and Kentucky and Mississippi in 1974. As the company moved into Texas in 1975, there were 125&nbsp;stores with 7,500 employees and total sales of $340.3&nbsp;million.<ref name="timeline"/>
In the past, Wal-Mart operated ''dot Discount Drugs'', ''Bud's Discount City'', '']'', ''OneSource Nutrition Centers'', and ''Save-Co Home Improvement'' stores. In 1990 Wal-Mart acquired ''The McLane Company'', a foodservice distributor. In 2003 McLane Company was sold to '']''.


]
Wal-Mart stock is publicly traded on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol '''WMT'''.


In the 1980s, Wal-Mart briefly experimented with a precursor to the Supercenter, the Hyper-Mart. Four stores combined features of discount stores, supermarkets, pharmacies, video arcades, and other amenities.<ref name="Volpe"/> Wal-Mart continued to grow rapidly, and by the company's 25th anniversary in 1987, there were 1,198 Wal-Mart stores with sales of $15.9&nbsp;billion and 200,000 associates.<ref name="timeline"/> One reason for Wal-Mart's success between 1980 and 2000 is believed to be its contiguous pattern of expansion over time, building new distribution centers in a hub and spoke framework within driving distance of existing Supercenters.<ref name="Volpe"/>
===Competition in the United States===
Wal-Mart's chief competitors in low-end general merchandise nationally include ]'s ] chain and ]. Many smaller regional chains, such as ] in the midwest, are also competitors. Wal-Mart's move into the grocery business has also positioned it against major grocery chains such as ], ], ], ], ], ] and many other regional chains and independents. Chief competitors of Wal-Mart's Sam's Club division are ], with a slightly higher gross than Sam's Club outlets, as well as the smaller ] chain operating mainly in the eastern U.S..


The company's satellite network was also completed in 1987, a $24&nbsp;million investment linking all stores with two-way voice and data transmissions and one-way video communications with the Bentonville office. At the time, the company was the largest private satellite network, allowing the corporate office to track inventory and sales and to instantly communicate with stores.<ref name="satellite">{{cite web|last=Ranade|first=Sudhanshu|url=http://www.blonnet.com/2005/07/17/stories/2005071700141600.htm|title=Satellite Adds Speed to Wal-Mart|work=]|date=July 17, 2005|access-date=July 24, 2006|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927012640/http://www.blonnet.com/2005/07/17/stories/2005071700141600.htm|archive-date=September 27, 2007}}</ref> By 1984, Sam Walton had begun to source between 6% and 40% of his company's products from China.<ref>{{cite news |last=Hornblower |first=Sam |date=November 23, 2004 |title=Wal-Mart & China: A Joint Venture |url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/walmart/secrets/wmchina.html |work=Frontline |access-date=May 31, 2019 |archive-date=December 24, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201224200001/https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/walmart/secrets/wmchina.html |url-status=live }}</ref> In 1988, Walton stepped down as CEO and was replaced by ].<ref name=" LA Times 88">{{cite news|title=David Glass Named CEO of Wal-Mart Inc.|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1988-02-02-fi-40122-story.html|newspaper=]|date=February 2, 1988|access-date=February 28, 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306204802/http://articles.latimes.com/1988-02-02/business/fi-40122_1_david-glass|archive-date=March 6, 2016}}</ref> Walton remained as chairman of the board. During this year, the first Wal-Mart Supercenter opened in ].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Our History|url=https://corporate.walmart.com/our-story/our-history|access-date=January 2, 2021|website=Corporate – US|archive-date=February 4, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150204210648/http://corporate.walmart.com/our-story/history/the-walmart-museum|url-status=dead}}</ref>
Some people believe that Wal-Mart has driven smaller businesses out of the market. Due to Wal-Mart's focus on more expensive items (and larger population areas), a niche has been carved out of Wal-Mart's dominance by several retail corporations <ref>Stilgoe, John. '']'', November 23, 2003. Accessed January 11, 2006.</ref>. By focusing on a small number of low-cost products, retailers such as ] and ] have successfully competed head-to-head with Wal-Mart for home consumer sales. In response to this, Wal-Mart started testing their own dollar store concept in ], a subsection of some stores known as, "Pennies-n-Cents."<ref>Berner, Robert. "." ''].'' ], ].</ref>


With the contribution of its superstores, the company surpassed ] in toy sales in 1998.<ref name="Byrnes 04">{{cite news |title = Toys 'R' Us: Beaten at its own game|last1=Byrnes|first1=Nanette|last2=Eidam|first2=Michael|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/bw/stories/2004-03-28/toys-r-us-beaten-at-its-own-game|magazine=]|date=March 29, 2004|access-date=February 28, 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306074659/http://www.bloomberg.com/bw/stories/2004-03-28/toys-r-us-beaten-at-its-own-game|archive-date=March 6, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Wal-Mart Dethrones Toys R Us|url=https://apnews.com/6e6082b522082a0d782052046c75b0b2|work=Associated Press News|access-date=April 10, 2014|date=March 29, 1999|archive-date=October 3, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181003181636/https://apnews.com/6e6082b522082a0d782052046c75b0b2|url-status=live}}</ref>
===Wal-Mart Television Network===
The Wal-Mart Television Network is an in-store network showing commercials for products sold in the stores, concert clips and music videos for a recording artist's media sold in the stores, trailers for upcoming movie releases, and news. According to a '']'' story, it is seen by 130 million people a month, making it the fifth largest network in America.<ref> ], February 21, 2005. Accessed April 29, 2006.</ref>.


===1990–2005: Retail rise to multinational status===
==Experiments==
]
Wal-Mart has experimented publicly with changes to certain of its business practices.
While it was the third-largest retailer in the United States, Wal-Mart was more profitable than rivals ] and ] by the late 1980s. By 1990, it became the largest U.S. retailer by revenue.<ref name="Hayes 90">{{cite news |title = Wal-Mart Net Jumps By 31.8% |last1 = Hayes |first1 = Thomas C. |url = https://www.nytimes.com/1990/02/28/business/company-news-wal-mart-net-jumps-by-31.8.html |newspaper = ] |date = February 28, 1990 |access-date = July 21, 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150723112604/http://www.nytimes.com/1990/02/28/business/company-news-wal-mart-net-jumps-by-31.8.html |archive-date = July 23, 2015}}</ref><ref name="Vance">{{cite book |last1 = Vance |first1 = Sandra Stringer |last2 = Scott |first2 = Roy V. |year = 1997 |title = Wal-Mart: A History of Sam Walton's Retail Phenomenon |url = https://archive.org/details/walmarthistoryof00vanc |location = New York |publisher = ] |isbn = 978-0-8057-9832-6 }}
</ref>


Prior to the summer of 1990, Wal-Mart had no presence on the West Coast or in the Northeast (except for a single Sam's Club in New Jersey which opened in November 1989), but in July and October that year, it opened its first stores in ] and ], respectively. By the mid-1990s, it was the most powerful retailer in the U.S. and expanded into Mexico in 1991 and Canada in 1994.<ref>Jacques, Peter. (January 1, 1970) {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160101212019/http://www.academia.edu/169368/Wal-Mart_or_World-Mart_A_Teaching_Case_Study |date=January 1, 2016 }}. Academia.edu. Retrieved December 6, 2013.</ref> Wal-Mart stores opened throughout the rest of the U.S., with Vermont being the last state to get a store in 1995.<ref name="PBS04">{{cite news |title = Timeline: An Overview of Wal-Mart |url = https://www.pbs.org/newshour/updates/business-july-dec04-timeline_08-20/ |publisher = ] |date = August 20, 2004 |access-date = July 21, 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20141226212519/http://www.pbs.org/newshour/updates/business-july-dec04-timeline_08-20/ |archive-date = December 26, 2014}}</ref>
===Renewable energy===
].]]


The company also opened stores outside North America, entering South America in 1995 with stores in Argentina and Brazil;<ref>{{cite news |title=Wal-Mart to open stores in Brazil, Argentina |url=https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/digitised/article/biztimes19940607-1.2.47.7.22?qt=k-mart&q=k-mart |work=Business Times (Singapore) |agency=Bloomberg Business News |date=June 7, 1994}}</ref> and Europe in July 1999, buying ] in the United Kingdom for {{US$|10&nbsp;billion}}.<ref name="IHT">{{cite web |author = Buerkle, Tom |url = http://www.iht.com/articles/1999/06/15/walmart.2.t.php |title = $10 Billion Gamble in U.K. Doubles Its International Business: Wal-Mart Takes Big Leap into Europe |work = International Herald Tribune |date = June 15, 1999 |access-date = April 19, 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080226063515/http://www.iht.com/articles/1999/06/15/walmart.2.t.php |archive-date = February 26, 2008 }}</ref>
Recently, Wal-Mart has designed two experimental stores <ref>, "Environment". Accessed May 5, 2006.</ref>, one in ] and the other in ], which feature wind turbines, photovoltaic solar panels, and biofuel-capable boilers. The buildings also include many other energy and cost-saving technologies. Critics, such as the Institute for Local Self-Reliance {{cite web
| url =http://www.hometownadvantage.org/
| title = Institute for Local Self-Reliance
}}, contend that Wal-Mart's negative environmental impact extremely outweighs gestures at two stores among several thousand. Driving ], consuming unnecessarily large amounts of land and locating on environmentally sensitive sites are among the complaints. This is also viewed just another corporate PR exercise by many as Walmart have made no pro-active progress on changing their business practices to reduce their impact on the environment.


In 1997, Wal-Mart was ] to the ].<ref> {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201224195908/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1997-03-13-fi-37733-story.html |date=December 24, 2020 }}, Associated Press (March 13, 1997).</ref>
===Attracting upscale consumers===
In March 2006 Wal-Mart opened a new Supercenter in ], a suburb of ], that is decidedly fancier than other Wal-Mart stores. It is part of their effort to attract a more affluent demographic, who tend to view Wal-Mart product offerings as inferior to those of such stores as ] and ]. Differences from conventional Wal-Mart Supercenters include wooden floors, wider aisles, a ] bar, a coffee/sandwich shop (with free ] ] access) instead of the usual fast food venue, and pricier items, including expensive ]s and high-end electronics. This Wal-Mart is also the first and only store to implement employee baggers at the checkout lines. The exterior sports the less-common hunter green background behind the Wal-Mart letters instead of the trademark blue. Wal-Mart states that this type of store is not planned to be duplicated anywhere else.<ref>{{cite news
|url=http://hosted.ap.org/dynamic/stories/U/UPSCALE_WAL_MART?SITE=7219&SECTION=HOME&TEMPLATE=DEFAULT&CTIME=2006-03-22-02-52-44
|title=Wal-Mart targeting upscale shoppers
|publisher= ]
|date= ]
|accessdate= 2006-03-22
}}</ref>


In 1998, Wal-Mart introduced the Neighborhood Market concept with three stores in Arkansas.<ref name="grocerybiz">{{cite web |url = http://www.mystore411.com/store/list_state/5/Arkansas/Wal-Mart-Neighborhood-Market-store-locations |title = Wal-Mart Neighborhood Market Locations in Arkansas |access-date = December 8, 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130117025424/http://www.mystore411.com/store/list_state/5/Arkansas/Wal-Mart-Neighborhood-Market-store-locations |archive-date = January 17, 2013}}</ref> By 2005, estimates indicate that the company controlled about 20 percent of the retail grocery and consumables business.<ref>{{cite news |url = http://grist.org/series/2011-11-07-walmart-greenwash-retail-giant-still-unsustainable/ |title = WALMART'S GREENWASH: WHY THE RETAIL GIANT IS STILL UNSUSTAINABLE |publisher = Grist.org |date = November 7, 2012 |access-date = December 7, 2012 |author = Mitchell, Stacy |newspaper = Grist |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20121118145036/http://grist.org/series/2011-11-07-walmart-greenwash-retail-giant-still-unsustainable/ |url-status=live |archive-date = November 18, 2012 }}</ref>
===Advertising in local newspapers===
After by newspaper publishers in early 2005 that Wal-Mart did not advertise in smaller newspapers, the company placed ads in 336 Missouri and Oklahoma newspapers preceding the 2005 holiday shopping season. In April 2006 Wal-Mart , "our test showed that it did increase product sales, but our margins are so thin that we didn't even come close to offsetting the cost of the ads."


In 2000, ] became Wal-Mart's president and CEO as the company's sales increased to $165&nbsp;billion.<ref name="2000sales">{{cite web |url = http://media.corporate-ir.net/media_files/irol/11/112761/ARs/2000_annualreport.pdf |title = Walmart Annual Report 2000 |access-date = December 8, 2012 |page = 18 |url-status=live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130117025419/http://media.corporate-ir.net/media_files/irol/11/112761/ARs/2000_annualreport.pdf |archive-date = January 17, 2013}}</ref> In 2002, it was listed for the first time as America's largest corporation on the ] list, with revenues of $219.8&nbsp;billion and profits of $6.7&nbsp;billion. It has remained there every year except 2006, 2009, and 2012.<ref>{{Cite press release |last=Corporation |first=Fortune Media (USA) |title=WALMART TOPS THE FORTUNE GLOBAL 500 LIST FOR 10th CONSECUTIVE YEAR |url=https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/walmart-tops-the-fortune-global-500-list-for-10th-consecutive-year-301891191.html |access-date=2024-05-19 |website=www.prnewswire.com |language=en}}</ref>
==Employees==
]]Wal-Mart refers to its employees as "associates,"<ref>{{cite web
| url = http://www.walmartfacts.com/associates/
| title = WalmartFacts.com, "Associates"
| publisher = Wal-Mart Corporation
}}</ref> and encourages managers to think of themselves as "]." Each shift at every store, club, and distribution center is supposed to start with a store-wide meeting where managers discuss with hourly employees daily sales figures, company news, and goals for the day. This may or may not be true in practice. <ref>{{cite news
|first=Stan
|last=Cox
|url=http://www.alternet.org/story/17193/
|title=Dispatches from Wal-Mart's Front Lines
|publisher=alternet.org
|date= ]
}}</ref>


In 2005, Wal-Mart reported {{US$|312.4&nbsp;billion}} in sales, more than 6,200 facilities around the world—including 3,800 stores in the United States and 2,800 elsewhere, employing more than 1.6&nbsp;million associates. Its U.S. presence grew so rapidly that only small pockets of the country remained more than {{convert|60|mi|abbr=off|sp=us}} from the nearest store.<ref>{{cite conference |first = Matthew |last = Zook |author2 = Graham, Mark |editor-first = Stanley D. |editor-last = Brunn |title = Wal-Mart Nation: Mapping the Reach of a Retail Colossus |book-title = Wal-Mart World: The World's Biggest Corporation in the Global Economy |pages = 15–25 |publisher = Routledge |year = 2006 |isbn = 978-0-415-95137-1 }}</ref>
All Wal-Mart stores in the United States have employees referred to as "People Greeters." They welcome people to the store and help prevent shoplifting. At some stores, these employees inspect the contents of the shopping carts of exiting customers.


As Wal-Mart expanded rapidly into the world's largest corporation, many critics worried about its effect on local communities, particularly small towns with many "]" stores. There have been several studies on the economic impact of Wal-Mart on small towns and local businesses, jobs, and taxpayers. Kenneth Stone, a professor of economics, found that some small towns can lose almost half of their retail trade within ten years of a Wal-Mart store opening.<ref name="Rural">Stone, Kenneth E. (1997). " {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160120110527/http://www2.econ.iastate.edu/faculty/stone/10yrstudy.pdf |date=January 20, 2016 }}". (Published in ''Proceedings: Increased Understanding of Public Problems and Policies – 1997''. ], Illinois: Farm Foundation). '']''. Retrieved August 4, 2006.</ref> However, in another study, he compared the changes to what small-town shops had faced in the past—including the development of the railroads, the advent of the Sears Roebuck catalog, and the arrival of shopping malls—and concluded that shop owners who adapt to changes in the retail market can thrive after Wal-Mart arrives.<ref name="Rural"/> A later study in collaboration with ] showed that there are "both positive and negative impacts on existing stores in the area where the new supercenter locates".<ref name="Stone Artz Myles">{{cite web |url = https://www2.econ.iastate.edu/faculty/stone/MSsupercenterstudy.pdf |title = The economic impact of Wal-Mart Supercenters on existing businesses in Mississippi |author = Kenneth E. Stone, Georgeanne Artz and Albert Myles |access-date = February 28, 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160618031634/http://www2.econ.iastate.edu/faculty/stone/MSsupercenterstudy.pdf |archive-date = June 18, 2016}}</ref>
Wal-Mart only hires non-union labor.


In the aftermath of ] in September 2005, Wal-Mart used its logistics network to organize a rapid response to the disaster, donating $20&nbsp;million, 1,500 truckloads of merchandise, food for 100,000 meals, and the promise of a job for every one of its displaced workers.<ref>{{cite news |url = https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/09/05/AR2005090501598.html |title = Wal-Mart at Forefront of Hurricane Relief |date = September 6, 2005 |newspaper = The Washington Post |access-date = March 10, 2009 |author = Barbaro, Michael |author2 = Gillis, Justin |url-status=live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090604185015/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/09/05/AR2005090501598.html |archive-date = June 4, 2009}}</ref> An independent study by Steven Horwitz of ] found that Wal-Mart, ], and ] made use of their local knowledge about supply chains, infrastructure, decision makers and other resources to provide emergency supplies and reopen stores well before the ] (FEMA) began its response.<ref name="Kouzes 10">{{cite book |last1 = Kouzes |first1 = James |last2 = Posner |first2 = Barry |others = Mark Huffman, ConsumerAffairs.com |date = July 6, 2010 |title = The Challenge Continues, Participant Workbook: Enable Others to Act |url = https://books.google.com/books?id=C2e7_FkKkJgC |publisher = ] |page = 24 |isbn = 978-0-470-40284-9 |url-status=live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160623200304/https://books.google.com/books?id=C2e7_FkKkJgC&printsec=frontcover |archive-date = June 23, 2016}}</ref> While the company was overall lauded for its quick response amidst ] of FEMA, several critics were quick to point out that there still remained issues with the company's labor relations.<ref>{{cite news |url = https://money.cnn.com/2005/09/09/news/fortune500/walmart_image/index.htm |title = Wal-Mart redeems itself, but what's next |date = September 9, 2005 |publisher = CNN |access-date = March 10, 2009 |author = Bhatnagar, Parija |url-status=live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20091112103847/http://money.cnn.com/2005/09/09/news/fortune500/walmart_image/index.htm |archive-date = November 12, 2009}}</ref>
==Wal-Mart benefits==
According to an October ] article in ], Wal-Mart's health insurance covers 44% or approximately 572,000 of its 1.3 million U.S. workers. <ref name="stepped-up">{{cite news
|first=Aaron
|last=Bernstein
|url=http://www.businessweek.com/bwdaily/dnflash/oct2005/nf20051020_3732_db016.htm
|title=A Stepped-Up Assault on Wal-Mart
|work=]
|date=]
}}</ref> In comparison, Wal-Mart rival ] insures approximately 96% of its eligible workers. <ref>{{cite news
|first=Reed
|last=Abelson
|url=http://www.globalexchange.org/campaigns/sweatshops/2665.html
|title=States Are Battling Against Wal-Mart Over Health Care
|work= New York Times
|date= ]
}}(article archived on ).</ref> Further, Wal-Mart spends $3,500 on average per employee for health care while the average money spent for health care per employee for the entire retail industry is $4,800, 27% more.<ref>{{cite news
|author= Wysocki, Bernard Jr., and Ann Zimmerman
|title=Wal-Mart Cost-Cutting Finds a Big Target in Health Benefits
|work=]
|page= 1
|date= ]
}}</ref> Wal-Mart CEO ] acknowledged benefits could improve by claiming Wal-Mart employees can get better value from taxpayer funded health care than from Wal-Mart's own health plans: "''In some of our states, the public program may actually be a better value - with relatively high income limits to qualify, and low premiums.''" <ref>{{cite news
|first=Deirde
|last=Fulton
|url=http://www.ncrp.org/AR-101405-TheBostonPhoenix-No_Sympathy.asp
|title=No sympathy for the devil
|work=]
|date=]
}}. Quote taken from ], ] speech by Wal-Mart CEO ].</ref> On April 17th, 2006, Wal-Mart announced it was making a health care plan available to part-time workers after 1 year of service, compared to 2 years before. One criticism of the new plan is that it provides benefit only after a $1,000 deductible is paid ($3,000 for a family). These deductibles may financially be out of reach for eligible part-time workers. Wal-Mart estimates this change can add 150,000 workers to health coverage plans, if all who are eligible take part.


In 2006, Charles Fishman published '']'', examining the operation of Wal-Mart's ]. His book caught the attention of the press and the public. Fishman's case studies illustrate Wal-Mart's drive to lower costs and achieve greater efficiency and suggest that it may have significant upstream effects. Since Fishman's book was published, Wal-Mart has more than doubled in size. Further research on Wal-Mart's role in the food supply chain has tended to be limited and anecdotal.<ref name="Volpe"/><ref name="Fishman">{{cite book |last = Fishman |first = Charles |year = 2006 |title = The Wal-Mart Effect: How the World's Most Powerful Company Really Works—and How It's Transforming the American Economy |url = https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780143038788 |location = New York |publisher = ] |isbn = 978-1-59420-076-2}}</ref>
The State of Maryland passed a controversial bill in January of 2006 requiring that all corporations with more than 10,000 employees in the state spend at least 8% of their payroll on employee benefits, or pay into a state fund for the uninsured. Wal-Mart, with about 17,000 employees in Maryland, was the only known company to not meet this requirement before the bill passed. <ref>{{cite news
|url=http://msnbc.msn.com/id/10827217/
|title=Md. forces Wal-Mart to spend more on health
|publisher=Associated Press
|date= ]
}}</ref>


===2005–2010: Initiatives===
==Unionization==
] (Store #2449) |alt=Aerial view of dozens of solar panels distributed around the roof of a Walmart store ]]
: ''Main article: ]''


====Environmental initiatives====
In November 2005, Wal-Mart announced several environmental measures to increase ] and improve its overall environmental record, which had previously been lacking.<ref name="GuntherMark">{{cite news|url=https://money.cnn.com/2006/07/25/news/companies/wal-mart-short.fortune/|title=Wal-Mart sees green|author=Gunther, Mark|date=July 27, 2006|access-date=November 8, 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060822072035/http://money.cnn.com/2006/07/25/news/companies/wal-mart-short.fortune/|archive-date=August 22, 2006|work=CNN}}</ref> The company's primary goals included spending $500&nbsp;million a year to increase fuel efficiency in Wal-Mart's truck fleet by 25 percent over three years and double it within ten; reduce ] by 20 percent in seven years; reduce energy use at stores by 30 percent; and cut solid waste from U.S. stores and Sam's Clubs by 25 percent in three years. CEO Lee Scott said that Wal-Mart's goal was to be a "good steward of the environment" and ultimately use only ] sources and produce ].<ref name="going_green">{{cite news |url = https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna9815727 |title = Is Wal-Mart Going Green? |publisher = ] |date = October 25, 2005 |access-date = November 8, 2007 |archive-date = September 21, 2013 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130921180227/http://www.nbcnews.com/id/9815727/ |url-status = live }}</ref> The company also designed three new experimental stores with ]s, ] solar panels, ]-capable boilers, water-cooled refrigerators, and ] gardens.<ref>{{cite news |author = Berner, Robert |url = http://www.businessweek.com/bwdaily/dnflash/sep2005/nf20050922_6448_db016.htm |title = Can Wal-Mart Wear a White Hat? |work = Bloomberg BusinessWeek |date = September 22, 2005 |access-date = July 24, 2006 |url-status=dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20060503192520/http://www.businessweek.com/bwdaily/dnflash/sep2005/nf20050922_6448_db016.htm |archive-date = May 3, 2006 }}</ref> In this time, Wal-Mart also became the biggest seller of organic milk and the biggest buyer of organic cotton in the world, while reducing packaging and energy costs.<ref name="GuntherMark"/> In 2007, the company worked with outside consultants to discover its total environmental impact and find areas for improvement. Wal-Mart created its own ] in Texas, named Texas Retail Energy, which planned to supply its stores with cheap power purchased at wholesale prices. Through this new venture, the company expected to save $15&nbsp;million annually and also to lay the groundwork and infrastructure to sell electricity to Texas consumers in the future.<ref name="redorbit_electricity">{{cite web|url=http://www.redorbit.com/news/science/817594/will_walmart_sell_electricity_one_day/index.html|title=Will Wal-Mart Sell Electricity One Day?|author=Souder, Elizabeth|date=January 28, 2007|publisher=RedOrbit|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080623203730/http://www.redorbit.com/news/science/817594/will_walmart_sell_electricity_one_day/index.html|archive-date=June 23, 2008|url-status=live|access-date=March 31, 2008}}</ref>


====Branding and store design changes====
Wal-Mart has largely thwarted unionization by its U.S. employees with aggressively anti-union tactics. For example, when meat cutters at the Jacksonville, Texas supercenter voted to unionize in 2000, Wal-Mart closed its meat department <ref>{{cite journal | author= Dicker, John | title= "Union Blues at Wal-Mart"| journal=The Nation | year=2002 | issue= July 8 | url=http://www.thenation.com/doc/20020708/dicker}} </ref>and began shipping in pre-packaged meats at all stores. Similarly, when workers at a Jonquières, Quebec Wal-Mart voted to unionize, Wal-Mart five months later, claiming it was due to weak profits. Critics allege Wal-Mart conspired to close the store as part of an anti-union scheme.
In 2006, Wal-Mart announced that it would remodel its U.S. stores to help it appeal to a wider variety of demographics, including more affluent shoppers. As part of the initiative, the company launched a new store in Plano, Texas, that included high-end electronics, jewelry, expensive wines and a sushi bar.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna14714027|title=Wal-Mart to drop one-size-fits-all approach|date=September 7, 2006|publisher=MSNBC|access-date=July 24, 2018|archive-date=August 5, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180805192017/http://www.nbcnews.com/id/14714027/ns/business-us_business/t/wal-mart-drop-one-size-fits-all-approach/|url-status=live}}</ref>


On September 12, 2007, Wal-Mart introduced new advertising with the ], "''Save money. Live better.''", replacing the previous slogan "''Always Low Prices, Always''", which it had used since 1988. ], which conducted the research that supported the ads, found that Wal-Mart's ] reduction resulted in savings for consumers of $287&nbsp;billion in 2006, which equated to $957 per person or $2,500 per household (up 7.3 percent from the 2004 savings estimate of $2,329).<ref>{{cite news |url = https://www.reuters.com/article/us-walmart-advertising-idUSWEN091820070912 |title = Wal-Mart rolling out new company slogan |work = Reuters |date = September 12, 2007 |access-date = December 7, 2012 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130210111723/http://www.reuters.com/article/2007/09/12/us-walmart-advertising-idUSWEN091820070912 |url-status=live |archive-date = February 10, 2013 }}</ref>
Another store in St-Hyacinthe has unionized.


On June 30, 2008, Wal-Mart removed the hyphen from its logo and replaced the star with a ''Spark'' symbol.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Gambrell |first=Jon |date=2008-06-30 |title=Hyphen out in Wal-Mart logo |url=https://www.seattletimes.com/business/hyphen-out-in-wal-mart-logo/ |access-date=2024-09-19 |website=The Seattle Times |language=en-US}}</ref> The store branding became "Walmart", with the corporate name remaining with the hyphen as "Wal-Mart". The new logo received mixed reviews from design critics who questioned whether the new logo was as bold as those of competitors, such as the ] bullseye, or as instantly recognizable as the previous company's logo, which was used for 18 years.<ref>{{cite web |last = Armin |title = Less Hyphen, More Burst for Walmart |url = http://www.underconsideration.com/brandnew/archives/less_hyphen_more_burst_for_wal.php |work = Brand New |publisher = UnderConsideration LLC |access-date = August 9, 2010 |date = June 30, 2008 |url-status=live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100211143200/http://www.underconsideration.com/brandnew/archives/less_hyphen_more_burst_for_wal.php |archive-date = February 11, 2010}}</ref> The new logo<ref>{{Cite web|title=Wal-Mart – Logo in EPS, PNG & JPG Formats|url=https://logoose.com/logo/Wal-Mart/36|access-date=January 25, 2022|website=logoose.com|archive-date=January 25, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220125164246/https://logoose.com/logo/Wal-Mart/36|url-status=dead}}</ref> made its debut on the company's website on July 1, 2008, and its U.S. locations updated store logos in the fall of 2008.<ref name="new_logo">{{cite news |url = http://www.businessweek.com/innovate/content/jul2008/id2008072_324653.htm |title = Wal-Mart Gets a Facelift |last = Jana |first = Reena |date = July 2, 2008 |work = Bloomberg BusinessWeek |access-date = July 7, 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080706161254/http://www.businessweek.com/innovate/content/jul2008/id2008072_324653.htm |archive-date = July 6, 2008 }}</ref> Walmart Canada started to adopt the logo for its stores in early 2009.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.domain-b.com/industry/Retail/20090214_walmart.html |title = Walmart Canada changes logo, slashes prices |date = February 14, 2009 |access-date = December 7, 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20121102005404/http://domain-b.com/industry/Retail/20090214_walmart.html |archive-date = November 2, 2012}}</ref>
==Financial results==
Wal-Mart is now the largest grocery chain in the U.S., with 14 percent of all grocery sales — nearly twice the sales of ] ($95 billion vs. $51 billion). Wal-Mart also does 20 percent of the retail toy business.


====Acquisitions and employee benefits====
Wal-Mart went public on ], ]. Since then its stock has climbed from 5 cents (split adjusted) to a high of $63 in March 2002. Its stock has dropped more than 20% since then, reaching a low price of $42.31 on ], ].
On March 20, 2009, Walmart announced that it was paying a combined {{US$|933.6&nbsp;million}} in bonuses to every full and part-time hourly worker.<ref>{{cite news|date=March 20, 2009|title=Wal-Mart gives $933 mn bonus to workers|newspaper=The Economic Times|publisher=Bennett, Coleman & Co.|location=New York City|url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2009-03-20/news/28454766_1_wal-mart-chief-executive-mike-duke-wal-mart-stores|url-status=dead|access-date=August 14, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141218101427/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2009-03-20/news/28454766_1_wal-mart-chief-executive-mike-duke-wal-mart-stores|archive-date=December 18, 2014}}</ref> This was in addition to $788.8&nbsp;million in ], ] pension contributions, hundreds of millions of dollars in merchandise discounts, and contributions to the employees' stock purchase plan.<ref name="Maestri 09">{{cite news |title = Wal-Mart awards $2 billion to U.S. hourly employees |last1 = Maestri |first1 = Nicole |url = https://www.reuters.com/article/us-walmart-bonus-idUSTRE52I4PS20090319 |work = ] |date = March 19, 2009 |access-date = February 28, 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160304023532/http://www.reuters.com/article/us-walmart-bonus-idUSTRE52I4PS20090319 |archive-date = March 4, 2016}}</ref> While the economy at large was in an ongoing ], Walmart reported solid financial figures for the fiscal year ending January 31, 2009, with $401.2&nbsp;billion in net sales, a gain of 7.2&nbsp;percent from the prior year. Income from continuing operations increased 3&nbsp;percent to $13.3&nbsp;billion, and earnings per share rose 6&nbsp;percent to $3.35.<ref>{{cite web |title=Wal-Mart Reports Financial Results for Fiscal Year and Fourth Quarter |url=https://corporate.walmart.com/newsroom/2009/02/17/wal-mart-reports-financial-results-for-fiscal-year-and-fourth-quarter |website=Corporate - US |date=February 17, 2009 |access-date=October 12, 2022 |archive-date=October 12, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221012211931/https://corporate.walmart.com/newsroom/2009/02/17/wal-mart-reports-financial-results-for-fiscal-year-and-fourth-quarter |url-status=live }}</ref>


On February 22, 2010, the company confirmed it was acquiring ] company ] for an estimated $100&nbsp;million.<ref>{{cite news |url = http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052748704454304575082010734950440.html |title = Walmart Re-Enters Digital Downloading of Movies With Purchase of Vudu |newspaper = ] |date = February 22, 2010 |first = Miguel |last = Bustillo |url-status=live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130511065803/http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052748704454304575082010734950440.html |archive-date = May 11, 2013}}</ref>
For the ] ending ], ], Wal-Mart reported ] of US$11.2 ] on US$316 billion of ] revenue (3.5% ]). It is the largest private ] in the ], ] and ]. It holds an 8.9 percent retail store ], with $8.90 out of every $100 spent in U.S. retail stores being spent at Wal-Mart.


===2011–2019===
Different explanations have been offered for this success:
]Walmart's truck fleet logs millions of miles each year, and the company planned to double the fleet's efficiency between 2005 and 2015.<ref>{{cite magazine |last = Nishimoto |first = Alex |title = Walmart Debuts Turbine-Powered WAVE Semi Truck Prototype |magazine = Motor Trend |date = March 10, 2014 |url = https://www.motortrend.com/news/walmart-debuts-turbine-powered-wave-semi-truck-prototype/ |access-date = October 8, 2021 |archive-date = October 8, 2021 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20211008165017/https://www.motortrend.com/news/walmart-debuts-turbine-powered-wave-semi-truck-prototype/ |url-status = live }}</ref> Fifteen based at Walmart's ], distribution center were converted to run on ] from reclaimed cooking grease made during food preparation at Walmart stores.<ref>{{cite web |title = Wal-Mart To Test Hybrid Trucks |publisher = Sustainable Business |date = February 3, 2009 |url = https://www.sustainablebusiness.com/index.cfm/go/news.display/id/17599 |url-status=live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140508095041/https://www.sustainablebusiness.com/index.cfm/go/news.display/id/17599 |archive-date = May 8, 2014}}</ref>


On November 14, 2012, Walmart launched its first mail subscription service called Goodies. Customers pay a $7 monthly subscription for five to eight delivered food samples each month.<ref>{{cite news |url = https://www.usatoday.com/story/money/business/2012/11/14/wal-mart-food-subscription/1703481/ |title = Wal-Mart launches food subscription service |work = USA Today |access-date = November 14, 2012 |date = November 14, 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20121114134458/http://www.usatoday.com/story/money/business/2012/11/14/wal-mart-food-subscription/1703481/ |archive-date = November 14, 2012}}</ref> The service shut down in late 2013.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://techcrunch.com/2013/10/19/goodies-co-shutdown/|title=Walmart Labs' Subscription Snack Service Goodies.co Will Shut Down|work=TechCrunch|access-date=September 25, 2018|archive-date=December 24, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201224200911/https://techcrunch.com/2013/10/19/goodies-co-shutdown/|url-status=live}}</ref>
*The company has always paid a great deal of attention to site selection; in the company's early years, Sam Walton would fly over small towns in a private plane to identify prospective locations. The company claims it analyzes potential locations to find those that would support "one and a half" stores. Although the intended location was a seemingly small rural town, being up in a plane would reveal a lucrative market if the surrounding communities were taken into account, defying the conventional wisdom that a discount store requires a sizable city. Wal-Mart then promptly moved quickly to ''pre-empt'' these discovered locations, since allowing a competitor to locate would likely cause a price war that would make both discount stores unprofitable. Lastly, rural towns were less likely to have organized unions and community activists unlike large urban centers. "This strategy gave Wal-Mart a near monopoly in its local markets and enabled the company to ride out the recessions of the 1970s and 1980s more successfully than its then larger competitors such as K-Mart." <ref>Head, Simon. . ''New York Review of Books'', v. 51, n. 20, ], ]. </ref>
*Wal-Mart benefits from ] in manufacturing and ]; the purchase of massive quantities of items from its suppliers combined with a very efficient stock control system help make Wal-Mart's operating costs lower than those of its competitors. They are leaders in the field of ]&mdash;asking large suppliers to oversee stock control for a category and make recommendations to Wal-Mart buyers. This reduces the overhead of having a large inventory control and buying department. Wal-Mart's vast purchasing power also gives it the leverage to force manufacturers to change their production (usually by creating cheaper products) to suit its wishes: a single Wal-Mart order can easily comprise a double-digit percentage of a supplier's annual output.
*One particular aspect of the economy of scale is the ], used in other business such as ] and ], whereby Wal-Mart sells as many different items as possible. This allows the company to grow revenue over its fixed cost base (more sales out of the same store). This is why Wal-Mart began to sell low margin groceries.
*Information Systems: Wal-Mart helped push the retail industry to adopt UPC codes and bar-code scanning equipment. Also, Wal-Mart's focus on cost reduction has led to its involvement in a standards effort <ref>, "About EPC Global." Accessed May 5, 2006.</ref> to use ]-based ]s to lower the costs of ] management. ], it has announced plans to require the use of the technology among its top 300 suppliers by January 2006.
*Suppliers: A spokesperson for the company told the '']'' on ], ] that it imported $15 billion worth of goods from ] in the year that ended ], ]. About $7.5 billion were directly imported by Wal-Mart; the other $7.5 came indirectly through suppliers. In the same period net sales reached $256 billion, with $209 billion coming from U.S. operations. U.S. ] imports from China was reported as $152.4 billion during 2003 U.S. <ref>{{cite press release
|publisher=U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis and U.S. Bureau of the Census
|date= ]
|url=http://www.bea.gov/bea/newsrel/tradannnewsrelease.htm
|title=International Trade in Goods and Services: Annual Revision for 2004
}}</ref> Mainland Chinese media place Wal-Mart as their 8th largest trading partner in front of ] and the ] on the top-10 list.
*Cost Control: Wal-Mart watches controllable expenses very closely. Hourly employees can be reprimanded or terminated for having unauthorized overtime. In the past, Wal-Mart has taken this practice to the level of demanding unpaid overtime <ref>. Associated Press, ], ].</ref> from its employees. Wal-Mart also squeezes out any inefficiencies in the business, such as reducing paper consumption by using a computerized process.
*Time sheet Manipulation: Some employees of Wal-Mart stores have accused <ref>Saini, Angela. . ''opendemocracy.net'', ], ]. Accessed May 5, 2006.</ref> the chain of manipulation time sheets of its workers by moving hours worked as overtime to alternate weeks to aviod paying the higher wages required for overtime workers. There are also reports of managers deleting overtime hours altogether.


In August 2013, the firm announced it was in talks to acquire a majority stake in the ]-based supermarket chain, ].<ref>{{Citation |url = https://www.reuters.com/article/us-kenya-naivas-idUSBRE97C0UA20130813 |title = Wal-Mart unit seeks stake in Kenyan supermarket Naivas |work = Reuters |location = International |date = August 13, 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150924183753/http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/08/13/us-kenya-naivas-idUSBRE97C0UA20130813 |archive-date = September 24, 2015}}</ref>
==Criticism==
: ''Main article: ]''


In June 2014, some Walmart employees went on strike in major U.S. cities demanding higher wages.<ref name="CNNMoney Walmart 2014-06-04">{{cite news |url = https://money.cnn.com/2014/06/04/news/companies/walmart-strike-day/ |title = Wal-Mart workers strike in major cities |last = Sheridan |first = Patrick M. |work = CNN Money |publisher = CNN |date = June 4, 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20141216053129/http://money.cnn.com/2014/06/04/news/companies/walmart-strike-day/ |archive-date = December 16, 2014 |access-date = January 26, 2015 |quote = How can you save money if you're not making enough money? }}</ref> In July 2014, American actor and comedian ] launched a lawsuit against Walmart seeking punitive damages over a multi-car pile-up which the suit alleges was caused by the driver of one of the firm's tractor-trailers who had not slept for 24 hours. Morgan's limousine was apparently hit by the trailer, injuring him and two fellow passengers and killing a fourth, fellow comedian James McNair.<ref name="MorganWalmart">{{cite news |title = Tracy Morgan sues Walmart over New Jersey turnpike crash |url = http://www.newyorkstatesman.com/index.php/sid/223750105/scat/3a8a80d6f705f8cc/ht/Tracy-Morgan-sues-Walmart-over-New-Jersey-turnpike-crash |access-date = July 13, 2014 |work=New York Statesman |url-status=dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140714234430/http://www.newyorkstatesman.com/index.php/sid/223750105/scat/3a8a80d6f705f8cc/ht/Tracy-Morgan-sues-Walmart-over-New-Jersey-turnpike-crash |archive-date = July 14, 2014}}</ref> Walmart settled with the McNair family for $10&nbsp;million, while admitting no liability.<ref>{{cite news |last1 = McCarthy |first1 = Craig |title = Walmart paid out $10M to family of comedian killed in Tracy Morgan crash, reports say |url = http://www.nj.com/news/index.ssf/2015/03/walmart_paid_out_10m_to_family_of_comedian_killed_in_tracy_morgan_crash_reports_say.html |access-date = July 18, 2016 |work = The Star-Ledger |date = March 20, 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160916204553/http://www.nj.com/news/index.ssf/2015/03/walmart_paid_out_10m_to_family_of_comedian_killed_in_tracy_morgan_crash_reports_say.html |archive-date = September 16, 2016}}</ref> Morgan and Walmart reached a settlement in 2015 for an undisclosed amount,<ref>{{cite news |last1 = Griffith |first1 = Janelle |last2 = Zambito |first2 = Thomas |title = Tracy Morgan, Wal-Mart reach settlement in lawsuit regarding NJ Turnpike accident |url = http://www.nj.com/entertainment/index.ssf/2015/05/tracy_morgan_walmart_reach_settlement_of_lawsuit.html |access-date = July 18, 2016 |work = The Star-Ledger |date = August 7, 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160916204620/http://www.nj.com/entertainment/index.ssf/2015/05/tracy_morgan_walmart_reach_settlement_of_lawsuit.html |archive-date = September 16, 2016}}</ref> though Walmart later accused its insurers of "bad faith" in refusing to pay the settlement.<ref>{{cite news |last1 = Sherman |first1 = Ted |title = Wal-Mart insurers accused of 'bad faith' in Tracy Morgan case |url = http://www.nj.com/news/index.ssf/2015/10/wal-mart_insurers_accused_of_bad_faith_in_tracy_mo.html |access-date = July 18, 2016 |work = The Star-Ledger |date = October 14, 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160917031209/http://www.nj.com/news/index.ssf/2015/10/wal-mart_insurers_accused_of_bad_faith_in_tracy_mo.html |archive-date = September 17, 2016}}</ref>
Wal-Mart is a target of much criticism. Critics, including community groups, grass roots organisations, trade unions, and environmental groups believe Wal-Mart's success derives from business practices harmful to employees, local communities, the economy and the environment. The article on ] presents some of these issues. <ref name="Wakeup" /> <ref name="Watch" />


In 2015, Walmart was the biggest U.S. commercial producer of ] with 142 ] ], and had 17 ] projects.<ref>{{cite web |url = https://www.greentechmedia.com/articles/read/walmart-corporate-solar-deployments-storage-batteries |title = Wal-Mart Leads the Nation in Corporate Solar Deployments. What Will It Do With Storage? |access-date = October 17, 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20161016061103/http://www.greentechmedia.com/articles/read/walmart-corporate-solar-deployments-storage-batteries |archive-date = October 16, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.seia.org/research-resources/solar-means-business-2015-top-us-corporate-solar-users |title = Solar Means Business 2015: Top U.S. Corporate Solar Users |work = SEIA |access-date = October 17, 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20161018215019/http://www.seia.org/research-resources/solar-means-business-2015-top-us-corporate-solar-users |archive-date = October 18, 2016}}</ref> This solar was primarily on rooftops, whereas there is an additional 20,000&nbsp;m<sup>2</sup> for solar canopies over parking lots.<ref>Krishnan, R., et al. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171030055646/http://www.academia.edu/33535233/Technical_Solar_Photovoltaic_Potential_of_Scaled_Parking_Lot_Canopies_A_Case_Study_of_Walmart_U.S.A |date=October 30, 2017 }} ''RISUS – Journal on Innovation and Sustainability'' '''8'''(2) – 2017.</ref>
There has been heavy criticisms of Wal-Mart's treatment of its workers, including low pay and the controversial "lock-ins" <ref>{{cite news
] (Store #3303). This store was built as part of a $200&nbsp;million revitalization project.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Unique new $200 Million Taxpayer Funded Wal-Mart Opens in Grundy, Va.|url=http://www.sullivan-county.com/identity/grundy2.htm|access-date=November 5, 2020|website=sullivan-county.com|archive-date=December 24, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201224203020/http://www.sullivan-county.com/identity/grundy2.htm|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Telegraph|first=CHARLES BOOTHE Bluefield Daily|title=$200M relocation project that moved a mountain to save Grundy pays off|url=https://www.bdtonline.com/news/200m-relocation-project-that-moved-a-mountain-to-save-grundy-pays-off/article_8d92ed9c-ee48-11e5-9336-3769bae935de.html|access-date=November 5, 2020|website=Bluefield Daily Telegraph|date=March 20, 2016|archive-date=December 24, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201224203941/https://www.bdtonline.com/news/200m-relocation-project-that-moved-a-mountain-to-save-grundy-pays-off/article_8d92ed9c-ee48-11e5-9336-3769bae935de.html|url-status=live}}</ref> The store was built on top of a two-story parking garage, the only one of its kind in the United States.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Mcintosh|first=Chris|title=Unique new Wal-Mart Supercenter opens in Grundy, Va.|url=https://heraldcourier.com/news/unique-new-wal-mart-supercenter-opens-in-grundy-va/article_151ce46f-f298-59d0-9d23-640d5b0ef9f9.html|access-date=November 5, 2020|website=HeraldCourier.com|date=September 14, 2011|archive-date=December 24, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201224203439/https://heraldcourier.com/news/unique-new-wal-mart-supercenter-opens-in-grundy-va/article_151ce46f-f298-59d0-9d23-640d5b0ef9f9.html|url-status=live}}</ref>]]
|first=Steven
On January 15, 2016, Walmart announced it would close 269 stores in 2016, affecting 16,000 workers.<ref>{{cite web |url = https://money.cnn.com/2016/01/15/news/companies/walmart-store-closings/index.html |title = Walmart will close 269 stores this year, affecting 16,000 workers |publisher = CNN |date = January 16, 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160118041646/http://money.cnn.com/2016/01/15/news/companies/walmart-store-closings/index.html |archive-date = January 18, 2016}}</ref> Of the stores earmarked for closure, 154 were in the U.S., 95% of which were located, on average, 10 miles from another Walmart store. The 269 stores represented less than 1&nbsp;percent of global square footage and revenue for the company. The 102 locations of Neighborhood Markets that were formerly or originally planned to be Walmart Express, which had been in a pilot program since 2011 and converted in to Neighborhood Markets in 2014, were included in the closures. Walmart planned to focus on "strengthening Supercenters, optimizing Neighborhood Markets, growing the e-commerce business and expanding pickup services for customers". In fiscal 2017, the company plans to open between 50 and 60 Supercenters, 85 to 95 Neighborhood Markets, 7 to 10 Sam's Clubs, and 200 to 240 international locations.<ref name=":0">{{cite news |last1=Gustafson |first1=Krystina |last2=Reagan |first2=Courtney |date=January 15, 2016 |title=Wal-Mart to close 269 stores as it retools fleet |publisher=] |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2016/01/15/wal-mart-to-close-269-stores-as-it-retools-fleet.html |access-date=February 3, 2019 |archive-date=December 24, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201224195211/https://www.cnbc.com/2016/01/15/wal-mart-to-close-269-stores-as-it-retools-fleet.html |url-status=live }}</ref> At the end of fiscal 2017, Walmart opened 38 Supercenters and relocated, expanded or converted 21 discount stores into Supercenters, for a total of 59 Supercenters, and opened 69 Neighborhood Markets, 8 Sam's Clubs, and 173 international locations, and relocated, expanded or converted 4 locations for a total of 177 international locations. On August 8, 2016, Walmart announced a deal to acquire e-commerce website Jet.com for US$3.3&nbsp;billion.<ref>{{cite web |url = https://www.usatoday.com/story/money/2016/08/08/walmart-acquires-jetcom-for-3-billion/88386988/ |title = Why Walmart is spending $3B for online seller Jet.com |work = ] |first = Hadley |last = Malcolm |date = August 8, 2016 |access-date = October 6, 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20161010053719/http://www.usatoday.com/story/money/2016/08/08/walmart-acquires-jetcom-for-3-billion/88386988/ |archive-date = October 10, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url = http://www.recode.net/2016/8/7/12395114/walmart-jet-acquisition-3-billion-price |title = Walmart is buying Jet.com for $3 billion |last = Rey |first = Jason Del |date = August 8, 2016 |website = Recode |access-date = August 8, 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160808221507/http://www.recode.net/2016/8/7/12395114/walmart-jet-acquisition-3-billion-price |archive-date = August 8, 2016}}</ref> Jet.com co-founder and ] ] stayed on to run Jet.com in addition to Walmart's existing U.S. e-commerce operation. The acquisition was structured as a payout of $3&nbsp;billion in cash, and an additional $300&nbsp;million in Walmart stock vested over time as part of an incentive bonus plan for Jet.com executives.<ref name="Walmart-Inc-Aug-2016-8-K">{{cite web |url=http://pdf.secdatabase.com/1267/0000104169-16-000113.pdf |title=Walmart Inc, Form 8-K, Current Report, Filing Date Aug 8, 2016 |publisher=secdatabase.com |access-date=April 23, 2018 |archive-date=September 25, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200925032710/http://pdf.secdatabase.com/1267/0000104169-16-000113.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> On October 19, 2016, Walmart announced it would partner with IBM and Tsinghua University to track the pork supply chain in China using blockchain.<ref>{{cite web |url = https://www.yahoo.com/tech/walmart-and-ibm-will-use-blockchain-to-track-pork-from-china-142530691.html |title = Walmart to team with IBM (IBM) and Tsinghua University to track the pork supply chain in China using blockchain |last = Roberts |first = Daniel |date = October 19, 2016 |access-date = October 20, 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20161021073245/https://www.yahoo.com/tech/walmart-and-ibm-will-use-blockchain-to-track-pork-from-china-142530691.html |archive-date = October 21, 2016}}</ref> The use of blockchain to automate the tracking of the supply chain promises the potential for Walmart to save money and thus increase profits.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Hasan |first1=Mohammad Raihanul |last2=Shiming |first2=Deng |last3=Islam |first3=Mollah Aminul |last4=Hossain |first4=Muhammed Zakir |date=June 1, 2020 |title=Operational efficiency effects of blockchain technology implementation in firms: Evidence from China |url=https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/RIBS-05-2019-0069/full/html |journal=Review of International Business and Strategy |language=en |volume=30 |issue=2 |pages=163–181 |doi=10.1108/RIBS-05-2019-0069 |s2cid=216520739 |issn=2059-6014 |access-date=November 18, 2022 |archive-date=November 18, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221118234623/https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/RIBS-05-2019-0069/full/html |url-status=live }}</ref>
|last=Greenhouse
|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2004/01/18/national/18WALM.html?ex=1389762000&en=659ee9a0025b35de&ei=5007&partner=USERLAND
|title=Workers Assail Night Lock-Ins by Wal-Mart
|work= ]
|date= ]
}}</ref> The "lock-ins" were when night managers would lock the employees in the building overnight, supposedly to prevent theft. Workers in the building would be unable to leave. As of 2004, this practice was in effect in approximately 10% of Wal-Marts in the United States. In a case in Florida, an employee was "deathly ill" according to coworkers, yet the manager refused to come immediately to unlock the building, instead telling the employees to "Fine one of the mattresses. Have him lay down on the floor."


On February 15, 2017, Walmart announced the acquisition of Moosejaw, a leading online active outdoor retailer, for approximately $51&nbsp;million. The acquisition closed on February 13, 2017.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Walmart Announces the Acquisition of Moosejaw, a Leading Online Outdoor Retailer|url=http://news.walmart.com/_news_/2017/02/15/walmart-announces-the-acquisition-of-moosejaw-a-leading-online-outdoor-retailer|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170319022322/http://news.walmart.com/_news_/2017/02/15/walmart-announces-the-acquisition-of-moosejaw-a-leading-online-outdoor-retailer|archive-date=March 19, 2017|access-date=March 12, 2017}}</ref> On June 16, 2017, Walmart agreed to acquire the men's apparel company ] for $310&nbsp;million in an effort to expand its fashion holdings.<ref>{{cite news |url = https://mobile.nytimes.com/2017/06/16/business/walmart-bonobos-merger.html |title = Walmart to Buy Bonobos, Men's Wear Company, for $310 Million |newspaper = The New York Times |date = June 16, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170617084010/https://mobile.nytimes.com/2017/06/16/business/walmart-bonobos-merger.html |archive-date = June 17, 2017}}</ref> On September 29, 2017, Walmart acquired Parcel, a same-day and last-mile delivery company in ].<ref>{{Cite web |url = https://blog.walmart.com/business/20171003/who-is-parcel-what-this-delivery-company-means-to-walmart |title = Who is Parcel? What This Delivery Company Means to Walmart |website = blog.walmart.com |date = October 3, 2017 |access-date = November 6, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20171107055646/https://blog.walmart.com/business/20171003/who-is-parcel-what-this-delivery-company-means-to-walmart |archive-date = November 7, 2017}}</ref> In 2018, Walmart started crowdsourcing delivery services to customers using drivers' private vehicles, under the brand "Spark".<ref name="Spark delivery">{{cite news |title=Walmart to launch delivery service for other businesses |url=https://abcnews.go.com/Business/wireStory/walmart-launch-delivery-service-businesses-79612856 |date=August 24, 2021 |agency=] |author=Anne D'Innocenzio |access-date=August 25, 2021 |archive-date=August 25, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210825002406/https://abcnews.go.com/Business/wireStory/walmart-launch-delivery-service-businesses-79612856 |url-status=live }}</ref>
In 2005, Wal-Mart officials embarked on a public relations campaign to counter some of the criticism it receives, through its as well as through television commercials which show employees who have had a medical emergency and have been sent by Wal-Mart to the ].


On December 6, 2017, Walmart announced that it would change its corporate name to Walmart Inc. from Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. effective February 1, 2018.<ref name="Walmart-Inc-Dec-2017-8-K">{{cite web |url=http://pdf.secdatabase.com/2571/0000104169-17-000084.pdf |title=Walmart Inc, Form 8-K, Current Report, Filing Date Dec 6, 2017 |publisher=secdatabase.com |access-date=April 23, 2018 |archive-date=December 24, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201224195655/http://pdf.secdatabase.com/2571/0000104169-17-000084.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Walmart Inc">{{Cite web |url = https://www.msn.com/en-us/money/companies/wal-marts-new-name-its-not-just-a-store-anymore/ar-BBGjaxa?li=BBnb7Kz |title = Wal-Mart's New Name: It's Not Just a Store Anymore |publisher = MSN |access-date = December 6, 2017 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20171207025508/https://www.msn.com/en-us/money/companies/wal-marts-new-name-its-not-just-a-store-anymore/ar-BBGjaxa?li=BBnb7Kz |archive-date = December 7, 2017 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
It was reported in the ''New York Times'' on November 1, 2005 that in response to increased criticism the ] firm ] had been retained. Edelman has set up an internal "]", a rapid-response public relations team, staffed with high-profile political operatives to respond to negative media attention. Operatives hired include Michael K. Deaver who formerly worked on behalf of Ronald Reagan, Leslie Dach who worked on behalf of Bill Clinton, and Robert McAdam who worked on behalf of the Tobacco Institute.<ref>{{cite news
|first=Michael
|last=Barbaro
|url= http://www.nytimes.com/2005/11/01/business/01walmart.ready.html
|title=A New Weapon For Wal-Mart: A War Room
|publisher=New York Times
|page=A1
|date=]
}}</ref>


On January 11, 2018, Walmart announced that 63 Sam's Club locations would be closing. Some of the stores had already liquidated, without notifying employees; some employees learned by a company-wide email delivered January 11. Walmart said that ten of the stores will become e-commerce distribution centers and employees can reapply to work at those locations. '']'' magazine calculated that over 11,000 workers would be affected.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.cleveland19.com/story/37245316/sams-club-stores-close-around-the-country | title=Sam's Club stores close around the country | work=Cleveland 19 News | date=January 11, 2018 | access-date=May 17, 2019 | archive-date=January 12, 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180112042811/http://www.cleveland19.com/story/37245316/sams-club-stores-close-around-the-country | url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Walmart is abruptly closing 63 Sam's Club stores and laying off thousands of workers|url=http://www.businessinsider.com/walmart-suddenly-closes-sams-club-stores-2018-1/|author=Peterson, Hayley|date=January 11, 2018|website=]|access-date=May 17, 2019|archive-date=April 3, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190403012624/https://www.businessinsider.com/walmart-suddenly-closes-sams-club-stores-2018-1|url-status=live}}</ref> On the same day, Walmart announced that as a result of ], it would be raising Walmart starting wages, distributing bonuses, expanding its leave policies and contributing toward the cost of employees' adoptions. ], Walmart's CEO, said, "We are early in the stages of assessing the opportunities tax reform creates for us to invest in our customers and associates and to further strengthen our business, all of which should benefit our shareholders."<ref>{{cite web|title=Walmart is giving its workers a pay raise and a cash bonus of up to $1,000|url=http://www.businessinsider.com/walmart-raises-employee-wages-11-2018-1|author=Peterson, Hayley|date=January 11, 2018|website=]|access-date=May 17, 2019|archive-date=May 17, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190517234906/https://www.businessinsider.com/walmart-raises-employee-wages-11-2018-1|url-status=live}}</ref>
Wal-Mart's public relations effort has also included emailing favorable material to ]gers, some of whom have disseminated it without disclosing that it was written by the company. <ref name="bloggerPR">{{cite news
|first=Michael
|last=Barbaro
|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2006/03/07/technology/07blog.html?_r=3&ei=5094&en=4ae93d6a6547651a&hp=&ex=1141707600&adxnnl=0&oref=slogin&partner=homepage&adxnnlx=1141737207-sck/nxgpB+WIJujRMcPwGA&pagewanted=print&oref=slogin
|title=Wal-Mart Enlists Bloggers in P.R. Campaign
|work=New York Times
|date=]
|accessdate=2006-05-05
}}</ref>


It was reported that Walmart is now looking at entering the subscription-video space, hoping to compete with Netflix and Amazon. They have enlisted the help of former ] CEO, Mark Greenberg, to help develop a low-cost subscription video-streaming service.<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://variety.com/2018/digital/news/walmart-mark-greenberg-streaming-video-subscription-netflix-amazon-1202881274/|title=Walmart Enlists Mark Greenberg, Former Epix CEO, to Develop Netflix Competitor|magazine=Variety|last=Spangler|first=Todd|date=July 28, 2018|access-date=January 18, 2019|archive-date=December 24, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201224201443/https://variety.com/2018/digital/news/walmart-mark-greenberg-streaming-video-subscription-netflix-amazon-1202881274/|url-status=live}}</ref>
:"Under assault as never before, Wal-Mart is increasingly looking beyond the mainstream media and working directly with bloggers, feeding them exclusive nuggets of news, suggesting topics for postings and even inviting them to visit its corporate headquarters." <ref name="bloggerPR" />


On February 26, 2019, Walmart announced that it had acquired Tel Aviv-based product review start-up Aspectiva for an undisclosed sum.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.jpost.com/Jpost-Tech/In-first-Israeli-acquisition-Walmart-purchases-start-up-Aspectiva-581803|title=In first Israeli acquisition, Walmart purchases start-up Aspectiva – Hi-tech news – Jerusalem Post|newspaper=The Jerusalem Post &#124; Jpost.com|access-date=February 26, 2019|archive-date=August 4, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200804171217/https://www.jpost.com/jpost-tech/in-first-israeli-acquisition-walmart-purchases-start-up-aspectiva-581803|url-status=live}}</ref>
April 2006 entries appearing on the websites ] and ] insinuated that Wal-Mart's public relations wing has been involved in an ] of the company's Misplaced Pages article for the past two years. Tactics cited include removing unfavorable information, shunting unfavorable information off to separate articles, and including copious passages of positive information. <ref> {{cite web
| last = Demsyn
| first = Richard
| year = 2006
| url =http://www.whitedust.net/article/55/Wal-marts_Wikipedia_War/
| title = Wal-Mart's Misplaced Pages War
| work = Whitedust
| accessdate = May 3
| accessyear = 2006
}}</ref><ref>{{cite web
| year = 2006
| url = http://yro.slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=06/04/28/1331232
| title = Wal-mart's Misplaced Pages War
| work = Slashdot: Your Rights Online
| accessdate = May 3
| accessyear = 2006
}}</ref>


In May 2019, Walmart announced the launch of free one-day shipping on more than 220,000 items with minimum purchase amount of $35.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cnn.com/2019/05/14/business/walmart-one-day-shipping-amazon-prime/index.html|title=Walmart is rolling out next-day delivery. Look out, Amazon.com|first=Nathaniel|last=Meyersohn|work=CNN|date=May 14, 2019|access-date=June 6, 2019|archive-date=October 22, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201022123754/https://www.cnn.com/2019/05/14/business/walmart-one-day-shipping-amazon-prime/index.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
==Economic impact studies in the United States==
As Wal-Mart is an enormously large business, it has a significant impact on economies wherever it operates. At least two dozen studies have been conducted to determined the nature and extent of this effect, most of which are indexed or (both sites emphasize negatives of big boxes).
] of ] has published several studies on Wal-Mart. In ], Stone found that small towns "lose up to 47 percent of their retail trade after 10 years of Wal-Mart stores nearby." <ref>{{cite paper
|author= Stone, Kenneth E.
|date= 1997
|url= http://www.econ.iastate.edu/faculty/stone/10yrstudy.pdf
|title= Impact of the Wal-Mart Phenomenon on Rural Communities
|publisher= Proceedings of ''Increasing Understanding of Public Problems and Policies - 1997'', Farm Foundation, Chicago, Illinois
|accessdate= 2006-05-05
}}</ref> A study by Russell S. Sobel and Andrea M. Dean, says that the Stone study is flawed, and found that though Wal-Mart openings cause some small businesses to close by offering lower prices, it also creates opportunities for other small businesses and that as a result, "the process of ] unleashed by Wal-Mart has no statistically significant impact on the overall size of the small business sector in the United States." In ], Stone collaborated with Georgeanne Artz, also of Iowa State University, and Albert Myles of ] to show that there "are both positive and negative impacts on existing stores in the area where the new supercenter locates." <ref>{{cite paper
|author=Stone, Kenneth E., Artz, Georgeanne, and Myles, Albert.
|date=2003
|url=http://msucares.com/pubs/misc/m1283.pdf
|title=The Economic Impact of Wal-Mart Supercenters on Existing Businesses in Mississippi
|publisher=Mississippi State University Extension Service
|version=publication M1283 (700-12-02)
|accessdate=2006-05-05
}}</ref>
In ], the state of Georgia's survey of children in the state's subsidized health care system, ], found that Wal-Mart employed more of the parents of these children than any other employer. More than 10,000 children who qualified for the program had parents working at Wal-Mart. The next largest employer employed the parents of less than 800 children in the program.
A 2002 study <ref>{{cite paper
|author=Basker, Emek
|date=2002
|url=http://econwpa.wustl.edu/eps/lab/papers/0303/0303002.pdf
|title= Job Creation or Destruction? Labor-Market Effects of Wal-Mart Expansion
}}</ref> by Emek Basker of the ] examined the impact of Wal-Mart on local employment. Basker found that Wal-Mart's entry into a county increased net retail employment in that county by 100 jobs in the short term. Half of this increase disappeared as other retail establishments close or reduce employment over a five-year period "leaving a long-run statistically significant net gain of 50 jobs."
In ], the ] published a study which asserted that Wal-Mart's low wages and benefits resulted in an increased burden on the social safety net, costing California taxpayers $86 million. <ref>{{cite paper
|author=Dube, Arindrajit, and Ken Jacobs
|date=]
|url=http://laborcenter.berkeley.edu/lowwage/walmart.pdf
|title=Hidden Cost of Wal-Mart Jobs
|publisher=UC Berkeley Labor Center (Briefiing Paper Series)
}}</ref>
A 2005 study <ref>{{cite paper
|author= Hausman, Jerry, and Leibtag, Ephraim
|date=]
|url=http://econ-www.mit.edu/faculty/download_pdf.php?id=1192
|title=CPI Bias from Supercenters: Does the BLS Know that Wal-Mart Exists?
|version= Revised
}}</ref> by ] of ] and Ephraim Leibtag of the ] found that because the ] does not take into account lower prices at discount retailers, like Wal-Mart, that food at home ] was overstated by as much as 15% per year. Another 2005 study <ref> {{cite paper
|author= Hausman, Jerry, and Leibtag, Ephraim
|date= ]
|url=http://econ-www.mit.edu/faculty/download_pdf.php?id=1243
|title=Consumer Benefits from Increased Competition in Shopping Outlets: Measuring the Effect of Wal-Mart }}</ref> the same authors measures the effect on ] of the presence of discount retailers.
A 2005 study by ] <ref>{{cite paper
|author=Global Insight, Inc.
|date=]
|url=http://www.globalinsight.com/MultiClientStudy/MultiClientStudyDetail2438.htm
|title=The Economic Impact of Wal-Mart
|publisher=Global Insight, Inc.
}} </ref> commissioned by Wal-Mart found the company has had a positive net economic impact on the U.S. economy <ref name="stepped-up" />. From 1985-2004, Wal-Mart "can be associated with a cumulative decline of 9.1% in food-at-home prices, a 4.2% decline in commodities (goods) prices, and a 3.1% decline in overall consumer prices," and that this has saved consumers $263 billion in that time frame ($2329 per household). Also in that time period, it is responsible for the creation of 210,000 net jobs for the economy. The study indicates that "nominal wages are 2.2% lower, but given that consumer prices are 3.1% lower, real disposable income is 0.9% higher than it would have been in a world without Wal-Mart." Other papers presented at the conference <ref>{{cite web
| year = 2005
| url = http://reclaimdemocracy.org/walmart/2005_conference_studies_links.php
| title = Papers Presented at Global Insight's Conference on Economic Impacts of Wal-Mart
| publisher = ReclaimDemocracy.org
| accessdate = May 5
| accessyear = 2006
}}</ref> contradict some of Global Insight's claims.


In September 2019, Walmart made the announcement that it would cease the sale of all e-cigarettes due to "regulatory complexity and uncertainty" over the products. Earlier in 2019, Walmart stopped selling fruit-flavored e-cigarette and had raised the minimum age to 21 for the purchase of products containing tobacco.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Robertson |first1=Adi |title=Walmart says it will stop selling e-cigarettes |url=https://www.theverge.com/2019/9/20/20876076/walmart-sams-club-e-cigarette-sales-stop-regulation-uncertainty-lung-illness |website=The Verge |date=September 20, 2019 |access-date=September 26, 2019 |archive-date=June 17, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200617184155/https://www.theverge.com/2019/9/20/20876076/walmart-sams-club-e-cigarette-sales-stop-regulation-uncertainty-lung-illness |url-status=live }}</ref> That same month, Walmart opened its first Health Center, a "medical mall" where customers can purchase primary care services. Prices without insurance were listed, for instance, at $30 for an annual physical and $45 for a counseling session.<ref>{{cite magazine |last1=Times Staff |title=12 Innovations That Will Change Health Care and Medicine in the 2020s |url=https://time.com/5710295/top-health-innovations/ |magazine=Time |access-date=October 29, 2019 |archive-date=December 24, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201224203833/https://time.com/5710295/top-health-innovations/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Continuing with its health care initiative, they opened a {{Convert|2600|sqft|m2}} health and wellness clinic prototype in Springdale, Arkansas just to expand services.<ref>{{cite web|last=Petro|first=Greg|title=Walmart And Amazon Lead The Retail Pack By Leveraging Healthcare|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/gregpetro/2020/06/25/walmart-and-amazon-lead-the-retail-pack-by-leveraging-healthcare/|date=June 25, 2020|access-date=June 27, 2020|work=Forbes|archive-date=November 16, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201116071755/https://www.forbes.com/sites/gregpetro/2020/06/25/walmart-and-amazon-lead-the-retail-pack-by-leveraging-healthcare/|url-status=live}}</ref>
==Wal-Mart in popular culture==
*Billie Letts' 1995 novel '']'' depicts 17-year-old Novalee Nation moving in to, and giving birth in, an Oklahoma Wal-Mart.
*The chain banned ]'s 1996 self-titled album because the lyrics in the song ''Love is a Good Thing'' went, in part: "Watch out sister/Watch out brother/Watch our children as they kill each other/with a gun they bought at the Wal-Mart discount stores." <ref>{{cite news
|first=Marcus
|last=Errico
|url=http://www.eonline.com/News/Items/0,1,159,00.html
|title=Wal-Mart Bans Sheryl Crow's Next Album
|work=E! Online
|publisher=E! Entertainment Television
|date=]
|accessdate=2006-05-05
}}</ref>
*"]" and ''Monstromart'' are big-box retailers in ] on Fox's '']''.
*"]" (with a pronunciation similar to "]") is a large discount retailer on Fox's '']''. <ref>{{cite web
| url = http://www.tv.com/king-of-the-hill/propane-boom-1/episode/4244/summary.html
| title = King of the Hill: Propane Boom (1)
| publisher = TV.com Episode Summaries
}}</ref>
*"Price-Mart" is the Wal-Mart stand-in for jokes on "]"
*Country music star ]'s 2005 album "Anywhere But Here" is released, which includes the hit song, "Wal-Mart Parking Lot", which tells the tale of coming-of-age in a small U.S. town.
*A "Wall-Mart" built in ]'s '']'' episode "]" runs all local stores out of business. The retailer is depicted as a self-aware and independent entity, building itself across the nation to take over everything, and forcing employees and managers to work there against their will. The episode also pokes fun at consumers: South Park residents are forced to shop at Wall-Mart because they are unable to resist its everyday low prices. The town, unable to resist shopping there, tries to burn Wall-Mart, but a crew rebuilds it the following day. Stan and Kyle eventually destroy the Wall-Mart by breaking its heart, a mirror in the electronics department that reflects the image of Stan and Kyle, which shows them that the heart of Wall-Mart is the consumers. South Park residents return to a mom and pop store until it too becomes a big box retailer, which residents promptly burn to the ground.
*] parody Wal-mart with a massive store called the ''Wall-2-Wall Mart''
*A ] cartoon called "Big Box Mart" premiered on the ], 2005 '']''.
*Former '']'' humor columnist ] penned a column detailing the early millennium fascination with spending the night in an ] parked outside Wal-Mart.
* ], documentary filmmaker of "]" released "]", a film highly critical of Wal-Mart in 2005.


By October 2019, Walmart stopped selling all live fish and aquatic plants.<ref>{{cite web |title=Walmart Discontinuing Sale of Pet Fish |url=http://www.petbusiness.com/Walmart-Discontinuing-Sale-of-Pet-Fish/ |website=Pet Business Magazine |date=July 2, 2019 |access-date=July 2, 2019 |archive-date=July 5, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190705062611/http://www.petbusiness.com/Walmart-Discontinuing-Sale-of-Pet-Fish/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
==Statistics==
===Retail operations===
]
{{main|List of assets owned by Wal-Mart Stores, Inc.}}


===2020s: Continuing growth and development===
Wal-Mart operates 5 major retail formats under 3 retail divisions:
]
*'''Wal-Mart Stores, USA'''
**'''Wal-Mart Discount Stores''' &mdash; Average 100,000 square feet (9,290 m²) and include a selection of general merchandise, including apparel, electronics, health and beauty aids, toys, sporting goods, and household products. The stores also have an in-house-branded food court. There were 1,209 Wal-Mart Discount Stores in the U.S. as of January 31, 2006.
**'''Wal-Mart Supercenter''' &mdash; Average 187,000 square feet (17,400 m²) and combine a standard Wal-Mart Discount Store with a full-line ]. (commonly known as ]s or ]s) The stores also typically feature a tire and oil change shop (]), Wal-Mart Vision Center, and numerous alcove shops - such as a Wal-Mart Money Center, hair and nail salons, a ] video store, an arcade, and a branch from a local bank in the area. The food courts are normally limited-menu ], though ], ], and ] have also been located. Some locations also sell ] through ]. There were 1,980 Wal-Mart Supercenters in the U.S. as of January 31, 2006.
**''']''' &mdash; Average 43,000 square feet (4,000 m²) and include grocery, pharmacy, and limited general merchandise products. There were 101 Neighborhood Markets in the U.S. as of January 31, 2006. The concept will be introduced into ] in 2006 with 3 stores (one in ] and 2 in the ]).
**'''Walmart.com''' &mdash; Online shopping site that offers merchandise different from that in stores. The walmart.com site also offers digital music downloads with ] (DRM) and online photo processing.
*''']''' &mdash; a membership-only wholesale warehouse club focused mainly on serving small business owners. Clubs average 128,000 square feet (11,891 m²). Like some Wal-Mart Supercenters, some Sam's Club locations sell gasoline through Murphy USA. There were 567 Sam's Clubs in the U.S. as of January 31, 2006. Sam's Club also operates in ].
*'''Wal-Mart International''' &mdash; operates various formats internationally, including (but not limited to) SAM'S CLUB, Discount Stores, Supercenters, Supermarkets, and restaurants.
In the ] the '''Wal*Mart''' name is only used as part of the main retail name (in conjunction with the ASDA brand) for the ultra large ] format. In addition to the standard ] stores, the company also runs the high street ] clothes store brand.


In early 2020, the ] forced temporary measures such as store closures, limited store occupancy, large-scale employee dismissal, and the enforcement of ] protocols for Walmart and many other companies. Store hours were adjusted to allow cleaning and stocking. Limits on items were placed due to the rise of ].
===Store counts and revenue===
]]]
Store Counts (as of May 4, 2006) & Revenue (for FYE January 31, 2006):
*Company Total: 6,556 stores (US$312.4 billion)
**Wal-Mart Stores USA (3,877 stores, excluding ]) (US$209.9 billion)
***Discount Stores: 1,183
***Supercenters: 2,022
***SAM'S CLUB (United States): 568 Clubs (US$39.7 billion total)
***Neighborhood Markets: 104
**International: 2,679 (US$62.7 billion total)
***]: 12
***]: 293
***]: 278
***]: 57
***]: 128
***]: 58
***]: 88
***]: 120
***]: 37
***]: 397
***]: 789
***]: 33
***] (] ]): 54
***]: 16
***] (]): 319


During the pandemic, Walmart changed some of its employee benefits. Employees were able to decide to stay home and take unpaid leave if they feel unable to work or uncomfortable coming to work. Additionally, Walmart employees who contract the virus would receive "up to two weeks of pay". After two weeks, hourly associates who are unable to return to work are eligible for up to 26 weeks in pay.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.businessinsider.com/coronavirus-changes-walmart-starbucks-employee-benefits-2020-3|title=From Walmart to Burger King's parent company, these 14 retail companies are changing their benefits policies amid the coronavirus pandemic|last=Jiang|first=Irene|website=Business Insider|access-date=March 20, 2020|archive-date=November 14, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201114074301/https://www.businessinsider.com/coronavirus-changes-walmart-starbucks-employee-benefits-2020-3|url-status=live}}</ref> Walmart paid pandemic bonuses of $428&nbsp;million to its staff. People who did part-time or temporary work received a bonus of $150 while those who worked full-time received a bonus of $300.<ref>{{cite news |title=Walmart to spend another $428 million on employee bonuses |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-walmart-idCAKCN24M25C |access-date=October 12, 2022 |work=Reuters |date=July 21, 2020 |language=en |archive-date=October 12, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221012193409/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-walmart-idCAKCN24M25C |url-status=live }}</ref> Starting in July 2020, Walmart customers were required to wear masks in all stores nationwide, including Sam's Club.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Tyko|first=Kelly|date=July 15, 2020|title=Walmart and Sam's Club to require masks nationwide starting July 20 as COVID-19 cases rise|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/money/2020/07/15/walmart-masks-required-shoppers-sams-club-covid-19/5442415002/|access-date=July 15, 2020|website=USA Today|archive-date=December 4, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201204083053/https://www.usatoday.com/story/money/2020/07/15/walmart-masks-required-shoppers-sams-club-covid-19/5442415002/|url-status=live}}</ref> By February 2022, the COVID-19 restrictions such as the mask requirements and employee benefits were lifted.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-02-13 |title=Walmart lifts mask mandate and COVID sick leave policy for vaccinated employees |url=https://abc7.com/walmart-mask-mandate-drops-vaccinated-employee/11561568/ |access-date=2024-05-19 |website=ABC7 Los Angeles |language=en}}</ref>
ASDA in the United Kingdom is the largest of the international businesses by sales. In Germany, however, after eight years in the market, Wal-Mart's yearly revenue is still less than one-tenth of the leading retailer, ]. The presence of unions, the difficulty of obtaining building permits and high competition are some possible reasons for this lack of success. With ] and ] there are also two established discounters in the market that drive the same price policy as Wal-Mart.


In the first quarter of 2020, consumers responded to COVID by shopping less frequently (5.6% fewer transactions), and buying more when they did shop (16.5%).<ref name="Kohan"/> As people shifted from eating out to eating at home,<ref name="Volpe">{{cite journal |last1=Volpe |first1=Richard |last2=Boland |first2=Michael A. |title=The Economic Impacts of Walmart Supercenters |journal=Annual Review of Resource Economics |date=October 5, 2022 |volume=14 |issue=1 |pages=43–62 |doi=10.1146/annurev-resource-111820-032827 |s2cid=250158765 |language=en |issn=1941-1340|doi-access=free }}</ref> net sales at Walmart increased by 10.5%, while online sales rose by 74%. Although Walmart experienced a 5.5% increase in operating expenses, its net income increased by 3.9%.<ref name="Kohan">{{cite news |last1=Kohan |first1=Shelley E. |title=Walmart's Online Sales Have Surged 74% During The Pandemic |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/shelleykohan/2020/05/19/walmart-revenue-up-86-e-commerce-up-74/?sh=5f27f0d366cc |access-date=October 12, 2022 |work=Forbes |date=May 19, 2020 |language=en |archive-date=October 12, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221012194851/https://www.forbes.com/sites/shelleykohan/2020/05/19/walmart-revenue-up-86-e-commerce-up-74/?sh=5f27f0d366cc |url-status=live }}</ref> In the third quarter of 2020, Walmart reported revenue of $134.7&nbsp;billion, representing a year-on-year increase of 5.2 percent.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.ft.com/content/ed02767c-48cd-418f-baa9-49cd44ed5310 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221210/https://www.ft.com/content/ed02767c-48cd-418f-baa9-49cd44ed5310 |archive-date=December 10, 2022 |url-access=subscription|title= Walmart and Home Depot extend pandemic winning streaks |work=]|first=Alistair|last=Gray|date=November 17, 2020|access-date=November 17, 2020}}</ref>
==Corporate governance==
*
*


In December 2020, Walmart launched a new service, Carrier Pickup, that allows the customers to schedule returns.<ref>{{Cite news|date=December 21, 2020|title=Walmart unveils new product return service|work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/walmart-return-idUSKBN28V19O|access-date=December 21, 2020|archive-date=December 25, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201225204042/https://www.reuters.com/article/walmart-return-idUSKBN28V19O|url-status=live}}</ref>
Former members of the board of directors of Wal-Mart include ] (1985-1992), who also worked for Wal-Mart as a lawyer, <ref>{{cite news|first=Ward |last=Harkavy |url=http://www.villagevoice.com/news/0021,harkavy,15052,5.html |title=Wal-Mart’s First Lady |work=] |date=] |accessdate=2006-05-05}} </ref> and ], who went on to be vice chairman . He has since plead guilty to five counts of wire fraud and one count of filing a false tax return related to embezzlement and theft from Wal-Mart while serving as a member of its board.


In January 2021, Walmart announced that the company is launching a ] startup, with venture partner Ribbit Capital, to provide financial products for consumers and employees.<ref>{{cite news |last=Townsend |first=Matthew |url=https://www.bloombergquint.com/onweb/walmart-announces-fintech-startup-with-ribbit-capital |title=Walmart Creates Fintech Startup, Speeding Push Beyond Retail |work=] |date=January 12, 2021 |access-date=January 12, 2021 |archive-date=January 23, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210123151439/https://www.bloombergquint.com/onweb/walmart-announces-fintech-startup-with-ribbit-capital |url-status=live }}</ref>
==See also==
*]
*], the Wal-Mart child-safety program
*]
*]
*]
*]
*]
*]
*]
*]
*]
*'']'' - a ] documentary by ].
*]
*]


In February 2021, Walmart acquired technology from Thunder Industries, which uses automation to create digital ads, to expand its online marketing capabilities.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Bruell|first=Sahil Patel and Alexandra|date=February 4, 2021|title=Walmart Buys Ad Tech to Chase Small-Business Advertisers|work=The Wall Street Journal|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/walmart-buys-ad-tech-to-chase-small-business-advertisers-11612438200|access-date=February 8, 2021|issn=0099-9660|archive-date=February 7, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210207220700/https://www.wsj.com/articles/walmart-buys-ad-tech-to-chase-small-business-advertisers-11612438200|url-status=live}}</ref>
==References==
<references/>


In May 2021, Walmart acquired the Israeli startup Zeekit for $200&nbsp;million. Zeekit uses artificial intelligence to allow customers to try on clothing via a dynamic virtual platform.<ref> {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210914154004/https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/MAGAZINE-the-walmart-deal-meet-one-of-the-only-israeli-women-to-seal-a-nine-figure-exit-1.10112985 |date=September 14, 2021 }}, ]</ref>
==Further reading==
*{{cite book | author=Bergdahl, Michael | title=What I Learned from Sam Walton: How to Compete and Thrive in a Wal-Mart World | publisher= | year=2004 | id=ISBN 0471679984}}
*{{cite book | author=Bianco, Anthony | title=The Bully of Bentonville: How the High Cost of Wal-Mart's Everyday Low Prices Is Hurting America | publisher= | year=2006 | id=ISBN 0385513569}}
*{{cite book | author=Dicker, John | title= The United States of Wal-Mart | publisher=Jeremy P. Tarcher| year=2005 | id=ISBN 1585424226}}
*{{cite book | author=]| title=] | publisher= Owl Books| year=2002 | id=ISBN 0745318460}}
*{{cite book | author=Featherstone, Liza | title=Selling Women Short: The Landmark Battle for Workers' Rights at Wal-Mart | publisher=Basic Books | year=2004 | id=ISBN 0465023169}}
*{{cite book | author=Fishman, Charles| title= | publisher=Penguin Press | year=2005 | id=ISBN 1594200769}}
*{{cite book | author=Joseph, Marc & Fischer, Rusty | title= The Secrets of Retailing, or: How to Beat Wal-Mart! | publisher=Silverback Books | year=2005 | id=ISBN 1596370378}}
*{{cite book | author=Lichtenstein, Nelson | title=Wal-Mart: A Field Guide to America's Largest Company and the World's Largest Employer | publisher=New Press | year=2006 | id=ISBN 1595580352}}
*{{cite book | author=Ortega, Bob | title=In Sam We Trust: The Untold Story of Sam Walton and Wal-Mart, the World's Most Powerful Retailer | publisher= | year=1998 | id=ISBN 0812963776}}
*{{cite book | author=Peacock, Joe| title=Mentally Incontinent: A Joe The Peacock Book, The Wal-Mart Story | publisher= | year=2005 | id=ISBN 0977418405}}
*{{cite book | author=] | title=] | publisher= Trafford | year=2003 | id=ISBN 155369855X}}
*{{cite book | author=Quinn, Bill | title=How Wal-Mart Is Destroying America and the World: And What You Can Do about It (3rd edition) | publisher= Ten Speed Press | year=2005 | id=ISBN 1580086683}}
*{{cite book | author=Slater, Robert | title=The Wal-Mart Decade: How a New Generation of Leaders Turned Sam Walton's Legacy into the World's #1 Company | publisher= | year=2003 | id=ISBN 1591840066}}
*{{cite book | author=Slater, Robert | title=The Wal-Mart Triumph: Inside the World's #1 Company | publisher= | year=2004 | id=ISBN 1591840430}}
*{{cite book | author=Soderquist, Don | title=The Wal-Mart Way: The Inside Story of the Success of the World's Largest Company | publisher= | year=2005 | id=ISBN 0785261192}}
*{{cite book | author=Spotts, Greg | title=Wal-Mart: The High Cost of Low Price | publisher=Disinformation Company| year=2005 | id=ISBN 1932857249}}
*{{cite book | author=Westerman, Paul | title=Data Warehousing: Using the Wal-Mart Model | publisher= | year=2000 | id=ISBN 155860684X}}


In August 2021, Walmart announced it would open its Spark crowdsource delivery to other businesses as a white-label service, competing with ] and ] delivery companies.<ref name="Spark delivery" />
==External links==
*Official Websites: | | |


In December 2021, Walmart announced it will participate in the Stephens Investment Conference Wednesday, and the Morgan Stanley Virtual Global Consumer & Retail Conference.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Walmart To Participate in Both the Stephens Investment Conference and the Morgan Stanley Virtual Global Consumer & Retail Conference|url=https://corporate.walmart.com/newsroom/2021/11/24/walmart-to-participate-in-both-the-stephens-investment-conference-and-the-morgan-stanley-virtual-global-consumer-retail-conference|access-date=November 28, 2021|website=Corporate – US|language=en-US|archive-date=November 28, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211128071336/https://corporate.walmart.com/newsroom/2021/11/24/walmart-to-participate-in-both-the-stephens-investment-conference-and-the-morgan-stanley-virtual-global-consumer-retail-conference|url-status=live}}</ref> In June 2022, Walmart announced it would be acquiring Memomi, an AR optical tech company.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Walmart is acquiring Memomi, an AR startup powering virtual try-on for eyewear |url=https://techcrunch.com/2022/06/29/walmart-is-acquiring-memomi-an-ar-startup-powering-virtual-try-on-for-eyewear/ |access-date=December 12, 2023 |website=TechCrunch |date=June 29, 2022 |language=en-US |last=Perez |first=Sarah}}</ref>
===Further information sources===
* a collection of articles, studies and websites on Wal-Mart. The articles (and the site) largely are critical of Wal-Mart.
* has a larger, but much less selective collection of articles on Wal-Mart.
* at ]
*'']'', ], 2005, overview of some academic research on Wal-Mart


In August 2022, Walmart announced it would be acquiring Volt Systems, a vendor management and product tracking software company.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Walmart acquires omnichannel tech specialist Volt Systems |url=https://www.retaildive.com/news/walmart-acquires-volt-systems/629083/ |access-date=August 9, 2022 |website=Retail Dive |language=en-US |archive-date=August 9, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220809145743/https://www.retaildive.com/news/walmart-acquires-volt-systems/629083/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Walmart announced it was partnering with ] to offer ] content
===Articles supporting or explaining Wal-Mart===
to its Walmart+ subscribers in a bid to better compete with Amazon.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Walmart Reaches Streaming Deal With Paramount+ |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/walmart-reaches-streaming-deal-with-paramount-11660589853?mod=djemalertNEWS |access-date=August 15, 2022 |website=The Wall Street Journal |date=August 15, 2022 |language=en-US |archive-date=August 15, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220815200353/https://www.wsj.com/articles/walmart-reaches-streaming-deal-with-paramount-11660589853?mod=djemalertNEWS |url-status=live }}</ref>
*, Max Borders, '']'', ], ].
* Including "A Manager's Toolbox to Remaining Union-Free" and the company's "Report on Standards for Suppliers."
* Wal-Mart's future plans to further reduce costs.
* ''China Daily'', ], ].
*, Bruce Bartlett, '']'', ], 2004.
* (pdf), Emek Basker, Dept. of Economics, University of Missouri, 2002.
* a study funded by Wal-Mart, determining the net economic impact of Wal-Mart at the national, city, and county level
* Fortune Magazine, March 8, 2004
* by Paul Jacob, ''The Free Liberal'', December 5, 2005


In August 2022, Walmart announced that locations were not going back to 24 hours with most stores now being open between 6am and 11pm.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |title=Walmart: No plans to make stores 24/7 again |url=https://www.wtvy.com/2022/08/12/walmart-no-plans-make-stores-247-again/ |access-date=September 5, 2022 |website=WSFA 12 News |date=August 12, 2022 |language=en |archive-date=September 5, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220905175620/https://www.wtvy.com/2022/08/12/walmart-no-plans-make-stores-247-again/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
===Articles critical of Wal-Mart===
* ''Seattle Weekly'', December 15 - 21, 2004, Article which contrasts Wal-Mart with employee-friendly ].
* '']'', March 26, 2004 Costco's compensation for its employees with comparison to Wal-Mart
*, '']'', July 17, 2005
*(pdf)
* by Simon Head for '']'', ], ]
*, Fast Company, Issue 77, December 2003, Page 68 Wal-Mart's relentless pressure can crush the companies it does business with and force them to send jobs overseas.
* (Study of Peachcare)
* file, (] ], ]) from the ] Staff of the ] Committee on Education and the Workforce.
*, ''Business Week'', March 13, 2000, Explains union's attempt to unionize Wal-Marts
*, ''Washington Post'', August 27, 2003. Article argues that the decline of Union Industry jobs and the rise of Wal-Mart is destroying America's middle class.
*(pdf), A Report by the Democratic Staff of the Committee on Education and the Workforce U.S. House of Representatives Representative George Miller, Senior Democrat, February 16, 2004
*, '']'', August 3, 2004
*, The Economist, Feb 24th 2005
*, ''CBC News'', November 30, 2005.
*, ''CBC News'', November 30, 2005.
* ''PikeNet'', January 31, 2006.


In January 2023, Walmart announced it would raise its minimum wage for U.S. hourly workers from $12 to $14 an hour. Approximately 340,000 employees are expected to receive a raise, effective in early March 2023, and Walmart's U.S. average wage is expected to be over $17.50. The company also announced it would be adding additional college degrees and certificates to its Live Better U program.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Repko |first=Melissa |title=Walmart raises minimum wage as retail labor market remains tight |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2023/01/24/walmart-raises-minimum-wage-as-retail-labor-market-remains-tight.html |access-date=January 24, 2023 |website=CNBC |date=January 24, 2023 |language=en |archive-date=January 24, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230124164008/https://www.cnbc.com/2023/01/24/walmart-raises-minimum-wage-as-retail-labor-market-remains-tight.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
===Websites critical of Wal-Mart===
*
* from The American Independent Business Alliance.
*. A website by the United Food and Commercial Workers
*
* Though not strictly critical, this wiki is (sometimes, depending upon the current edit) weighted against Wal-Mart.
* Critiques big box development. Not limited to Wal-Mart.
* A feature-length documentary
* A parody website.


In February 2023, Walmart announced that they had made $611.3&nbsp;billion in sales in the previous financial year, up 6.7%, which included a bump in the fourth quarter of the year, which saw $164&nbsp;billion in sales. Profits for the company were also up, almost doubled from the previous year.<ref>{{Cite web |date=February 21, 2023 |title=Walmart beats Q4 expectations during holiday shopping period |url=https://apnews.com/article/business-f130b49a4e23b17697179b13664abbaf |access-date=February 21, 2023 |website=AP NEWS |language=en |archive-date=February 21, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230221140956/https://apnews.com/article/business-f130b49a4e23b17697179b13664abbaf |url-status=live }}</ref>
*
*
* An extensive critique of Asda Walmart


In April 2023, the company announced it would add electric vehicle charging stations at thousands of stores by 2030, which would be on top of the almost 1,300 existing stations that were in operation at 280 company locations at the time of the announcement. '']'' noted that the company stated it had more than 4,700 stores and 600 Sam Club's stores that were located within 10 miles of roughly 90% of Americans.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sheidlower |first=Noah |title=Walmart will add thousands of EV charging stations to stores by 2030 |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2023/04/06/walmart-ev-charging-network-plans.html |access-date=April 6, 2023 |website=CNBC |date=April 6, 2023 |language=en |archive-date=April 6, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230406202639/https://www.cnbc.com/2023/04/06/walmart-ev-charging-network-plans.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
===Websites supporting Wal-Mart===
* - from Mark Valenti's Liberty Page


In January 2024, Walmart announced it would open over 150 stores in the U.S. over the next five years while remodeling 650 existing ones across 47 states and Puerto Rico. This was a reversal for the company, which had been in a period of de-emphasizing new store openings as it focused on online competition, in particular from Amazon, and came amid an overall greater industry focus on traditional retail in the post-pandemic area.<ref>{{Cite web |date=January 31, 2024 |title=Walmart to open or expand more than 150 stores |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/business/corporations/walmart-open-expand-150-stores-rcna136652 |access-date=February 1, 2024 |website=NBC News |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Nassauer |first=Sarah |date=January 31, 2024 |title=Walmart, in a Reversal, to Open New Stores in the U.S. |url=https://www.wsj.com/business/retail/walmart-in-a-reversal-to-open-new-stores-in-the-u-s-ffb78d80 |access-date=February 1, 2024 |website=] |language=en}}</ref>
===Data===
*
*
*
*
*


In February 2024, the company announced that its "Project Gigaton" initiative begun in 2017 to reduce its ] from suppliers by 1 billion ] by 2030 had reached its goal 6 years early, and that 75% of its net sales in fiscal year 2023 were from suppliers participating in the initiative.<ref>{{cite news|last=Richters|first=Kim|date=February 23, 2024|title=Walmart Hits Supply-Chain Emissions Goal—Six Years Early|work=The Wall Street Journal|publisher=News Corp|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/walmart-hits-supply-chain-emissions-goalsix-years-early-8988d78f|access-date=February 23, 2024}}</ref>
===Blogs===
* - a blog run by Bobby Gerry which explores Wal-Mart's financial statements


In 2024, Walmart reported that they were planning to remove the self checkout from some stores due to feedback.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Walmart removes self-checkout from select stores |url=https://www.retaildive.com/news/walmart-removes-self-checkout-stores-experience/714306/ |access-date=2024-05-18 |website=Retail Dive |language=en-US}}</ref>
===Documentaries===
*, a ] special taking a close look at one community's battle over Wal-Mart.
*, a ] documentary on the impact of Wal-Mart in the U.S. and China.
*, a pro-Wal-Mart documentary.


On August 27, 2024, Walmart announced a new service to transport goods from Asia to U.S. and compete more effectively with Amazon.<ref>{{Cite web |date=August 28, 2024 |title=Walmart unveils new marketplace seller services for holiday boost |website=] |url=https://www.reuters.com/business/retail-consumer/walmart-unveils-new-marketplace-seller-services-holiday-boost-2024-08-27/}}</ref>
{{Wal-Mart}}


On November 25, 2024, Walmart announced that it is ending its ] (DEI) programs, in addition to delisting products designed for ] minors such as ].<ref>{{multiref2 |1={{Cite web |last=Reynolds |first=Darren |title=Walmart to roll back its diversity, equity and inclusion policies |url=https://abcnews.go.com/US/walmart-roll-back-diversity-equity-inclusion-policies/story?id=116221884 |access-date=2024-11-26 |website=ABC News |language=en}} | 2={{Cite web |date=2024-11-26 |title=Walmart becomes latest - and biggest - company to roll back its DEI policies |url=https://apnews.com/article/walmart-dei-inclusion-diversity-34b06922e60e5116fe198696201ce4d9 |access-date=2024-11-26 |website=AP News |language=en}}}}</ref>
]

]
====Acquisitions and employee benefits====
]

]
In February 2024, the company announced that managers will be given stock grants of up to $20,000, Walmart also announced a 3–1 stock split that will make it easier for employees to buy company stock. Such stock rewards for rank-and-file employees are rare in the retail industry, which analysts say could generate $20 billion in revenue for the average household in the near future.
The company is also raising the starting base salary for store managers and increasing the bonus plan of up to 200 per cent of their regular salaries.<ref>{{Cite web|language=en|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2024/02/03/what-walmarts-new-focus-on-employee-stock-means-for-american-wealth.html|title=What Walmart's new focus on employee stock means for the labor market and average American household|website=CNBC|date=February 3, 2024 |access-date=February 8, 2024|archive-date=February 6, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240206222534/https://www.cnbc.com/2024/02/03/what-walmarts-new-focus-on-employee-stock-means-for-american-wealth.html}}</ref>

Also in February, Walmart entered into an agreement to acquire ] for $2.3{{nbsp}}billion with the intention to expand its advertising sales in video content that streams for free on Vizio devices.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hayes |first=Dade |date=February 20, 2024 |title=Walmart Acquires Smart TV Firm Vizio For $2.3B, Altering Streaming Ad Landscape |url=https://deadline.com/2024/02/walmart-acquires-smart-tv-firm-vizio-streaming-advertising-1235831495/ |work=Deadline Hollywood |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240220142503/https://deadline.com/2024/02/walmart-acquires-smart-tv-firm-vizio-streaming-advertising-1235831495/ |archive-date=February 20, 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref>

== Operating divisions ==
{{See also|List of assets owned by Walmart}}
[[File:WalMart international locations.svg|thumb|400px|Map of countries with Walmart stores
<br />Legend:
{{legend|#00f|Current market locations}}
{{legend|#ee142a|Former market locations}}
{{legend|#b9b9b9|No current market locations}}]]

As of 2016, Walmart's operations are organized into four divisions: Walmart U.S., Walmart International, ] and Global eCommerce.<ref name="annrep">{{Cite web |title=FORM 10-K: Annual report pursuant to section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 |url=http://d1lge852tjjqow.cloudfront.net/CIK-0000104169/46c5c2e3-666c-4865-b437-eb351ae5dbfe.pdf?noexit=true |publisher=Walmart |date=2016 |access-date=June 2, 2022 |archive-date=April 17, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160417223329/http://d1lge852tjjqow.cloudfront.net/CIK-0000104169/46c5c2e3-666c-4865-b437-eb351ae5dbfe.pdf?noexit=true |url-status=live }}</ref> In the United States, Walmart's stores operate in four formats: discount, Supercenters, Neighborhood Markets, and Sam's Club stores.<ref name="Volpe"/> Walmart International stores include additional formats such as supermarkets, hypermarkets, cash-and-carry stores, home improvement, specialty electronics, restaurants, apparel stores, drugstores, and convenience stores.<ref name="2016 Annual Report Page 19">{{cite web |url = http://s2.q4cdn.com/056532643/files/doc_financials/2016/annual/2016-Annual-Report-PDF.pdf |title = Walmart 2016 Annual Report |website = stock.walmart.com |publisher = Walmart |page = 19 |type = ] |access-date = May 9, 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160602123325/http://s2.q4cdn.com/056532643/files/doc_financials/2016/annual/2016-Annual-Report-PDF.pdf |archive-date = June 2, 2016}}</ref>

=== Walmart U.S. ===
<gallery>
File:Walmart in Fajardo, Puerto Rico.jpg|Walmart in ]
</gallery><!-- Courtesy note per ]: ] redirects here. -->
'''Walmart U.S.''' is the company's largest division, accounting for {{US$|331.666&nbsp;billion}}, or 65 percent of total sales, for fiscal 2019.<ref name="xbrlus_1"/><ref name="2016 Annual Report Page 20">{{cite web |url = http://s2.q4cdn.com/056532643/files/doc_financials/2016/annual/2016-Annual-Report-PDF.pdf |title = Walmart 2016 Annual Report |website = stock.walmart.com |publisher = Walmart |page = 20 |type = PDF |access-date = May 9, 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160602123325/http://s2.q4cdn.com/056532643/files/doc_financials/2016/annual/2016-Annual-Report-PDF.pdf |archive-date = June 2, 2016}}</ref> It consists of three retail formats that have become commonplace in the United States: ], ], ], and other small formats. The discount stores sell a variety of mostly non-grocery products, though emphasis has now shifted towards supercenters, which include more groceries. {{As of|2022|10|31|df=US|post=,}} there are a total of 4,720 Walmart U.S. stores.<ref name="Unit Counts & Square Footage"/><ref name="Unit Counts by Country"/> In the United States, 90 percent of the population resides within 10 miles of a Walmart store.<ref>{{cite news |last=Lewis |first=Robin |url=https://www.therobinreport.com/walmarts-last-ten-miles-quicker-and-cheaper-than-amazon/ |title=Walmart's "Last Ten Miles" – Quicker and Cheaper Than Amazon |work=The Robin Report |date=February 21, 2018 |access-date=September 13, 2018 |archive-date=June 17, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200617125027/https://www.therobinreport.com/walmarts-last-ten-miles-quicker-and-cheaper-than-amazon/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The total number of Walmart U.S. stores and Sam's Clubs combined is 5,320.<ref name="Unit Counts & Square Footage"/><ref name="Unit Counts by Country"/> The president and CEO of Walmart U.S. is John Furner.<ref>{{cite web |title=John Furner, President and CEO, Walmart U.S. |url=https://corporate.walmart.com/leadership/john-furner/ |website=Walmart - Corporate - US |access-date=October 13, 2022 |archive-date=October 13, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221013152614/https://corporate.walmart.com/leadership/john-furner/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="leadership">{{cite web |title=Leadership |url=https://corporate.walmart.com/about/leadership |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240402035528/https://corporate.walmart.com/about/leadership |archive-date=April 2, 2024 |access-date=April 9, 2024 |website=Walmart - Corporate - US}}</ref>

==== Walmart Supercenter ====
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] (Store #2022)]]
'''Walmart Supercenters''', branded simply as "Walmart", are ]s with sizes varying from {{convert|69000|to|260000|sqft|abbr=off|sp=us}}, but averaging about {{convert|178000|sqft|abbr=off|sp=us}}.<ref name="2022 10-K"/> These stock general merchandise and a full-service supermarket, including meat and poultry, ], ], ]s, dairy products, garden ], and fresh seafood. Many Walmart Supercenters also have a ], ], ], Tire & ] Express, optical center, ], portrait studio, and numerous alcove shops, such as cellular phone stores, hair and nail salons, video rental stores, local bank branches (such as ] branches in newer locations), and fast food outlets.

Many Walmart Supercenters currently feature ] or ] restaurants. In some Canadian locations, ] were opened. Recently, in several Supercenters, like the ] and the ] locations, Walmart added ] to their locations, and the location in ], due to its past as a hypermarket called Leedmark, boasts an ] and an Italian restaurant. Some Walmart locations in Canada have Axess Law locations, ], Burger King and McDonald's, and ] locations in the Atlantic region. Some U.S. locations have ], ], ], ], and small arcades called GamePlay. Very few U.S. locations have ], ], ], ], ], and ].

Some locations also have fuel stations which sell gasoline distributed by ] (which spun off from ] in 2013), ] ("Optima"), the ] ("Mirastar"), USA Gasoline, and even now Walmart-branded gas stations.<ref name="CSNews_WMGas"/>

The first Supercenter opened in Washington, Missouri, in 1988. A similar concept, ], had opened a year earlier in ]. All Hypermart USA stores were later closed or converted into Supercenters.

{{As of|2022|10|31|df=US|post=,}} there were 3,572 Walmart Supercenters in 49 of the 50 U.S. states, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico.<ref name="Unit Counts & Square Footage"/><ref name="Unit Counts by Country"/> Hawaii is the only state to not have a Supercenter location. The largest Supercenter in the world, covering {{convert|260000|sqft|abbr=off|sp=us}} on two floors, is located in ] in ].<ref>{{cite news |url = http://www.albany.com/news/walmart.cfm |title = Largest Walmart Supercenter In US Finds Home In Albany NY |publisher = Albany.com |access-date = December 23, 2008 |url-status=live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20081012220544/http://www.albany.com/news/walmart.cfm |archive-date = October 12, 2008}}</ref>

A typical supercenter sells approximately 120,000 items, compared to the 35&nbsp;million products sold in Walmart's online store.<ref>{{cite news |last = Boyle |first = Matthew |url = https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2017-04-12/wal-mart-to-discount-1-million-online-items-picked-up-in-stores |title = Wal-Mart to Discount One Million Online Items Picked Up in Stores |work = ] |date = April 12, 2017 |access-date = April 12, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170412042938/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2017-04-12/wal-mart-to-discount-1-million-online-items-picked-up-in-stores |archive-date = April 12, 2017}}</ref>

The "Supercenter" name has since been phased out, with these stores now simply referred to as "Walmart", since the company introduced the new Walmart logo in 2008. However, the branding is still used in Walmart's Canadian stores (spelled as "Supercentre" in Canadian English).<ref>{{cite web |url = http://walmartcanada.ca/Pages/History/168/170/170 |title = Walmart Canada – Corporate Information |publisher = Walmartcanada.ca |access-date = April 24, 2015 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20141204021716/http://walmartcanada.ca/Pages/History/168/170/170 |archive-date = December 4, 2014 }}</ref>

==== Walmart Discount Store ====
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] (Store #1821)|alt=The exterior of a Walmart Discount Store in Charlotte, North Carolina]]
'''Walmart Discount Stores''', also branded as simply "Walmart", are discount department stores with sizes varying from {{convert|30000|to|221000|sqft|abbr=off|sp=us}}, with the average store covering {{convert|105000|sqft|abbr=off|sp=us}}.<ref name="2022 10-K"/> They carry ] and limited ]. Some newer and remodeled discount stores have an expanded grocery department, similar to Target's PFresh department. Many of these stores also feature a garden center, pharmacy, Tire & Lube Express, optical center, one-hour photo processing lab, portrait studio, a bank branch, a cell phone store, and a fast food outlet. Some also have gasoline stations.<ref name="CSNews_WMGas">{{cite news |url = https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2012-08-29/Walmart-to-offer-customers-discount-gas-as-prices-rise.html |title = Walmart to Offer Customers Discount Gas As Prices Rise |publisher = ] |date = August 29, 2012 |access-date = December 7, 2012 |author = Welch, David |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120907230614/http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2012-08-29/wal-mart-to-offer-customers-discount-gas-as-prices-rise.html |url-status=live |archive-date = September 7, 2012 }}</ref> Discount Stores were Walmart's original concept, though they have since been surpassed by Supercenters.<ref name="Volpe"/>

In 1990, Walmart opened its first Bud's Discount City location in Bentonville. Bud's operated as a closeout store, much like ]. Many locations were opened to fulfill leases in shopping centers as Walmart stores left and moved into newly built Supercenters. All of the Bud's Discount City stores had closed or converted into Walmart Discount Stores by 1997.<ref name="DSN Retailing Today 97">{{cite news |title = Wal-Mart shuttering 7-year old Bud's chain |url = http://www.nexis.com/docview/getDocForCuiReq?lni=5J0R-BSJ1-DYBW-21K0&csi=8399&oc=00240&perma=true |newspaper = DSN Retailing Today |date = August 4, 1997 |access-date = February 28, 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160307161925/http://www.nexis.com/docview/getDocForCuiReq?lni=5J0R-BSJ1-DYBW-21K0&csi=8399&oc=00240&perma=true |archive-date = March 7, 2016}}</ref>

At its peak in 1996, there were 1,995 Walmart Discount Stores;<ref>{{Cite web|title=Wal-mart Stores, Inc. Form 10-k Annual Report for the Year Ended January 31, 1996 |website=U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission |url=https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/104169/0000104169-96-000002.txt|access-date=June 26, 2019|archive-date=November 12, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112025842/https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/104169/0000104169-96-000002.txt|url-status=live}}</ref> as of October 31, 2022, that number was dropped to 365.<ref name="Unit Counts & Square Footage"/><ref name="Unit Counts by Country"/>

==== Walmart Neighborhood Market ====
] (Store #6732)]]
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'''Walmart Neighborhood Market''', sometimes branded as "Neighborhood Market by Walmart" or informally known as "Neighborhood Walmart",<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 18, 2023 |title=What Is Walmart Neighborhood Market? (All Questions Answered) |website= U.S. Retail |url=https://theusretail.com/walmart-neighborhood-market/ |access-date=June 14, 2023 |language=en-US |archive-date=June 19, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230619061730/https://theusretail.com/walmart-neighborhood-market/ |url-status=live }}</ref> is Walmart's chain of supermarkets ranging from {{convert|28000|to|65000|sqft|abbr=off|sp=us}} and averaging about {{convert|42000|sqft|abbr=off|sp=us}}, about a fifth of the size of a Walmart Supercenter.<ref name="2022 10-K"/><ref name="Peterson October 15">{{cite news |title = What it's like to shop at Walmart's store of the future, which is becoming a threat to Whole Foods and Trader Joe's |last1 = Peterson |first1 = Hayley |url = http://www.businessinsider.com/walmarts-store-of-the-future-photos-2015-10 |newspaper = ] |date = October 27, 2015 |access-date = March 16, 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160326155516/http://www.businessinsider.com/walmarts-store-of-the-future-photos-2015-10 |archive-date = March 26, 2016}}</ref> The first Walmart Neighborhood Market opened ten years after the first Supercenter opened, but Walmart did not focus on the smaller grocery store format until the 2010s.<ref name="Loeb 14">{{cite news |title = Why Walmart suddenly thinks smaller is better |last1 = Loeb |first1 = Walter |url = https://www.forbes.com/sites/walterloeb/2014/06/16/why-walmart-suddenly-thinks-smaller-is-better/ |magazine = ] |date = June 16, 2014 |access-date = March 16, 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150923092938/http://www.forbes.com/sites/walterloeb/2014/06/16/why-walmart-suddenly-thinks-smaller-is-better/ |archive-date = September 23, 2015}}</ref>

The stores focus on three of Walmart's major sales categories: groceries, which account for about 55 percent of the company's revenue,<ref name="Fox 13">{{cite news |title = Wal-Mart: The $200 billion grocer |last1 = Fox |first1 = Emily Jane |url = https://money.cnn.com/2013/01/31/news/companies/walmart-grocery/ |newspaper = ] |date = January 31, 2013 |access-date = March 16, 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170113214317/http://money.cnn.com/2013/01/31/news/companies/walmart-grocery |archive-date = January 13, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Wahba|first=Phil|date=February 1, 2018|title=Retailers' Secret Weapon Is ... Food?|url=<!--from print edition-->|journal=Fortune|pages=15|issn=0015-8259|quote=...U.S. grocery business that makes up 56% of its revenue....}}</ref> pharmacy, and, at some stores, fuel.<ref name="Peterson July 15">{{cite news |title = What it's like inside Wal-Mart's new marketplace that's a threat to Whole Foods and Trader Joe's |last1 = Peterson |first1 = Hayley |url = http://www.businessinsider.com/inside-walmarts-neighborhood-markets-2015-7 |newspaper = Business Insider |date = July 4, 2015 |access-date = March 16, 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160304081213/http://www.businessinsider.com/inside-walmarts-neighborhood-markets-2015-7 |archive-date = March 4, 2016}}</ref> For groceries and consumables, the stores sell fresh produce, deli and bakery items, prepared foods, meat, dairy, organic, general grocery and frozen foods, in addition to cleaning products and pet supplies.<ref name="Peterson October 15"/><ref name="Mossman 12">{{cite news |title = Walmart unveils five new Neighborhood Markets in Denver area |last1 = Mossman |first1 = John |url = http://www.denverpost.com/ci_20894819/walmart-unveils-five-new-neighborhood-markets-denver-area |newspaper = ] |date = June 20, 2012 |access-date = March 16, 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150702014738/http://www.denverpost.com/ci_20894819/walmart-unveils-five-new-neighborhood-markets-denver-area |archive-date = July 2, 2015}}</ref> Some stores offer wine and beer sales<ref name="Peterson October 15"/> and drive-through pharmacies. Some stores, such as one at Midtown Center in ], offer made-to-order pizza with a seating area for eating.<ref name="Gute 15">{{cite news |last1=Gute |first1=Melissa |date=November 12, 2015 |title=Neighborhood Market opens in Midtown Center |newspaper=] |url=http://www.nexis.com/docview/getDocForCuiReq?lni=5HC4-34K1-DY70-0096&csi=8399&oc=00240&perma=true |url-status=live |access-date=March 16, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170905004036/http://www.nexis.com/docview/getDocForCuiReq?lni=5HC4-34K1-DY70-0096&csi=8399&oc=00240&perma=true |archive-date=September 5, 2017 |quote=While most Neighborhood Markets have a drink bar and a few have a ] program, this market also has a seating area where people can eat lunch, Kirk said. It's an amenity included because of location. The pizza program allows customers to either select pre-made pizzas or build their own and have them oven-baked there in 5 minutes. The market has 31,000 square feet and includes a deli and bakery. It offers fresh produce, meat and other groceries, according to a news release. It also includes a pharmacy with a drive-thru window.}}</ref> Customers can also use Walmart's site-to-store operation and pick up online orders at Walmart Neighborhood Market stores just like the Supercenters and Discount Stores<ref name="Stark 12">{{cite news |title = Walmart Neighborhood Market, first on West Coast, opens Friday in West Linn |last1 = Stark |first1 = Rachel |url = http://www.oregonlive.com/west-linn/index.ssf/2012/05/walmart_neighborhood_market_fi.html |newspaper = ] |date = May 21, 2012 |access-date = March 16, 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20151123230536/http://www.oregonlive.com/west-linn/index.ssf/2012/05/walmart_neighborhood_market_fi.html |archive-date = November 23, 2015}}</ref>

Products at Walmart Neighborhood Market stores have the same prices as those at Walmart's larger supercenters. A ] analyst said the wider company's pricing structure gives the chain of grocery stores a "competitive advantage" over competitors ], ] and ].<ref name="Peterson July 15"/>

Neighborhood Market stores expanded slowly at first as a way to fill gaps between Walmart Supercenters and Discount Stores in existing markets. In its first 12 years, the company opened about 180 Walmart Neighborhood Markets. By 2010, Walmart said it was ready to accelerate its expansion plans for the grocery stores.<ref name="Birchall 10">{{cite news |last1=Birchall |first1=Jonathan |date=October 14, 2010 |title=Walmart takes smaller format path to growth |newspaper=] |url=http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/a7757fe6-d737-11df-9cd5-00144feabdc0.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221210/http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/a7757fe6-d737-11df-9cd5-00144feabdc0.html |archive-date=December 10, 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |access-date=March 16, 2016 |quote=With about 180 stores, the retailer has focused on using them to fill in between Supercenters in areas such as ], ] and ], rather than to develop new markets.}}</ref> {{As of|2022|10|31|df=US|post=,}} there were 682 Walmart Neighborhood Markets,<ref name="Unit Counts & Square Footage"/><ref name="Unit Counts by Country"/> each employing between 90 and 95 full-time and part-time workers.<ref name="Darrow 15">{{cite news |title = Walmart to build Neighborhood Market |last1 = Darrow |first1 = Dennis |url = http://www.chieftain.com/news/top/3896796-120/walmart-neighborhood-pueblo-store |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150920083814/http://www.chieftain.com/news/top/3896796-120/walmart-neighborhood-pueblo-store |url-status=dead |archive-date = September 20, 2015 |newspaper = ] |date = August 31, 2015 |access-date = March 16, 2016 }}</ref> The total number of Neighborhood Markets and other small formats combined is 783.

==== Former stores and concepts ====
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] in September 2015 (Store #4229). This location closed in 2016 as part of a plan to close 269 stores globally.|alt=]]

Walmart opened '''Supermercado de Walmart''' locations to appeal to ] communities in the United States.<ref>{{cite news |url = https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSTRE5676N820090708 |title = Walmart woos Hispanics with new Supermercado |work = Reuters |access-date = December 20, 2009 |date = July 8, 2009 |url-status=live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100118093414/http://www.reuters.com/article/idUSTRE5676N820090708 |archive-date = January 18, 2010}}</ref> The first one, a {{convert|39000|sqft|sqm|abbr=off|adj=on|sp=us}} store in the ] area of ], opened on April 29, 2009.<ref name="HoustonChron">{{cite news |last = Moreno |first = Jenalia |title = Walmart gives Supermercado concept a local tryout |url = https://www.chron.com/business/article/Wal-Mart-gives-Supermercado-concept-a-local-tryout-1724512.php |access-date = January 19, 2014 |newspaper = Houston Chronicle |date = April 30, 2009 |url-status=live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20131215100003/http://www.chron.com/business/article/Wal-Mart-gives-Supermercado-concept-a-local-tryout-1724512.php |archive-date = December 15, 2013}}</ref> The store was a conversion of an existing Walmart Neighborhood Market.<ref>{{cite news |author = Wollam, Allison |url = http://www.bizjournals.com/houston/stories/2009/03/23/story1.html |title = Walmart chooses Houston as test market for Supermercado de Walmart |work = ] |date = March 20, 2009 |access-date = June 28, 2010 |url-status=live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101101063338/http://www.bizjournals.com/houston/stories/2009/03/23/story1.html |archive-date = November 1, 2010}}</ref> In 2009, another Supermercado de Walmart opened in ].<ref>{{cite web |author = Burwell, Sloane |url = http://blogs.phoenixnewtimes.com/bella/2009/06/viva_el_mercado_supermercado_d.php |title = Viva El Mercado Supermercado De Walmart |work = ] |date = June 17, 2009 |access-date = February 1, 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110604093916/http://blogs.phoenixnewtimes.com/bella/2009/06/viva_el_mercado_supermercado_d.php |archive-date = June 4, 2011}}</ref> Both locations closed in 2014.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://swamplot.com/supermercado-de-walmart-americas-first-and-last-latino-themed-walmart-grocery-store-has-closed-down-for-good/2014-11-06/ |title = Supermercado de Walmart, America's First and Last Latino-Themed Walmart Grocery Store, Has Closed Down for Good |work = Swamplot |date = January 21, 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160129043403/http://swamplot.com/supermercado-de-walmart-americas-first-and-last-latino-themed-walmart-grocery-store-has-closed-down-for-good/2014-11-06/ |archive-date = January 29, 2016}}</ref> In 2009, Walmart opened "]", a warehouse retail operation patterned after ]. Its lone store also closed in 2014.<ref name="HoustonChron"/>

'''Walmart Express''' was a chain of smaller discount stores with a range of services from groceries to check cashing and gasoline service. The concept was focused on small towns deemed unable to support a larger store and large cities where space was at a premium. Walmart planned to build 15 to 20 Walmart Express stores, focusing on Arkansas, North Carolina, and Chicago, by the end of its fiscal year in January 2012. {{As of|2014|September|df=US|post=,}} Walmart re-branded all 22<ref>{{Cite web|title=fy15-q3-unit-counts-for-website-disclosure|url=https://s2.q4cdn.com/056532643/files/doc_downloads/Historical%20Unit%20Count/fy15-q3-unit-counts-for-website-disclosure.pdf|access-date=November 21, 2021|archive-date=January 20, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220120004735/https://s2.q4cdn.com/056532643/files/doc_downloads/Historical%20Unit%20Count/fy15-q3-unit-counts-for-website-disclosure.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> of its Express format stores to Neighborhood Markets in an effort to streamline its retail offer. It continued to open new Express stores under the Neighborhood Market name. {{As of|2022|10|31|df=US|post=,}} there were 101 small-format stores in the United States. These include 92 other small formats, 8 convenience stores and 1 pickup location.<ref name="Unit Counts & Square Footage"/><ref name="Unit Counts by Country"/> On January 15, 2016, Walmart announced that it would be closing 269 stores globally, including the 102 Neighborhood Markets that were formerly or originally planned to be Express stores.<ref>{{cite web |url = https://www.wsj.com/articles/wal-mart-to-close-269-stores-globally-1452868122?mod=e2fb |title = Wal-Mart Makes Rare Retreat on Home Turf |author = Sarah Nassauer and Kate Davidson |date = January 16, 2016 |work = The Wall Street Journal |access-date = February 17, 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160126044434/http://www.wsj.com/articles/wal-mart-to-close-269-stores-globally-1452868122?mod=e2fb |archive-date = January 26, 2016}}</ref>

Between 2002 and 2022, Walmart owned the Amigo supermarkets chain in Puerto Rico. In 2022, Walmart announced that it would sell its Amigo stores to Pueblo Inc. and focus on modernizing its 18 Supercenter and Division 1 formats and seven Sam's Clubs stores.<ref name="Ramírez-Santos">{{cite news |last1=Ramírez-Santos |first1=Hernando |title=Walmart Puerto Rico to Sell its 11 Amigo Stores to Supermercados Pueblo |url=https://abasto.com/en/news/walmart-puerto-rico-to-sell-its-11-amigo-stores-to-supermercados-pueblo/ |access-date=October 13, 2022 |work=Abasto |date=July 5, 2022 |archive-date=October 13, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221013153605/https://abasto.com/en/news/walmart-puerto-rico-to-sell-its-11-amigo-stores-to-supermercados-pueblo/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

==== Initiatives ====
In September 2006, Walmart announced a pilot program to sell ]s at $4&nbsp;per prescription. The program was launched at stores in the ], area, and by January 2007 had been expanded to all stores in Florida. While the average price of generics is&nbsp;$29 per prescription, compared to&nbsp;$102 for name-brand drugs, Walmart maintains that it is not selling at a loss, or providing them as an act of charity—instead, they are using the same mechanisms of mass distribution that it uses to bring lower prices to other products.<ref>{{cite news |url = https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=6119292 |title = Walmart to Sell Generic Drugs for $4 |last = Silberner |first = Joanne |date = September 21, 2006 |publisher = ] (]) |access-date = March 10, 2009 |url-status=live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100127064901/http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=6119292 |archive-date = January 27, 2010}}</ref> Many of Walmart's low cost generics are imported from India, where they are made by drug makers that include ] and ].<ref>{{cite news |url = http://www.business-standard.com/india/storypage.php?autono=326184 |title = Pharma firms boost Walmart revenues |newspaper = ] |date = June 16, 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130117025420/http://www.business-standard.com/india/storypage.php?autono=326184 |archive-date = January 17, 2013 }}</ref>

On February 6, 2007, the company launched a "beta" version of a movie download service, which sold about 3,000 films and television episodes from all major studios and television networks.<ref name="Morphy">{{cite news |last1=Morphy |first1=Erika |title=Wal-Mart Launches Online Movie Download Store |url=https://www.ecommercetimes.com/story/wal-mart-launches-online-movie-download-store-55603.html |access-date=October 12, 2022 |work=E-Commerce Times |date=February 6, 2007 |archive-date=October 2, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221002192018/https://www.ecommercetimes.com/story/wal-mart-launches-online-movie-download-store-55603.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The service was discontinued on December 21, 2007, due to low sales.<ref name="moviedownloaddiscontinued">{{cite news |first1 = Matt |last1 = Richtel |first2 = Brad |last2 = Stone |url = https://www.nytimes.com/2008/01/01/technology/01iht-walmart.1.8968826.html |title = Walmart's movie download service passes into ignominy |work = The New York Times |date = January 1, 2008 |access-date = January 2, 2008 |url-status=live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150904032106/http://www.nytimes.com/2008/01/01/technology/01iht-walmart.1.8968826.html |archive-date = September 4, 2015}}</ref>

In 2008, Walmart started a pilot program in the small grocery store concept called Marketside in the metropolitan ] area. The four stores closed in 2011.<ref name="Jarman_Max">{{cite news |last = Jarman |first = Max |title = Walmart closes its 4 Marketside stores in the Phoenix area. |url = https://www.azcentral.com/arizonarepublic/business/articles/2011/10/16/20111016biz-walmart1016.html |access-date = July 22, 2012 |newspaper = ] |date = October 16, 2011 |archive-date = January 20, 2012 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120120123927/http://www.azcentral.com/arizonarepublic/business/articles/2011/10/16/20111016biz-walmart1016.html |url-status = dead }}</ref>

]
In 2015, Walmart began testing a free grocery pickup service, allowing customers to select products online and choose their pickup time. At the store, a Walmart employee loads the groceries into the customer's car. {{As of|2017|December|17|df=US|post=,}} the service is available in 39 U.S. states.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://grocery.walmart.com/locations/index.html|title=Online Grocery Shopping {{!}} Free Pickup {{!}} Walmart Grocery|website=grocery.walmart.com|access-date=December 17, 2017|archive-date=December 24, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171224101214/https://grocery.walmart.com/locations/index.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

In May 2016, Walmart announced a change to ShippingPass, its three-day shipping service, and that it will move from a three-day delivery to two-day delivery to remain competitive with Amazon.<ref>Sarah Perez, TechCrunch. " {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170525041834/https://techcrunch.com/2016/05/12/walmart-begins-testing-2-day-shipping-service-to-take-on-amazon-prime/ |date=May 25, 2017 }}." May 12, 2016. May 13, 2016.</ref> Walmart priced it at 49 dollars per year, compared to Amazon Prime's 99-dollar-per-year price.<ref>{{cite news |url = https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/business/wp/2016/06/29/walmart-amps-up-campaign-to-take-on-amazon-prime/ |title = Walmart amps up campaign to take on Amazon Prime |newspaper = ] |first = Sarah |last = Halzack |date = June 29, 2016 |access-date = October 6, 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20161011192121/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/business/wp/2016/06/29/walmart-amps-up-campaign-to-take-on-amazon-prime/ |archive-date = October 11, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url = https://www.yahoo.com/tech/amazon-prime-day-deals-not-160751363.html |title = Walmart Competes with Amazon.com |last = Chang |first = Lulu |date = July 11, 2016 |access-date = July 11, 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160709211447/https://www.yahoo.com/tech/amazon-prime-day-deals-not-160751363.html |archive-date = July 9, 2016}}</ref>

In June 2016, Walmart and Sam's Club announced that they would begin testing a last-mile grocery delivery that used services including ], ], and ], to bring customers' orders to their homes. Walmart customers would be able to shop using the company's online grocery service at grocery.walmart.com, then request delivery at checkout for a small fee. The first tests were planned to go live in Denver and Phoenix.<ref>Sarah Perez, TechCrunch. " {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170525042145/https://techcrunch.com/2016/06/02/walmart-will-test-last-mile-grocery-delivery-via-uber-lyft-and-deliv/ |date=May 25, 2017 }}." June 2, 2016. June 3, 2016.</ref> Walmart announced on March 14, 2018, that it would expand online delivery to 100 metropolitan regions in the United States, the equivalent of 40 percent of households, by the end of the year of 2018.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/03/14/business/dealbook/walmart-online-delivery-groceries.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180314154238/https://www.nytimes.com/2018/03/14/business/dealbook/walmart-online-delivery-groceries.html |archive-date=March 14, 2018 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|title=Walmart Expands Online Grocery Delivery to 100 Cities|last1=Hsu|first1=Tiffany|date=March 14, 2018|work=The New York Times|access-date=April 3, 2018|last2=Wingfield|first2=Nick|issn=0362-4331}}</ref>

Walmart's Winemakers Selection ] wine was introduced in June 2018 in about 1,100 stores. The wine, from domestic and international sources, was described by ''Washington Post'' food and wine columnist Dave McIntyre as notably good for the inexpensive ($11 to $16 per bottle) price level.<ref name="wp92818">{{cite news |first1=Dave |last1=McIntyre |title=Walmart's new line of wines is just the juice that bargain-hunting Americans need |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/food/walmarts-new-line-of-wines-is-just-the-juice-that-bargain-hunting-americans-need/2018/09/28/ee376a82-c281-11e8-b338-a3289f6cb742_story.html |access-date=September 30, 2018 |newspaper=] |date=September 28, 2018 |archive-date=November 25, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201125114828/https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/food/walmarts-new-line-of-wines-is-just-the-juice-that-bargain-hunting-americans-need/2018/09/28/ee376a82-c281-11e8-b338-a3289f6cb742_story.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

In October 2019, Walmart announced that customers in 2,000 locations in 29 states can use the grocery pickup service for their adult beverage purchases. Walmart will also deliver adult beverages from nearly 200 stores across California and Florida.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.supermarketnews.com/online-retail/walmart-grocery-pickup-now-offers-adult-beverages-2000-stores|title=Walmart Grocery Pickup now offers adult beverages at 2,000 stores|date=October 30, 2019|website=Supermarket News|access-date=October 31, 2019|archive-date=October 31, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191031193306/https://www.supermarketnews.com/online-retail/walmart-grocery-pickup-now-offers-adult-beverages-2000-stores|url-status=live}}</ref>

In February 2020, Walmart announced a new membership program called, "Walmart +". The news came shortly after Walmart announced the discontinuation of its personal shopping service, Jetblack.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.marketwatch.com/story/walmart-creating-a-membership-program-called-walmart-2020-02-27|title=Walmart creating a membership program called Walmart+|last=Garcia|first=Tonya|website=MarketWatch|access-date=February 28, 2020|archive-date=November 27, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201127211346/https://www.marketwatch.com/story/walmart-creating-a-membership-program-called-walmart-2020-02-27|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.vox.com/recode/2020/2/27/21154357/walmart-plus-walmart-grocery-delivery-unlimited-membership-amazon-prime|title=Walmart is quietly working on an Amazon Prime competitor called Walmart+|last=Rey|first=Jason Del|date=February 27, 2020|website=Vox|access-date=February 28, 2020|archive-date=November 26, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201126075452/https://www.vox.com/recode/2020/2/27/21154357/walmart-plus-walmart-grocery-delivery-unlimited-membership-amazon-prime|url-status=live}}</ref>

====Numbers of stores by state====
Locations as of October 1, 2022
{| {{Table|sort}}
! State !! Supercenters !! Discount<br />Stores !! Neighborhood<br />Markets !! Amigos !! Sam's<br />Clubs !! Other<br />Pharmacy<br />Formats !! Total<br />stores
|-
| ]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Walmart in Alabama |url=https://corporate.walmart.com/about/alabama |access-date=November 16, 2022 |website=Corporate - US |language=en-US |archive-date=May 23, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220523200225/https://corporate.walmart.com/about/alabama |url-status=dead }}</ref>
| 101
| 1
| 28
|
| 13
| 1
| 144
|-
| ]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Walmart in Alaska |url=https://corporate.walmart.com/about/alaska |access-date=November 16, 2022 |website=Corporate - US |language=en-US |archive-date=May 23, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220523200246/https://corporate.walmart.com/about/alaska |url-status=dead }}</ref>
| 7
| 2
|
|
|
|
| 9
|-
| ]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Walmart in Arizona |url=https://corporate.walmart.com/about/arizona |access-date=November 16, 2022 |website=Corporate - US |language=en-US |archive-date=May 23, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220523200204/https://corporate.walmart.com/about/arizona |url-status=dead }}</ref>
| 84
| 2
| 26
|
| 12
|
| 124
|-
| ]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Walmart in Arkansas |url=https://corporate.walmart.com/about/arkansas |access-date=November 16, 2022 |website=Corporate - US |language=en-US |archive-date=May 23, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220523200202/https://corporate.walmart.com/about/arkansas |url-status=dead }}</ref>
| 76
| 5
| 33
|
| 11
| 8
| 133
|-
| ]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Walmart in California |url=https://corporate.walmart.com/about/california |access-date=November 16, 2022 |website=Corporate - US |language=en-US |archive-date=May 23, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220523200224/https://corporate.walmart.com/about/california |url-status=dead }}</ref>
| 144
| 68
| 66
|
| 30
| 1
| 309
|-
| ]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Walmart in Colorado |url=https://corporate.walmart.com/about/colorado |access-date=November 16, 2022 |website=Corporate - US |language=en-US |archive-date=May 23, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220523200211/https://corporate.walmart.com/about/colorado |url-status=dead }}</ref>
| 70
| 4
| 14
|
| 17
|
| 105
|-
| ]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Walmart in Connecticut |url=https://corporate.walmart.com/about/connecticut |access-date=November 16, 2022 |website=Corporate - US |language=en-US |archive-date=May 23, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220523200228/https://corporate.walmart.com/about/connecticut |url-status=dead }}</ref>
| 12
| 21
|
|
| 1
|
| 34
|-
| ]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Walmart in Delaware |url=https://corporate.walmart.com/about/delaware |access-date=November 16, 2022 |website=Corporate - US |language=en-US |archive-date=May 23, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220523200223/https://corporate.walmart.com/about/delaware |url-status=dead }}</ref>
| 6
| 3
|
|
| 1
|
| 10
|-
| ]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Walmart in the District of Columbia |url=https://corporate.walmart.com/about/district-of-columbia |access-date=November 16, 2022 |website=Corporate - US |language=en-US |archive-date=May 23, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220523200244/https://corporate.walmart.com/about/district-of-columbia |url-status=dead }}</ref>
| 3
|
|
|
|
|
| 3
|-
| ]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Walmart in Florida |url=https://corporate.walmart.com/about/florida |access-date=November 16, 2022 |website=Corporate - US |language=en-US |archive-date=May 23, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220523200223/https://corporate.walmart.com/about/florida |url-status=dead }}</ref>
| 232
| 9
| 98
|
| 46
| 2
| 387
|-
| ]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Walmart in Georgia |url=https://corporate.walmart.com/about/georgia |access-date=November 16, 2022 |website=Corporate - US |language=en-US |archive-date=May 23, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220523200237/https://corporate.walmart.com/about/georgia |url-status=dead }}</ref>
| 154
| 2
| 31
|
| 24
| 4
| 215
|-
| ]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Walmart in Hawaii |url=https://corporate.walmart.com/about/hawaii |access-date=November 16, 2022 |website=Corporate - US |language=en-US |archive-date=May 23, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220523200229/https://corporate.walmart.com/about/hawaii |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|
| 10
|
|
| 2
|
| 12
|-
| ]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Walmart in Idaho |url=https://corporate.walmart.com/about/idaho |access-date=November 16, 2022 |website=Corporate - US |language=en-US |archive-date=May 23, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220523200243/https://corporate.walmart.com/about/idaho |url-status=dead }}</ref>
| 23
|
| 3
|
| 1
|
| 27
|-
| ]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Walmart in Illinois |url=https://corporate.walmart.com/about/illinois |access-date=November 16, 2022 |website=Corporate - US |language=en-US |archive-date=May 23, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220523200249/https://corporate.walmart.com/about/illinois |url-status=dead }}</ref>
| 139
| 15
| 5
|
| 25
|
| 184
|-
| ]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Walmart in Indiana |url=https://corporate.walmart.com/about/indiana |access-date=November 16, 2022 |website=Corporate - US |language=en-US |archive-date=May 23, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220523200215/https://corporate.walmart.com/about/indiana |url-status=dead }}</ref>
| 97
| 6
| 9
|
| 13
| 2
| 127
|-
| ]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Walmart in Iowa |url=https://corporate.walmart.com/about/iowa |access-date=November 16, 2022 |website=Corporate - US |language=en-US |archive-date=May 23, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220523200231/https://corporate.walmart.com/about/iowa |url-status=dead }}</ref>
| 58
| 2
|
|
| 9
|
| 69
|-
| ]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Walmart in Kansas |url=https://corporate.walmart.com/about/kansas |access-date=November 16, 2022 |website=Corporate - US |language=en-US |archive-date=May 23, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220523200248/https://corporate.walmart.com/about/kansas |url-status=dead }}</ref>
| 58
| 2
| 14
|
| 9
|
| 83
|-
| ]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Walmart in Kentucky |url=https://corporate.walmart.com/about/kentucky |access-date=November 16, 2022 |website=Corporate - US |language=en-US |archive-date=May 23, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220523200251/https://corporate.walmart.com/about/kentucky |url-status=dead }}</ref>
| 77
| 7
| 7
|
| 9
| 1
| 101
|-
| ]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Walmart in Louisiana |url=https://corporate.walmart.com/about/louisiana |access-date=November 16, 2022 |website=Corporate - US |language=en-US |archive-date=May 23, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220523200239/https://corporate.walmart.com/about/louisiana |url-status=dead }}</ref>
| 88
| 2
| 33
|
| 14
| 1
| 138
|-
| ]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Walmart in Maine |url=https://corporate.walmart.com/about/maine |access-date=November 16, 2022 |website=Corporate - US |language=en-US |archive-date=May 23, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220523200233/https://corporate.walmart.com/about/maine |url-status=dead }}</ref>
| 19
| 3
|
|
| 3
|
| 25
|-
| ]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Walmart in Maryland |url=https://corporate.walmart.com/about/maryland |access-date=November 16, 2022 |website=Corporate - US |language=en-US |archive-date=May 23, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220523200213/https://corporate.walmart.com/about/maryland |url-status=dead }}</ref>
| 31
| 16
|
|
| 11
| 2
| 60
|-
| ]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Walmart in Massachusetts |url=https://corporate.walmart.com/about/massachusetts |access-date=November 16, 2022 |website=Corporate - US |language=en-US |archive-date=May 23, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220523200219/https://corporate.walmart.com/about/massachusetts |url-status=dead }}</ref>
| 27
| 21
|
|
|
|
| 48
|-
| ]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Walmart in Michigan |url=https://corporate.walmart.com/about/michigan |access-date=November 16, 2022 |website=Corporate - US |language=en-US |archive-date=May 23, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220523200222/https://corporate.walmart.com/about/michigan |url-status=dead }}</ref>
| 90
| 3
|
|
| 23
| 1
| 117
|-
| ]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Walmart in Minnesota |url=https://corporate.walmart.com/about/minnesota |access-date=November 16, 2022 |website=Corporate - US |language=en-US |archive-date=May 23, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220523200217/https://corporate.walmart.com/about/minnesota |url-status=dead }}</ref>
| 65
| 3
|
|
| 12
|
| 80
|-
| ]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Walmart in Mississippi |url=https://corporate.walmart.com/about/mississippi |access-date=November 16, 2022 |website=Corporate - US |language=en-US |archive-date=May 23, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220523200212/https://corporate.walmart.com/about/mississippi |url-status=dead }}</ref>
| 65
| 3
| 10
|
| 7
| 1
| 86
|-
| ]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Walmart in Missouri |url=https://corporate.walmart.com/about/missouri |access-date=November 16, 2022 |website=Corporate - US |language=en-US |archive-date=May 23, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220523200216/https://corporate.walmart.com/about/missouri |url-status=dead }}</ref>
| 112
| 9
| 16
|
| 19
|
| 156
|-
| ]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Walmart in Montana |url=https://corporate.walmart.com/about/montana |access-date=November 16, 2022 |website=Corporate - US |language=en-US |archive-date=May 23, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220523200213/https://corporate.walmart.com/about/montana |url-status=dead }}</ref>
| 14
|
|
|
| 2
|
| 16
|-
| ]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Walmart in Nebraska |url=https://corporate.walmart.com/about/nebraska |access-date=November 16, 2022 |website=Corporate - US |language=en-US |archive-date=May 23, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220523200236/https://corporate.walmart.com/about/nebraska |url-status=dead }}</ref>
| 35
|
| 7
|
| 5
|
| 47
|-
| ]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Walmart in Nevada |url=https://corporate.walmart.com/about/nevada |access-date=November 16, 2022 |website=Corporate - US |language=en-US |archive-date=May 23, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220523200227/https://corporate.walmart.com/about/nevada |url-status=dead }}</ref>
| 30
| 2
| 11
|
| 7
|
| 50
|-
| ]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Walmart in New Hampshire |url=https://corporate.walmart.com/about/new-hampshire |access-date=November 16, 2022 |website=Corporate - US |language=en-US |archive-date=May 23, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220523200250/https://corporate.walmart.com/about/new-hampshire |url-status=dead }}</ref>
| 19
| 7
|
|
| 2
|
| 28
|-
| ]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Walmart in New Jersey |url=https://corporate.walmart.com/about/new-jersey |access-date=November 16, 2022 |website=Corporate - US |language=en-US |archive-date=May 24, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220524182423/https://corporate.walmart.com/about/new-jersey |url-status=dead }}</ref>
| 35
| 27
|
|
| 8
|
| 70
|-
| ]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Walmart in New Mexico |url=https://corporate.walmart.com/about/new-mexico |access-date=November 16, 2022 |website=Corporate - US |language=en-US |archive-date=May 23, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220523200247/https://corporate.walmart.com/about/new-mexico |url-status=dead }}</ref>
| 35
| 2
| 9
|
| 7
|
| 53
|-
| ]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Walmart in New York |url=https://corporate.walmart.com/about/new-york |access-date=November 16, 2022 |website=Corporate - US |language=en-US |archive-date=May 23, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220523200227/https://corporate.walmart.com/about/new-york |url-status=dead }}</ref>
| 82
| 16
| 1
|
| 12
|
| 111
|-
| ]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Walmart in North Carolina |url=https://corporate.walmart.com/about/north-carolina |access-date=November 16, 2022 |website=Corporate - US |language=en-US |archive-date=May 23, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220523200210/https://corporate.walmart.com/about/north-carolina |url-status=dead }}</ref>
| 143
| 6
| 43
|
| 22
|
| 214
|-
| ]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Walmart in North Dakota |url=https://corporate.walmart.com/about/north-dakota |access-date=November 16, 2022 |website=Corporate - US |language=en-US |archive-date=May 23, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220523200238/https://corporate.walmart.com/about/north-dakota |url-status=dead }}</ref>
| 14
|
|
|
| 3
|
| 17
|-
| ]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Walmart in Ohio |url=https://corporate.walmart.com/about/ohio |access-date=November 16, 2022 |website=Corporate - US |language=en-US |archive-date=May 23, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220523200234/https://corporate.walmart.com/about/ohio |url-status=dead }}</ref>
| 138
| 5
|
|
| 27
|
| 170
|-
| ]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Walmart in Oklahoma |url=https://corporate.walmart.com/about/oklahoma |access-date=November 16, 2022 |website=Corporate - US |language=en-US |archive-date=May 23, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220523200207/https://corporate.walmart.com/about/oklahoma |url-status=dead }}</ref>
| 81
| 7
| 33
|
| 13
|
| 134
|-
| ]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Walmart in Oregon |url=https://corporate.walmart.com/about/oregon |access-date=November 16, 2022 |website=Corporate - US |language=en-US |archive-date=May 23, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220523200241/https://corporate.walmart.com/about/oregon |url-status=dead }}</ref>
| 29
| 7
| 9
|
|
|
| 45
|-
| ]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Walmart in Pennsylvania |url=https://corporate.walmart.com/about/pennsylvania |access-date=November 16, 2022 |website=Corporate - US |language=en-US |archive-date=May 23, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220523200237/https://corporate.walmart.com/about/pennsylvania |url-status=dead }}</ref>
| 116
| 20
|
|
| 24
|
| 160
|-
| ]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Walmart in Puerto Rico |url=https://corporate.walmart.com/about/puerto-rico |access-date=November 16, 2022 |website=Corporate - US |language=en-US |archive-date=May 23, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220523200214/https://corporate.walmart.com/about/puerto-rico |url-status=dead }}</ref>
| 13
| 5
|
| 11
| 7
|
| 36
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| ]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Walmart in Rhode Island |url=https://corporate.walmart.com/about/rhode-island |access-date=November 16, 2022 |website=Corporate - US |language=en-US |archive-date=May 23, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220523200220/https://corporate.walmart.com/about/rhode-island |url-status=dead }}</ref>
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=== Walmart International ===
<!-- Courtesy note per ]: ] and ] redirect here -->

{{As of|2022|10|31|df=US|post=,}} Walmart's international operations comprised 5,266 stores<ref name="Unit Counts & Square Footage"/><ref name="Unit Counts by Country"/> and 800,000 workers in 23&nbsp;countries outside the United States.<ref name=Walmart_international>{{cite web |url = http://corporate.walmart.com/our-story/our-business/international |title = Walmart International |publisher = Walmart |access-date = January 19, 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140118112937/http://corporate.walmart.com/our-story/our-business/international |archive-date = January 18, 2014}}</ref> There are wholly owned operations in Argentina, Brazil, Canada, and the UK. With 2.2&nbsp;million employees worldwide, the company is the largest private employer in the U.S. and Mexico, and one of the largest in Canada.<ref name=OurBusiness>{{cite web |title = Walmart Corporate: Our Business |url = http://corporate.walmart.com/our-story/our-business/ |publisher = Walmart |access-date = January 19, 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140103075916/http://corporate.walmart.com/our-story/our-business/ |archive-date = January 3, 2014}}</ref> In fiscal 2019 Walmart's international division sales were {{US$|120.824&nbsp;billion}}, or 23.7&nbsp;percent of total sales.<ref name="xbrlus_1"/><ref name="2016 Annual Report Page 20"/> International retail units range from {{convert|1400|to|186000|sqft|abbr=off|sp=us}}, while wholesale units range from {{convert|24000|to|158000|sqft|abbr=off|sp=us}}.<ref name="2022 10-K"/> Kathryn McLay is the president and CEO of Walmart International.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Walmart International CEO Kath McLay says her first weeks were like 'drinking from a firehose' |url=https://fortune.com/2023/10/18/walmart-international-ceo-kath-mclay-sales-strategy-sams-club/ |access-date=January 13, 2024 |website=Fortune |language=en}}</ref><ref name="leadership"/>

==== Central America ====
Walmart also owns 51&nbsp;percent of the Central American Retail Holding Company (CARHCO), which, {{as of|2022|10|31|df=US|lc=y|post=,}} consists of 868 stores, including 263 stores in ] (under the Paiz, Walmart Supercenter, Despensa Familiar, and Maxi Dispensa banners),<ref name="Unit Counts & Square Footage"/><ref name="Unit Counts by Country"/> 102 stores in ] (under the Despensa Familiar, La Despensa de Don Juan, Walmart Supercenter, and Maxi Despensa banners),<ref name="Unit Counts & Square Footage"/><ref name="Unit Counts by Country"/> 111 stores in ] (including the Paiz, Walmart Supercenter, Dispensa Familiar, and Maxi Despensa banners),<ref name="Unit Counts & Square Footage"/><ref name="Unit Counts by Country"/> 102 stores in ] (including the Pali, La Unión, Maxi Pali, and Walmart Supercenter banners),<ref name="Unit Counts & Square Footage"/><ref name="Unit Counts by Country"/> and 290 stores in ] (including the Maxi Pali, Mas X Menos, Walmart Supercenter, and Pali banners<ref name="Unit Counts & Square Footage"/><ref name="Unit Counts by Country"/>).<ref name="sec2006">" {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170710094440/https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/104169/000119312506066792/d10k.htm |date=July 10, 2017 }}." '']''. January 31, 2006. Retrieved July 26, 2006.</ref>

==== Chile ====
{{Main|Líder}}
<!-- Courtesy note per ]: ], ] and ] redirect here -->
In January 2009, the company acquired a controlling interest in the largest grocer in ], Distribución y Servicio D&S SA.<ref name="Stanford 13">{{cite news |title = Wal-Mart names Chile head Ostale chief of Latin America |last1 = Stanford |first1 = Duane D. |url = https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2013-01-11/wal-mart-names-chile-head-ostale-chief-of-latin-america |magazine = Bloomberg |date = January 11, 2013 |access-date = February 28, 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160306075617/http://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2013-01-11/wal-mart-names-chile-head-ostale-chief-of-latin-america |archive-date = March 6, 2016}}</ref><ref name="Bustillo 08">{{cite news |title = Wal-Mart offers to acquire Chile's largest grocery chain |last1 = Bustillo |first1 = Miguel |url = https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB122979761002424187 |newspaper = The Wall Street Journal |date = December 22, 2008 |access-date = February 28, 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160307015629/http://www.wsj.com/articles/SB122979761002424187 |archive-date = March 7, 2016}}</ref> In 2010, the company was renamed ].<ref name="Diario Financiero 10">{{cite news |title = D&S cambia su razón social por Wal Mart Chile |url = https://www.df.cl/noticias/empresas/d-s-cambia-su-razon-social-por-wal-mart-chile/2010-10-28/110300.html |newspaper = Diario Financiero |date = October 28, 2010 |access-date = February 28, 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160306140633/https://www.df.cl/noticias/empresas/d-s-cambia-su-razon-social-por-wal-mart-chile/2010-10-28/110300.html |archive-date = March 6, 2016}}</ref> {{As of|2022|10|31|df=US|post=,}} Walmart Chile operates around 384 stores under the banners Lider, Express de Lider, Superbodega Acuenta, and Central Mayorista.<ref name="Unit Counts & Square Footage"/><ref name="Unit Counts by Country"/>

==== Mexico ====
{{Main|Walmart de México y Centroamérica}}

]
Walmart opened its first international store in Mexico in 1991.<ref name="Volpe"/>
{{As of|2022|10|31|df=US|post=,}} Walmart's Mexico division, the largest outside the U.S., consisted of 2,804 stores.<ref name="Unit Counts & Square Footage"/><ref name="Unit Counts by Country"/> Walmart in Mexico operates Walmart Supercenter, Sam's Club, ], Mi Bodega Aurrera, Bodega Aurrera Express and Walmart Express.<ref name="Unit Counts by Country"/>

==== Canada ====
{{Main|Walmart Canada}}

], Canada in September 2017|alt=]]

Walmart has operated in Canada since it acquired 122&nbsp;stores comprising the ] division of ] on January 14, 1994.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cbc.ca/archives/when-walmart-set-its-sights-on-the-canadian-market-1.5418192|title=When Walmart set its sights on the Canadian market|work=]|date=January 14, 1994|access-date=January 14, 2020|archive-date=October 30, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211030021318/https://www.cbc.ca/archives/when-walmart-set-its-sights-on-the-canadian-market-1.5418192|url-status=live}}</ref> {{As of|2022|10|31|df=US|post=,}} it operates 402&nbsp;locations (including 343&nbsp;supercentres and 59 discount stores)<ref name="Unit Counts & Square Footage"/><ref name="Unit Counts by Country"/> and, {{as of|2015|June|df=US|lc=y|post=,}} it employs 89,358 people, with a local home office in ], Ontario.<ref name="WalmartCanada">{{cite web |title = Walmart Canada: Corporate Information |url = http://walmartcanada.ca/Pages/About%20Us/168/168/168?lang=en |publisher = Walmart |access-date = January 19, 2014 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20121004202059/http://walmartcanada.ca/Pages/About%20Us/168/168/168?lang=en |archive-date = October 4, 2012 }}</ref> Walmart Canada's first three Supercentres (spelled in ]) opened in November 2006 in ], ], and ], Ontario.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/wal-mart-unveils-plans-to-open-up-to-14-supercentres-in-2007-1.572886|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121114024143/http://www.cbc.ca/news/story/2006/11/07/wawlmart-superstores.html|url-status=live|archive-date=November 14, 2012|title=Wal-Mart unveils plans to open up to 14 supercentres in 2007 – CBC News|date=November 14, 2012|access-date=April 1, 2018}}</ref>

In 2010, approximately one year after its incorporation of Schedule 2 (foreign-owned, deposit-taking) of Canada's '']'',<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gazette.gc.ca/rp-pr/p1/2009/2009-08-08/html/notice-avis-eng.html|title= Canada Gazette – Government Notices|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101220034007/http://www.gazette.gc.ca/rp-pr/p1/2009/2009-08-08/html/notice-avis-eng.html |archive-date=December 20, 2010 }}</ref> Walmart Canada Bank was introduced with the launch of the Walmart (Canada) Rewards MasterCard.<ref name="walmart_canada_bank">{{cite news |title = Walmart Canada Bank launches Walmart Rewards MasterCard |url = http://smr.newswire.ca/en/walmart-canada-bank/walmart-canada-bank-launches-walmart-rewards-mastercard |access-date = June 29, 2011 |newspaper = newswire.ca |date = June 15, 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100621125620/http://smr.newswire.ca/en/walmart-canada-bank/walmart-canada-bank-launches-walmart-rewards-mastercard |archive-date = June 21, 2010 }}</ref> Less than ten years later, however, on May 17, 2018, Wal-Mart Canada announced it had reached a definitive agreement to sell Wal-Mart Canada Bank to ] co-founder Stephen Smith and private equity firm ], on undisclosed financial terms, though it added that it would still be issuer of the Walmart (Canada) Rewards MasterCard.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.ctvnews.ca/business/walmart-sells-canadian-banking-operation-to-u-s-firm-canadian-financier-1.3935092|title=Walmart sells Canadian banking operation to U.S. firm, Canadian financier|date=May 17, 2018|agency=The Canadian Press|access-date=August 26, 2019|publisher=CTV News Online|archive-date=December 7, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201207023705/https://www.ctvnews.ca/business/walmart-sells-canadian-banking-operation-to-u-s-firm-canadian-financier-1.3935092|url-status=live}}</ref>

On April 1, 2019, ] and Stephen Smith jointly announced the closing of the previously announced acquisition of Wal-Mart Canada Bank and that it was to be renamed Duo Bank of Canada, to be styled simply as Duo Bank.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.newswire.ca/news-releases/stephen-smith-and-centerbridge-partners-l-p-complete-acquisition-of-walmart-canada-bank-847394003.html|title=Stephen Smith and Centerbridge Partners, L.P. Complete Acquisition of Walmart Canada Bank|date=April 1, 2019|website=Canada Newswire|publisher=CISION|access-date=August 26, 2019|archive-date=October 8, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201008210929/https://www.newswire.ca/news-releases/stephen-smith-and-centerbridge-partners-l-p-complete-acquisition-of-walmart-canada-bank-847394003.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Duo Bank |url=https://www.duobank.com/ |access-date=August 26, 2019 |archive-date=October 21, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201021045414/https://www.duobank.com/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Though exact ownership percentages were never revealed in either company announcement, it has also since been revealed that Duo Bank was reclassified as a Schedule 1 (domestic, deposit-taking)<ref>{{cite web |title=Our Services |url=https://www.duobank.com/our-services/ |website=Duo Bank |access-date=August 26, 2019 |archive-date=October 21, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201021035426/https://www.duobank.com/our-services/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="osfi-wwr">{{cite web |title=Who We Regulate |date=October 30, 2012 |url=http://www.osfi-bsif.gc.ca/Eng/wt-ow/Pages/wwr-er.aspx?sc=1&gc=1&ic=1#WWRLink111 |publisher=Office of the Superintendent of Financial Institutions |access-date=August 26, 2019 |archive-date=December 22, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201222171549/https://www.osfi-bsif.gc.ca/Eng/wt-ow/Pages/wwr-er.aspx?sc=1&gc=1&ic=1#WWRLink111 |url-status=live }}</ref> federally chartered bank of the '']'' in Canada from the Schedule 2 (foreign-owned or -controlled, deposit-taking)<ref name="osfi-wwr"/> that it had been, which indicates that Stephen Smith, as a noted Canadian businessman, is in a ] position.

==== Africa ====

On September 28, 2010, Walmart announced it would buy ]. of ], ] in a deal worth over {{US$|4&nbsp;billion}} giving the company its first footprint in Africa.<ref name="Wake">{{cite news |url = http://www.journalnow.com/business/head-of-wal-mart-tells-wfu-audience-of-plans-for/article_5ad539d5-d616-55ba-ab27-aeaf45b06074.html |title = Head of Walmart tells WFU audience of plans for growth over next 20 years |last = Daniel |first = Fran |work = ] |date = September 29, 2010 |access-date = March 7, 2016 |archive-date = June 19, 2016 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160619100256/http://www.journalnow.com/business/head-of-wal-mart-tells-wfu-audience-of-plans-for/article_5ad539d5-d616-55ba-ab27-aeaf45b06074.html |url-status = live }}</ref> {{As of|2022|10|31|df=US|post=,}} it has 411 stores, including 361 stores in South Africa (under the banners Game Foodco, CBW, Game, Builders Express, Builders Warehouse, Cambridge, Rhino, Makro, Builders Trade Depot, Jumbo, and Builders Superstore),<ref name="Unit Counts & Square Footage"/><ref name="Unit Counts by Country"/> 11 stores in ] (under the banners CBW, Game Foodco, and Builders Warehouse),<ref name="Unit Counts & Square Footage"/><ref name="Unit Counts by Country"/> 4 stores in ] (under the Game Foodco banner),<ref name="Unit Counts & Square Footage"/><ref name="Unit Counts by Country"/> 4 stores in ] (under the banners Game Foodco and Builders Warehouse),<ref name="Unit Counts & Square Footage"/><ref name="Unit Counts by Country"/> 3 stores in ] (under the banners CBW and Game Foodco),<ref name="Unit Counts & Square Footage"/> 2 stores in ] (under the Game banner),<ref name="Unit Counts & Square Footage"/><ref name="Unit Counts by Country"/> 6 stores in ] (under the banners Builders Warehouse, Game Foodco, CBW, and Builders Express),<ref name="Unit Counts & Square Footage"/><ref name="Unit Counts by Country"/> 5 stores in ] (under the banners Game Foodco and Game),<ref name="Unit Counts & Square Footage"/><ref name="Unit Counts by Country"/> 5 stores in ] (under the banners Game and Game Foodco),<ref name="Unit Counts & Square Footage"/><ref name="Unit Counts by Country"/> 1 store in ] (under the CBW banner),<ref name="Unit Counts & Square Footage"/><ref name="Unit Counts by Country"/> 1 store in ] (under the Game Foodco banner),<ref name="Unit Counts & Square Footage"/><ref name="Unit Counts by Country"/> 1 store in ] (under the Game banner),<ref name="Unit Counts & Square Footage"/><ref name="Unit Counts by Country"/> and 7 stores in ] (under the banners CBW, Game Foodco, Builders Warehouse, and Builders Express).<ref name="Unit Counts & Square Footage"/><ref name="Unit Counts by Country"/>

{{anchor|Asia}}
<!-- There is a redirect ] to the section heading #Asia which no longer exists. Fortunately, the three Asian countries (China, India, Japan) are still contiguous so we can place an anchor here. See ], ]. -->

==== China ====
], China in February 2017|alt=An aisle in a Walmart store in China]]

Walmart has joint ventures in China and several majority-owned subsidiaries. {{As of|2022|10|31|df=US|post=,}} Walmart China (沃尔玛 ''Wò'ērmǎ'')<ref>{{cite web |title = Walmart China – Official website |url = http://www.wal-martchina.com/walmart/wminchina_map.htm |website = wal-martchina.com |publisher = Walmart |access-date = March 11, 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160314042735/http://wal-martchina.com/walmart/wminchina_map.htm |archive-date = March 14, 2016}}</ref> operates 369 stores under the Walmart Supercenter and Sam's Club banners.<ref name="Unit Counts & Square Footage"/><ref name="Unit Counts by Country"/>

In February 2012, Walmart announced that the company raised its stake to 51 percent in Chinese online supermarket ] to tap rising consumer wealth and help the company offer more products. Walmart took full ownership in July 2015.<ref name="Jourdan 15">{{cite news |title = Wal-Mart buys out China e-commerce firm Yihaodian in online push |last1 = Jourdan |first1 = Adam |url = https://www.reuters.com/article/us-wal-mart-stores-china-yihaodian-idUSKCN0PX0D220150723 |work = Reuters |date = July 23, 2015 |access-date = February 28, 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160304082807/http://www.reuters.com/article/us-wal-mart-stores-china-yihaodian-idUSKCN0PX0D220150723 |archive-date = March 4, 2016}}</ref>

In October 2016, Walmart launched the Food Safety Collaboration Center in Beijing, China. The goal of this investment is to collaborate with the local government, promote the use of blockchain technology in tracking pork supply in China, and enhance the transparency and safety of the food supply chain.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kamath |first=Reshma |date=2018-06-12 |title=Food Traceability on Blockchain: Walmart's Pork and Mango Pilots with IBM |url=https://jbba.scholasticahq.com/article/3712-food-traceability-on-blockchain-walmart-s-pork-and-mango-pilots-with-ibm |journal=The Journal of the British Blockchain Association |language=en |volume=1 |issue=1 |pages=1–12 |doi=10.31585/jbba-1-1-(10)2018}}</ref>

In December 2021, the ]'s ] warned Walmart about removing products made from inputs from ] in response to the ].<ref>{{Cite news|last=Lin|first=Liza|date=December 31, 2021|title=China Warns Walmart Against Removing Products Made in Xinjiang|language=en-US|work=]|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/china-warns-walmart-against-removing-products-made-in-xinjiang-11640967233|access-date=January 2, 2022|issn=0099-9660|archive-date=January 1, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220101213807/https://www.wsj.com/articles/china-warns-walmart-against-removing-products-made-in-xinjiang-11640967233|url-status=live}}</ref>

==== India ====
]]]
<!-- Courtesy note per ]: ], ] and others redirect here -->
In November 2006, the company announced a joint venture with ] to operate in India. As foreign corporations were not allowed to enter the retail sector directly, Walmart operated through franchises and handled the wholesale end of the business.<ref name="walmartindia">Giridharadas A., Rai S. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170701110549/http://www.nytimes.com/2006/11/27/business/worldbusiness/27cnd-walmart.html |date=July 1, 2017 }}. ''The New York Times''. November 27, 2006. Retrieved November 27, 2006.</ref> The partnership involved two joint ventures—Bharti manages the front end, involving opening of retail outlets while Walmart takes care of the back end, such as ]s and logistics. Walmart operates stores in India under the name Best Price Modern Wholesale.<ref name="Mathew 13">{{cite news |title = Wal-Mart to run India wholesale business single-handedly |last1 = Mathew |first1 = Jerin |url = http://www.ibtimes.co.uk/wal-mart-bharti-india-retail-fdi-reforms-512464 |newspaper = ] |date = October 9, 2013 |access-date = February 28, 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160306222500/http://www.ibtimes.co.uk/wal-mart-bharti-india-retail-fdi-reforms-512464 |archive-date = March 6, 2016}}</ref> The first store opened in ] on May 30, 2009. On September 14, 2012, the Government of India approved 51 percent FDI in multi-brand retails, subject to approval by individual states, effective September 20, 2012.<ref>{{cite news |title = Govt allows FDI in multi-brand retail, aviation |url = http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/Govt-allows-FDI-in-multi-brand-retail-aviation/articleshow/16397960.cms |date = September 14, 2012 |agency = Reuters |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120915090846/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/Govt-allows-FDI-in-multi-brand-retail-aviation/articleshow/16397960.cms |archive-date = September 15, 2012 |work = The Times of India |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title = Department of Industrial Policy & Promotion (FC-I Section), Press Note No.5 (2012 Series) – multi brand retail |publisher = Ministry of Commerce & Industry, Government of India |date = September 20, 2012 |url = http://dipp.nic.in/English/acts_rules/Press_Notes/pn5_2012.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160222062405/http://dipp.nic.in/english/acts_rules/Press_Notes/pn5_2012.pdf |archive-date = February 22, 2016}}</ref> Scott Price, Walmart's president and CEO for Asia, told '']'' that the company would be able to start opening Walmart stores in India within two years.<ref>{{cite news |url = http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/Walmart-hopes-to-open-first-India-store-in-18-months-Report/articleshow/16488898.cms |title = Walmart hopes to open first India store in 18 months: Report |work = The Times of India |date = September 21, 2012 |access-date = September 27, 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150226212215/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/Walmart-hopes-to-open-first-India-store-in-18-months-Report/articleshow/16488898.cms |archive-date = February 26, 2015}}</ref> Expansion into India faced some significant problems. In November 2012, Walmart admitted to spending {{US$|25&nbsp;million}} lobbying the ];<ref name="indiatimes">{{cite news |title = Probe Walmart 'bribe', says opposition |url = https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Probe-Walmart-bribe-says-opposition/articleshow/17564444.cms |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130117025430/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-12-11/india/35748837_1_bharti-walmart-indian-market-fdi |url-status = live |archive-date = January 17, 2013 |newspaper = ] |date = December 11, 2012 }}</ref> lobbying is conventionally considered bribery in India.<ref name="BBCnewsUS">{{cite news |title = US defends Walmart India lobbying |url = https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-india-20674717 |access-date = December 28, 2012 |publisher = BBC News India |date = December 11, 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20121214073534/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-india-20674717 |archive-date = December 14, 2012}}</ref> Walmart is conducting an internal investigation into potential violations of the ].<ref name="NYTinquiry">{{cite news |last1 = Clifford |first1 = Stephanie |last2 = Barstow |first2 = David |title = Walmart Inquiry Reflects Alarm on Corruption |url = https://www.nytimes.com/2012/11/16/business/Walmart-expands-foreign-bribery-investigation.html |access-date = December 28, 2012 |work = The New York Times |date = November 15, 2012 |archive-date = July 29, 2020 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200729162555/https://www.nytimes.com/2012/11/16/business/Walmart-expands-foreign-bribery-investigation.html |url-status = live }}</ref> Bharti Walmart suspended a number of employees, rumored to include its CFO and legal team, to ensure "a complete and thorough investigation".<ref name="NYTIndianBribery">{{cite news |last = Bajaj |first = Vikas |title = India Unit of Walmart Suspends Employees |url = https://www.nytimes.com/2012/11/24/business/global/Walmarts-india-venture-suspends-executives-as-part-of-bribery-inquiry.html |access-date = December 28, 2012 |newspaper = The New York Times |date = November 23, 2012 |archive-date = July 29, 2020 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200729171405/https://www.nytimes.com/2012/11/24/business/global/Walmarts-india-venture-suspends-executives-as-part-of-bribery-inquiry.html |url-status = live }}</ref> In October 2013, Bharti and Walmart separated to pursue business independently.<ref name="Times of India">{{cite news |title = Bharti, Wal-Mart end joint venture |url = http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/Bharti-Wal-Mart-end-joint-venture/articleshow/23848813.cms |date = October 10, 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20161210181157/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/Bharti-Wal-Mart-end-joint-venture/articleshow/23848813.cms |archive-date = December 10, 2016}}</ref>

On May 9, 2018, Walmart announced its intent to acquire a 77% majority stake in the Indian e-commerce company ] for $16&nbsp;billion, in a deal that was completed on August 18, 2018.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/walmart-bets-15-billion-on-an-e-commerce-passage-to-india-1525690804|title=Walmart Bets $15 Billion on an E-Commerce Passage to India|last1=Purnell|first1=Newley|date=May 7, 2018|work=The Wall Street Journal|access-date=May 7, 2018|last2=Bellman|first2=Eric|issn=0099-9660|last3=Abrams|first3=Corinne|archive-date=November 9, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201109031102/https://www.wsj.com/articles/walmart-bets-15-billion-on-an-e-commerce-passage-to-india-1525690804|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/business/economy/walmart-expects-to-close-flipkart-deal-by-the-end-of-2018-2583161.html|title=Walmart expects to close Flipkart deal by the end of 2018|website=Moneycontrol|date=June 5, 2018|access-date=June 6, 2018|archive-date=October 28, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201028155507/https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/business/economy/walmart-expects-to-close-flipkart-deal-by-the-end-of-2018-2583161.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Walmart completes deal to acquire 77% stake in Flipkart, to invest $2 billion – Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/walmart-completes-deal-to-acquire-77-stake-in-flipkart-to-invest-2-billion/articleshow/65454382.cms |website=The Times of India |date=August 18, 2018 |access-date=August 30, 2018 |archive-date=November 9, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201109020318/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/walmart-completes-deal-to-acquire-77-stake-in-flipkart-to-invest-2-billion/articleshow/65454382.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> {{As of|2022|10|31|df=US|post=,}} there are 28 Best Price Modern Wholesale locations.<ref name="Unit Counts & Square Footage"/><ref name="Unit Counts by Country"/>

==== Setbacks ====
<!-- Courtesy note per ]: ] and others link here. -->
In the 1990s, Walmart tried with a large financial investment to get a foothold in both German and Indonesian retail markets.

Walmart entered Indonesia with the opening of stores in ] Supermall (now known as Supermal Karawaci) and Megamall Pluit (now known as ]) respectively, under a joint-venture agreement with local conglomerate ]. Both stores closed down due to the ].<ref>{{Cite web|date=July 9, 2021|title=5 brand terkenal di dunia yang gagal ekspansi di Indonesia!|url=https://bisnika.hops.id/4-brand-terkenal-di-dunia-yang-gagal-ekspansi-di-indonesia/|access-date=July 19, 2021|website=Info Bisnis dan Keuangan|language=en-US|archive-date=July 19, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210719061856/https://bisnika.hops.id/4-brand-terkenal-di-dunia-yang-gagal-ekspansi-di-indonesia/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Profil – Walmart|url=https://www.merdeka.com/walmart/profil/|access-date=July 19, 2021|website=merdeka.com|language=en|archive-date=July 19, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210719061851/https://www.merdeka.com/walmart/profil/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Pintak|first=Lawrence|date=March 13, 1998|title=Lippo Group sues Wal-Mart over Indonesia pullout (Washington Times)|url=https://pintak.com/1998/03/12/lippo-group-sues-wal-mart-over-indonesia-pullout-washington-times/|access-date=July 30, 2021|website=Lawrence Pintak|language=en|archive-date=July 30, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210730073131/https://pintak.com/1998/03/12/lippo-group-sues-wal-mart-over-indonesia-pullout-washington-times/|url-status=dead}}</ref>

In Germany, Walmart took over supermarket chain ] with its 21 stores for ]750&nbsp;million in 1997<ref> {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090618032055/http://www.ka-news.de/wirtschaft/karlsruhe/Karlsruhe;art127,52059 |date=June 18, 2009 }}. (in German). ka-news. August 3, 2006</ref> and the following year Walmart acquired 74 ] stores for DM1.3&nbsp;billion.<ref> {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160301024822/http://www.zeit.de/1999/40/Schnitte |date=March 1, 2016 }}. (in German). '']''.</ref><ref>. (in German). '']''. February 18, 2005.</ref> The German market at this point was an oligopoly with high competition among companies which used a similar low price strategy as Walmart. As a result, Walmart's low price strategy yielded no competitive advantage. Walmart's ] was not viewed positively among employees and customers, particularly Walmart's "statement of ethics", which attempted to restrict relationships between employees, a possible violation of German labor law, and led to a public discussion in the media, resulting in a bad reputation among customers.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.stern.de/wirtschaft/unternehmen/549609.html |title = Walmart Employees may love too |work = Stern |date = November 15, 2005 |language=de |url-status=live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080530013145/http://www.stern.de/wirtschaft/unternehmen/549609.html |archive-date = May 30, 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url = https://www.welt.de/print-welt/article177942/Walmart-Mitarbeiter_duerfen_flirten.html |title = Walmart Employees may flirt |language=de |newspaper = ] |date = November 15, 2005 }}</ref> In July 2006, Walmart announced its withdrawal from Germany due to sustained losses. The stores were sold to the German company ] during Walmart's fiscal third quarter.<ref name="Boyle 09" /><ref name="walmartgermany">{{cite news |url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/5223432.stm |title = Walmart Abandons German Venture |work = BBC News |date = July 28, 2006 |access-date = July 31, 2006 |url-status=live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090115081000/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/5223432.stm |archive-date = January 15, 2009}}</ref> Walmart did not disclose its losses from its German investment, but they were estimated to be around {{Euro}}3&nbsp;billion.<ref>{{cite magazine |url = http://www.spiegel.de/wirtschaft/0,1518,429017,00.html |title = Spiegel: Why the american Titan failed |language=de |magazine = ] |date = July 28, 2006 |url-status=live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120118130337/http://www.spiegel.de/wirtschaft/0,1518,429017,00.html |archive-date = January 18, 2012}}</ref>

] in ] in May 2008]]

In 2004, Walmart bought the 118&nbsp;stores in the ] supermarket chain in northeastern Brazil. In late 2005, it took control of the Brazilian operations of ] Distribution Group through its new subsidiary, WMS Supermercados do Brasil, thus acquiring control of the Nacional and Mercadorama supermarket chains, the leaders in the ] and ] states, respectively. None of these stores were rebranded. {{As of|2014|01|df=US|post=,}} Walmart operated 61 Bompreço supermarkets, 39&nbsp;Hiper Bompreço stores. It also ran 57&nbsp;Walmart Supercenters, 27&nbsp;Sam's Clubs, and 174 Todo Dia stores. With the acquisition of Bompreço and Sonae, by 2010, Walmart was the third-largest supermarket chain in Brazil, behind ] and ].<ref name="WalmartBrazil">{{cite web |title = Walmart Corporate: Brazil |url = http://corporate.walmart.com/our-story/locations/brazil |publisher = Walmart |access-date = January 19, 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140211004203/http://corporate.walmart.com/our-story/locations/brazil |archive-date = February 11, 2014}}</ref>

Walmart Brasil, the operating company, has its head office in ], São Paulo State, and regional offices in ], Paraná; ], Rio Grande do Sul; ], Pernambuco; and ], Bahia.<ref>" {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150510133406/http://www.walmartbrasil.com.br/sobre-o-walmart/no-brasil/ |date=May 10, 2015 }}." ]. Retrieved November 7, 2011.</ref> Walmart Brasil operates under the banners Todo Dia, Nacional, Bompreço, Walmart Supercenter, Maxxi Atacado, Hipermercado Big, Hiper Bompreço, Sam's Club, Mercadorama, Walmart Posto (Gas Station), Supermercado Todo Dia, and Hiper Todo Dia. Recently, the company started the conversion process of all Hiper Bompreço and Big stores into Walmart Supercenters and Bompreço, Nacional and Mercadorama stores into the Walmart Supermercado brand.

Since August 2018, Walmart Inc. only holds a minority stake in Walmart Brasil, which was renamed Grupo Big on August 12, 2019,<ref>{{Cite web|last=Feliciano|first=Dorah|date=August 13, 2019|title=Walmart Brazil Renamed 'Grupo Big' and Plans to Expand its Stores|url=https://riotimesonline.com/brazil-news/brazil/walmart-brazil-gets-renamed-to-grupo-big-and-plans-to-expand-its-stores/|website=The Rio Times|access-date=August 14, 2019|archive-date=November 27, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201127170932/https://riotimesonline.com/brazil-news/brazil/walmart-brazil-gets-renamed-to-grupo-big-and-plans-to-expand-its-stores/|url-status=live}}</ref> with 20% of the company's shares, and ] firm ] holding 80% ownership of the company.<ref name="AdventWalmartBrazil">{{cite news |title = Advent International to acquire majority stake in Walmart Brazil |work = Advent International |date = June 4, 2018 |url = https://www.adventinternational.com/advent-international-acquire-majority-stake-walmart-brazil/ |publisher = Advent International |access-date = October 23, 2018 |archive-date = December 16, 2020 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20201216224224/https://www.adventinternational.com/advent-international-acquire-majority-stake-walmart-brazil/ |url-status = live |last1 = Ramsey |first1 = Andrea }}</ref> On March 24, 2021, it was announced that ] would be acquiring Grupo Big.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Carrefour reinforces its leading position in Brazil with the acquisition of Grupo BIG|url=https://www.carrefour.com/en/actuality/carrefour-reinforces-its-leading-position-brazil-acquisition-grupo-big|access-date=May 18, 2021|website=Carrefour Group|archive-date=May 18, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210518195452/https://www.carrefour.com/en/actuality/carrefour-reinforces-its-leading-position-brazil-acquisition-grupo-big|url-status=live}}</ref>

]

Walmart Argentina was founded in 1995 and operates stores under the banners Walmart Supercenter, Changomas, Mi Changomas, and Punto Mayorista. On November 6, 2020, it was announced that Walmart has sold its Argentine operations to Grupo de Narváez and renamed Hiper Changomas.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Grupo de Narváez Acquires Full Ownership of Walmart Argentina|url=https://corporate.walmart.com/newsroom/2020/11/06/grupo-de-narvaez-acquires-full-ownership-of-walmart-argentina|access-date=November 6, 2020|website=Corporate – US|archive-date=December 14, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201214161714/https://corporate.walmart.com/newsroom/2020/11/06/grupo-de-narvaez-acquires-full-ownership-of-walmart-argentina|url-status=live}}</ref>

]

Walmart's UK subsidiary ] (which retained its name after being acquired by Walmart) is based in ] and accounted for 42.7&nbsp;percent of 2006 sales of Walmart's international division. In contrast to the U.S. operations, Asda was originally and still remains primarily a grocery chain, but with a stronger focus on non-food items than most UK supermarket chains other than ]. In 2010 Asda acquired stores from ]. In addition to small suburban Asda Supermarkets,<ref name="Unit Counts by Country"/> larger stores are branded Supercentres.<ref name="Unit Counts by Country"/><!-- Supercentres is correct; see talk page. --> Other banners include Asda Superstores, Asda Living, and Asda Petrol Fueling Station.<ref name="Unit Counts & Square Footage"/><ref name="Unit Counts by Country"/><ref>. Retrieved August 7, 2011 {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110803164941/http://www.asda.jobs/all-about/who-we-are/stores.html |date=August 3, 2011 }}</ref> In July 2015, Asda updated its logo featuring the Walmart Asterisks behind the first 'A' in the Logo. In May 2018, Walmart announced plans to sell Asda to rival ] for $10.1&nbsp;billion. Under the terms of the deal, Walmart would have received a 42% stake in the combined company and about £3&nbsp;billion in cash.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/walmart-to-merge-british-unit-asda-with-u-k-rival-sainsbury-1525070178|title=Walmart to Sell British Unit Asda to U.K. Rival Sainsbury|last=Chaudhuri|first=Saabira|date=April 30, 2018|work=]|access-date=May 2, 2018|issn=0099-9660|archive-date=November 9, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201109042529/https://www.wsj.com/articles/walmart-to-merge-british-unit-asda-with-u-k-rival-sainsbury-1525070178|url-status=live}}</ref> However, in April 2019, the United Kingdom's ] blocked the proposed sale of Asda to Sainsburys.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cnn.com/2019/04/25/business/sainsburys-asda-takeover-blocked/index.html|title=Walmart's $9 billion deal to sell its UK supermarkets is dead|first1=Daniel|last1=Shane|first2=Ivana|last2=Kottasová|work=CNN|date=April 25, 2019|access-date=April 26, 2019|archive-date=November 8, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201108003534/https://www.cnn.com/2019/04/25/business/sainsburys-asda-takeover-blocked/index.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

On October 2, 2020, it was announced that Walmart will sell a majority stake of Asda to a consortium of ] and ] (the owners of ]) and private equity firm ] for £6.8bn, pending approval from the Competition and Markets Authority.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/business-54383131|title=Asda bought by billionaire Issa brothers in £6.8bn deal|publisher=BBC|date=October 2, 2020|access-date=October 2, 2020|archive-date=December 21, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201221003122/https://www.bbc.com/news/business-54383131|url-status=live}}</ref>

In Japan, Walmart owned 100 percent of ] (西友 ''Seiyū'') {{as of|2008|df=US|lc=y|post=.}}<ref name="Boyle 09">{{cite news |title = Wal-Mart's painful lessons |last1 = Boyle |first1 = Matthew |url = http://www.businessweek.com/managing/content/oct2009/ca20091013_227022.htm |magazine = Bloomberg |date = October 13, 2009 |access-date = February 28, 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160307205619/http://www.businessweek.com/managing/content/oct2009/ca20091013_227022.htm |archive-date = March 7, 2016 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url = http://corporate.walmart.com/our-story/our-business/locations/#/japan |title = Walmart Corporate – Japan |publisher = Walmart |access-date = January 19, 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140104115055/http://corporate.walmart.com/our-story/our-business/locations/#/japan |archive-date = January 4, 2014}}</ref> It operates under the Seiyu (Hypermarket), Seiyu (Supermarket), Seiyu (General Merchandise), Livin, and Sunny banners.<ref name="Unit Counts & Square Footage"/><ref name="Unit Counts by Country"/>
On November 16, 2020, Walmart announced they would be selling 65% of their shares in the company to the private-equity firm ] in a deal valuing 329 stores and 34,600 employees at $1.6&nbsp;billion. Walmart is supposed to retain 15% and a seat on the board, while a joint-venture between KKR and Japanese company ] will receive 20%.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Narioka|first=Peter Landers and Kosaku|date=November 16, 2020|title=Walmart Retreats Around Globe to Focus on E-Commerce|work=]|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/walmart-retreats-around-globe-to-focus-on-e-commerce-11605518960|access-date=November 17, 2020|issn=0099-9660|archive-date=December 22, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201222213136/https://www.wsj.com/articles/walmart-retreats-around-globe-to-focus-on-e-commerce-11605518960|url-status=live}}</ref>

==== Corruption charges ====
<!-- Courtesy note per ]: ] (sic, "chargest") redirects here. -->
An April 2012 investigation by '']'' reported the allegations of a former executive of Walmart de Mexico that, in September 2005, the company had paid ] via local fixers to officials throughout Mexico in exchange for construction permits, information, and other favors, which gave Walmart a substantial advantage over competitors.<ref name="NYTBribe">{{cite news |url = https://www.nytimes.com/2012/04/22/business/at-wal-mart-in-mexico-a-bribe-inquiry-silenced.html |title = Vast Mexican Bribery Case Hushed Up by Walmart After High-Level Struggle |newspaper = The New York Times |first = David |last = Barstow |date = April 21, 2012 |access-date = April 22, 2012 |archive-date = September 10, 2019 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190910013428/https://www.nytimes.com/2012/04/22/business/at-wal-mart-in-mexico-a-bribe-inquiry-silenced.html |url-status = live }}</ref> Walmart investigators found credible evidence that Mexican and American laws had been broken. Concerns were also raised that Walmart executives in the United States had "hushed up" the allegations. A follow-up investigation by ''The New York Times'', published December 17, 2012, revealed evidence that regulatory permission for siting, construction, and operation of nineteen stores had been obtained through bribery. There was evidence that a bribe of {{US$|52,000}} was paid to change a zoning map, which enabled the opening of a Walmart store a mile from a historical site in ] in 2004.<ref name="NYT92904">{{cite news |title = No, the Conquistadors Are Not Back. It's Just Walmart. |url = https://www.nytimes.com/2004/09/28/international/americas/28mexico.html |access-date = December 18, 2012 |newspaper = The New York Times |date = September 28, 2004 |author = James C. McKinley Jr. |url-status=live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20121218213105/http://www.nytimes.com/2004/09/28/international/americas/28mexico.html |archive-date = December 18, 2012}}</ref> After the initial article was released, Walmart released a statement denying the allegations and describing its anti-corruption policy. While an official Walmart report states that it had found no evidence of corruption, the article alleges that previous internal reports had indeed turned up such evidence before the story became public.<ref>{{cite news |url = https://www.forbes.com/sites/lydiadishman/2012/04/22/walmart-in-mexico/ |title = What Walmart Might Do With Allegations of Bribery in Mexico |first = Lydia |last = Dishman |date = April 22, 2012 |access-date = April 23, 2012 |work = ] |url-status=live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120423132905/http://www.forbes.com/sites/lydiadishman/2012/04/22/walmart-in-mexico/ |archive-date = April 23, 2012}}</ref> '']'' magazine contributor Adam Hartung also commented that the bribery scandal was a reflection of Walmart's "serious management and strategy troubles", stating, "candals are now commonplace&nbsp;... ach scandal points out that Walmart's strategy is harder to navigate and is running into big problems".<ref>{{cite news |last = Hartung |first = Adam |title = WalMart's Mexican Bribery Scandal Will Sink It Like an Iceberg Sank the Titanic |url = https://www.forbes.com/sites/adamhartung/2012/04/26/walmarts-mexican-bribery-scandal-will-sink-it-like-the-icerberg-sank-the-titanic/ |work = Forbes |access-date = July 2, 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120703221317/http://www.forbes.com/sites/adamhartung/2012/04/26/walmarts-mexican-bribery-scandal-will-sink-it-like-the-icerberg-sank-the-titanic/ |archive-date = July 3, 2012}}</ref>

In 2012, there was an incident with CJ's Seafood, a crawfish processing firm in Louisiana that was partnered with Walmart, that eventually gained media attention for the mistreatment of its 40 H-2B visa workers from Mexico. These workers experienced harsh living conditions in tightly packed trailers outside of the work facility, physical threats, verbal abuse, and were forced to work day-long shifts. Many of the workers were afraid to take action about the abuse due to the fact that the manager threatened the lives of their family members in the U.S. and Mexico if the abuse were to be reported. Eight of the workers confronted management at CJ's Seafood about the mistreatment; however, the management denied the abuse allegations and the workers went on strike. The workers then took their stories to Walmart due to their partnership with CJ's. While Walmart was investigating the situation, the workers collected 150,000 signatures of supporters who agreed that Walmart should stand by the workers and take action. In June 2012, the visa workers held a protest and day-long hunger strike outside of the apartment building where a Walmart board member resided. Following this protest, Walmart announced its final decision to no longer work with CJ's Seafood. Less than a month later, the Department of Labor fined CJ's Seafood "approximately $460,000 in back-pay, safety violations, wage and hour violations, civil damages, and fines for abuses to the H-2B program. The company has since shut down."<ref>{{Cite web |url = https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/mexican-guest-workers-gain-walmart-federal-response-louisiana-usa-2012 |title = Mexican guest workers gain Walmart, federal response, Louisiana, USA, 2012 |last = Capron |first = Christopher |date = November 11, 2012 |website = Global Nonviolent Action Database |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170929000345/https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/mexican-guest-workers-gain-walmart-federal-response-louisiana-usa-2012 |archive-date = September 29, 2017 |url-status=live |access-date = September 28, 2017}}</ref>

{{As of|2012|December|df=US|post=,}} internal investigations were ongoing into possible violations of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act.<ref name="NYT121712">{{cite news |url = https://www.nytimes.com/2012/12/18/business/walmart-bribes-teotihuacan.html |title = The Bribery Aisle: How Wal-Mart Got Its Way in Mexico |work = The New York Times |date = December 17, 2012 |access-date = April 29, 2013 |author1 = Barstow, David |author2 = von Bertrab, Alejandra Xanic |author-link1 = David Barstow |url-status=live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130322234030/http://www.nytimes.com/2012/12/18/business/walmart-bribes-teotihuacan.html |archive-date = March 22, 2013}}</ref> Walmart has invested {{US$|99&nbsp;million}} on internal investigations, which expanded beyond Mexico to implicate operations in China, Brazil, and India.<ref name="Clifford 12">{{cite news |title = Wal-Mart inquiry reflects alarm on corruption |last1 = Clifford |first1 = Stephanie |last2 = Barnstow |first2 = David |url = https://www.nytimes.com/2012/11/16/business/wal-mart-expands-foreign-bribery-investigation.html |newspaper = The New York Times |date = November 15, 2012 |access-date = February 28, 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150925051846/http://www.nytimes.com/2012/11/16/business/wal-mart-expands-foreign-bribery-investigation.html |archive-date = September 25, 2015}}</ref><ref name="Brown 12">{{cite news |title = Wal-Mart bribery probe expands past Mexico to Brazil, China and India |last1 = Brown |first1 = Abram |url = https://www.forbes.com/sites/abrambrown/2012/11/15/probe-into-wal-mart-bribery-past-mexico-to-brazil-china-and-india/ |magazine = Forbes |date = November 15, 2012 |access-date = February 28, 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160304132316/http://www.forbes.com/sites/abrambrown/2012/11/15/probe-into-wal-mart-bribery-past-mexico-to-brazil-china-and-india/#6973d1417561 |archive-date = March 4, 2016}}</ref> The case has added fuel to the debate as to whether foreign investment will result in increased prosperity, or if it merely allows local retail trade and economic policy to be taken over by "foreign financial and corporate interests".<ref name="Sharma 12">{{cite news |title = India government agency probes Wal-Mart investments |last1 = Sharma |first1 = Malavika |url = https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2012-12-05/india-government-agency-probes-wal-mart-investments |magazine = Bloomberg |date = December 5, 2012 |access-date = February 28, 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160314064550/http://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2012-12-05/india-government-agency-probes-wal-mart-investments |archive-date = March 14, 2016}}</ref><ref name="NYTIndia">{{cite news |last1 = Thirani |first1 = Neha |last2 = Kumar |first2 = Hari |title = Fact-Checking the F.D.I. Debates |url = http://india.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/12/07/fact-checking-the-f-d-i-debates/ |access-date = December 28, 2012 |newspaper = The New York Times / International Herald Tribune |date = December 7, 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20121212010207/http://india.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/12/07/fact-checking-the-f-d-i-debates/ |archive-date = December 12, 2012}}</ref>

=== Sam's Club ===
{{Main|Sam's Club}}

'''Sam's Club''' is a chain of ]s that sell groceries and ], often in bulk.<ref name="Volpe"/> Locations generally range in size from {{convert|32000|-|168000|sqft|abbr=on}}, with an average club size of approximately {{convert|134000|sqft|abbr=on}}.<ref name="2022 10-K"/> The first Sam's Club was opened by Walmart, Inc. in 1983 in ]<ref name="aboutsamsclub">{{cite web|url=http://pressroom.samsclub.com/content/?id=3&atg=524|title=About Sam's Club|publisher=Sam's Club|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070328175957/http://pressroom.samsclub.com/content/?id=3&atg=524|archive-date=March 28, 2007|url-status=dead|access-date=November 1, 2007}}</ref> under the name "Sam's Wholesale Club". The chain was named after its founder Sam Walton. As of October 31, 2022, Sam's Club operated 600 membership warehouse clubs and accounted for 11.3% of Walmart's revenue at $57.839&nbsp;billion in fiscal year 2019.<ref name="xbrlus_1"/><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-01-11/sam-s-club-closes-series-of-locations-on-same-day-as-wage-hike|title=Wal-Mart Closes Multiple Sam's Club Locations on the Same Day It Hiked Wages|publisher=Bloomberg L.P.|access-date=July 17, 2018|archive-date=November 9, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201109031424/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-01-11/sam-s-club-closes-series-of-locations-on-same-day-as-wage-hike|url-status=live}}</ref> Christopher Nicholas is the president and CEO of Sam's Club.<ref name="leadership"/><ref>{{Cite web |last1=Rajesh |first1=Ananya Mariam |last2=Cavale |first2=Siddharth |date=August 17, 2023 |title=Walmart promotes CEO of Sam's Club to head International division |url=https://www.reuters.com/business/retail-consumer/walmarts-international-division-head-retire-2023-08-16/ |access-date=April 9, 2024 |website=]}}</ref>

=== Global eCommerce ===
Based in San Bruno, California, Walmart's Global eCommerce division provides online retailing for Walmart, Sam's Club, Asda, and all other international brands. There are several locations in the United States in California and Oregon: ], ], ], and ]. Locations outside of the United States include ] (China), ] (United Kingdom), and ] (India).

== Subsidiaries ==

=== Private label brands ===
{{Main|List of Walmart brands}}

About 40 percent of products sold in Walmart are ]s, which are produced for the company through contracts with manufacturers. Walmart began offering private label brands in 1991, with the launch of ], a line of drinks produced by ] for Walmart. Sam's Choice quickly became popular and by 1993, was the third-most-popular beverage brand in the United States.<ref name="samschoice">{{cite news |url = http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m3092/is_n19_v32/ai_14495621 |title = Sam's Choice Climbs Beverage Brand List – Walmart's Sam's American Choice Beverage Brand |work = Discount Store News |date = October 4, 1993 |access-date = April 20, 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070624152410/http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m3092/is_n19_v32/ai_14495621 |archive-date = June 24, 2007 }}</ref> Other Walmart brands include Great Value and Equate in the U.S. and Canada and Smart Price in Britain. A 2006 study talked of "the magnitude of mind-share Walmart appears to hold in the shoppers' minds when it comes to the awareness of private label brands and retailers".<ref>{{cite web |author = Reyes, Sonia |url = http://www.pbmproducts.com/press.aspx?ID=183 |title = Study: Walmart Private Brands Are Catching On |date = August 21, 2006 |access-date = December 16, 2012 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130117025424/http://www.pbmproducts.com/press.aspx?ID=183 |archive-date = January 17, 2013 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

=== Entertainment ===
<!-- Courtesy note per ]: ] redirects here -->
In 2010, the company teamed with ] to produce '']'' and '']'', two-hour family movies which featured the characters using Walmart and Procter & Gamble–branded products. ''The Jensen Project'' also featured a preview of a product to be released in several months in Walmart stores.<ref>{{cite web |title = Walmart Pushing Limited $199 Kinect Pre-Order Bundle |url = http://www.pcworld.com/article/201049/walmart_pushing_limited_199_kinect_preorder_bundle.html |work = PC World |date = July 14, 2010 |access-date = July 18, 2010 |url-status=live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100718104454/http://www.pcworld.com/article/201049/walmart_pushing_limited_199_kinect_preorder_bundle.html |archive-date = July 18, 2010}}</ref><ref name="la times review">{{cite news |title = Television review: 'The Jensen Project' |url = https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2010-jul-16-la-et-jensen-project-20100716-story.html |access-date = July 16, 2010 |newspaper = Los Angeles Times |date = July 16, 2010 |first1 = Mary |last1 = McNamara |url-status=live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100719233456/http://articles.latimes.com/2010/jul/16/entertainment/la-et-jensen-project-20100716 |archive-date = July 19, 2010}}</ref> A third movie, ''A Walk in My Shoes'', also aired in 2010 and a fourth is in production.{{When|date=November 2012}}<ref>{{cite news |title = Second P&G Family Friendly Movie Airs July 16 On NBC |last = Kiesewette |first = John |url = http://cincinnati.com/blogs/tv/2010/07/09/second-pg-family-friendly-movie-airs-july-16-on-nbc/ |work = ] |access-date = July 9, 2010 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100713045542/http://cincinnati.com/blogs/tv/2010/07/09/second-pg-family-friendly-movie-airs-july-16-on-nbc/ |archive-date = July 13, 2010 }}</ref> Walmart's director of brand marketing also serves as co-chair of the ]'s Alliance for Family Entertainment.<ref>{{cite news |last = Stanley |first = T.L. |title = Advertisers earmark $10&nbsp;million for family-friendly TV |url = http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/showtracker/2010/06/advertisers-earmark-10-million-for-familyfriendly-tv.html |newspaper = Los Angeles Times |date = June 22, 2010 |url-status=live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160202175736/http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/showtracker/2010/06/advertisers-earmark-10-million-for-familyfriendly-tv.html |archive-date = February 2, 2016}}</ref>

== Online commerce acquisitions and plans ==

Launched in 2009, Walmart's Marketplace stayed dormant until 2016 when Walmart purchased ] company ], founded in 2014 by ], to start competing with Amazon.com.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.marketplacepulse.com/articles/ten-years-of-walmart-marketplace|title=Ten Years of Walmart Marketplace|website=Marketplace Pulse|date=September 5, 2019|access-date=November 2, 2023|archive-date=November 2, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231102183234/https://www.marketplacepulse.com/articles/ten-years-of-walmart-marketplace|url-status=live}}</ref> Jet.com has acquired its own share of online retailers such as ] in March 2016, Shoebuy.com in December 2016, and ] in March 2017. Walmart also acquired Parcel, a delivery service in New York, on September 29, 2017.<ref name="NYT9162018">{{cite news |first1=Michael |last1=Corkery |title=Walmart Finally Makes It to the Big Apple |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/09/16/business/walmart-jet-nyc.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180916204518/https://www.nytimes.com/2018/09/16/business/walmart-jet-nyc.html |archive-date=September 16, 2018 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |access-date=September 17, 2018 |work=The New York Times |date=September 16, 2018}}</ref><ref name="Walmart91718">{{cite web |title=Walmart Announces the Acquisition of Parcel, a Technology-Based, Same-Day and Last-Mile Delivery Company |url=https://corporate.walmart.com/article/walmart-announces-the-acquisition-of-parcel-a-technology-based-same-day-and-last-mile-delivery-company |website=corporate.walmart.com |date=October 3, 2017 |publisher=Walmart |access-date=September 17, 2018 |archive-date=September 21, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200921101548/https://corporate.walmart.com/article/walmart-announces-the-acquisition-of-parcel-a-technology-based-same-day-and-last-mile-delivery-company |url-status=dead }}</ref>

On February 15, 2017, Walmart acquired ], an online active outdoor retailer, for approximately $51&nbsp;million. Moosejaw brought with it partnerships with more than 400 brands, including ], ], ], and ].<ref>{{cite magazine |url = https://www.forbes.com/sites/lauraheller/2017/02/15/take-that-amazon-walmart-buys-moosejaw-for-51-million/ |title = Take That Amazon: Walmart Buys Moosejaw For $51 Million |last = Heller |first = Laura |access-date = February 22, 2017 |date = February 15, 2017 |magazine = Forbes |url-status=live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170223051021/http://www.forbes.com/sites/lauraheller/2017/02/15/take-that-amazon-walmart-buys-moosejaw-for-51-million/ |archive-date = February 23, 2017}}</ref>

], Walmart's U.S. e-commerce CEO, said that Walmart's existing physical infrastructure of almost 5,000 stores around the U.S. will enhance their digital expansion by doubling as warehouses for e-commerce without increasing overhead.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Nusca|first1=Andrew|title=5 Moves Walmart Is Making to Compete With Amazon and Target|url=http://fortune.com/2017/09/27/5-moves-walmart-is-making-to-compete-with-amazon-and-target/|access-date=December 8, 2017|work=Fortune|date=September 27, 2017|archive-date=December 9, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171209100046/http://fortune.com/2017/09/27/5-moves-walmart-is-making-to-compete-with-amazon-and-target/|url-status=live}}</ref> {{As of|2017|post=,}} Walmart offers in-store pickup for online orders at 1,000 stores with plans to eventually expand the service to all of its stores.<ref> {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171024235435/https://www.wsj.com/articles/wal-mart-takes-aim-at-amazon-1508811540 |date=October 24, 2017 }}, WSJ, published October 23, 2017</ref>

On May 9, 2018, Walmart announced its intent to acquire a 77% controlling stake in the Indian e-commerce website ] for $16&nbsp;billion<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2018/05/09/walmart-agrees-deal-to-buy-a-majority-stake-in-indias-flipkart.html|title=Walmart agrees to a $16 billion deal to buy a majority stake in India's Flipkart|last=Browne|first=Ryan|date=May 9, 2018|publisher=CNBC|access-date=May 28, 2018|archive-date=November 9, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201109032928/https://www.cnbc.com/2018/05/09/walmart-agrees-deal-to-buy-a-majority-stake-in-indias-flipkart.html|url-status=live}}</ref> (beating bids by Amazon.com), subject to regulatory approval. Following its completion, the website's management will report to Marc Lore.<ref name="Walmart-Inc-May-2018-8-K">{{cite web |url=http://edgar.secdatabase.com/859/10416918000038/filing-main.htm |title=Walmart Inc, Form 8-K, Current Report, Filing Date May 9, 2018 |publisher=secdatabase.com |access-date=May 10, 2018 |archive-date=December 18, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201218065827/http://edgar.secdatabase.com/859/10416918000038/filing-main.htm |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/business-44050180|title=Walmart wins battle for India's Flipkart|date=May 9, 2018|work=BBC News|access-date=May 9, 2018|archive-date=November 9, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201109023510/https://www.bbc.com/news/business-44050180|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/small-biz/startups/newsbuzz/walmart-acquires-flipkart-for-16-bn-worlds-largest-ecommerce-deal/articleshow/64095145.cms|title=Walmart acquires Flipkart for $16 bn, world's largest ecommerce deal|date=May 9, 2018|work=The Economic Times|access-date=May 9, 2018|archive-date=November 9, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201109020101/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/small-biz/startups/newsbuzz/walmart-acquires-flipkart-for-16-bn-worlds-largest-ecommerce-deal/articleshow/64095145.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> Completion of the deal was announced on August 18, 2018.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/walmart-completes-deal-to-acquire-77-stake-in-flipkart-to-invest-2-billion/articleshow/65454382.cms|title=Walmart completes deal to acquire 77% stake in Flipkart, to invest $2 billion – Times of India|website=]|date=August 18, 2018|access-date=August 18, 2018|archive-date=November 9, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201109020318/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/walmart-completes-deal-to-acquire-77-stake-in-flipkart-to-invest-2-billion/articleshow/65454382.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>

The company's partnership with subscription service Kidbox was announced on April 16, 2019.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://techcrunch.com/2019/04/16/walmart-partners-with-subscription-based-childrens-clothing-startup-kidbox/|title=Walmart partners with subscription-based children's clothing startup, Kidbox|website=TechCrunch|date=April 16, 2019|access-date=April 22, 2019|archive-date=March 30, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200330072440/https://guce.techcrunch.com/consent?brandType=nonEU&done=https%3A%2F%2Ftechcrunch.com%2F2019%2F04%2F16%2Fwalmart-partners-with-subscription-based-childrens-clothing-startup-kidbox%2F&gcrumb=divf54g%3D|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Corporate affairs ==
], ] in June 2009|alt=An American flag waving above a Walmart sign at the entrance of an office park]]

Walmart is headquartered in the Walmart Home Office complex in ]. The company's ] is based on selling a wide variety of general merchandise at low prices.<ref name="2015 Annual Report Page 19"/> Doug McMillon became Walmart's CEO on February 1, 2014. He has also worked as the head of Sam's Club and Walmart International.<ref name="O'Keefe 15">{{cite news |title = The man who's reinventing Walmart |last1 = O'Keefe |first1 = Brian |url = http://fortune.com/2015/06/04/walmart-ceo-doug-mcmillon/ |magazine = Fortune |date = June 4, 2015 |access-date = July 21, 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150717074806/http://fortune.com/2015/06/04/walmart-ceo-doug-mcmillon/ |archive-date = July 17, 2015}}</ref> The company refers to its employees as "associates". All Walmart stores in the U.S. and Canada also have designated "]" at the entrance, a practice pioneered by Sam Walton and later imitated by other retailers. Greeters are trained to help shoppers find what they want and answer their questions.<ref name="Kendall_Gerald_I">{{cite book |last = Kendall |first = Gerald I. |title = Securing the future: strategies for exponential growth using the theory of constraints. |year = 1998 |publisher = ] |location = Boca Raton, Florida |isbn = 1-57444-197-3 |page = |url = https://archive.org/details/securingfuture00gera_0 |url-access = registration |quote = walmart greeter. |access-date = March 3, 2016 }}</ref>

For many years, associates were identified in the store by their signature blue vest, but this practice was discontinued in June 2007 and replaced with khaki pants and polo shirts. The wardrobe change was part of a larger corporate overhaul to increase sales and rejuvenate the company's stock price.<ref name="replace_blue_vests">{{cite news |title = Wal-Mart Replaces Blue Vests |url = https://abcnews.go.com/GMA/story?id=3288829 |access-date = June 28, 2011 |work = ] |date = June 18, 2007 |url-status=live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120124055431/http://abcnews.go.com/GMA/story?id=3288829 |archive-date = January 24, 2012}}</ref> In September 2014, the uniform was again updated to bring back a vest (paid for by the company) for store employees over the same polos and khaki or black pants paid for by the employee. The vest is navy blue for Walmart employees at Supercenters and discounts stores, lime green for Walmart Neighborhood Market employees, and yellow for self-check-out associates; door greeters, and customer service managers. All three state "Proud Walmart Associate" on the left breast and the "Spark" logo covering the back.<ref>{{cite news |last1 = SANCHEZ |first1 = KARIZZA |title = Walmart Employees Are Pissed About the Company's Swagless New Dress Code |url = http://www.complex.com/style/2014/09/walmart-employees-not-happy-with-new-dress-code |access-date = March 29, 2015 |work = Complex |date = September 2, 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150408004424/http://www.complex.com/style/2014/09/walmart-employees-not-happy-with-new-dress-code |archive-date = April 8, 2015}}</ref> Reportedly one of the main reasons the vest was reintroduced was that some customers had trouble identifying employees.<ref>{{cite news |last1 = Lanning |first1 = Curt |title = Walmart Changes Up Dress Code For Employees |url = http://5newsonline.com/2014/09/05/walmart-changes-up-dress-code-for-employees/ |access-date = March 29, 2015 |work = 5 News Online |publisher = KFSM |date = September 5, 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150111233733/http://5newsonline.com/2014/09/05/walmart-changes-up-dress-code-for-employees/ |archive-date = January 11, 2015}}</ref> In 2016, self-checkout associates, door greeters and customer service managers began wearing a yellow vest to be better seen by customers. By requiring employees to wear uniforms that are made up of standard "streetwear", Walmart is not required to purchase the uniforms or reimburse employees which are required in some states, as long as that clothing can be worn elsewhere. Businesses are only legally required to pay for branded shirts and pants or clothes that would be difficult to wear outside of work.<ref>{{cite news |last1 = Berman |first1 = Jillian |title = Walmart Workers Complain They Can't Afford New Dress Code |url = https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/09/09/walmart-dress-code_n_5792224.html |access-date = March 29, 2015 |work = HuffPost |publisher = TheHuffingtonPost.com, Inc. |date = September 10, 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150403092448/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/09/09/walmart-dress-code_n_5792224.html |archive-date = April 3, 2015}}</ref>

Unlike many other retailers, Walmart does not charge ]s to suppliers for their products to appear in the store.<ref name="nelson">{{cite web |author = Nelson, Emily |url = http://www.columbia.edu/~ss957/media_ref_pages/TooManyChoices.html |title = Too Many Choices – Nine Kinds of Kleenex Tissue, Eggo Waffles in 16 Flavors: Blame Brand Managers |work = The Wall Street Journal |date = April 20, 2001 |access-date = August 1, 2006 |url-status=dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20060503002041/http://www.columbia.edu/~ss957/media_ref_pages/TooManyChoices.html |archive-date = May 3, 2006 }}</ref> Instead, it focuses on selling more-popular products and provides incentives for store managers to drop unpopular products.<ref name="nelson"/>

From 2006 to 2010, the company eliminated its ] program. In 2011, the company revived its layaway program.<ref>Stephanie Clifford, {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200801212203/https://www.nytimes.com/2012/08/21/business/wal-mart-brings-back-layaway.html |date=August 1, 2020 }}, ''The New York Times'' (August 20, 2012).</ref><ref>Stephanie Clifford, {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190903203838/https://www.nytimes.com/2011/09/09/business/wal-mart-to-bring-back-layaway.html |date=September 3, 2019 }}, ''The New York Times'' (September 8, 2011).</ref>

Walmart introduced its Site-To-Store program in 2007, after testing the program since 2004 on a limited basis. The program allows ''walmart.com'' customers to buy goods online with a free shipping option, and have goods shipped to the nearest store for pickup.<ref name="site-to-store">{{cite web |author = McCarthy, Caroline |url = https://www.cnet.com/news/free-shipping-from-walmart-com-with-store-pickup/ |title = Free Shipping from Walmart.com&nbsp;... with Store Pickup |publisher = ] |date = March 6, 2007 |access-date = November 1, 2007 |archive-date = May 20, 2020 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200520060317/https://www.cnet.com/news/free-shipping-from-walmart-com-with-store-pickup/ |url-status = live }}</ref>

On September 15, 2017, Walmart announced that it would build a new headquarters in Bentonville to replace its current 1971 building and consolidate operations that have spread out to 20 different buildings throughout Bentonville.<ref>{{cite web |title = Wal-Mart reveals new headquarter plans |url = http://www.nwaonline.com/news/2017/sep/15/wal-mart-reveals-new-headquarter-plans/ |website = Northwest Arkansas Democrat Gazette |access-date = September 15, 2017 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170915232820/http://www.nwaonline.com/news/2017/sep/15/wal-mart-reveals-new-headquarter-plans/ |archive-date = September 15, 2017 |date = September 15, 2017 }}</ref>

According to ] Documented, in 2020 Walmart contributed $140,000 to the Rule of Law Defense Fund, a fund-raising arm of the Republican Attorneys General Association.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://documented.net/2021/01/republican-attorneys-general-dark-money-group-organized-protest-preceding-capitol-mob-attack/|title=Republican Attorneys General Dark Money Group Organized Protest Preceding Capitol Attack|date=January 7, 2021|access-date=January 11, 2021|publisher=Documented|first=Jamie|last=Corey|archive-date=January 27, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210127222102/https://documented.net/2021/01/republican-attorneys-general-dark-money-group-organized-protest-preceding-capitol-mob-attack/|url-status=live}}</ref>

=== Business trends ===
For the ] ending January 31, 2019, Walmart reported ] of {{US$|6.6&nbsp;billion}} on $514&nbsp;billion of revenue. The company's international operations accounted for $120&nbsp;billion, or 23.7 percent, of its $510&nbsp;billion of sales.<ref name="xbrlus_1" /><ref name="Form10K">{{cite web |title=Wal-Mart Form 10K: Portions of Annual Report to Shareholders |url=https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/104169/000010416915000011/wmtform10-kx13115.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151025155844/http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/104169/000010416915000011/wmtform10-kx13115.htm |archive-date=October 25, 2015 |access-date=December 25, 2015 |publisher=United States Securities and Exchange Commission}}</ref> Walmart is the world's 23rd-largest public corporation, according to the ] list, and the largest public corporation when ranked by revenue.<ref name="forbes_global_2000">{{cite news |date=April 2011 |title=The World's Biggest Public Companies |newspaper=Forbes |url=https://www.forbes.com/global2000/ |url-status=live |access-date=June 28, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110630031717/http://www.forbes.com/global2000/list |archive-date=June 30, 2011}}</ref>

The key trends for Walmart are (as of the financial year ending January 31):<ref>{{Cite web |title=Walmart Investor Relations - Financials Investor Relations > Financials |url=https://stock.walmart.com/financials/annual-reports/default.aspx |access-date=2024-07-21 |website=stock.walmart.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Walmart Fundamentalanalyse {{!}} KGV {{!}} Kennzahlen |url=https://www.boerse.de/fundamental-analyse/Walmart-Aktie/US9311421039 |access-date=2024-07-21 |website=boerse.de |language=de}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable float-left" style="text-align: right;"
|-
! rowspan="2" |Year
!Revenue{{Efn|"Total revenues"}}
!Net Income{{Efn|"Consolidated net income attributable to Walmart"}}
!Total Assets
! rowspan="2" |Employees<br /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Walmart Number of Employees 1985-2023 |url=https://stockanalysis.com/stocks/wmt/employees/ |access-date=November 26, 2023 |website=Stock Analysis |language=en}}</ref>
! rowspan="2" |Stores{{Efn|"total retail units"}}
! rowspan="2" |Sources
|-
! colspan="3" |US$ millions
|-
|1968
|12.6
|0.48
|
|
|24
|<ref name="1972ar">{{cite web |title=1972-Annual Report |url=https://s2.q4cdn.com/056532643/files/doc_financials/1970s/1972-annual-report-for-walmart-stores-inc.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201223081621/http://s2.q4cdn.com/056532643/files/doc_financials/1970s/1972-annual-report-for-walmart-stores-inc.pdf |archive-date=December 23, 2020 |access-date=September 1, 2019 |publisher=Walmart |page=3}}</ref>
|-
|1969
|21.3
|0.60
|
|
|27
|<ref name="1972ar" />
|-
|1970
|30.8
|1.1
|
|1,000
|32
|<ref name="1972ar" />
|-
|1971
|44.2
|1.6
|15.3
|1,500
|38
|<ref name="1972ar2">{{cite web |title=1972-Annual Report |url=https://s2.q4cdn.com/056532643/files/doc_financials/1970s/1972-annual-report-for-walmart-stores-inc.pdf |publisher=Walmart |page=7 |access-date=September 1, 2019 |archive-date=December 23, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201223081621/http://s2.q4cdn.com/056532643/files/doc_financials/1970s/1972-annual-report-for-walmart-stores-inc.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|1972
|78.0
|2.9
|28.4
|2,300
|51
|<ref name="1972ar2" />
|-
|1973
|124
|4.5
|46.2
|3,500
|66
|<ref>{{cite web |title=1973-Annual Report |url=https://stock.walmart.com/files/doc_financials/1970s/1973-annual-report-for-walmart-stores-inc.pdf |publisher=Walmart |pages=4, 8–9 |access-date=December 2, 2018 |archive-date=December 25, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201225152417/https://s2.q4cdn.com/056532643/files/doc_financials/1970s/1973-annual-report-for-walmart-stores-inc.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|-
|1974
|167
|6.1
|60.1
|4,400
|78
|<ref>{{cite web |title=1974-Annual Report |url=https://stock.walmart.com/files/doc_financials/1970s/1974-annual-report-for-walmart-stores-inc.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200922012359/https://s2.q4cdn.com/056532643/files/doc_financials/1970s/1974-annual-report-for-walmart-stores-inc.pdf |archive-date=September 22, 2020 |access-date=December 2, 2018 |publisher=Walmart}}</ref>
|-
|1975
|236
|6.3
|75.2
|5,800
|104
|<ref>{{cite web |title=1975-Annual Report |url=https://stock.walmart.com/files/doc_financials/1970s/1975-annual-report-for-walmart-stores-inc.pdf |publisher=Walmart |access-date=December 2, 2018 |archive-date=December 25, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201225152452/https://s2.q4cdn.com/056532643/files/doc_financials/1970s/1975-annual-report-for-walmart-stores-inc.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|-
|1976
|340
|11.5
|125
|7,500
|125
|<ref>{{cite web |title=1976-Annual Report |url=https://stock.walmart.com/files/doc_financials/1970s/1976-annual-report-for-walmart-stores-inc.pdf |publisher=Walmart |access-date=December 2, 2018 |archive-date=September 21, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200921100626/https://s2.q4cdn.com/056532643/files/doc_financials/1970s/1976-annual-report-for-walmart-stores-inc.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|-
|1977
|478
|16.5
|168
|10,000
|153
|<ref>{{cite web |title=1977-Annual Report |url=https://stock.walmart.com/files/doc_financials/1970s/1977-annual-report-for-walmart-stores-inc.pdf |publisher=Walmart |access-date=December 2, 2018 |archive-date=December 25, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201225152532/https://s2.q4cdn.com/056532643/files/doc_financials/1970s/1977-annual-report-for-walmart-stores-inc.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|-
|1978
|678
|21.8
|251
|14,700
|195
|<ref>{{cite web |title=1978-Annual Report |url=https://stock.walmart.com/files/doc_financials/1970s/1978-annual-report-for-walmart-stores-inc.pdf |publisher=Walmart |access-date=December 2, 2018 |archive-date=July 6, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200706091121/https://s2.q4cdn.com/056532643/files/doc_financials/1970s/1978-annual-report-for-walmart-stores-inc.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|-
|1979
|900
|29.4
|324
|17,500
|229
|<ref>{{cite web |title=1979-Annual Report |url=https://stock.walmart.com/files/doc_financials/1970s/1979-annual-report-for-walmart-stores-inc.pdf |publisher=Walmart |access-date=December 2, 2018 |archive-date=December 25, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201225152707/https://s2.q4cdn.com/056532643/files/doc_financials/1970s/1979-annual-report-for-walmart-stores-inc.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|-
|1980
|1,248
|41.1
|457
|21,000
|276
|<ref>{{cite web |title=1980-Annual Report |url=https://s2.q4cdn.com/056532643/files/doc_financials/1980%27s/1980-annual-report-for-walmart-stores-inc_130199346706999123.pdf |publisher=Walmart |access-date=December 2, 2018 |archive-date=September 22, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200922115636/https://s2.q4cdn.com/056532643/files/doc_financials/1980%27s/1980-annual-report-for-walmart-stores-inc_130199346706999123.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|1981
|1,643
|55.6
|592
|27,000
|330
|<ref>{{cite web |title=1981-Annual Report |url=https://s2.q4cdn.com/056532643/files/doc_financials/1980%27s/1981-annual-report-for-walmart-stores-inc_130199347668773347.pdf |publisher=Walmart |access-date=December 2, 2018 |archive-date=December 16, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201216223921/https://s2.q4cdn.com/056532643/files/doc_financials/1980%27s/1981-annual-report-for-walmart-stores-inc_130199347668773347.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|1982
|2,444
|82.7
|937
|41,000
|491
|<ref>{{cite web |title=1982-Annual Report |url=https://s2.q4cdn.com/056532643/files/doc_financials/1980%27s/1982-annual-report-for-walmart-stores-inc_130199348981657507.pdf |publisher=Walmart |access-date=December 2, 2018 |archive-date=September 22, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200922115230/https://s2.q4cdn.com/056532643/files/doc_financials/1980%27s/1982-annual-report-for-walmart-stores-inc_130199348981657507.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|1983
|3,376
|124
|1,187
|46,000
|551
|<ref>{{cite web |title=1983-Annual Report |url=https://s2.q4cdn.com/056532643/files/doc_financials/1980%27s/1983-annual-report-for-walmart-stores-inc_130199350362191765.pdf |publisher=Walmart |access-date=December 2, 2018 |archive-date=September 22, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200922105004/https://s2.q4cdn.com/056532643/files/doc_financials/1980%27s/1983-annual-report-for-walmart-stores-inc_130199350362191765.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|1984
|4,666
|196
|1,652
|62,000
|645
|<ref>{{cite web |title=1984-Annual Report |url=https://s2.q4cdn.com/056532643/files/doc_financials/1980%27s/1984-annual-report-for-walmart-stores-inc_130199350922812616.pdf |publisher=Walmart |access-date=December 2, 2018 |archive-date=September 22, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200922120843/https://s2.q4cdn.com/056532643/files/doc_financials/1980%27s/1984-annual-report-for-walmart-stores-inc_130199350922812616.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|1985
|6,400
|270
|2,205
|81,000
|758
|<ref>{{cite web |title=1985-Annual Report |url=https://s2.q4cdn.com/056532643/files/doc_financials/1980%27s/1985-annual-report-for-walmart-stores-inc_130199355771201213.pdf |publisher=Walmart |access-date=December 2, 2018 |archive-date=September 22, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200922114641/https://s2.q4cdn.com/056532643/files/doc_financials/1980%27s/1985-annual-report-for-walmart-stores-inc_130199355771201213.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|1986
|8,451
|327
|3,103
|104,000
|887
|<ref>{{cite web |title=1986-Annual Report |url=https://s2.q4cdn.com/056532643/files/doc_financials/1980%27s/1986-annual-report-for-walmart-stores-inc_130199393790144787.pdf |publisher=Walmart |access-date=December 2, 2018 |archive-date=September 22, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200922111946/https://s2.q4cdn.com/056532643/files/doc_financials/1980%27s/1986-annual-report-for-walmart-stores-inc_130199393790144787.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|1987
|11,909
|450
|4,049
|141,000
|1,037
|<ref>{{cite web |title=1987-Annual Report |url=https://s2.q4cdn.com/056532643/files/doc_financials/1980%27s/1987-annual-report-for-walmart-stores-inc_130199394123994168.pdf |publisher=Walmart |access-date=December 2, 2018 |archive-date=September 22, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200922112736/https://s2.q4cdn.com/056532643/files/doc_financials/1980%27s/1987-annual-report-for-walmart-stores-inc_130199394123994168.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|1988
|15,959
|627
|5,131
|183,000
|1,215
|<ref>{{cite web |title=1988-Annual Report |url=https://s2.q4cdn.com/056532643/files/doc_financials/1980%27s/1988-annual-report-for-walmart-stores-inc_130199394950449861.pdf |publisher=Walmart |access-date=December 2, 2018 |archive-date=June 17, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200617121116/https://s2.q4cdn.com/056532643/files/doc_financials/1980%27s/1988-annual-report-for-walmart-stores-inc_130199394950449861.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|1989
|20,649
|837
|6,359
|223,000
|1,381
|<ref>{{cite web |title=1989-Annual Report |url=https://s2.q4cdn.com/056532643/files/doc_financials/1980%27s/1989-annual-report-for-walmart-stores-inc_130199395263663916.pdf |publisher=Walmart |access-date=December 2, 2018 |archive-date=June 17, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200617125752/https://s2.q4cdn.com/056532643/files/doc_financials/1980%27s/1989-annual-report-for-walmart-stores-inc_130199395263663916.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
!
! colspan="3" text-align="center" |US$ billions
! colspan="3" |
|-
|1990
|25.8
|1.0
|8.1
|275,000
|1,528
|<ref>{{cite web |title=1990-Annual Report |url=https://s2.q4cdn.com/056532643/files/doc_financials/1990/1990-annual-report-for-walmart-stores-inc_130199433401813051.pdf |publisher=Walmart |access-date=December 2, 2018 |archive-date=September 22, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200922121306/https://s2.q4cdn.com/056532643/files/doc_financials/1990/1990-annual-report-for-walmart-stores-inc_130199433401813051.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|1991
|32.6
|1.2
|11.3
|328,000
|1,725
|<ref>{{cite web |title=1991-Annual Report |url=https://s2.q4cdn.com/056532643/files/doc_financials/1991/1991-annual-report-for-walmart-stores-inc_130199433717905777.pdf |publisher=Walmart |access-date=December 2, 2018 |archive-date=September 22, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200922121503/https://s2.q4cdn.com/056532643/files/doc_financials/1991/1991-annual-report-for-walmart-stores-inc_130199433717905777.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|1992
|43.8
|1.6
|15.4
|371,000
|1,930
|<ref>{{cite web |title=1992-Annual Report |url=https://s2.q4cdn.com/056532643/files/doc_financials/1992/1992_130199446777132719.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200922110555/https://s2.q4cdn.com/056532643/files/doc_financials/1992/1992_130199446777132719.pdf |archive-date=September 22, 2020 |access-date=December 2, 2018 |publisher=Walmart}}</ref>
|-
|1993
|55.4
|1.9
|20.5
|434,000
|2,136
|<ref>{{cite web |title=1993-Annual Report |url=https://s2.q4cdn.com/056532643/files/doc_financials/1993/1993-annual-report-for-walmart-stores-inc_130199450994648281.pdf |publisher=Walmart |access-date=December 2, 2018 |archive-date=September 22, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200922121225/https://s2.q4cdn.com/056532643/files/doc_financials/1993/1993-annual-report-for-walmart-stores-inc_130199450994648281.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|1994
|67.3
|2.3
|26.4
|528,000
|2,463
|<ref>{{cite web |title=1994-Annual Report |url=https://s2.q4cdn.com/056532643/files/doc_financials/1994/1994-annual-report-for-walmart-stores-inc_130199451433392011-(1).pdf |publisher=Walmart |access-date=December 2, 2018 |archive-date=December 16, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201216223921/https://s2.q4cdn.com/056532643/files/doc_financials/1994/1994-annual-report-for-walmart-stores-inc_130199451433392011-(1).pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|1995
|82.4
|2.6
|32.8
|622,000
|2,872
|<ref>{{cite web |title=1995-Annual Report |url=https://s2.q4cdn.com/056532643/files/doc_financials/1995/1995-annual-report-for-walmart-stores-inc_130199451776663969.pdf |publisher=Walmart |access-date=December 2, 2018 |archive-date=December 3, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181203055529/https://s2.q4cdn.com/056532643/files/doc_financials/1995/1995-annual-report-for-walmart-stores-inc_130199451776663969.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|1996
|93.6
|2.7
|37.5
|675,000
|3,106
|<ref>{{cite web |title=1996-Annual Report |url=https://s2.q4cdn.com/056532643/files/doc_financials/1996/1996-annual-report-for-walmart-stores-inc_130199454711327644.pdf |publisher=Walmart |access-date=December 2, 2018 |archive-date=December 16, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201216223921/https://s2.q4cdn.com/056532643/files/doc_financials/1996/1996-annual-report-for-walmart-stores-inc_130199454711327644.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|1997
|104
|3.0
|39.6
|728,000
|3,117
|<ref>{{cite web |title=1997-Annual Report |url=https://s2.q4cdn.com/056532643/files/doc_financials/1997/1997-annual-report-for-walmart-stores-inc_130199458105727493.pdf |publisher=Walmart |access-date=December 2, 2018 |archive-date=September 22, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200922121312/https://s2.q4cdn.com/056532643/files/doc_financials/1997/1997-annual-report-for-walmart-stores-inc_130199458105727493.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|1998
|117
|3.5
|45.3
|825,000
|3,406
|<ref>{{cite web |title=1998-Annual Report |url=https://s2.q4cdn.com/056532643/files/doc_financials/1998/1998-annual-report-for-walmart-stores-inc_130199459510258743.pdf |publisher=Walmart |access-date=December 2, 2018 |archive-date=September 22, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200922115122/https://s2.q4cdn.com/056532643/files/doc_financials/1998/1998-annual-report-for-walmart-stores-inc_130199459510258743.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|1999
|137
|4.4
|49.9
|910,000
|3,600
|<ref>{{cite web |title=1999-Annual Report |url=https://s2.q4cdn.com/056532643/files/doc_financials/1999/1999-annual-report-for-walmart-stores-inc_130199459840185623.pdf |publisher=Walmart |access-date=December 2, 2018 |archive-date=September 22, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200922121300/https://s2.q4cdn.com/056532643/files/doc_financials/1999/1999-annual-report-for-walmart-stores-inc_130199459840185623.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|2000
|165
|5.3
|70.3
|1,140,000
|3,662
|<ref name=":4">{{Cite web|url=http://s2.q4cdn.com/056532643/files/doc_financials/2001/2001-annual-report-for-walmart-stores-inc_130202938087042153.pdf|title=2001 Annual Report|access-date=November 18, 2018|archive-date=September 13, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200913041548/https://s2.q4cdn.com/056532643/files/doc_financials/2001/2001-annual-report-for-walmart-stores-inc_130202938087042153.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|2001
|191
|6.2
|78.1
|1,244,000
|4,189
|<ref name=":4" />
|-
|2002
|204
|6.5
|81.5
|1,383,000
|4,414
|<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|url=http://s2.q4cdn.com/056532643/files/doc_financials/2004/2004-annual-report-for-walmart-stores-inc_130202964084718876.pdf|title=2004 Annual Report|access-date=November 18, 2018|archive-date=September 21, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200921011147/http://s2.q4cdn.com/056532643/files/doc_financials/2004/2004-annual-report-for-walmart-stores-inc_130202964084718876.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|2003
|229
|7.9
|92.9
|1,400,000
|4,688
|<ref name=":3" />
|-
|2004
|256
|9.0
|104
|1,500,000
|4,906
|<ref name=":3" />
|-
|2005
|284
|10.2
|120
|1,700,000
|5,289
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://s2.q4cdn.com/056532643/files/doc_financials/2005/2005-annual-report-for-walmart-stores-inc_130202966828901734.pdf|title=2005 Annual Report|access-date=November 18, 2018|archive-date=September 22, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200922114714/http://s2.q4cdn.com/056532643/files/doc_financials/2005/2005-annual-report-for-walmart-stores-inc_130202966828901734.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|2006
|312
|11.2
|138
|1,800,000
|6,141
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://s2.q4cdn.com/056532643/files/doc_financials/2006/2006-annual-report-for-walmart-stores-inc_130202970623985117.pdf|title=2006 Annual Report|access-date=November 18, 2018|archive-date=September 22, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200922120058/http://s2.q4cdn.com/056532643/files/doc_financials/2006/2006-annual-report-for-walmart-stores-inc_130202970623985117.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|2007
|348
|11.2
|151
|1,900,000
|6,779
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://s2.q4cdn.com/056532643/files/doc_financials/2007/2007-annual-report-for-walmart-stores-inc_130221018733842956.pdf|title=2007 Annual Report|access-date=November 18, 2018|archive-date=September 22, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200922110829/http://s2.q4cdn.com/056532643/files/doc_financials/2007/2007-annual-report-for-walmart-stores-inc_130221018733842956.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|2008
|377
|12.7
|163
|2,100,000
|7,262
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://s2.q4cdn.com/056532643/files/doc_financials/2008/2008-annual-report-for-walmart-stores-inc_130221019979211599.pdf|title=2008 Annual Report|access-date=November 18, 2018|archive-date=September 22, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200922121417/http://s2.q4cdn.com/056532643/files/doc_financials/2008/2008-annual-report-for-walmart-stores-inc_130221019979211599.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|2009
|404
|13.3
|163
|2,100,000
|7,870
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://s2.q4cdn.com/056532643/files/doc_financials/2009/Annual/2009-annual-report-for-walmart-stores-inc_130221020968947561.pdf|title=2009 Annual Report|access-date=November 18, 2018|archive-date=September 22, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200922121243/http://s2.q4cdn.com/056532643/files/doc_financials/2009/Annual/2009-annual-report-for-walmart-stores-inc_130221020968947561.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|2010
|408
|14.3
|170
|2,100,000
|8,416
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://s2.q4cdn.com/056532643/files/doc_financials/2010/Annual/2010-annual-report-for-walmart-stores-inc_130221021765802161.pdf|title=2010 Annual Report|access-date=November 18, 2018|archive-date=September 22, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200922121103/http://s2.q4cdn.com/056532643/files/doc_financials/2010/Annual/2010-annual-report-for-walmart-stores-inc_130221021765802161.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|2011
|421
|16.3
|180
|2,100,000
|8,970
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://s2.q4cdn.com/056532643/files/doc_financials/2011/Annual/2011-annual-report-for-walmart-stores-inc_130221022810084579.pdf|title=2011 Annual Report|access-date=November 18, 2018|archive-date=December 16, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201216223921/http://s2.q4cdn.com/056532643/files/doc_financials/2011/Annual/2011-annual-report-for-walmart-stores-inc_130221022810084579.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|2012
|446
|15.6
|193
|2,200,000
|10,130
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://s2.q4cdn.com/056532643/files/doc_financials/2012/Annual/2012-annual-report-for-walmart-stores-inc_130221023846998881.pdf|title=2012 Annual Report|access-date=November 18, 2018|archive-date=September 22, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200922121620/http://s2.q4cdn.com/056532643/files/doc_financials/2012/Annual/2012-annual-report-for-walmart-stores-inc_130221023846998881.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|2013
|468
|16.9
|203
|2,200,000
|10,773
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://s2.q4cdn.com/056532643/files/doc_financials/2013/Annual/2013-annual-report-for-walmart-stores-inc_130221024708579502.pdf|title=2013 Annual Report|access-date=November 18, 2018|archive-date=September 22, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200922120641/http://s2.q4cdn.com/056532643/files/doc_financials/2013/Annual/2013-annual-report-for-walmart-stores-inc_130221024708579502.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|2014
|476
|16.0
|204
|2,200,000
|10,942
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://s2.q4cdn.com/056532643/files/doc_financials/2014/Annual/2014-annual-report.pdf|title=2014 Annual Report|access-date=November 18, 2018|archive-date=September 22, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200922121602/http://s2.q4cdn.com/056532643/files/doc_financials/2014/Annual/2014-annual-report.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|2015
|485
|16.3
|203
|2,200,000
|11,453
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://s2.q4cdn.com/056532643/files/doc_financials/2015/annual/2015-annual-report.pdf|title=2015 Annual Report|access-date=November 18, 2018|archive-date=November 12, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112043209/http://s2.q4cdn.com/056532643/files/doc_financials/2015/annual/2015-annual-report.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|2016
|482
|14.6
|199
|2,300,000
|11,528
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://s2.q4cdn.com/056532643/files/doc_financials/2016/annual/2016-Annual-Report-PDF.pdf|title=2016 Annual Report|access-date=May 10, 2016|archive-date=June 2, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160602123325/http://s2.q4cdn.com/056532643/files/doc_financials/2016/annual/2016-Annual-Report-PDF.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|2017
|485
|13.6
|198
|2,300,000
|11,695
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://s2.q4cdn.com/056532643/files/doc_financials/2017/Annual/WMT_2017_AR-(1).pdf|title=2017 Annual Report|access-date=November 18, 2018|archive-date=February 5, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180205194909/http://s2.q4cdn.com/056532643/files/doc_financials/2017/Annual/WMT_2017_AR-(1).pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|2018
|500
|9.8
|204
|2,300,000
|11,718
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://s2.q4cdn.com/056532643/files/doc_financials/2018/annual/WMT-2018_Annual-Report.pdf|title=2018 Annual Report|access-date=April 26, 2018|archive-date=November 17, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201117081929/https://s2.q4cdn.com/056532643/files/doc_financials/2018/annual/WMT-2018_Annual-Report.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|2019
|514
|6.6
|219
|2,200,000
|11,361
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://s2.q4cdn.com/056532643/files/doc_financials/2019/annual/Walmart-2019-AR-Final.pdf|title=2019 Annual Report|access-date=January 25, 2020|archive-date=November 11, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201111225048/https://s2.q4cdn.com/056532643/files/doc_financials/2019/annual/Walmart-2019-AR-Final.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|2020
|523
|14.8
|236
|2,200,000
|11,501
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=2020 Annual Report|url=https://corporate.walmart.com/media-library/document/2020-walmart-annual-report/_proxyDocument?id=00000171-a3ea-dfc0-af71-b3fea8490000|access-date=April 7, 2021|archive-date=April 11, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210411121026/https://corporate.walmart.com/media-library/document/2020-walmart-annual-report/_proxyDocument?id=00000171-a3ea-dfc0-af71-b3fea8490000|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
|2021
|559
|13.5
|252
|2,300,000
|11,443
|<ref name="Unit Counts & Square Footage" />
|-
|2022
|572
|13.6
|244
|2,300,000
|10,593
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Walmart Annual Report 2022 |url=https://s201.q4cdn.com/262069030/files/doc_financials/2022/ar/WMT-FY2022-Annual-Report.pdf |website=Walmart}}</ref>
|-
|2023
|611
|11.6
|243
|2,100,000
|10,623
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Walmart Annual Report 2023 |url=https://s201.q4cdn.com/262069030/files/doc_financials/2023/ar/Walmart-10K-Reports-Optimized.pdf |website=Walmart}}</ref>
|-
|2024
|648
|15.5
|252
|2,100,000
|10,616
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=How many people work at Walmart? |url=https://corporate.walmart.com/askwalmart/how-many-people-work-at-walmart |access-date=2024-07-21 |website=How many people work at Walmart?}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=15 Mar 2024 |title=Walmart Annual Report 2024 |url=https://s201.q4cdn.com/262069030/files/doc_financials/2024/ar/2024-annual-report-pdf-final-final.pdf |website=Walmart}}</ref>
|}

=== Governance ===
Walmart is governed by an eleven-member board of directors elected annually by ]s. ], son-in-law of ] and the grandson-in-law of Sam Walton, serves as ] of the board. Doug McMillon serves as president and chief executive officer. Current members of the board are:<ref>{{Cite web |title=Board of Directors |url=https://corporate.walmart.com/about/board-of-directors |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220703052556/https://corporate.walmart.com/about/board-of-directors |archive-date=July 3, 2022 |access-date=June 26, 2022 |website=Corporate – US |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name="Form10K" /><ref name="Sorkin_Rusli">{{cite news |last=Sorkin, Andrew R. |author2=Rusli, Evelyn M. |date=July 16, 2012 |title=A Yahoo Search Calls Up a Chief From Google. |newspaper=The New York Times |url=https://dealbook.nytimes.com/2012/07/16/googles-marissa-mayer-tapped-as-yahoos-chief/ |url-status=live |access-date=July 20, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120720011353/http://dealbook.nytimes.com/2012/07/16/googles-marissa-mayer-tapped-as-yahoos-chief/ |archive-date=July 20, 2012}}</ref>
* Gregory B. Penner, chairman of the board of directors of Walmart Inc. and general partner of Madrone Capital Partners
* ], chairman of ] and ]
* Timothy P. Flynn, retired CEO of ]
* ], CFO of ]
* Carla A. Harris, Vice-chairman of Wealth Management, head of multicultural client strategy, managing director, and senior client advisor at ]
* ], senior advisor at ], and retired chairman and CEO of ]
* ], co-founder of Lumi Labs, Inc., and former president and CEO of ]
* Doug McMillon, president and CEO of Walmart
* Bob Moritz, retired chairman of ]
* ], chairman and CEO of ]
* ], retired chairman and CEO of ]
* S. Robson "Rob" Walton, retired chairman of the board of directors of Walmart Inc.
* ], founder of RZC Investments, LLC.

Notable former members of the board include ] (1985–1992)<ref>{{cite web |author=Harkavy, Ward |date=May 24, 2000 |title=Wal-Mart's First Lady |url=http://www.villagevoice.com/news/0021,harkavy,15052,5.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050301202725/http://www.villagevoice.com/news/0021%2Charkavy%2C15052%2C5.html |archive-date=March 1, 2005 |access-date=August 3, 2006 |work=]}}</ref> and ] (2003–2004), the latter having served as vice chairman. Clinton left the board before the ], and Coughlin left in December 2005 after pleading guilty to wire fraud and tax evasion for stealing hundreds of thousands of dollars from Walmart.<ref>{{cite news |author=Boulden, Jennifer |date=January 31, 2006 |title=Wal-Mart Former Vice Chairman Coughlin Admits Fraud |magazine=Bloomberg |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=10000087&sid=a574eQ1zemuk&refer=top_world_news |url-status=dead |access-date=August 3, 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080712173022/http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=10000087&sid=a574eQ1zemuk&refer=top_world_news |archive-date=July 12, 2008}}</ref>

After Sam Walton's death in 1992, ], Chief Operating Officer and Senior Vice Chairman, became known as the "Keeper of the Culture".<ref name="Soderquist_Donald">{{Cite book |author=Soderquist, Donald |url=https://archive.org/details/walmartwayinside00sode |title=The Wal-mart Way: The Inside Story of the Success of the World's Largest Company |date=April 19, 2005 |publisher=] |isbn=978-0-7852-6119-3 |edition=2nd}}</ref>

=== Ownership ===
Walmart Inc. is a ] ] registered with the ], with its ] located in ]'s ] in ]. {{As of|2017|March|df=US|post=,}}<ref>{{Cite web |url = https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/217476/999999999717001550/9999999997-17-001550-index.htm |title = No Action Letter 2017 |last = WALMART STORES |website = SEC Edgar |url-status=live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170305115038/https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/217476/999999999717001550/9999999997-17-001550-index.htm |archive-date = March 5, 2017}}</ref> it has 3,292,377,090 outstanding shares. These are held mainly by the ], a number of ] and ].<ref name="WALMART – DEF 14A"/><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://finance.yahoo.com/quote/WMT/holders?p=WMT|title=WMT Major Holders {{!}} Insider Transactions {{!}} Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. Stock – Yahoo Finance|publisher=Yahoo! Finance|access-date=March 4, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170305115223/https://finance.yahoo.com/quote/WMT/holders?p=WMT|archive-date=March 5, 2017}}</ref>
* 43.00% (1,415,891,131): ] LLC
* 5.30% (174,563,205): ] Holdings Trust<ref>{{Cite web |url = http://s2.q4cdn.com/056532643/files/doc_financials/2016/annual/Proxy-Statement.pdf?p=75 |title = 2016 Notice of Annual Shareholders' Meeting and Proxy Statement |last = Walmart |date = June 3, 2016 |page = 75 |access-date = March 5, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170306131032/http://s2.q4cdn.com/056532643/files/doc_financials/2016/annual/Proxy-Statement.pdf?p=75 |archive-date = March 6, 2017}}</ref>
* 3.32% (102,036,399): ], Inc
* 2.37% (72,714,226): ]
* 1.37% (42,171,892): ] Institutional Trust Company
* 0.94% (28,831,721): ] Total Stock Market Index Fund
* 0.77% (23,614,578): ] Fund Advisors
* 0.71% (21,769,126): ] Inc
* 0.68% (20,978,727): ] 500 Index Fund
* 0.65% (20,125,838): ] Corporation
* 0.57% (17,571,058): ] Corporation
* 0.57% (17,556,128): ] Corporation
* 0.55% (16,818,165): ] Institutional Index Fund-Institutional Index Fund
* 0.55% (16,800,850): ] Mutual Automobile Insurance Co
* 0.52% (15,989,827): ] S&P 500 ETF Trust

=== Competition ===
In North America, Walmart's primary competitors include ]s and ]s like ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ] and ] in the United States; ], ], ], ], and ] in Canada; and ] and ] in Mexico. Competitors of Walmart's Sam's Club division are ] and the smaller ] chain. Walmart's move into the grocery business in the late 1990s set it against major supermarket chains in both the United States and Canada.<ref name="Stilgoe"/> Studies have typically found that Walmart's prices are significantly lower than those of their competitors, and that Walmart's presence is associated with lower food prices for households. Comparisons of performance metrics such as sales per square foot suggest that supermarkets in direct competition with Walmart Supercenters show significant decreases in profit margins, an effect that is strongest in the case of unionized competitors. Between 2000 and 2010, Walmart's entry into new areas often lowered local food prices at other stores. However, recent studies have not found the same effect, suggesting that retailers may have changed their competitive strategies.<ref name="Volpe"/>

While the idea that Walmart destroys small businesses is widely assumed to be true, research so far suggests that Walmart superstores have little effect on smaller retailers such as "Mom and Pop" businesses. Differences in impact appear to be specific to the goods sold. Small retailers may experience difficulty if they rely on selling products identical to those at Walmart or if they try to sell at lower prices.<ref name="Volpe"/>
] such as ] and ] have been able to find a small niche market and compete successfully against Walmart.<ref name="Stilgoe">{{cite news |author = Stilgoe, John |url = https://www.boston.com/news/local/massachusetts/articles/2003/11/23/wal_mart_giant_can_be_tamed |title = Wal-Mart Giant Can Be Tamed |work = The Boston Globe |date = November 23, 2003 |access-date = January 11, 2006 |url-status=live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070328010529/http://www.boston.com/news/local/massachusetts/articles/2003/11/23/wal_mart_giant_can_be_tamed/ |archive-date = March 28, 2007}}</ref> In 2004, Walmart responded by testing its own dollar store concept, a subsection of some stores called "Pennies-n-Cents".<ref>{{cite web |author = Berner, Robert |url = http://www.businessweek.com/magazine/content/04_19/b3882086.htm |title = Out-Discounting the Discounter |work = Bloomberg BusinessWeek |date = May 10, 2004 |url-status=dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120629083316/http://www.businessweek.com/magazine/content/04_19/b3882086.htm |archive-date = June 29, 2012 }}</ref><ref name="Volpe"/>

Walmart also had to face fierce competition in some foreign markets. For example, in Germany it had captured just 2&nbsp;percent of the German food market following its entry into the market in 1997 and remained "a secondary player" behind ] with 19&nbsp;percent.<ref name="Struggling In Germany">{{cite web |author = Ewing, Jack |url = http://www.businessweek.com/magazine/content/05_15/b3928086_mz054.htm |title = Wal-Mart: Struggling in Germany |work = Bloomberg BusinessWeek |date = April 11, 2005 |access-date = July 27, 2006 |url-status=dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20060813111855/http://www.businessweek.com/magazine/content/05_15/b3928086_mz054.htm |archive-date = August 13, 2006 }}</ref>

In May 2006, after entering the South Korean market in 1998, Walmart sold all 16&nbsp;of its South Korean outlets to ], a local retailer, for {{US$|882&nbsp;million}}. Shinsegae re-branded the Walmarts as ] stores.<ref name="NYT_wmt_skorea">{{cite news |author = Sang-Hun, Choe |url = https://www.nytimes.com/2006/05/23/business/worldbusiness/23shop.html |title = Wal-Mart Selling Stores and Leaving South Korea |work = The New York Times |date = May 23, 2006 |access-date = December 2, 2007 |url-status=live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090424182423/http://www.nytimes.com/2006/05/23/business/worldbusiness/23shop.html |archive-date = April 24, 2009}}</ref>

Walmart struggled to export its brand elsewhere as it rigidly tried to reproduce its model overseas. In China, Walmart hopes to succeed by adapting and doing things preferable to Chinese citizens. For example, it found that Chinese consumers preferred to select their own live fish and seafood; stores began displaying the meat uncovered and installed fish tanks, leading to higher sales.<ref name="China_reinvent">{{cite web |url = http://www.industryleadersmagazine.com/walmart-low-prices-big-numbers/ |title = Walmart: Low Prices, Big Numbers |publisher = IndustryLeaders |access-date = December 16, 2012 |author = Ann, Carrie |date = December 24, 2011 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20121113203758/http://www.industryleadersmagazine.com/walmart-low-prices-big-numbers/ |archive-date = November 13, 2012 |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== Customer base ===
]
In the United States, Walmart's early growth occurred in the Southeast and lower Midwest. More recently, Walmart has expanded throughout the country. The number of Walmart stores per 1,000 people in 2019 was highest in Arkansas, Oklahoma, Louisiana, Alabama and Kansas, and lowest in Hawaii, California, New Jersey, Massachusetts and New York. California and New Jersey were two of the ten states with the largest increases in Supercenters between 2011 and 2020, along with Pennsylvania, Illinois, and Wisconsin.<ref name="Volpe"/>

Walmart customers display strong customer loyalty<ref name="Dominick"/> and cite low prices as the most important reason for shopping there. Walmart has characterized their shoppers as falling into three main groups: "value-price shoppers" (people who like low prices and cannot afford much more), "brand aspirationals" (people with low incomes who buy well-known brands in hopes of assuring quality), and "price-sensitive affluents" (wealthier shoppers who seek deals).<ref name="nytmorethanprice">{{cite news |author = Barbaro, Michael |url = https://www.nytimes.com/2007/03/02/business/02walmart.html |title = It's Not Only about Price at Wal-Mart |work = The New York Times |date = March 2, 2007 |access-date = April 3, 2007 |url-status=live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080307092045/http://www.nytimes.com/2007/03/02/business/02walmart.html |archive-date = March 7, 2008}}</ref> {{As of|2022}} the average U.S. Walmart customer earned about $80,000 per year,<ref name="Dominick">{{cite news |last1=Reuter |first1=Dominick |title=Meet the typical Walmart shopper, a 59-year-old white suburban woman earning $80,000 a year |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/typical-walmart-shopper-demographic-white-woman-earning-middle-income-2021-7 |access-date=October 13, 2022 |work=Business Insider |date=January 17, 2022 |archive-date=October 13, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221013141403/https://www.businessinsider.com/typical-walmart-shopper-demographic-white-woman-earning-middle-income-2021-7 |url-status=live }}</ref> above the U.S. average personal income of $63,214.<ref name="Flynn">{{cite web |last1=Flynn |date=April 5, 2022 |first1=Jack |title=Average American Income : Statistics On Household + Personal Income In The US – Zippia |url=https://www.zippia.com/advice/average-american-income/ |website=Zippia.com. |access-date=October 13, 2022 |language=en |archive-date=October 13, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221013141406/https://www.zippia.com/advice/average-american-income/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Walmart reports that during times of rising inflation, customers become more sensitive to rising food prices, buying less expensive food items such as hot dogs and canned tuna rather than deli cold cuts. They also see more upper-income shoppers looking for bargains.<ref name="Horsley">{{cite news |last1=Horsley |first1=Scott |title=Walmart says inflation is helping it to attract more upper-income shoppers |url=https://www.wunc.org/2022-08-17/walmart-says-inflation-is-helping-it-to-attract-more-upper-income-shoppers |access-date=October 13, 2022 |work=WUNC/NPR |date=August 17, 2022 |language=en |archive-date=October 13, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221013151421/https://www.wunc.org/2022-08-17/walmart-says-inflation-is-helping-it-to-attract-more-upper-income-shoppers |url-status=live }}</ref>

Walmart shoppers have been reported to be politically conservative. A poll after the ] reported that 76&nbsp;percent of voters who shopped at Walmart once a week reported voting for ] while only 23 percent supported senator ].<ref name="zogbypoll">{{cite news |url = http://staugustine.com/news/local-news/2012-11-23-4#.UM1ok-Oe9uo |title = Group protests at local Walmart |access-date = December 16, 2012 |author = Gardner, Sheldon |work = The St. Augustine Record |url-status=live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20121201145953/http://staugustine.com/news/local-news/2012-11-23-4#.UM1ok-Oe9uo |archive-date = December 1, 2012}}</ref> When measured against similar retailers in the U.S. in 2006, frequent Walmart shoppers were rated the most politically ].<ref>{{cite news |author = Birchall, Jonathan |author2 = Yeager, Holly |title = A Purchase on Psephology |newspaper = Financial Times |date = August 17, 2006 |page = 9 |edition = US }}</ref> {{As of|2014}} 54&nbsp;percent of Americans who preferred to shop at Walmart reported that they opposed ], while 40 percent were in favor, reflecting the store's southern roots.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://publicreligion.org/2014/08/targets-support-for-same-sex-marriage-mirrors-customers-views/ |title = Target's Support for Same-sex Marriage Mirrors Customers' Views |last = Cox |first = Daniel |date = August 7, 2014 |publisher = Public Religion Research Institute |access-date = August 15, 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140812090145/http://publicreligion.org/2014/08/targets-support-for-same-sex-marriage-mirrors-customers-views/ |archive-date = August 12, 2014}}</ref>

Due to its concentration of stores in the ], Walmart is known for its "tradition of tailoring its service to churchgoing customers".<ref name="Sellers"/> Walmart has carried ] of hip-hop ] and in cooperation with ], placed "plastic sheathes over suggestive women's periodicals and banned 'lad mags' such as ]" magazine.<ref name="Sellers">{{cite magazine |url = http://www.christianitytoday.com/ct/2005/may/17.40.html |title = Deliver Us from Wal-Mart? |last = Sellers |first = Jeff M. |date = April 22, 2005 |magazine = ] |access-date = April 13, 2014 |quote = Indeed, based in the Bible Belt town of Bentonville, Arkansas, Wal-Mart has a tradition of tailoring its service to churchgoing customers. It sells only the sanitized versions of hip-hop cds bearing warnings of objectionable content. Responding to a campaign by the largest evangelical mutual fund group, The Timothy Plan, to keep Cosmopolitan magazine covers out of view of Wal-Mart customers, the company slapped plastic sheathes over suggestive women's periodicals and banned "lad mags" such as Maxim. |url-status=live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140107233259/http://www.christianitytoday.com/ct/2005/may/17.40.html |archive-date = January 7, 2014}}</ref> Walmart also caters to its Christian customer base by selling ],<ref name="Gilgoff">{{cite news |url = http://religion.blogs.cnn.com/2012/07/24/7-religious-companies-besides-chick-fil-a/ |title = 9 religious companies (besides Chick-fil-A) |last = Gilgoff |first = Dan |date = July 24, 2012 |publisher = CNN |access-date = April 13, 2014 |quote = Walmart long carries the kind of Christian books that were once the exclusive province of Christian bookstores. |url-status=dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140205051508/http://religion.blogs.cnn.com/2012/07/24/7-religious-companies-besides-chick-fil-a/ |archive-date = February 5, 2014}}</ref> such as ] videos and ], earning the company over {{US$|1&nbsp;billion}} annually.<ref name="Collidge">{{cite magazine |url = https://www.forbes.com/2003/09/15/cz_cc_0915wmt.html |title = David Vs. Goliath |last = Coolidge |first = Carrie |date = September 15, 2012 |magazine = Forbes |access-date = April 13, 2014 |quote = Wal-Mart Stores has seen the light. The world's biggest retailer has discovered Christian-themed merchandise is one of the fastest-growing categories around. With offerings ranging from best-selling books and videos including The Purpose Driven Life and Veggie Tales, Wal-Mart's annual sales from Christian-themed merchandise, which is estimated to already exceed $1 billion annually, is growing at a rapid pace. On a company-wide basis, Wal-Mart now offers 550 different Christian music titles and more than 1,200 Christian book titles. |url-status=live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140413140729/http://www.forbes.com/2003/09/15/cz_cc_0915wmt.html |archive-date = April 13, 2014}}</ref><ref name="Sellers2">{{cite magazine |url = http://www.christianitytoday.com/ct/2005/may/17.40.html |title = Deliver Us from Wal-Mart? |last = Sellers |first = Jeff M. |date = April 22, 2005 |magazine = Christianity Today |access-date = April 13, 2014 |quote = In addition, according to Forbes magazine, Wal-Mart has become the largest retailer of Christian-themed merchandise, with well over $1 billion in sales of such items as VeggieTales videos and The Purpose-Driven Life books. |url-status=live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140107233259/http://www.christianitytoday.com/ct/2005/may/17.40.html |archive-date = January 7, 2014}}</ref>

In 2006, Walmart took steps to expand its U.S. customer base, announcing a modification in its U.S. stores from a "one-size-fits-all" merchandising strategy to one designed to "reflect each of six demographic groups—African-Americans, the affluent, empty-nesters, Hispanics, suburbanites, and rural residents".<ref name="Reuters 06">{{cite news |title = Report: Wal-Mart to adopt new custom-fit retail approach |url = https://www.foxnews.com/story/report-wal-mart-to-adopt-new-custom-fit-retail-approach |agency = Reuters |date = September 7, 2006 |access-date = February 28, 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160307033321/http://www.foxnews.com/story/2006/09/07/report-wal-mart-to-adopt-new-custom-fit-retail-approach.html |archive-date = March 7, 2016}}</ref> Around six months later, it unveiled a new slogan:'' "Saving people money so they can live better lives"''.<ref name="nytmorethanprice"/>

Walmart has also made steps to appeal to more ] customers, for example, by rejecting the ]'s recommendations and carrying the DVD '']'', a love story between two gay cowboys in Wyoming.<ref name="brokeback">{{cite web |url = https://www.imdb.com/news/sb/2006-04-04/ |title = Wal-Mart Hit by 'Brokeback' Protest |publisher = IMDb |access-date = December 8, 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070321212405/http://www.imdb.com/news/sb/2006-04-04 |archive-date = March 21, 2007 }}</ref>

===Sales of guns and ammunition===
Walmart stopped selling handguns in all U.S. states, except for ], in 1993.<ref name="Bhattarai">Abha Bhattarai, {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201119115916/https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/2019/09/03/status-quo-is-unacceptable-walmart-will-stop-selling-some-ammunition-exit-handgun-market/ |date=November 19, 2020 }}, ''The Washington Post'' (September 3, 2019).</ref>

In 2018, Walmart stopped selling guns and ammunition to persons younger than 21, following a similar move by ] on the same day.<ref name="Curbs">{{Cite web|url=https://www.npr.org/2019/09/03/757170753/walmart-curbs-ammunition-sales-calls-for-stronger-background-checks|title=Walmart Curbs Ammunition Sales, Calls For Stronger Background Checks|work=Morning Edition|publisher=NPR|date=September 4, 2019|access-date=September 4, 2019|archive-date=October 24, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201024073658/https://www.npr.org/2019/09/03/757170753/walmart-curbs-ammunition-sales-calls-for-stronger-background-checks|url-status=live}}</ref> In the same year, Walmart stopped selling ] that were commonly used in ].<ref name="Bhattarai"/>

As of 2019, Walmart was a major retailer of firearms and ammunition.<ref name="Corkery">Michael Corkery, {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201125030030/https://www.nytimes.com/2019/09/03/business/walmart-guns-ammunition-sales.html |date=November 25, 2020 }}, ''The New York Times'' (September 3, 2019).</ref> In 2019, after 23 people<ref name="NYT23">{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/aponline/2020/04/26/business/ap-mass-shooting-texas.html|title=El Paso Shooting Victim Dies Months Later, Death Toll Now 23|work=The New York Times|date=April 26, 2020|access-date=April 26, 2020|archive-date=April 27, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200427072535/https://www.nytimes.com/aponline/2020/04/26/business/ap-mass-shooting-texas.html|url-status=live}}</ref> were killed in a ], Walmart announced that it would stop selling all handgun ammunition and certain ] ammunition.<ref name="Corkery"/> The company also announced that it would stop selling handguns in Alaska, the only state where the company still sold handguns.<ref name="Curbs"/> The move was expected to reduce Walmart's U.S. market share in ammunition from around 20% to around 6–9%.<ref name="Curbs"/> Walmart also stated that it was "respectfully requesting" that customers not ] weapons in Walmart stores, except for authorized law enforcement officers.<ref name="Corkery"/><ref name="Curbs"/>

Following the ] in October 2020, Walmart temporarily removed gun and ammunition displays in thousands of stores across the U.S. from sales floors, grounding their reason in concerns of civil unrest. Company spokesman Kory Lundberg said in a statement that "We have seen some isolated civil unrest and as we have done on several occasions over the last few years, we have moved our firearms and ammunition off the sales floor as a precaution for the safety of our associates and customers." Firearms and ammunition will still be available for purchase on request, but the duration of the removal of both from the sales floor remains undetermined.<ref>{{Cite news|date=October 30, 2020|title=Walmart pulls guns from display over 'civil unrest' concerns|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-54738047|access-date=October 30, 2020|archive-date=November 15, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201115174139/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-54738047|url-status=live}}</ref>

=== Technology ===

==== Open source software ====
Many Walmart technology projects are coded in the open and available through the Walmart Labs ] repository<ref>{{cite web |first1 = Alex |last1 = Grigoryan |url = https://github.com/walmartlabs |website = Github |access-date = November 4, 2016 |title = Walmart Labs – Github |url-status=live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170104074304/https://github.com/walmartlabs |archive-date = January 4, 2017}}</ref> as ] under the ] ]. {{As of|2016|November|post=,}} 141 public GitHub projects are listed.

During a migration of the walmart.com retail platform to ] and ], the Electrode<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.electrode.io/ |access-date = November 4, 2016 |title = Introducing Electrode, an open-source release from @WalmartLabs |quote = Electrode is a platform for building universal React/Node.js applications with standardized structure, best practices, and modern technologies baked in. Electrode focuses on performance, component reusability, and simple deployment to multiple cloud providers—so you can focus on what makes your app unique. |url-status=live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20161104204315/http://www.electrode.io/ |archive-date = November 4, 2016}}</ref> project was created to power the e-commerce platform which serves 80&nbsp;million visitors per month and 15&nbsp;million items.

Alex Grigoryan<ref>{{cite web |last1 = Grigoryan |first1 = Alex |url = https://medium.com/@lexgrigoryan |access-date = November 4, 2016 |title = Alex Grigoryan – Medium |url-status=live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20161104205902/https://medium.com/@lexgrigoryan |archive-date = November 4, 2016}}</ref> of Walmart Labs released a statement<ref>{{cite web |url = https://medium.com/walmartlabs/introducing-electrode-an-open-source-release-from-walmartlabs-14b836135319#.uvbvyrc0s |website = Medium |access-date = November 4, 2016 |title = Introducing Electrode, an open source release from @WalmartLabs |date = October 3, 2016 |quote = In less than one year, Walmart.com has completed its migration to React/Node.js and we are proud of that accomplishment! The goal was to build a new application platform to help @WalmartLabs and its engineers scale for the future. |url-status=live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20161104205900/https://medium.com/walmartlabs/introducing-electrode-an-open-source-release-from-walmartlabs-14b836135319#.uvbvyrc0s |archive-date = November 4, 2016}}</ref> on Medium.com on October 3, 2016, explaining the details of the applications and the scale that they operate at Walmart.

==== Big data analytics ====
As the largest retailer in the U.S., Walmart collects and analyzes a large amount of consumer data. The ] sets are ] for use in ], which allow the company to optimize operations by predicting customer's habits. Walmart's ] is unofficially referred to as ].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.joplinglobe.com/news/local_news/wal-mart-s-data-center-remains-mystery/article_5f088740-04ea-531d-b526-a2cc9862c8aa.html |title=Wal-Mart's data center remains mystery |last=McCoy |first=Max |date=May 28, 2006 |website=The Joplin Globe |publisher=Community Newspaper Holdings |access-date=May 31, 2019 |archive-date=December 17, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201217045422/https://www.joplinglobe.com/news/local_news/wal-mart-s-data-center-remains-mystery/article_5f088740-04ea-531d-b526-a2cc9862c8aa.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

In April 2011, Walmart acquired ] to develop software for analyzing real-time data streams.<ref>Chris V. Nicholson, ''The New York Times''. " {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170525042852/https://dealbook.nytimes.com/2011/04/19/wal-mart-buys-social-media-site-kosmix/ |date=May 25, 2017 }}." April 19, 2011. Retrieved December 7, 2016.</ref> In August 2012, Walmart announced its Polaris search engine.<ref>Sarah Perez, TechCrunch. " {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170308134741/https://techcrunch.com/2012/08/30/in-battle-with-amazon-walmart-unveils-polaris-a-semantic-search-engine-for-products/ |date=March 8, 2017 }}." August 30, 2012. Retrieved March 7, 2017.</ref>

The amount of data gathered by Walmart has raised privacy concerns.<ref name="nyt1">{{cite news |last = Hays |first = Constance L. |title = What Wal-Mart Knows About Customers' Habits |url = https://www.nytimes.com/2004/11/14/business/yourmoney/14wal.html |access-date = November 27, 2013 |newspaper = The New York Times |date = November 14, 2004 |url-status=live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20131220044349/http://www.nytimes.com/2004/11/14/business/yourmoney/14wal.html |archive-date = December 20, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title = A CASE STUDY OF WALMART |url = http://centerformediajustice.org/wp-content/files/WALMART_PRIVACY_MR.pdf |publisher = ] |access-date = November 27, 2013 |date = November 2013 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20131203005506/http://centerformediajustice.org/wp-content/files/WALMART_PRIVACY_MR.pdf |archive-date = December 3, 2013 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last = Berman |first = Jillian |title = Walmart Now Possesses Info On An Estimated 145 Million Americans: Analysis |url = https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/11/26/walmart-data_n_4344879.html |work = HuffPost |access-date = November 27, 2013 |date = November 26, 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20131127161035/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/11/26/walmart-data_n_4344879.html |archive-date = November 27, 2013}}</ref>

==== Cash handling ====
in 2016, Walmart began a drive to automate much of the cash handling process. Walmart began replacing employees who count currency by hand with machines that count 8 bills per second and 3,000 coins a minute. The processing machines, located in the back of stores, allow cashiers to process the money for electronic depositing.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Nassauer|first=Sarah|date=July 19, 2017|title=Robots Are Replacing Workers Where You Shop|work=The Wall Street Journal|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/robots-are-replacing-workers-where-you-shop-1500456602|access-date=April 20, 2020|archive-date=November 23, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201123142221/https://www.wsj.com/articles/robots-are-replacing-workers-where-you-shop-1500456602|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Nassauer|first=Sarah|date=July 1, 2018|title=Target, Walmart Automate More Store Tasks|work=The Wall Street Journal|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/target-walmart-automate-more-store-tasks-1530453600|access-date=April 20, 2020|archive-date=December 26, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201226232619/https://www.wsj.com/articles/target-walmart-automate-more-store-tasks-1530453600|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Charity ==
Sam Walton believed that the company's contribution to society was that it operated efficiently, thereby lowering the ] for customers, and, therefore, in that sense was a "powerful force for good", despite his refusal to contribute cash to philanthropic causes.<ref>{{cite book |last = Lichtenstein |first = Nelson |title = The Retail Revolution: How Wal-Mart Created a Brave New World of Business |url = https://books.google.com/books?id=ot0-dSuyF8wC&q=%E2%80%9CWe+feel+very+strongly%2C%E2%80%9D+he+wrote%2C+%E2%80%9Cthat+Wal-Mart+really%C2%A0is+not%2C+and%C2%A0should+not%C2%A0be%2C+in+the+charity+business.%E2%80%9D&pg=PA279 |publisher = Macmillan |access-date = August 1, 2013 |page = 279 |date = July 21, 2009 |isbn = 978-1-4299-8971-8 |archive-date = December 26, 2020 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20201226195928/https://books.google.com/books?id=ot0-dSuyF8wC&q=%E2%80%9CWe+feel+very+strongly%2C%E2%80%9D+he+wrote%2C+%E2%80%9Cthat+Wal-Mart+really%C2%A0is+not%2C+and%C2%A0should+not%C2%A0be%2C+in+the+charity+business.%E2%80%9D&pg=PA279 |url-status = live }}</ref> Having begun to feel that his wealth attracted people who wanted nothing more than a "handout", he explained that while he believed his family had been fortunate and wished to use his wealth to aid worthy causes like education, they could not be expected to "solve every personal problem that comes to attention". He explained later in his autobiography, "We feel very strongly that Wal-Mart really is ''not'', and ''should not'' be, in the charity business," stating "any debit has to be passed along to somebody—either shareholders or our customers."<ref>{{cite book |last = Walton |first = Sam |title = Sam Walton: Made In America |url = https://books.google.com/books?id=ggN9Kp8UVfwC&q=%E2%80%9Cany+undeserving+stranger+a+free+ride%E2%80%9D&pg=PA299 |publisher = Random House LLC |access-date = July 30, 2013 |pages = 299–306 |date = September 12, 2012 |isbn = 978-0-307-76369-3 |archive-date = December 26, 2020 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20201226230952/https://books.google.com/books?id=ggN9Kp8UVfwC&q=%E2%80%9Cany+undeserving+stranger+a+free+ride%E2%80%9D&pg=PA299 |url-status = live }}</ref> Since Sam Walton's death in 1992, however, Walmart and the Walmart Foundation dramatically increased charitable giving. For example, in 2005, Walmart donated {{US$|20&nbsp;million}} in cash and merchandise for ] relief and in 2020 they committed $25&nbsp;million to organizations on the frontlines of the ] response.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Where It's Going: Walmart's $25 Million COVID-19 Commitment|url=https://corporate.walmart.com/newsroom/2020/05/05/where-its-going-walmarts-25-million-covid-19-commitment|access-date=November 12, 2020|website=Corporate – US|archive-date=December 23, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201223064137/https://corporate.walmart.com/newsroom/2020/05/05/where-its-going-walmarts-25-million-covid-19-commitment|url-status=live}}</ref> Today, Walmart's charitable donations approach {{US$|1&nbsp;billion}} each year.<ref name="Charity Evaluated">{{cite magazine |last = Featherstone |first = Liza |title = Wal-Mart Charity Evaluated: Critics question company's motives |url = http://reclaimdemocracy.org/walmart-charity/ |magazine = The Nation |access-date = August 1, 2013 |date = November 21, 2005 |url-status=live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20131029202240/http://reclaimdemocracy.org/walmart-charity/ |archive-date = October 29, 2013}}</ref>

=== COVID-19 ===
As of January 2021, healthcare workers could get vaccines through Walmart in New Mexico and Arkansas. Walmart planned to offer vaccines in ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ] and ] with the target of delivering between 10&nbsp;million and 13&nbsp;million doses per month at full capacity.<ref>{{Cite web|date=January 22, 2021|title=Walmart expands vaccinations in a boost to the U.S. Covid prevention program|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2021/01/22/walmart-expands-vaccinations-in-a-boost-to-the-us-covid-prevention-program.html|access-date=January 25, 2021|publisher=CNBC|archive-date=January 23, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210123215115/https://www.cnbc.com/2021/01/22/walmart-expands-vaccinations-in-a-boost-to-the-us-covid-prevention-program.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Williams|first=Jordan|date=January 22, 2021|title=Walmart expands coronavirus vaccine operation|url=https://thehill.com/policy/healthcare/535363-walmart-expands-coronavirus-vaccine-operation-report|access-date=January 25, 2021|website=The Hill|archive-date=January 26, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126052332/https://thehill.com/policy/healthcare/535363-walmart-expands-coronavirus-vaccine-operation-report|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=When Vaccines Roll Out in the U.S., Walmart Stands Ready to Serve|url=https://corporate.walmart.com/newsroom/2021/01/22/when-vaccines-roll-out-in-the-u-s-walmart-stands-ready-to-serve|access-date=January 25, 2021|website=Corporate – US|archive-date=January 24, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210124144049/https://corporate.walmart.com/newsroom/2021/01/22/when-vaccines-roll-out-in-the-u-s-walmart-stands-ready-to-serve|url-status=live}}</ref>

In May 2021, Walmart said that starting from May 18 all its fully vaccinated employees could stop wearing masks at work following the guidance from the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.<ref>{{Cite web|date=May 14, 2021|title=Walmart says fully vaccinated employees can go without masks starting Tuesday|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/us/walmart-says-fully-vaccinated-employees-can-go-without-masks-starting-tuesday-2021-05-14/|access-date=May 15, 2021|work=Reuters|archive-date=May 14, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210514235045/https://www.reuters.com/world/us/walmart-says-fully-vaccinated-employees-can-go-without-masks-starting-tuesday-2021-05-14/|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Economic impact ==
=== Effects on customers ===
A 2005 story in ''The Washington Post'' reported that "Wal-Mart's discounting on food alone boosts the welfare of American shoppers by at least {{US$|50&nbsp;billion}} per year."<ref>{{cite news |author = Mallaby, Sebastian |date = November 28, 2005 |url = https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/11/27/AR2005112700687.html |title = Progressive Wal-Mart. Really |newspaper = The Washington Post |access-date = August 4, 2006 |url-status=live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080516202924/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/11/27/AR2005112700687.html |archive-date = May 16, 2008}}</ref> A study in 2005 at the ] (MIT) measured the effect on ] and found that the poorest segment of the population benefits the most from the existence of discount retailers.<ref>{{cite web |author = Hausman, Jerry |first2 = Ephraim |last2 = Leibtag |date = October 2005 |url = http://economics.mit.edu/files/1765 |title = Consumer Benefits from Increased Competition in Shopping Outlets: Measuring the Effect of Wal-Mart |publisher = ]/] |access-date = August 4, 2006 |url-status=live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120816233917/http://economics.mit.edu/files/1765 |archive-date = August 16, 2012}}</ref>
In 2006, American newspaper columnist ] stated that In terms of economic effects, "Wal-Mart and its effects save shoppers more than {{US$|200&nbsp;billion}} a year, dwarfing such government programs as ] ({{US$|28.6&nbsp;billion}}) and the ] ({{US$|34.6&nbsp;billion}})".<ref>{{cite news |last = Will |first = George |url = https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/09/13/AR2006091301573.html |title = Democrats Vs. Wal-Mart |newspaper = The Washington Post |date = September 14, 2006 |author-link = George Will |archive-date = July 28, 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130728114309/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/09/13/AR2006091301573.html }}</ref>

=== Effects on retailers===
Kenneth Stone, Professor of Economics at Iowa State University, in a paper published in ''Farm Foundation'' (1997), found that some small towns can lose almost half of their retail trade within ten years of a Walmart store opening. Presumably, people who previously shopped in towns without Wal-Mart stores choose to shop in towns with Wal-Mart stores, part of an older pattern in which smaller centers lose retail sales to larger ones. Stone compared the changes to previous competitors that small town shops have faced in the past, such as the development of the railroads, the Sears Roebuck catalog, and shopping malls. He concluded that small towns are more affected by "discount mass merchandiser stores" than larger towns and that shop owners who adapt to the ever-changing retail market can "co-exist and even thrive in this type of environment".<ref name="Rural"/> In later research Artz and Stone (2006) reported that in Mississippi the impact of opening a Walmart was much larger on existing retailers in rural communities (17%) than more urban ones (4%).<ref name="Volpe"/><ref name="Artz">{{cite journal |last1=Artz |first1=Georgeanne M. |last2=Stone |first2=Kenneth E. |title=Analyzing the Impact of Wal-Mart Supercenters on Local Food Store Sales |journal=American Journal of Agricultural Economics |date=2006 |volume=88 |issue=5 |pages=1296–1303 |doi=10.1111/j.1467-8276.2006.00948.x |jstor=4123607 |issn=0002-9092 |doi-access=free }}</ref> This also suggests that Walmart has achieved its strongest growth in non-metropolitan areas, which tend to be low-income.<ref name="Volpe"/>

Studies of the impact of Walmart tend to focus on Supercenters rather than Neighborhood Markets. Comparisons of performance metrics such as sales per square foot suggest that supermarkets and other high-volume retailers in direct competition with Walmart Supercenters show significant decreases in profit margins.<ref name="Volpe"/> While Walmart has often been said to be a destroyer of small businesses, much of this is anecdotal. Research so far suggests that Walmart superstores have little effect on smaller retailers such as "Mom and Pop" businesses.<ref name="Volpe"/> A 2008 economic analysis published in the journal '']'' suggested that "the process of ] unleashed by Wal‐Mart has had no statistically significant long‐run impact on the overall size and profitability of the small business sector in the United States".<ref name="sobel_dean">{{Cite journal|doi = 10.1111/j.1465-7295.2007.00091.x|title = Has Wal-Mart Buried Mom and Pop?: The Impact of Wal-Mart on Self-Employment and Small Establishments in the United States|year = 2008|last1 = Sobel|first1 = Russell S.|last2 = Dean|first2 = Andrea M.|journal = Economic Inquiry|volume = 46|issue = 4|pages = 676–695|s2cid = 28554345|doi-access = free| issn = 0095-2583}}</ref>

Impact appears to be related to a number of factors, with a key factor being the goods offered for sale.<ref name="Volpe"/> A study by Ailawadi and others (2010) examined the impact of new Walmarts in detail. She reported that median sales dropped 40 percent at similar high-volume stores, 17 percent at supermarkets and 6 percent at drugstores. However, 30 percent of specific product categories at high-volume stores were unaffected. Many retailers reduced prices and cut product selection in an attempt to compete directly with Walmart, in effect attacking its areas of strength. A more successful approach was to track sales, identify vulnerable categories, and increase the range of products in those categories. By including products at both top and bottom price points, and offering temporary promotions on those items, retailers could attract both customers who were price-conscious and those interested in a wider range of options. A small store that specialized in a particular product area could compete effectively against Walmart.<ref name="Tuck">{{cite news |title=Think Outside of the Box (Store): Defending Against Walmart |url=https://www.tuck.dartmouth.edu/news/articles/think-outside-of-the-box-store-defending-against-walmart |access-date=October 14, 2022 |work=Tuck Forum |publisher=Dartmouth University |date=November 2009 |language=en |archive-date=October 14, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221014211351/https://www.tuck.dartmouth.edu/news/articles/think-outside-of-the-box-store-defending-against-walmart |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Ailawadi">{{cite journal |last1=Ailawadi |first1=Kusum L. |last2=Zhang |first2=Jie |last3=Krishna |first3=Aradhna |last4=Kruger |first4=Michael W. |title=When Wal-Mart Enters: How Incumbent Retailers React and how this Affects their Sales Outcomes |journal=Journal of Marketing Research |date=August 2010 |volume=47 |issue=4 |pages=577–593 |doi=10.1509/jmkr.47.4.577 |s2cid=21105799 |url=https://www.deepdyve.com/lp/sage/when-wal-mart-enters-how-incumbent-retailers-react-and-how-this-258YW2pwLT?key=sage |access-date=October 14, 2022 |language=en |issn=0022-2437 |archive-date=October 14, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221014211350/https://www.deepdyve.com/lp/sage/when-wal-mart-enters-how-incumbent-retailers-react-and-how-this-258YW2pwLT?key=sage |url-status=live }}</ref> Small specialized stores are less effective against big-box ] chains such as ] and ] electronics.<ref name="Crowley">{{cite journal |last1=Crowley |first1=Martha |last2=Stainback |first2=Kevin |title=Retail Sector Concentration, Local Economic Structure, and Community Well-Being |journal=Annual Review of Sociology |date=July 30, 2019 |volume=45 |issue=1 |pages=321–343 |doi=10.1146/annurev-soc-073018-022449 |s2cid=181369011 |language=en |issn=0360-0572 |doi-access=free }}</ref>

Some studies have suggested that the impact a Walmart store has on a local business is correlated to its distance from the store. David Merriman, Joseph Persky, Julie Davis and Ron Baiman (2012) outlined the impacts of Walmart in ]. Based on three annual surveys of enterprises within a four-mile radius of a new Chicago Walmart it "shows that the probability of going out of business was significantly higher for establishments close to that store". The overall findings of this study reinforce the "contention that large-city Walmarts, like those in small towns, absorb retail sales from nearby stores without significantly expanding the market".<ref name="Merriman">{{cite journal |last1=Merriman |first1=David |last2=Persky |first2=Joseph |last3=Davis |first3=Julie |last4=Baiman |first4=Ron |title=The Impact of an Urban WalMart Store on Area Businesses: The Chicago Case |journal=Economic Development Quarterly |date=November 2012 |volume=26 |issue=4 |pages=321–333 |doi=10.1177/0891242412457985 |s2cid=155306293 |url=https://doi.org/10.1177/0891242412457985 |access-date=October 14, 2022 |language=en |issn=0891-2424 |archive-date=November 9, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231109191618/https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0891242412457985 |url-status=live }}</ref> Ellickson & Grieco (2013) report in the '']'' that Wal-Marts most strongly affect outlets of larger chains that are within {{convert|2|mi|km}} of their location.<ref name="Ellickson">{{cite journal |last1=Ellickson |first1=Paul B. |last2=Grieco |first2=Paul L.E. |title=Wal-Mart and the geography of grocery retailing |journal=Journal of Urban Economics |date=May 2013 |volume=75 |pages=1–14 |doi=10.1016/j.jue.2012.09.005 }}</ref>

=== Effects on jobs ===
A 2022 literature review concludes that "there is no consensus on the impact of Walmart on local employment, but most studies on the topic point to a modest increase in retail employment".<ref name="Volpe"/> For example, studies at the ] found that a new store increases net retail employment in the county by 100 jobs in the short term, half of which disappear over five years as other retail establishments close.<ref>{{cite web |author = Basker, Emek |year = 2002 |url = http://econwpa.wustl.edu/eps/lab/papers/0303/0303002.pdf |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20050430063233/http://econwpa.wustl.edu/eps/lab/papers/0303/0303002.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-date = April 30, 2005 |title = Job Creation or Destruction? Labor-Market Effects of Wal-Mart Expansion |publisher = ] |access-date = August 4, 2006 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Basker |first1=Emek |title=Job Creation or Destruction? Labor Market Effects of Wal-Mart Expansion |journal=Review of Economics and Statistics |date=2005 |volume=87 |issue=1 |pages=174–183 |doi=10.1162/0034653053327568|s2cid=207590258 }}</ref> Similarly, a net increase in employment (55 jobs) was found in a study of West Virginia counties between 1989 and 1998.<ref name="Hicks">{{cite journal |last1=Hicks |first1=Michael J. |last2=Wilburn |first2=Kristy L. |title=The Regional Impact of Wal-Mart Entrance: A Panel Study of the Retail Trade Sector in West Virginia |journal=The Review of Regional Studies |date=December 28, 2001 |volume=31 |issue=3 |pages=305–313 |doi=10.52324/001c.8540 |issn=1553-0892|doi-access=free }}</ref>

Like other chain stores, Walmart tends to hire local employees for low-skilled jobs with low wages and minimal benefits.<ref name="Volpe"/> This may increase employees' reliance on public assistance programs, effectively transferring costs away from employers onto taxpayers.<ref name="Crowley"/> Studies examining aggregate retail wage data from states and counties, before and after the arrival of Walmart, are mixed. Some results, particularly from nonmetropolitan areas in the South and central United States, suggest lowered wages. Other studies have found no effect (e.g. Pennsylvania) or an increase in wages (e.g. Maryland).<ref name="Crowley"/> A 2004 paper by Goetz and Swaminathan suggested that U.S. counties with Walmart stores suffered increased poverty compared with counties without Wal-Marts.<ref name="PSUstudy">{{cite web |author = Goetz, Stephan J. |first2 = Hema |last2 = Swaminathan |date = October 18, 2004 |url = http://aers.psu.edu/research/centers/cecd/research/wal-mart-and-county-wide-poverty/full-study/at_download/file |title = Wal-Mart and County-Wide Poverty |publisher = ] |access-date = August 4, 2006 |archive-date = May 25, 2017 |archive-url = https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20170525041946/http://aers.psu.edu/research/centers/cecd/research/wal-mart-and-county-wide-poverty/full-study/at_download/file |url-status = live }}</ref> It is difficult to distinguish the effects of opening a Walmart from other factors, some of which may be related to the decision to open a store. Known as ], this makes it difficult to determine whether Walmart chooses to establish itself in communities with greater poverty and joblessness, or creates more poverty and joblessness.<ref name="Crowley"/>

Studies of socioeconomic well-being, civic participation, and community welfare suggest that large non-locally owned businesses tend to be centralized and vertically integrated, rely on remote sources and support services, and move money, expertise and power away from local communities. Large externally-oriented businesses tend to be associated with lower local standards of living, greater inequality, and less social and civic participation. This research is not specific to Walmart, but to large businesses in general.<ref name="Crowley"/>

In broader economic terms, the ] estimated that between 2001 and 2006 Wal-Mart's trade deficit with China alone represented a loss of nearly 200,000 U.S. jobs. During this period, Wal-Mart was responsible for 9.3% of total U.S. imports from China, increasing the U.S. trade deficit by an estimated $17.1&nbsp;billion. This represents about 200,000 jobs, most of them in the manufacturing sector (133,000).<ref>{{cite web |author = Clark, Robert E. |date = June 26, 2007 |url = http://www.epi.org/content.cfm/ib235 |title = The Wal-Mart effect: Its Chinese imports have displaced nearly 200,000 U.S. jobs (Issue Brief #235) |website = Economic Policy Institute |access-date = August 2, 2008 |archive-date = August 1, 2008 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080801013923/http://www.epi.org/content.cfm/ib235 |url-status = live }}</ref>

A 2014 story in '']'' reported that the Wal-Mart Foundation was boosting its efforts to work with U.S. manufacturers. In February 2014, the Walmart Foundation pledged to support domestic manufacturers by buying {{US$|250&nbsp;billion}} worth of American-made products in the next decade.<ref>{{cite news |author = D G McCullough |url = https://www.theguardian.com/sustainable-business/made-in-the-usa-sustainable-manufacture |title = Is 'made in the USA' really the most sustainable way to manufacture? |work = The Guardian |access-date = April 24, 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150626214945/http://www.theguardian.com/sustainable-business/made-in-the-usa-sustainable-manufacture |archive-date = June 26, 2015}}</ref> Between 2014 and 2017, the Walmart U.S. Manufacturing Innovation Fund gave $10&nbsp;million in grants to research and academic institutions for projects that improve domestic manufacturing.<ref name="Jessica">{{cite news |last1=Lyons Hardcastle |first1=Jessica |title=Walmart Pledges $250B To Revamp the US Manufacturing Industry |url=https://www.environmentalleader.com/2017/01/why-walmarts-250-billion-pledge-will-make-us-manufacturing-more-sustainable/ |access-date=October 18, 2022 |work=Environment + Energy Leader |date=January 24, 2017 |archive-date=October 18, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221018152723/https://www.environmentalleader.com/2017/01/why-walmarts-250-billion-pledge-will-make-us-manufacturing-more-sustainable/ |url-status=live }}</ref> For the 2020 fiscal year, Walmart reported that nearly two-thirds of its merchandise was made, assembled or grown in the United States. As of March 2021, Walmart pledged to buy an additional $350&nbsp;billion worth of American-based items over the next decade.<ref name="Repko">{{cite news |last1=Repko |first1=Melissa |title=Walmart says it will support U.S. manufacturers with $350 billion of added business |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2021/03/03/walmart-to-back-us-manufacturers-with-350-billion-of-added-business.html |access-date=October 18, 2022 |work=CNBC |date=March 3, 2021 |language=en |archive-date=October 18, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221018152722/https://www.cnbc.com/2021/03/03/walmart-to-back-us-manufacturers-with-350-billion-of-added-business.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== Effects on productivity ===
A 2001 ] Global Institute study of U.S. labor productivity growth between 1995 and 2000 concluded that "Wal-Mart directly and indirectly caused the bulk of the productivity acceleration" in general merchandise, representing 16 percent of total productivity growth in the retail sector.<ref>{{cite web |title = US productivity growth, 1995–2000 |url = http://www.mckinsey.com/insights/mgi/research/productivity_competitiveness_and_growth/us_productivity_growth_1995-2000 |publisher = ] Global Institute |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130117025420/http://www.mckinsey.com/insights/mgi/research/productivity_competitiveness_and_growth/us_productivity_growth_1995-2000 |archive-date = January 17, 2013 |url-status=dead |date = October 2001 }}</ref>
Walmart's transformative use of information technology, particularly in supply-chain management, is identified as a major reason for its impact on productivity per man hour.<ref name="Schrage">{{cite news |last1=Schrage |first1=Michael |title=Wal-Mart Trumps Moore's Law |url=https://www.technologyreview.com/2002/03/01/235222/wal-mart-trumps-moores-law/ |access-date=October 18, 2022 |work=MIT Technology Review |date=March 1, 2002 |language=en |archive-date=October 18, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221018144452/https://www.technologyreview.com/2002/03/01/235222/wal-mart-trumps-moores-law/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Surowiecki">{{cite magazine |last1=Surowiecki |first1=James |title=The New Economy Was a Myth, Right? |url=https://www.wired.com/2002/07/myth-2/ |access-date=October 18, 2022 |magazine=Wired |date=July 1, 2002 |archive-date=October 18, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221018144452/https://www.wired.com/2002/07/myth-2/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Ghemawat">{{cite news |last1=Ghemawat |first1=Pankaj |last2=Mark |first2=Ken A. |title=Opinion {{!}} The Price Is Right |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2005/08/03/opinion/the-price-is-right.html |access-date=October 18, 2022 |work=The New York Times |date=August 3, 2005 |archive-date=October 18, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221018144455/https://www.nytimes.com/2005/08/03/opinion/the-price-is-right.html |url-status=live }}</ref> For every dollar spent by Walmart to improve its own technology, an estimated ten dollars has been invested by suppliers throughout its supply chain on their own systems and software. Economist ] has emphasized the importance of imitation and adaptation: in addition to improving its own efficiency, Walmart's innovations have been adopted by its competitors so that they can compete.<ref name="Schrage"/>

==Labor relations==
]]]

With over 2.3 million employees worldwide, Walmart has faced a torrent of lawsuits and issues with regards to its workforce. These issues involve ], ], inadequate ], and issues involving the company's strong ] policies. In November 2013, the ] (NLRB) announced that it had found that in 13&nbsp;U.S. states, Wal-Mart had pressured employees not to engage in strikes on Black Friday, and had illegally disciplined workers who had engaged in strikes.<ref>{{cite news |url = https://www.latimes.com/business/money/la-fi-mo-nlrb-walmart-20131119,0,1499317.story |title = Fully staffed NLRB investigates complaints against Wal-Mart |first = Alana |last = Semuels |work = Los Angeles Times |access-date = November 26, 2013 |date = November 19, 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20131126221724/http://www.latimes.com/business/money/la-fi-mo-nlrb-walmart-20131119,0,1499317.story#axzz2lfbzVSap |archive-date = November 26, 2013}}</ref> Critics point to Walmart's high ] rate as evidence of an unhappy workforce, although other factors may be involved. Approximately 70&nbsp;percent of its employees leave within the first year.<ref name="Store Wars">{{cite web |url = https://www.pbs.org/itvs/storewars/stores3.html |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070219083544/http://www.pbs.org/itvs/storewars/stores3.html |archive-date = February 19, 2007 |title = Store Wars: When Wal-Mart Comes to Town |publisher = PBS |access-date = February 28, 2016 }}</ref> Despite this turnover rate, the company is still able to affect unemployment rates. This was found in a study by ] which states, "Walmart is found to have substantially lowered the relative unemployment rates of blacks in those counties where it is present, but to have had only a limited impact on relative incomes after the influences of other socio-economic variables were taken into account."<ref>Keil, Stanley R., Spector, Lee C. ''The Impact of Walmart on Income and Unemployment Differentials in Alabama.'' Review of Regional Studies; Winter 2005, Vol. 35 Issue 3, p336-355, 20p.</ref>

Walmart is the largest private employer in the United States, with 1.6&nbsp;million employees {{as of|2020|lc=yes}}.<ref name="Volpe"/> Walmart employs almost five times as many people as ], the second-largest employer.<ref> {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160210023938/http://www.statisticbrain.com/u-s-largest-employers |date=February 10, 2016 }}. Retrieved August 5, 2013.</ref> Walmart employs more ] than any other private employer in the United States.<ref name=NYT4115>{{cite news |author1 = Hiroko Tabuchi |author1-link = Hiroko Tabuchi |author2 = Michael Barbaro |title = Walmart Emerges as Unlikely Social Force |url = https://www.nytimes.com/2015/04/02/business/walmart-emerges-as-unlikely-social-force.html |access-date = April 2, 2015 |work = The New York Times |date = April 1, 2015 |quote = the nation's largest private sector employer of African-American workers. |url-status=live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150402155327/http://www.nytimes.com/2015/04/02/business/walmart-emerges-as-unlikely-social-force.html |archive-date = April 2, 2015}}</ref>
While 4.6% of all retail workers, and 16.5% of all U.S. grocery workers, were unionized as of 2020, Walmart does not employ unionized labor and actively discourages unionization and collective bargaining.<ref name="Volpe"/><ref name="Gereffi">{{cite journal |last1=Gereffi |first1=Gary |last2=Christian |first2=Michelle |title=The Impacts of Wal-Mart: The Rise and Consequences of the World's Dominant Retailer |journal=Annual Review of Sociology |date=August 1, 2009 |volume=35 |issue=1 |pages=573–591 |doi=10.1146/annurev-soc-070308-115947 |url=https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-soc-070308-115947 |access-date=October 12, 2022 |language=en |issn=0360-0572 |archive-date=November 9, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231109191710/https://www.annualreviews.org/doi/10.1146/annurev-soc-070308-115947 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Yue">{{cite journal |last1 = Ingram |first1 = Paul |last2 = Yue |first2 = Lori Qingyuan |last3 = Rao |first3 = Hayagreeva |date = July 2010 |title = Trouble in Store: Probes, Protests, and Store Openings by Wal-Mart, 1998–2007 |jstor = 653596 |journal = ] |publisher = ] |volume = 116 |issue = 1 |pages = 53–92 |doi = 10.1086/653596 |s2cid = 145171645 }}</ref>

Walmart rebranded their Associate Education Benefits to Live Better U in March 2019. Live Better U supports associate education at every level and includes $1 a day college program, cost-free high school education, and discounts on higher education programs through partnership with ].

In April 2019, Walmart Inc. announced plans to extend the use of ] in stores in order to improve and monitor ], clean floors and unload trucks, part of the company's effort to lower its labor costs.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/walmart-is-rolling-out-the-robots-11554782460|title=Walmart Is Rolling Out the Robots|last1=Nassauer|first1=Sarah|date=April 9, 2019|work=]|access-date=April 23, 2019|last2=Cutter|first2=Chip|issn=0099-9660|archive-date=November 24, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201124055456/https://www.wsj.com/articles/walmart-is-rolling-out-the-robots-11554782460|url-status=live}}</ref> The use of robots has alienated some workers.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Harwell |first1=Drew |title=As Walmart turns to robots, it's the human workers who feel like machines |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2019/06/06/walmart-turns-robots-its-human-workers-who-feel-like-machines/ |access-date=10 June 2024 |newspaper=Washington Post |date=6 June 2019}}</ref>

In June 2019, Walmart Inc. announced the expansion of education benefits to recruit high school students. The incentives include flexible work schedules, free SAT and ACT preparation courses, up to seven hours of free college credit, and a debt-free college degree in three fields from six nonprofit universities.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2019/06/03/walmart-is-going-after-high-school-students-in-war-for-talent.html|title=Walmart is going after high school students in war for talent|last=Thomas|first=Lauren|date=June 4, 2019|publisher=CNBC|access-date=June 6, 2019|archive-date=December 26, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201226215434/https://www.cnbc.com/2019/06/03/walmart-is-going-after-high-school-students-in-war-for-talent.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Gender===
In 2007, a ] lawsuit, '']'', was filed against Walmart, alleging that female employees were discriminated against in matters regarding pay and promotions. A ] suit was sought, which would have been the nation's largest in history, covering 1.5&nbsp;million past and current employees.<ref name="Greenhouse 07">{{cite news |title = Court approves class-action suit against Wal-Mart |last1 = Greenhouse |first1 = Steven |url = https://www.nytimes.com/2007/02/07/business/07bias.html |newspaper = The New York Times |date = February 7, 2007 |access-date = February 28, 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150605041701/http://www.nytimes.com/2007/02/07/business/07bias.html |archive-date = June 5, 2015}}</ref> On June 20, 2011, the ] ruled in Wal-Mart's favor, stating that the plaintiffs did not have enough in common to constitute a class.<ref name="SCOTUS_Walmart">{{cite news |title = Wal-Mart Stores, Inc., Petitioner v. Betty Dukes et al. |url = https://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/10pdf/10-277.pdf |access-date = June 21, 2011 |newspaper = ] |date = June 20, 2011 |url-status=live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110621230523/http://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/10pdf/10-277.pdf |archive-date = June 21, 2011}}</ref> The court ruled unanimously that because of the variability of the plaintiffs' circumstances, the class action could not proceed as presented, and furthermore, in a 5–4 decision that it could not proceed as any kind of class action suit.<ref name="Lennard_Natasha">{{cite news |last = Lennard |first = Natasha |title = The Supreme Court sides with Wal-Mart |url = http://www.salon.com/news/feature/2011/06/20/supreme_court_sides_with_wal_mart/ |access-date = June 21, 2011 |newspaper = ] |date = June 20, 2011 |url-status=live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110621171105/http://www.salon.com/news/feature/2011/06/20/supreme_court_sides_with_wal_mart |archive-date = June 21, 2011}}</ref> Several plaintiffs, including the lead plaintiff, Betty Dukes, expressed their intent to file individual discrimination lawsuits separately.<ref name="Clifford_Stephanie">{{cite news |last = Clifford |first = Stephanie |title = Despite Setback, Plaintiffs to Pursue Wal-Mart Cases |url = https://www.nytimes.com/2011/06/21/business/21walmart.html |access-date = June 21, 2011 |newspaper = The New York Times |date = June 20, 2011 |url-status=live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110624070249/http://www.nytimes.com/2011/06/21/business/21walmart.html |archive-date = June 24, 2011}}</ref> Dukes died in 2017.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Corkery |first1=Michael |title=Betty Dukes, Greeter Whose Walmart Lawsuit Went to Supreme Court, Dies at 67 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/07/18/business/betty-dukes-dead-walmart-worker-led-landmark-class-action-sex-bias-case.html |website=The New York Times |access-date=November 17, 2022 |date=July 18, 2017 |archive-date=November 17, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221117170434/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/07/18/business/betty-dukes-dead-walmart-worker-led-landmark-class-action-sex-bias-case.html |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2020, Walmart agreed to pay $20&nbsp;million, stop using a pre-employment test, and furnish other relief to settle a companywide, sex-based hiring discrimination lawsuit filed by the U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC).<ref>{{cite web |title=Walmart, Inc. to Pay $20 Million to Settle EEOC Nationwide Hiring Discrimination Case |url=https://www.eeoc.gov/newsroom/walmart-inc-pay-20-million-settle-eeoc-nationwide-hiring-discrimination-case |website=U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission |access-date=November 17, 2022 |date=September 10, 2020 |archive-date=November 17, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221117170436/https://www.eeoc.gov/newsroom/walmart-inc-pay-20-million-settle-eeoc-nationwide-hiring-discrimination-case |url-status=live }}</ref>

According to a consultant hired by plaintiffs in a sex discrimination lawsuit, in 2001, Wal-Mart's ] filings showed that female employees made up 65 percent of Wal-Mart's hourly paid workforce, but only 33&nbsp;percent of its management.<ref name="Conlin 01">{{cite news |title = Is Wal-Mart hostile to women? |last1 = Conlin |first1 = Michelle |url = https://www.bloomberg.com/bw/stories/2001-07-15/is-wal-mart-hostile-to-women |magazine = Bloomberg |date = July 16, 2001 |access-date = February 28, 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160306080220/http://www.bloomberg.com/bw/stories/2001-07-15/is-wal-mart-hostile-to-women |archive-date = March 6, 2016}}</ref><ref name="zellner">{{cite news |title = No way to treat a lady? |last1 = Zellner |first1 = Wendy |url = https://www.bloomberg.com/bw/stories/2003-02-20/no-way-to-treat-a-lady |magazine = Bloomberg |date = March 3, 2003 |access-date = February 28, 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160306075839/http://www.bloomberg.com/bw/stories/2003-02-20/no-way-to-treat-a-lady |archive-date = March 6, 2016}}</ref> Just 35&nbsp;percent of its store managers were women, compared to 57 percent at similar retailers.<ref name="zellner"/> Wal-Mart says comparisons with other retailers are unfair, because it classifies employees differently; if department managers were included in the totals, women would make up 60&nbsp;percent of the managerial ranks.<ref name="zellner"/>

===Sexual orientation and gender identity===
In the ]'s (HRC) 2002 ], a measure of how companies treat ] employees and customers, gave Wal-Mart Stores Inc. a score of 14%.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://assets2.hrc.org/files/assets/resources/CorporateEqualityIndex_2002.pdf?_ga=2.49340005.2131199168.1520940955-1798760037.1512127430|title=2002 Corporate Equality Index|access-date=March 19, 2018|archive-date=September 19, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200919011517/https://assets2.hrc.org/files/assets/resources/CorporateEqualityIndex_2002.pdf?_ga=2.49340005.2131199168.1520940955-1798760037.1512127430|url-status=live}}</ref> By 2017, however, HRC's 2017 Corporate Equality Index gave Wal-Mart Stores Inc. a score of a 100%.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://assets2.hrc.org/files/assets/resources/CEI-2017-Final.pdf?_ga=2.11745527.2131199168.1520940955-1798760037.1512127430|title=2017 Corporate Equality Index|access-date=March 19, 2018|archive-date=November 13, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181113015240/https://assets2.hrc.org/files/assets/resources/CEI-2017-Final.pdf?_ga=2.11745527.2131199168.1520940955-1798760037.1512127430|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2003, Walmart added sexual orientation to their anti-discrimination policy.<ref>{{cite news |author = Kershaw, Sarah |url = https://www.nytimes.com/2003/07/02/us/wal-mart-sets-a-new-policy-that-protects-gay-workers.html |title = Wal-Mart Sets a New Policy That Protects Gay Workers |work = The New York Times |date = July 2, 2003 |access-date = October 1, 2006 |url-status=live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120617024456/http://www.nytimes.com/2003/07/02/us/wal-mart-sets-a-new-policy-that-protects-gay-workers.html |archive-date = June 17, 2012}}</ref> In 2005, Walmart's definition of family began including ].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hrc.org/Template.cfm?Section=Press_Room&CONTENTID=24994&TEMPLATE=/ContentManagement/ContentDisplay.cfm|title=HRC Applauds Wal-Mart's Inclusive Family Policy (press release)|date=January 27, 2005|publisher=]|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930015532/http://www.hrc.org/Template.cfm?Section=Press_Room&CONTENTID=24994&TEMPLATE=%2FContentManagement%2FContentDisplay.cfm|archive-date=September 30, 2007|access-date=October 1, 2006}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.hrc.org/Template.cfm?Section=Get_Informed2&Template=/ContentManagement/ContentDisplay.cfm&ContentID=33909 |title = Corporate Equality Index |publisher = Human Rights Campaign |year = 2006 |access-date = November 2, 2006 |url-status=dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20061006104644/http://www.hrc.org/Template.cfm?Section=Get_Informed2&Template=%2FContentManagement%2FContentDisplay.cfm&ContentID=33909 |archive-date = October 6, 2006 }}</ref><ref name=EqualityIndex16>{{cite web |url = http://hrc-assets.s3-website-us-east-1.amazonaws.com//files/assets/resources/CEI-2016-FullReport.pdf |title = Corporate Equality Index 2016: Rating American Workplaces on Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender Equality |publisher = Human Rights Campaign |page = 69 |type = PDF |access-date = December 25, 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20151227150010/http://hrc-assets.s3-website-us-east-1.amazonaws.com//files/assets/resources/CEI-2016-FullReport.pdf |archive-date = December 27, 2015}}</ref> In 2006, Walmart announced that "diversity efforts include new groups of minority, female and ] employees that meet at Walmart headquarters in Bentonville to advise the company on marketing and internal promotion. There are seven business resource groups: women, ], ]s, ], ], gays and ]s, and a ] group."<ref>{{cite web |url = http://nlpc.org/sites/default/files/Walmart_SR.pdf |title = Wal-Mart Embraces Controversial Causes |publisher = ] |access-date = December 7, 2012 |author = Carlisle, John |page = 23 |url-status=dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130117025431/http://nlpc.org/sites/default/files/Walmart_SR.pdf |archive-date = January 17, 2013}}</ref> From 2006 to 2008, Walmart was a member of the ].<ref name="Walmart's remarkable gay rights journey"/> In 2011, Walmart added ] to their anti-discrimination policy.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.advocate.com/politics/2016/8/31/why-walmart-became-lgbt-friendly |title = Why Walmart Became LGBT-Friendly |date = August 31, 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160903001537/http://www.advocate.com/politics/2016/8/31/why-walmart-became-lgbt-friendly |archive-date = September 3, 2016}}</ref> Walmart's anti-discrimination policies allow associates to use restroom facilities that corresponds with their gender identity and ].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.yourstephenvilletx.com/article/20120717/News/307179884|title=Company bathroom policy causes stink|first=Amanda|last=Kimble|date=July 17, 2012|work=Stephenville Empire Tribune|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612163217/http://www.yourstephenvilletx.com/article/20120717/News/307179884|archive-date=June 12, 2018}}</ref> In 2013, Walmart began offering ] benefits to ].<ref name="Walmart's remarkable gay rights journey">{{cite web|url=https://qz.com/374896/walmarts-remarkable-gay-rights-journey/|title=Walmart's remarkable gay rights journey|first=Matt|last=Phillips|date=April 2015|access-date=March 19, 2018|archive-date=November 30, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201130224340/https://qz.com/374896/walmarts-remarkable-gay-rights-journey/|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2015, ], CEO of Walmart, issued a statement opposing ] and asked Governor ] to veto the bill.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://corporate.walmart.com/_news_/news-archive/2015/03/31/walmart-statement-on-arkansas-house-bill-1228|title=Walmart Statement on Arkansas House Bill 1228|website=corporate.walmart.com|access-date=March 16, 2018|archive-date=March 17, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180317102219/https://corporate.walmart.com/_news_/news-archive/2015/03/31/walmart-statement-on-arkansas-house-bill-1228|url-status=dead}}</ref> In 2016, Walmart began offering full healthcare benefits to its transgender employees.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.gayrva.com/news-views/wal-mart-adds-full-healthcare-benefits-for-transgender-employees/|title=Wal-Mart adds full healthcare benefits for transgender employees|website=GayRVA|access-date=April 9, 2019|archive-date=February 3, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190203072204/http://www.gayrva.com/news-views/wal-mart-adds-full-healthcare-benefits-for-transgender-employees/|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Criticism and controversies==
{{Main|Criticism of Walmart}}
Walmart has been subject to criticism from various groups and individuals, including ]s, community groups, ] organizations, religious organizations, environmental groups, firearm groups, and the company's own customers and employees. They have protested against the company's policies and business practices, including charges of racial and gender discrimination.<ref name="mkabel">Kabel, Marcus. " {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170525061530/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/07/18/AR2006071800981.html |date=May 25, 2017 }}". ''The Washington Post''. July 18, 2006. Retrieved July 31, 2006.</ref><ref>Sellers, Jeff M. (April 22, 2005). " {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081121092201/http://www.christianitytoday.com/ct/2005/116/52.0.html |date=November 21, 2008 }}". ''Christianity Today''. Retrieved July 31, 2006.</ref><ref>Sellers, Jeff M. (April 22, 2005). " {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081013214512/http://www.christianitytoday.com/ct/2005/005/17.40.html |date=October 13, 2008 }}". ''Christianity Today''. Retrieved July 31, 2006.</ref> Other areas of criticism include the company's foreign product sourcing, treatment of suppliers, employee compensation and working conditions, environmental practices, ], ], and ].<ref>Norman, Al (2004). ''The Case Against Wal-Mart''. Raphel Marketing, p. 7. {{ISBN|0-9711542-3-6}}.</ref><ref>{{cite news |url = https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2014/jun/10/supermarket-prawns-thailand-produced-slave-labour |title = Revealed: Asian slave labour producing prawns for supermarkets in US, UK |last1 = Hodal |first1 = Kate |first2 = Chris |last2 = Kelly |first3 = Felicity |last3 = Lawrence |date = June 10, 2014 |newspaper = The Guardian |quote = Charoen Pokphand (CP) Foods, buys fishmeal, which it feeds to its farmed prawns, from some suppliers that own, operate or buy from fishing boats manned with slaves. … CP Foods admits that slave labour is part of its supply chain. |access-date = June 11, 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140611032723/http://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2014/jun/10/supermarket-prawns-thailand-produced-slave-labour |archive-date = June 11, 2014}}</ref> Walmart denies doing anything wrong and maintains that low prices are the result of efficiency.<ref>Copeland, Larry. (March 13, 2006). " {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120905062401/http://www.usatoday.com/money/companies/2006-03-15-young-walmart-usat_x.htm |date=September 5, 2012 }}". ''USA Today''. Retrieved July 31, 2006.</ref><ref>Rodino Associates. (October 28, 2003). "". Los Angeles City Council. Retrieved July 31, 2006. {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090326214712/http://www.lacity.org/council/cd13/houscommecdev/cd13houscommecdev239629107_04262005.pdf |date=March 26, 2009 }}</ref><ref>Smith, Hedrick. " {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170525050919/http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/walmart/secrets/shots.html |date=May 25, 2017 }}" PBS. Retrieved July 31, 2006.</ref>

In 2012, Walmart’s pork and mango supply chain was contaminated, resulting in a large number of customers suffering from severe food poisoning. In order to resolve the incident immediately, Walmart recalled all contaminated pork and mangoes and emptied its inventory to prevent further sales.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Merrad |first1=Yaçine |last2=Habaebi |first2=Mohamed Hadi |last3=Elsheikh |first3=Elfatih A. A. |last4=Suliman |first4=Fakher Eldin M. |last5=Islam |first5=Md Rafiqul |last6=Gunawan |first6=Teddy Surya |last7=Mesri |first7=Mokhtaria |date=January 2022 |title=Blockchain: Consensus Algorithm Key Performance Indicators, Trade-Offs, Current Trends, Common Drawbacks, and Novel Solution Proposals |journal=Mathematics |language=en |volume=10 |issue=15 |pages=2754 |doi=10.3390/math10152754 |doi-access=free |issn=2227-7390}}</ref>

In April 2016, Walmart announced that it plans to eliminate eggs from ]s from its supply chain by 2025.<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://time.com/4282952/walmart-eggs-cage-free/|title=Walmart Will Sell Completely Cage-Free Eggs by 2025|author=Chan, Melissa|magazine=Time|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160816220136/http://time.com/4282952/walmart-eggs-cage-free/|archive-date=August 16, 2016|url-status=live|access-date=August 4, 2016}}</ref> The decision was particularly important because of Walmart's large ] and influence on the rest of the industry.<ref name="FortuneEgg">{{cite web|url=http://fortune.com/2016/04/05/walmart-vow-cage-free-eggs/|title=Walmart Is the Latest Retailer to Make a Cage-Free Egg Vow|author=Kell, John|work=Fortune|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160703042107/http://fortune.com/2016/04/05/walmart-vow-cage-free-eggs/|archive-date=July 3, 2016|url-status=live|access-date=August 4, 2016}}</ref><ref name="BloombergEgg">{{cite web|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2016-04-05/wal-mart-will-sell-100-cage-free-eggs-by-2025-in-industry-shift|title=Wal-Mart Will Switch to All Cage-Free Eggs by 2025|last=Turner|first=Nick|date=April 5, 2016|publisher=Bloomberg L.P.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160811172221/http://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2016-04-05/wal-mart-will-sell-100-cage-free-eggs-by-2025-in-industry-shift|archive-date=August 11, 2016|url-status=live|access-date=August 11, 2016}}</ref> The move was praised by major ] groups<ref name="Modern Farmer">{{cite web|url=http://modernfarmer.com/2016/04/walmart-cage-free-eggs/|title=Walmart Vows to Purchase All Eggs from Cage-Free Sources By 2025|author=Amelinckx, Andrew|date=April 13, 2016|publisher=Modern Farmer|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160817182424/http://modernfarmer.com/2016/04/walmart-cage-free-eggs/|archive-date=August 17, 2016|url-status=live|access-date=August 4, 2016}}</ref> but a poultry trade group representative expressed skepticism about the decision's impact.<ref name="Modern Farmer" /> Walmart's cage-free eggs will not come from ] producers, but rather ] where the birds will be allotted between 1 and 1.5 square feet each, a stressful arrangement which can cause ].<ref name="FortuneEgg" /><ref name="Modern Farmer" /> Unlike battery cages, the systems of Walmart's suppliers allow the hens to move around, but relative to battery cages they have higher hen mortality rates and present distinct environmental and worker health problems.<ref name="NYT Gelles">{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/07/17/business/eggs-that-clear-the-cages-but-maybe-not-the-conscience.html |title=Eggs That Clear the Cages, but Maybe Not the Conscience|author=Gelles, David|work=The New York Times|date=July 16, 2016 |access-date=August 4, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160722092649/http://www.nytimes.com/2016/07/17/business/eggs-that-clear-the-cages-but-maybe-not-the-conscience.html |archive-date=July 22, 2016|url-status=live}}</ref>

In March 2018, Walmart was sued by former Director of Business Development Tri Huynh for claims of reporting misleading e-commerce performance results in favor of the company. Huynh stated the company's move was an attempt to regain lost ground to competitor ].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.seattletimes.com/business/retail/whistle-blower-claims-walmart-cheated-in-race-with-amazon/|title=Whistle-blower claims Walmart cheated in race with Amazon|work=Seattle Times|date=March 15, 2018|access-date=November 8, 2019|archive-date=June 16, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200616182540/https://www.seattletimes.com/business/retail/whistle-blower-claims-walmart-cheated-in-race-with-amazon/|url-status=live}}</ref>

In September 2018, Walmart was sued by ] alleging that Walmart denied requests from pregnant employees to limit heavy lifting.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.insurancejournal.com/news/national/2018/09/24/502120.htm|title=U.S. Lawsuit Accuses Walmart of Bias Against Pregnant Employees|date=September 24, 2018|work=Insurance Journal|access-date=September 25, 2018|archive-date=June 16, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200616172939/https://www.insurancejournal.com/news/national/2018/09/24/502120.htm|url-status=live}}</ref>

In May 2019, the ] filed a lawsuit in the District of Columbia alleging consumer fraud and the endangering of its customers' health due to Walmart's practice of "selling ]] alongside real medicine, in the same sections in its stores, under the same signs", according to Nicholas Little, CFI's vice president and general counsel.<ref>{{cite magazine |last1=Fidalgo |first1=Paul |year=2019 |title=CFI Sues Walmart for Fraud for Selling Homeopathic Fake Medicine |magazine=] |volume=43 |issue=5 |page=5 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/nicolefisher/2019/05/31/americas-largest-retailer-sued-for-selling-fake-medicine/|title=America's Largest Retailer Sued For Selling Fake Medicine|last=Fisher|first=Nicole|website=Forbes|access-date=October 12, 2019|archive-date=December 21, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201221223415/https://www.forbes.com/sites/nicolefisher/2019/05/31/americas-largest-retailer-sued-for-selling-fake-medicine/|url-status=live}}</ref> On May 20, 2020, District of Columbia Superior Court Judge Florence Pan dismissed CFI's lawsuit, claiming that CFI had no standing as a consumer protection organization and failed to identify the specific actions on the part of Walmart that led to harm to consumers. CFI has challenged both of those arguments and is planning an appeal.<ref>{{cite magazine |date=September–October 2020 |title=Judge Dismisses CFI Suit Against Walmart On Homeopathy; Appeal Planned |magazine=] |location=Amherst, New York |publisher=] |access-date=}}</ref>

In July 2019, the Walmart ] was flooded with pro-union memes in a protest to the firing of an employee who posted confidential material to the subreddit.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nymag.com/intelligencer/2019/07/walmart-employees-post-union-memes-to-mess-with-corporate.html|title=Walmart Workers Realize Corporate Is Spying on Them, Retaliate With Union Memes|last=Feldman|first=Brian|date=July 12, 2019|website=Intelligencer|access-date=July 13, 2019|archive-date=November 8, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201108004540/https://nymag.com/intelligencer/2019/07/walmart-employees-post-union-memes-to-mess-with-corporate.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.vice.com/en_us/article/mb8y9a/the-walmart-subreddit-has-been-flooded-with-pro-union-memes|title=The Walmart Subreddit Has Been Flooded With Pro-Union Memes|last1=Ongweso|first1=Edward Jr|last2=Koebler|first2=Jason|date=July 11, 2019|website=Vice|access-date=July 13, 2019|archive-date=July 13, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190713035842/https://www.vice.com/en_us/article/mb8y9a/the-walmart-subreddit-has-been-flooded-with-pro-union-memes|url-status=live}}</ref> Many of these posts were angry with Walmart surveying its staff on the Internet. The posting of the union content is in response to the aforementioned alleged anti-union position Walmart has taken in the past.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newsweek.com/walmart-subreddit-union-memes-employee-benefits-1448795|title=Why Walmart employees are flooding its subreddit with pro-union memes|first=Andrew|last=Whalen|date=July 11, 2019|website=Newsweek|access-date=July 13, 2019|archive-date=December 12, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201212170037/https://www.newsweek.com/walmart-subreddit-union-memes-employee-benefits-1448795|url-status=live}}</ref>

In November 2021, a federal jury found that Walmart, along with ] and ], "had substantially contributed to" the ].<ref>{{Cite news|last=Hoffman|first=Jan|date=November 23, 2021|title=CVS, Walgreens and Walmart Fueled Opioid Crisis, Jury Finds|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/11/23/health/walmart-cvs-opioid-lawsuit-verdict.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211228/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/11/23/health/walmart-cvs-opioid-lawsuit-verdict.html |archive-date=December 28, 2021 |url-access=limited|access-date=December 7, 2021|issn=0362-4331}}{{cbignore}}</ref> The damages between the three chains in this suit totalled $650&nbsp;million. Damages claimed by the lawyers for ] and ] in ] were $3.3&nbsp;billion.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Walgreens, Walmart and CVS ordered to pay $650 million over opioid sales |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/walgreens-walmart-cvs-ordered-pay-650-million-opioid-sales-rcna43698 |access-date=August 20, 2022 |website=NBC News |date=August 18, 2022 |language=en |archive-date=August 20, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220820164340/https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/walgreens-walmart-cvs-ordered-pay-650-million-opioid-sales-rcna43698 |url-status=live }}</ref>

In June 2022, the ] (FTC) sued Walmart, alleging that the company facilitated money transfer fraud by allowing its money transfer services to be used by scammers who stole hundreds of millions of dollars from customers.<ref>{{Cite news |title=FTC sues Walmart, alleging it let scammers access money transfer service |language=en-US |newspaper=Washington Post |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/2022/06/29/walmart-ftc-lawsuit-money-transfer-fraud/ |access-date=July 27, 2022 |issn=0190-8286 |archive-date=August 9, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220809231216/https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/2022/06/29/walmart-ftc-lawsuit-money-transfer-fraud/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |agency=Associated Press |date=June 29, 2022 |title=The FTC sues Walmart for failing to block scammers' money transfers |language=en |work=NPR |url=https://www.npr.org/2022/06/29/1108562327/walmart-money-transfer-scammers-federal-trade-commission-lawsuit |access-date=July 27, 2022 |archive-date=July 27, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220727192547/https://www.npr.org/2022/06/29/1108562327/walmart-money-transfer-scammers-federal-trade-commission-lawsuit |url-status=live }}</ref>

===Crime problems===
According to an August 2016 report by '']'', aggressive cost-cutting decisions that began in 2000 when Lee Scott took over as CEO of the company led to a significant increase in crime in stores across the United States. These included the removal of the store's famed greeters, who are in part seen as a theft deterrent at exits, the replacement of many cashiers with self-checkout stations, and the addition of stores at a rate that exceeded the hiring of new employees, which led to a 19% increase in space per employee from a decade previous. While these decisions succeeded in increasing profits 23% in the decade that followed, they also led to an increase in both theft and violent crime.<ref name=":1"/><ref name="Crowley"/>

In 2015, under CEO ], Walmart began a company-wide campaign to reduce crime that included spot-checking receipts at exits, stationing employees at self-checkout areas, eye-level security cameras in high-theft areas, use of data analytics to detect credit fraud, hiring off-duty police and private security officers, and reducing calls to police with a program by which first-time offenders caught stealing merchandise below a certain value can avoid arrest if they agree to go through a theft-prevention program.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |url = https://www.bloomberg.com/features/2016-walmart-crime/ |title = Walmart's Out-of-Control Crime Problem is Driving Police Crazy |last = Pettypiece |first = Shannon |magazine = Bloomberg Businessweek |date = August 17, 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160818000539/https://www.bloomberg.com/features/2016-walmart-crime/ |archive-date = August 18, 2016}}</ref>

Law enforcement agencies across the United States have noted a burden on resources created by a disproportionate number of calls from Walmart. Experts have criticized the retailer for shifting its security burden onto the taxpayers.<ref name="Crowley"/> Across three Florida counties, approximately 9,000 police calls were logged to 53 Walmart stores but resulted in only a few hundred arrests.<ref name=":2">{{Cite news|url=https://projects.tampabay.com/projects/2016/public-safety/walmart-police/|title=Tampa Bay Walmarts get thousands of police calls leaving taxpayers to pay the bill.|access-date=February 12, 2018|archive-date=February 12, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180212201826/http://www.tampabay.com/projects/2016/public-safety/walmart-police/|url-status=live}}</ref> In ], 92% of ] calls to local police were from the Walmart store.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.wsoctv.com/news/9-investigates/walmart-has-become-crime-magnet-in-many-north-carolina-cities/695879615|title=Walmart has become crime magnet in many North Carolina cities|last=Faherty|first=Dave|date=February 9, 2018|publisher=WSOC|access-date=February 12, 2018|archive-date=February 11, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180211082801/http://www.wsoctv.com/news/9-investigates/walmart-has-become-crime-magnet-in-many-north-carolina-cities/695879615|url-status=live}}</ref> The trend is similar in rural, suburban, and urban areas. Police are called to Walmart stores 3 to 4 times as much as similar retailers such as Target.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.hudsonstarobserver.com/news/crime-and-courts/4303214-analysis-police-called-disproportionately-walmart-stores|title=Analysis: Police called disproportionately to Walmart stores|access-date=February 12, 2018|archive-date=February 13, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180213021643/http://www.hudsonstarobserver.com/news/crime-and-courts/4303214-analysis-police-called-disproportionately-walmart-stores|url-status=dead}}</ref> Experts say the chain and its razor-thin profit margins rely heavily on police to protect its bottom line. Walmart Supercenters top the list of those most visited by police.<ref name=":2"/>

In addition to hundreds of thousands of petty crimes, more than 200 violent crimes, including attempted kidnappings, stabbings, shootings, and murders occurred at the 4,500 Walmarts in the U.S. in 2016.<ref name=":1"/> In 2019, 23 people were killed in a ].<ref name="Curbs"/><ref name="NYT23"/>

On June 27, 2020, a shooting occurred at a Walmart distribution center in ], United States. One employee was killed and the shooter was killed by officers.<ref>{{Cite news|last1=Gross|first1=Jenny|last2=Fazio|first2=Marie|date=June 27, 2020|title=2 Dead in Shooting at Walmart Distribution Center in California, Official Says|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/27/us/walmart-shooting-red-bluff-california.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200628003004/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/27/us/walmart-shooting-red-bluff-california.html |archive-date=June 28, 2020 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|access-date=June 28, 2020|issn=0362-4331}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Two dead, four injured in Walmart distribution center shooting|date=June 28, 2020|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/two-dead-four-injured-walmart-distribution-center-shooting-n1232348|access-date=June 28, 2020|publisher=NBC News|archive-date=December 17, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201217234937/https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/two-dead-four-injured-walmart-distribution-center-shooting-n1232348|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=D'Angelo |first=Bob |title=2 killed, 4 injured in shooting at Walmart distribution center in California|url=https://www.kiro7.com/news/trending/least-3-injured-shooting-walmart-california/GXCU5YELERH3NIHV7YLS73IS7Y/|access-date=June 28, 2020|publisher=KIRO|archive-date=September 19, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200919031831/https://www.kiro7.com/news/trending/least-3-injured-shooting-walmart-california/GXCU5YELERH3NIHV7YLS73IS7Y/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=June 27, 2020|title=2 Dead In Shooting At Walmart Distribution Center In Red Bluff, Authorities Say|url=https://sacramento.cbslocal.com/2020/06/27/reports-of-active-shooter-at-walmart-distribution-center-in-red-bluff/|access-date=June 28, 2020|archive-date=October 2, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201002133901/https://sacramento.cbslocal.com/2020/06/27/reports-of-active-shooter-at-walmart-distribution-center-in-red-bluff/|url-status=live}}</ref>

==In popular culture ==
* "]" – a 2004 episode of ]'s '']''
*A Walmart Supercenter appeared in the 2021 film '']'', at a fictional ] town, Summerville. It was filmed in a Walmart store (Store #3013) on location in ] shopping center at ], Alberta.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Inguanzo |first1=Ozzy |title=Ghostbusters: Afterlife: The Art and Making of the Movie |date=November 2021 |publisher=Titan Books |location=London |isbn=9781789096521 |page=158 |edition=First}}</ref>
*Gail Lewis had worked at the ] Walmart for ten years. Lewis signed off for the final time in her November 16, 2023 ] video, which went viral and amassed 25 million views in ten days.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Browning |first=Oliver |date=27 November 2023 |title=Long-time Walmart worker's emotional goodbye message goes viral: 'End of an era' |website=] |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/tv/lifestyle/walmart-careers-viral-goodbye-message-b2454134.html}}</ref> Lewis described her coworkers as family but that she was looking forward to her new job. In a ] message to ], Lewis gave thanks for the support and said she had already started her new job and "loves the work".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Stefanski |first=Matt |date=2023-11-25 |title=Illinois Walmart employee's sign-off message after 10 years on the job goes viral |url=https://www.nbcchicago.com/news/local/gail-lewis-illinois-walmart-employee-sign-off-message-after-10-years-on-the-job-goes-viral/3286953/ |access-date=2024-05-29 |website=NBC Chicago |language=en-US}}</ref>

==See also==
{{Portal|United States|Business and economics|Companies}}
* ]
* ]
* ]
* ] – former name of a golf tournament
* '']'' – a 2005 documentary film by director ]
* ] – a ]
* '']'' – a 2005 rebuttal to the Greenwald documentary

==Notes==
{{Notelist}}{{Notelist}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
{{Wikinews category|Wal-Mart}}
* {{Official website}}
*
{{Finance links
| name = Walmart Inc.
| symbol = WMT
| sec_cik = 104169
| yahoo = WMT
| google = WMT
| stockrow = WMT
}}
* {{OpenCorp|Walmart}}

{{Walmart}}
{{Dow Jones Industrial Average companies}}
{{Major retail companies}}
{{Supermarkets of the United States}}
{{Supermarkets in Argentina}}
{{authority control}}

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Latest revision as of 10:07, 21 December 2024

American multinational retail corporation operating department stores This article is about the retail chain. For other uses, see Walmart (disambiguation).

Walmart Inc.
Walmart location in Onalaska, Wisconsin
Formerly
  • Wal-Mart Discount City (1962–1969)
  • Wal-Mart, Inc. (1969–1970)
  • Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. (1970–2018)
Company typePublic
Traded as
ISINUS9311421039
IndustryRetail
PredecessorWalton's Five and Dime
FoundedJuly 2, 1962; 62 years ago (1962-07-02), in Rogers, Arkansas
FoundersSam Walton, Bud Walton
HeadquartersBentonville, Arkansas, United States
36°21′56″N 94°13′03″W / 36.36556°N 94.21750°W / 36.36556; -94.21750
Number of locations10,586 (2022)
Area servedWorldwide
Key people
Services
Revenue Increase US$648.12 billion (FY2024)
Operating incomeIncrease US$27.0 billion (FY2024)
Net incomeIncrease US$16.27 billion (FY2024)
Total assets Increase US$252.399 billion (FY2024)
Total equityIncrease US$90.349 billion (FY2024)
OwnerWalton family (50.85%)
Number of employees2,100,000 (Jan. 2024)
Divisions
  • Walmart U.S.
  • Walmart International
  • Sam's Club
  • Global eCommerce
SubsidiariesList of subsidiaries
Websitewalmart.com
Footnotes / references

Walmart Inc. ( /ˈwɔːlmɑːrt/ ; formerly Wal-Mart Stores, Inc.) is an American multinational retail corporation that operates a chain of hypermarkets (also called supercenters), discount department stores, and grocery stores in the United States and 23 other countries. It is headquartered in Bentonville, Arkansas. The company was founded by brothers Sam and James "Bud" Walton in nearby Rogers, Arkansas, in 1962 and incorporated under Delaware General Corporation Law on October 31, 1969. It also owns and operates Sam's Club retail warehouses.

As of October 31, 2022, Walmart has 10,586 stores and clubs in 24 countries, operating under 46 different names. The company operates under the name Walmart in the United States and Canada, as Walmart de México y Centroamérica in Mexico and Central America, and as Flipkart Wholesale in India. It has wholly owned operations in Chile and a majority stake in Massmart in South Africa. Since August 2018, Walmart held only a minority stake in Walmart Brasil, which was renamed Grupo Big in August 2019, with 20 percent of the company's shares, and private equity firm Advent International holding 80% ownership of the company. They eventually divested their shareholdings in Grupo Big to French retailer Carrefour, in transaction worth R$7 billion and completed on June 7, 2022.

Walmart is the world's largest company by revenue, according to the Fortune Global 500 list in October 2022. In February 2023, Walmart announced that its FY2023 total revenue was $611.3 billion. Walmart is also the largest private employer in the world with 2.1 million employees. It is a publicly traded family-owned business, as the company is controlled by the Walton family. Sam Walton's heirs own over 50 percent of Walmart through both their holding company Walton Enterprises and their individual holdings. Walmart was the largest United States grocery retailer in 2019, and 65 percent of Walmart's US$510.329 billion sales came from U.S. operations.

Walmart was listed on the New York Stock Exchange in 1972. By 1988, it was the most profitable retailer in the U.S., and it had become the largest in terms of revenue by October 1989. The company was originally geographically limited to the South and lower Midwest, but it had stores from coast to coast by the early 1990s. Sam's Club opened in New Jersey in November 1989, and the first California outlet opened in Lancaster, in July 1990. A Walmart in York, Pennsylvania, opened in October 1990, the first main store in the Northeast.

Walmart's investments outside the U.S. have seen mixed results. Its operations and subsidiaries in Canada, the United Kingdom (ASDA), Central America, Chile (Líder), and China are successful, but its ventures failed in Germany, Japan, South Korea, Brazil and Argentina.

History

Main article: History of Walmart

1945–1969: Early history

Founder Sam Walton
Picture of Sam Walton's original Five and Dime store in Bentonville, Arkansas, now serving as The Walmart Museum.
Sam Walton's original Walton's Five and Dime Store in Bentonville, Arkansas, now serving as The Walmart Museum

In 1945, businessman and former J. C. Penney employee Sam Walton bought a branch of the Ben Franklin stores from the Butler Brothers. His primary focus was selling products at low prices to get higher-volume sales at a lower profit margin, portraying it as a crusade for the consumer. He experienced setbacks because the lease price and branch purchase were unusually high, but he was able to find lower-cost suppliers than those used by other stores and was consequently able to undercut his competitors on pricing. Sales increased 45 percent in his first year of ownership to US$105,000 in revenue, which increased to $140,000 the next year and $175,000 the year after that. Within the fifth year, the store was generating $250,000 in revenue. The lease then expired for the location and Walton was unable to reach an agreement for renewal, so he opened up a new store at 105 N. Main Street in Bentonville, naming it "Walton's Five and Dime". That store is now the Walmart Museum.

Wal-Mart logo from 1962 to 1964

On July 2, 1962, Walton opened the first Wal-Mart Discount City store at 719 W. Walnut Street in Rogers, Arkansas. Its design was inspired by Ann & Hope, which Walton visited in 1961, as did Kmart founder Harry B. Cunningham. The name was derived from FedMart, a chain of discount department stores founded by Sol Price in 1954, whom Walton was also inspired by. Walton stated that he liked the idea of calling his discount chain "Wal-Mart" because he "really liked Sol's FedMart name". The building is now occupied by a hardware store and an antiques mall, while the company's "Store #1" has since expanded to a Supercenter several blocks west at 2110 W. Walnut Street. Within its first five years, the company expanded to 18 stores in Arkansas and reached $9 million in sales. In 1968, it opened its first stores outside Arkansas in Sikeston, Missouri and Claremore, Oklahoma.

1969–1990: Incorporation and growth as a regional power

Wal-Mart logo from 1966 to 1981

The company was incorporated under Delaware General Corporation Law as Wal-Mart, Inc. on October 31, 1969, and changed its name to Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. in 1970. The same year, the company opened a home office and first distribution center in Bentonville, Arkansas. It had 38 stores operating with 1,500 employees and sales of $44.2 million. It began trading stock as a publicly held company on October 1, 1970, and was soon listed on the New York Stock Exchange. The first stock split occurred in May 1971 for $47 per share. By this time, Wal-Mart was operating in five states: Arkansas, Kansas, Louisiana, Missouri, and Oklahoma; it entered Tennessee in 1973 and Kentucky and Mississippi in 1974. As the company moved into Texas in 1975, there were 125 stores with 7,500 employees and total sales of $340.3 million.

Wal-Mart logo from 1981 to 1992

In the 1980s, Wal-Mart briefly experimented with a precursor to the Supercenter, the Hyper-Mart. Four stores combined features of discount stores, supermarkets, pharmacies, video arcades, and other amenities. Wal-Mart continued to grow rapidly, and by the company's 25th anniversary in 1987, there were 1,198 Wal-Mart stores with sales of $15.9 billion and 200,000 associates. One reason for Wal-Mart's success between 1980 and 2000 is believed to be its contiguous pattern of expansion over time, building new distribution centers in a hub and spoke framework within driving distance of existing Supercenters.

The company's satellite network was also completed in 1987, a $24 million investment linking all stores with two-way voice and data transmissions and one-way video communications with the Bentonville office. At the time, the company was the largest private satellite network, allowing the corporate office to track inventory and sales and to instantly communicate with stores. By 1984, Sam Walton had begun to source between 6% and 40% of his company's products from China. In 1988, Walton stepped down as CEO and was replaced by David Glass. Walton remained as chairman of the board. During this year, the first Wal-Mart Supercenter opened in Washington, Missouri.

With the contribution of its superstores, the company surpassed Toys "R" Us in toy sales in 1998.

1990–2005: Retail rise to multinational status

Wal-Mart logo from 1992 to 2008

While it was the third-largest retailer in the United States, Wal-Mart was more profitable than rivals Kmart and Sears by the late 1980s. By 1990, it became the largest U.S. retailer by revenue.

Prior to the summer of 1990, Wal-Mart had no presence on the West Coast or in the Northeast (except for a single Sam's Club in New Jersey which opened in November 1989), but in July and October that year, it opened its first stores in California and Pennsylvania, respectively. By the mid-1990s, it was the most powerful retailer in the U.S. and expanded into Mexico in 1991 and Canada in 1994. Wal-Mart stores opened throughout the rest of the U.S., with Vermont being the last state to get a store in 1995.

The company also opened stores outside North America, entering South America in 1995 with stores in Argentina and Brazil; and Europe in July 1999, buying Asda in the United Kingdom for US$10 billion.

In 1997, Wal-Mart was added to the Dow Jones Industrial Average.

In 1998, Wal-Mart introduced the Neighborhood Market concept with three stores in Arkansas. By 2005, estimates indicate that the company controlled about 20 percent of the retail grocery and consumables business.

In 2000, H. Lee Scott became Wal-Mart's president and CEO as the company's sales increased to $165 billion. In 2002, it was listed for the first time as America's largest corporation on the Fortune 500 list, with revenues of $219.8 billion and profits of $6.7 billion. It has remained there every year except 2006, 2009, and 2012.

In 2005, Wal-Mart reported US$312.4 billion in sales, more than 6,200 facilities around the world—including 3,800 stores in the United States and 2,800 elsewhere, employing more than 1.6 million associates. Its U.S. presence grew so rapidly that only small pockets of the country remained more than 60 miles (97 kilometers) from the nearest store.

As Wal-Mart expanded rapidly into the world's largest corporation, many critics worried about its effect on local communities, particularly small towns with many "mom and pop" stores. There have been several studies on the economic impact of Wal-Mart on small towns and local businesses, jobs, and taxpayers. Kenneth Stone, a professor of economics, found that some small towns can lose almost half of their retail trade within ten years of a Wal-Mart store opening. However, in another study, he compared the changes to what small-town shops had faced in the past—including the development of the railroads, the advent of the Sears Roebuck catalog, and the arrival of shopping malls—and concluded that shop owners who adapt to changes in the retail market can thrive after Wal-Mart arrives. A later study in collaboration with Mississippi State University showed that there are "both positive and negative impacts on existing stores in the area where the new supercenter locates".

In the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina in September 2005, Wal-Mart used its logistics network to organize a rapid response to the disaster, donating $20 million, 1,500 truckloads of merchandise, food for 100,000 meals, and the promise of a job for every one of its displaced workers. An independent study by Steven Horwitz of St. Lawrence University found that Wal-Mart, The Home Depot, and Lowe's made use of their local knowledge about supply chains, infrastructure, decision makers and other resources to provide emergency supplies and reopen stores well before the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) began its response. While the company was overall lauded for its quick response amidst criticism of FEMA, several critics were quick to point out that there still remained issues with the company's labor relations.

In 2006, Charles Fishman published The Wal-Mart Effect, examining the operation of Wal-Mart's supply chain. His book caught the attention of the press and the public. Fishman's case studies illustrate Wal-Mart's drive to lower costs and achieve greater efficiency and suggest that it may have significant upstream effects. Since Fishman's book was published, Wal-Mart has more than doubled in size. Further research on Wal-Mart's role in the food supply chain has tended to be limited and anecdotal.

2005–2010: Initiatives

Aerial view of dozens of solar panels distributed around the roof of a Walmart store
Solar modules mounted on a Walmart Supercenter in Caguas, Puerto Rico (Store #2449)

Environmental initiatives

In November 2005, Wal-Mart announced several environmental measures to increase energy efficiency and improve its overall environmental record, which had previously been lacking. The company's primary goals included spending $500 million a year to increase fuel efficiency in Wal-Mart's truck fleet by 25 percent over three years and double it within ten; reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 20 percent in seven years; reduce energy use at stores by 30 percent; and cut solid waste from U.S. stores and Sam's Clubs by 25 percent in three years. CEO Lee Scott said that Wal-Mart's goal was to be a "good steward of the environment" and ultimately use only renewable energy sources and produce zero waste. The company also designed three new experimental stores with wind turbines, photovoltaic solar panels, biofuel-capable boilers, water-cooled refrigerators, and xeriscape gardens. In this time, Wal-Mart also became the biggest seller of organic milk and the biggest buyer of organic cotton in the world, while reducing packaging and energy costs. In 2007, the company worked with outside consultants to discover its total environmental impact and find areas for improvement. Wal-Mart created its own electric company in Texas, named Texas Retail Energy, which planned to supply its stores with cheap power purchased at wholesale prices. Through this new venture, the company expected to save $15 million annually and also to lay the groundwork and infrastructure to sell electricity to Texas consumers in the future.

Branding and store design changes

In 2006, Wal-Mart announced that it would remodel its U.S. stores to help it appeal to a wider variety of demographics, including more affluent shoppers. As part of the initiative, the company launched a new store in Plano, Texas, that included high-end electronics, jewelry, expensive wines and a sushi bar.

On September 12, 2007, Wal-Mart introduced new advertising with the slogan, "Save money. Live better.", replacing the previous slogan "Always Low Prices, Always", which it had used since 1988. Global Insight, which conducted the research that supported the ads, found that Wal-Mart's price level reduction resulted in savings for consumers of $287 billion in 2006, which equated to $957 per person or $2,500 per household (up 7.3 percent from the 2004 savings estimate of $2,329).

On June 30, 2008, Wal-Mart removed the hyphen from its logo and replaced the star with a Spark symbol. The store branding became "Walmart", with the corporate name remaining with the hyphen as "Wal-Mart". The new logo received mixed reviews from design critics who questioned whether the new logo was as bold as those of competitors, such as the Target bullseye, or as instantly recognizable as the previous company's logo, which was used for 18 years. The new logo made its debut on the company's website on July 1, 2008, and its U.S. locations updated store logos in the fall of 2008. Walmart Canada started to adopt the logo for its stores in early 2009.

Acquisitions and employee benefits

On March 20, 2009, Walmart announced that it was paying a combined US$933.6 million in bonuses to every full and part-time hourly worker. This was in addition to $788.8 million in profit sharing, 401(k) pension contributions, hundreds of millions of dollars in merchandise discounts, and contributions to the employees' stock purchase plan. While the economy at large was in an ongoing recession, Walmart reported solid financial figures for the fiscal year ending January 31, 2009, with $401.2 billion in net sales, a gain of 7.2 percent from the prior year. Income from continuing operations increased 3 percent to $13.3 billion, and earnings per share rose 6 percent to $3.35.

On February 22, 2010, the company confirmed it was acquiring video streaming company Vudu, Inc. for an estimated $100 million.

2011–2019

A truck converted to run on biofuel

Walmart's truck fleet logs millions of miles each year, and the company planned to double the fleet's efficiency between 2005 and 2015. Fifteen based at Walmart's Buckeye, Arizona, distribution center were converted to run on biofuel from reclaimed cooking grease made during food preparation at Walmart stores.

On November 14, 2012, Walmart launched its first mail subscription service called Goodies. Customers pay a $7 monthly subscription for five to eight delivered food samples each month. The service shut down in late 2013.

In August 2013, the firm announced it was in talks to acquire a majority stake in the Kenya-based supermarket chain, Naivas.

In June 2014, some Walmart employees went on strike in major U.S. cities demanding higher wages. In July 2014, American actor and comedian Tracy Morgan launched a lawsuit against Walmart seeking punitive damages over a multi-car pile-up which the suit alleges was caused by the driver of one of the firm's tractor-trailers who had not slept for 24 hours. Morgan's limousine was apparently hit by the trailer, injuring him and two fellow passengers and killing a fourth, fellow comedian James McNair. Walmart settled with the McNair family for $10 million, while admitting no liability. Morgan and Walmart reached a settlement in 2015 for an undisclosed amount, though Walmart later accused its insurers of "bad faith" in refusing to pay the settlement.

In 2015, Walmart was the biggest U.S. commercial producer of solar power with 142 MW capacity, and had 17 energy storage projects. This solar was primarily on rooftops, whereas there is an additional 20,000 m for solar canopies over parking lots.

Walmart Supercenter in Grundy, Virginia (Store #3303). This store was built as part of a $200 million revitalization project. The store was built on top of a two-story parking garage, the only one of its kind in the United States.

On January 15, 2016, Walmart announced it would close 269 stores in 2016, affecting 16,000 workers. Of the stores earmarked for closure, 154 were in the U.S., 95% of which were located, on average, 10 miles from another Walmart store. The 269 stores represented less than 1 percent of global square footage and revenue for the company. The 102 locations of Neighborhood Markets that were formerly or originally planned to be Walmart Express, which had been in a pilot program since 2011 and converted in to Neighborhood Markets in 2014, were included in the closures. Walmart planned to focus on "strengthening Supercenters, optimizing Neighborhood Markets, growing the e-commerce business and expanding pickup services for customers". In fiscal 2017, the company plans to open between 50 and 60 Supercenters, 85 to 95 Neighborhood Markets, 7 to 10 Sam's Clubs, and 200 to 240 international locations. At the end of fiscal 2017, Walmart opened 38 Supercenters and relocated, expanded or converted 21 discount stores into Supercenters, for a total of 59 Supercenters, and opened 69 Neighborhood Markets, 8 Sam's Clubs, and 173 international locations, and relocated, expanded or converted 4 locations for a total of 177 international locations. On August 8, 2016, Walmart announced a deal to acquire e-commerce website Jet.com for US$3.3 billion. Jet.com co-founder and CEO Marc Lore stayed on to run Jet.com in addition to Walmart's existing U.S. e-commerce operation. The acquisition was structured as a payout of $3 billion in cash, and an additional $300 million in Walmart stock vested over time as part of an incentive bonus plan for Jet.com executives. On October 19, 2016, Walmart announced it would partner with IBM and Tsinghua University to track the pork supply chain in China using blockchain. The use of blockchain to automate the tracking of the supply chain promises the potential for Walmart to save money and thus increase profits.

On February 15, 2017, Walmart announced the acquisition of Moosejaw, a leading online active outdoor retailer, for approximately $51 million. The acquisition closed on February 13, 2017. On June 16, 2017, Walmart agreed to acquire the men's apparel company Bonobos for $310 million in an effort to expand its fashion holdings. On September 29, 2017, Walmart acquired Parcel, a same-day and last-mile delivery company in Brooklyn. In 2018, Walmart started crowdsourcing delivery services to customers using drivers' private vehicles, under the brand "Spark".

On December 6, 2017, Walmart announced that it would change its corporate name to Walmart Inc. from Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. effective February 1, 2018.

On January 11, 2018, Walmart announced that 63 Sam's Club locations would be closing. Some of the stores had already liquidated, without notifying employees; some employees learned by a company-wide email delivered January 11. Walmart said that ten of the stores will become e-commerce distribution centers and employees can reapply to work at those locations. Business Insider magazine calculated that over 11,000 workers would be affected. On the same day, Walmart announced that as a result of the new tax law, it would be raising Walmart starting wages, distributing bonuses, expanding its leave policies and contributing toward the cost of employees' adoptions. Doug McMillon, Walmart's CEO, said, "We are early in the stages of assessing the opportunities tax reform creates for us to invest in our customers and associates and to further strengthen our business, all of which should benefit our shareholders."

It was reported that Walmart is now looking at entering the subscription-video space, hoping to compete with Netflix and Amazon. They have enlisted the help of former Epix CEO, Mark Greenberg, to help develop a low-cost subscription video-streaming service.

On February 26, 2019, Walmart announced that it had acquired Tel Aviv-based product review start-up Aspectiva for an undisclosed sum.

In May 2019, Walmart announced the launch of free one-day shipping on more than 220,000 items with minimum purchase amount of $35.

In September 2019, Walmart made the announcement that it would cease the sale of all e-cigarettes due to "regulatory complexity and uncertainty" over the products. Earlier in 2019, Walmart stopped selling fruit-flavored e-cigarette and had raised the minimum age to 21 for the purchase of products containing tobacco. That same month, Walmart opened its first Health Center, a "medical mall" where customers can purchase primary care services. Prices without insurance were listed, for instance, at $30 for an annual physical and $45 for a counseling session. Continuing with its health care initiative, they opened a 2,600 square feet (240 m) health and wellness clinic prototype in Springdale, Arkansas just to expand services.

By October 2019, Walmart stopped selling all live fish and aquatic plants.

2020s: Continuing growth and development

Signs on a Walmart indicated changes due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

In early 2020, the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic forced temporary measures such as store closures, limited store occupancy, large-scale employee dismissal, and the enforcement of social distancing protocols for Walmart and many other companies. Store hours were adjusted to allow cleaning and stocking. Limits on items were placed due to the rise of panic buying.

During the pandemic, Walmart changed some of its employee benefits. Employees were able to decide to stay home and take unpaid leave if they feel unable to work or uncomfortable coming to work. Additionally, Walmart employees who contract the virus would receive "up to two weeks of pay". After two weeks, hourly associates who are unable to return to work are eligible for up to 26 weeks in pay. Walmart paid pandemic bonuses of $428 million to its staff. People who did part-time or temporary work received a bonus of $150 while those who worked full-time received a bonus of $300. Starting in July 2020, Walmart customers were required to wear masks in all stores nationwide, including Sam's Club. By February 2022, the COVID-19 restrictions such as the mask requirements and employee benefits were lifted.

In the first quarter of 2020, consumers responded to COVID by shopping less frequently (5.6% fewer transactions), and buying more when they did shop (16.5%). As people shifted from eating out to eating at home, net sales at Walmart increased by 10.5%, while online sales rose by 74%. Although Walmart experienced a 5.5% increase in operating expenses, its net income increased by 3.9%. In the third quarter of 2020, Walmart reported revenue of $134.7 billion, representing a year-on-year increase of 5.2 percent.

In December 2020, Walmart launched a new service, Carrier Pickup, that allows the customers to schedule returns.

In January 2021, Walmart announced that the company is launching a fintech startup, with venture partner Ribbit Capital, to provide financial products for consumers and employees.

In February 2021, Walmart acquired technology from Thunder Industries, which uses automation to create digital ads, to expand its online marketing capabilities.

In May 2021, Walmart acquired the Israeli startup Zeekit for $200 million. Zeekit uses artificial intelligence to allow customers to try on clothing via a dynamic virtual platform.

In August 2021, Walmart announced it would open its Spark crowdsource delivery to other businesses as a white-label service, competing with Postmates and online food ordering delivery companies.

In December 2021, Walmart announced it will participate in the Stephens Investment Conference Wednesday, and the Morgan Stanley Virtual Global Consumer & Retail Conference. In June 2022, Walmart announced it would be acquiring Memomi, an AR optical tech company.

In August 2022, Walmart announced it would be acquiring Volt Systems, a vendor management and product tracking software company. Walmart announced it was partnering with Paramount to offer Paramount+ content to its Walmart+ subscribers in a bid to better compete with Amazon.

In August 2022, Walmart announced that locations were not going back to 24 hours with most stores now being open between 6am and 11pm.

In January 2023, Walmart announced it would raise its minimum wage for U.S. hourly workers from $12 to $14 an hour. Approximately 340,000 employees are expected to receive a raise, effective in early March 2023, and Walmart's U.S. average wage is expected to be over $17.50. The company also announced it would be adding additional college degrees and certificates to its Live Better U program.

In February 2023, Walmart announced that they had made $611.3 billion in sales in the previous financial year, up 6.7%, which included a bump in the fourth quarter of the year, which saw $164 billion in sales. Profits for the company were also up, almost doubled from the previous year.

In April 2023, the company announced it would add electric vehicle charging stations at thousands of stores by 2030, which would be on top of the almost 1,300 existing stations that were in operation at 280 company locations at the time of the announcement. CNBC noted that the company stated it had more than 4,700 stores and 600 Sam Club's stores that were located within 10 miles of roughly 90% of Americans.

In January 2024, Walmart announced it would open over 150 stores in the U.S. over the next five years while remodeling 650 existing ones across 47 states and Puerto Rico. This was a reversal for the company, which had been in a period of de-emphasizing new store openings as it focused on online competition, in particular from Amazon, and came amid an overall greater industry focus on traditional retail in the post-pandemic area.

In February 2024, the company announced that its "Project Gigaton" initiative begun in 2017 to reduce its Scope 3 emissions from suppliers by 1 billion metric tons by 2030 had reached its goal 6 years early, and that 75% of its net sales in fiscal year 2023 were from suppliers participating in the initiative.

In 2024, Walmart reported that they were planning to remove the self checkout from some stores due to feedback.

On August 27, 2024, Walmart announced a new service to transport goods from Asia to U.S. and compete more effectively with Amazon.

On November 25, 2024, Walmart announced that it is ending its diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) programs, in addition to delisting products designed for transgender minors such as breast binders.

Acquisitions and employee benefits

In February 2024, the company announced that managers will be given stock grants of up to $20,000, Walmart also announced a 3–1 stock split that will make it easier for employees to buy company stock. Such stock rewards for rank-and-file employees are rare in the retail industry, which analysts say could generate $20 billion in revenue for the average household in the near future. The company is also raising the starting base salary for store managers and increasing the bonus plan of up to 200 per cent of their regular salaries.

Also in February, Walmart entered into an agreement to acquire Vizio for $2.3 billion with the intention to expand its advertising sales in video content that streams for free on Vizio devices.

Operating divisions

See also: List of assets owned by Walmart
Map of countries with Walmart stores
Legend:   Current market locations   Former market locations   No current market locations

As of 2016, Walmart's operations are organized into four divisions: Walmart U.S., Walmart International, Sam's Club and Global eCommerce. In the United States, Walmart's stores operate in four formats: discount, Supercenters, Neighborhood Markets, and Sam's Club stores. Walmart International stores include additional formats such as supermarkets, hypermarkets, cash-and-carry stores, home improvement, specialty electronics, restaurants, apparel stores, drugstores, and convenience stores.

Walmart U.S.

Walmart U.S. is the company's largest division, accounting for US$331.666 billion, or 65 percent of total sales, for fiscal 2019. It consists of three retail formats that have become commonplace in the United States: Supercenters, Discount Stores, Neighborhood Markets, and other small formats. The discount stores sell a variety of mostly non-grocery products, though emphasis has now shifted towards supercenters, which include more groceries. As of October 31, 2022, there are a total of 4,720 Walmart U.S. stores. In the United States, 90 percent of the population resides within 10 miles of a Walmart store. The total number of Walmart U.S. stores and Sam's Clubs combined is 5,320. The president and CEO of Walmart U.S. is John Furner.

Walmart Supercenter

A Walmart Supercenter store
A Walmart Supercenter in Windham, Connecticut (Store #2022)

Walmart Supercenters, branded simply as "Walmart", are hypermarkets with sizes varying from 69,000 to 260,000 square feet (6,400 to 24,200 square meters), but averaging about 178,000 square feet (16,500 square meters). These stock general merchandise and a full-service supermarket, including meat and poultry, baked goods, delicatessen, frozen foods, dairy products, garden produce, and fresh seafood. Many Walmart Supercenters also have a garden center, pet shop, pharmacy, Tire & Lube Express, optical center, one-hour photo processing lab, portrait studio, and numerous alcove shops, such as cellular phone stores, hair and nail salons, video rental stores, local bank branches (such as Woodforest National Bank branches in newer locations), and fast food outlets.

Many Walmart Supercenters currently feature McDonald's or Subway restaurants. In some Canadian locations, Tim Hortons were opened. Recently, in several Supercenters, like the Tallahassee, Florida and the Palm Desert, California locations, Walmart added Burger King to their locations, and the location in Glen Burnie, Maryland, due to its past as a hypermarket called Leedmark, boasts an Auntie Anne's and an Italian restaurant. Some Walmart locations in Canada have Axess Law locations, Mary Brown's, Burger King and McDonald's, and Atlantic Lottery Corporation locations in the Atlantic region. Some U.S. locations have Wendy's, Domino's, Taco Bell, Claire's, and small arcades called GamePlay. Very few U.S. locations have KFC, Hardee's, Papa John's, Dairy Queen, Little Caesars, and A&W Restaurants.

Some locations also have fuel stations which sell gasoline distributed by Murphy USA (which spun off from Murphy Oil in 2013), Sunoco ("Optima"), the Tesoro Corporation ("Mirastar"), USA Gasoline, and even now Walmart-branded gas stations.

The first Supercenter opened in Washington, Missouri, in 1988. A similar concept, Hypermart USA, had opened a year earlier in Garland, Texas. All Hypermart USA stores were later closed or converted into Supercenters.

As of October 31, 2022, there were 3,572 Walmart Supercenters in 49 of the 50 U.S. states, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico. Hawaii is the only state to not have a Supercenter location. The largest Supercenter in the world, covering 260,000 square feet (24,000 square meters) on two floors, is located in Crossgates Commons in Albany, New York.

A typical supercenter sells approximately 120,000 items, compared to the 35 million products sold in Walmart's online store.

The "Supercenter" name has since been phased out, with these stores now simply referred to as "Walmart", since the company introduced the new Walmart logo in 2008. However, the branding is still used in Walmart's Canadian stores (spelled as "Supercentre" in Canadian English).

Walmart Discount Store

The exterior of a Walmart Discount Store in Charlotte, North Carolina
The exterior of a Walmart Discount Store in Charlotte, North Carolina (Store #1821)

Walmart Discount Stores, also branded as simply "Walmart", are discount department stores with sizes varying from 30,000 to 221,000 square feet (2,800 to 20,500 square meters), with the average store covering 105,000 square feet (9,800 square meters). They carry general merchandise and limited groceries. Some newer and remodeled discount stores have an expanded grocery department, similar to Target's PFresh department. Many of these stores also feature a garden center, pharmacy, Tire & Lube Express, optical center, one-hour photo processing lab, portrait studio, a bank branch, a cell phone store, and a fast food outlet. Some also have gasoline stations. Discount Stores were Walmart's original concept, though they have since been surpassed by Supercenters.

In 1990, Walmart opened its first Bud's Discount City location in Bentonville. Bud's operated as a closeout store, much like Big Lots. Many locations were opened to fulfill leases in shopping centers as Walmart stores left and moved into newly built Supercenters. All of the Bud's Discount City stores had closed or converted into Walmart Discount Stores by 1997.

At its peak in 1996, there were 1,995 Walmart Discount Stores; as of October 31, 2022, that number was dropped to 365.

Walmart Neighborhood Market

A 24-hour Walmart Neighborhood Market in Valdosta, Georgia (Store #6732)

Walmart Neighborhood Market, sometimes branded as "Neighborhood Market by Walmart" or informally known as "Neighborhood Walmart", is Walmart's chain of supermarkets ranging from 28,000 to 65,000 square feet (2,600 to 6,000 square meters) and averaging about 42,000 square feet (3,900 square meters), about a fifth of the size of a Walmart Supercenter. The first Walmart Neighborhood Market opened ten years after the first Supercenter opened, but Walmart did not focus on the smaller grocery store format until the 2010s.

The stores focus on three of Walmart's major sales categories: groceries, which account for about 55 percent of the company's revenue, pharmacy, and, at some stores, fuel. For groceries and consumables, the stores sell fresh produce, deli and bakery items, prepared foods, meat, dairy, organic, general grocery and frozen foods, in addition to cleaning products and pet supplies. Some stores offer wine and beer sales and drive-through pharmacies. Some stores, such as one at Midtown Center in Bentonville, Arkansas, offer made-to-order pizza with a seating area for eating. Customers can also use Walmart's site-to-store operation and pick up online orders at Walmart Neighborhood Market stores just like the Supercenters and Discount Stores

Products at Walmart Neighborhood Market stores have the same prices as those at Walmart's larger supercenters. A Moody's Investors Service analyst said the wider company's pricing structure gives the chain of grocery stores a "competitive advantage" over competitors Whole Foods Market, Kroger and Trader Joe's.

Neighborhood Market stores expanded slowly at first as a way to fill gaps between Walmart Supercenters and Discount Stores in existing markets. In its first 12 years, the company opened about 180 Walmart Neighborhood Markets. By 2010, Walmart said it was ready to accelerate its expansion plans for the grocery stores. As of October 31, 2022, there were 682 Walmart Neighborhood Markets, each employing between 90 and 95 full-time and part-time workers. The total number of Neighborhood Markets and other small formats combined is 783.

Former stores and concepts

A Walmart Neighborhood Market originally planned to be a Walmart Express in Alma, Georgia in September 2015 (Store #4229). This location closed in 2016 as part of a plan to close 269 stores globally.

Walmart opened Supermercado de Walmart locations to appeal to Hispanic communities in the United States. The first one, a 39,000-square-foot (3,600-square-meter) store in the Spring Branch area of Houston, opened on April 29, 2009. The store was a conversion of an existing Walmart Neighborhood Market. In 2009, another Supermercado de Walmart opened in Phoenix, Arizona. Both locations closed in 2014. In 2009, Walmart opened "Más Club", a warehouse retail operation patterned after Sam's Club. Its lone store also closed in 2014.

Walmart Express was a chain of smaller discount stores with a range of services from groceries to check cashing and gasoline service. The concept was focused on small towns deemed unable to support a larger store and large cities where space was at a premium. Walmart planned to build 15 to 20 Walmart Express stores, focusing on Arkansas, North Carolina, and Chicago, by the end of its fiscal year in January 2012. As of September 2014, Walmart re-branded all 22 of its Express format stores to Neighborhood Markets in an effort to streamline its retail offer. It continued to open new Express stores under the Neighborhood Market name. As of October 31, 2022, there were 101 small-format stores in the United States. These include 92 other small formats, 8 convenience stores and 1 pickup location. On January 15, 2016, Walmart announced that it would be closing 269 stores globally, including the 102 Neighborhood Markets that were formerly or originally planned to be Express stores.

Between 2002 and 2022, Walmart owned the Amigo supermarkets chain in Puerto Rico. In 2022, Walmart announced that it would sell its Amigo stores to Pueblo Inc. and focus on modernizing its 18 Supercenter and Division 1 formats and seven Sam's Clubs stores.

Initiatives

In September 2006, Walmart announced a pilot program to sell generic drugs at $4 per prescription. The program was launched at stores in the Tampa, Florida, area, and by January 2007 had been expanded to all stores in Florida. While the average price of generics is $29 per prescription, compared to $102 for name-brand drugs, Walmart maintains that it is not selling at a loss, or providing them as an act of charity—instead, they are using the same mechanisms of mass distribution that it uses to bring lower prices to other products. Many of Walmart's low cost generics are imported from India, where they are made by drug makers that include Ranbaxy Laboratories and Cipla.

On February 6, 2007, the company launched a "beta" version of a movie download service, which sold about 3,000 films and television episodes from all major studios and television networks. The service was discontinued on December 21, 2007, due to low sales.

In 2008, Walmart started a pilot program in the small grocery store concept called Marketside in the metropolitan Phoenix, Arizona area. The four stores closed in 2011.

A Walmart Pickup location in Canada

In 2015, Walmart began testing a free grocery pickup service, allowing customers to select products online and choose their pickup time. At the store, a Walmart employee loads the groceries into the customer's car. As of December 17, 2017, the service is available in 39 U.S. states.

In May 2016, Walmart announced a change to ShippingPass, its three-day shipping service, and that it will move from a three-day delivery to two-day delivery to remain competitive with Amazon. Walmart priced it at 49 dollars per year, compared to Amazon Prime's 99-dollar-per-year price.

In June 2016, Walmart and Sam's Club announced that they would begin testing a last-mile grocery delivery that used services including Uber, Lyft, and Deliv, to bring customers' orders to their homes. Walmart customers would be able to shop using the company's online grocery service at grocery.walmart.com, then request delivery at checkout for a small fee. The first tests were planned to go live in Denver and Phoenix. Walmart announced on March 14, 2018, that it would expand online delivery to 100 metropolitan regions in the United States, the equivalent of 40 percent of households, by the end of the year of 2018.

Walmart's Winemakers Selection private label wine was introduced in June 2018 in about 1,100 stores. The wine, from domestic and international sources, was described by Washington Post food and wine columnist Dave McIntyre as notably good for the inexpensive ($11 to $16 per bottle) price level.

In October 2019, Walmart announced that customers in 2,000 locations in 29 states can use the grocery pickup service for their adult beverage purchases. Walmart will also deliver adult beverages from nearly 200 stores across California and Florida.

In February 2020, Walmart announced a new membership program called, "Walmart +". The news came shortly after Walmart announced the discontinuation of its personal shopping service, Jetblack.

Numbers of stores by state

Locations as of October 1, 2022

State Supercenters Discount
Stores		 Neighborhood
Markets		 Amigos Sam's
Clubs		 Other
Pharmacy
Formats		 Total
stores
Alabama 101 1 28 13 1 144
Alaska 7 2 9
Arizona 84 2 26 12 124
Arkansas 76 5 33 11 8 133
California 144 68 66 30 1 309
Colorado 70 4 14 17 105
Connecticut 12 21 1 34
Delaware 6 3 1 10
District of Columbia 3 3
Florida 232 9 98 46 2 387
Georgia 154 2 31 24 4 215
Hawaii 10 2 12
Idaho 23 3 1 27
Illinois 139 15 5 25 184
Indiana 97 6 9 13 2 127
Iowa 58 2 9 69
Kansas 58 2 14 9 83
Kentucky 77 7 7 9 1 101
Louisiana 88 2 33 14 1 138
Maine 19 3 3 25
Maryland 31 16 11 2 60
Massachusetts 27 21 48
Michigan 90 3 23 1 117
Minnesota 65 3 12 80
Mississippi 65 3 10 7 1 86
Missouri 112 9 16 19 156
Montana 14 2 16
Nebraska 35 7 5 47
Nevada 30 2 11 7 50
New Hampshire 19 7 2 28
New Jersey 35 27 8 70
New Mexico 35 2 9 7 53
New York 82 16 1 12 111
North Carolina 143 6 43 22 214
North Dakota 14 3 17
Ohio 138 5 27 170
Oklahoma 81 7 33 13 134
Oregon 29 7 9 45
Pennsylvania 116 20 24 160
Puerto Rico 13 5 11 7 36
Rhode Island 5 4 9
South Carolina 83 26 13 122
South Dakota 15 2 17
Tennessee 117 1 18 14 150
Texas 391 18 97 82 5 593
Utah 41 10 8 59
Vermont 3 3 6
Virginia 110 4 20 15 149
Washington 52 9 4 65
West Virginia 38 5 1 44
Wisconsin 83 4 2 10 99
Wyoming 12 2 14

Walmart International

As of October 31, 2022, Walmart's international operations comprised 5,266 stores and 800,000 workers in 23 countries outside the United States. There are wholly owned operations in Argentina, Brazil, Canada, and the UK. With 2.2 million employees worldwide, the company is the largest private employer in the U.S. and Mexico, and one of the largest in Canada. In fiscal 2019 Walmart's international division sales were US$120.824 billion, or 23.7 percent of total sales. International retail units range from 1,400 to 186,000 square feet (130 to 17,280 square meters), while wholesale units range from 24,000 to 158,000 square feet (2,200 to 14,700 square meters). Kathryn McLay is the president and CEO of Walmart International.

Central America

Walmart also owns 51 percent of the Central American Retail Holding Company (CARHCO), which, as of October 31, 2022, consists of 868 stores, including 263 stores in Guatemala (under the Paiz, Walmart Supercenter, Despensa Familiar, and Maxi Dispensa banners), 102 stores in El Salvador (under the Despensa Familiar, La Despensa de Don Juan, Walmart Supercenter, and Maxi Despensa banners), 111 stores in Honduras (including the Paiz, Walmart Supercenter, Dispensa Familiar, and Maxi Despensa banners), 102 stores in Nicaragua (including the Pali, La Unión, Maxi Pali, and Walmart Supercenter banners), and 290 stores in Costa Rica (including the Maxi Pali, Mas X Menos, Walmart Supercenter, and Pali banners).

Chile

Main article: Líder

In January 2009, the company acquired a controlling interest in the largest grocer in Chile, Distribución y Servicio D&S SA. In 2010, the company was renamed Walmart Chile. As of October 31, 2022, Walmart Chile operates around 384 stores under the banners Lider, Express de Lider, Superbodega Acuenta, and Central Mayorista.

Mexico

Main article: Walmart de México y Centroamérica
Walmart in Mexico

Walmart opened its first international store in Mexico in 1991. As of October 31, 2022, Walmart's Mexico division, the largest outside the U.S., consisted of 2,804 stores. Walmart in Mexico operates Walmart Supercenter, Sam's Club, Bodega Aurrera, Mi Bodega Aurrera, Bodega Aurrera Express and Walmart Express.

Canada

Main article: Walmart Canada
Walmart Supercentre in Richmond Hill, Ontario, Canada in September 2017

Walmart has operated in Canada since it acquired 122 stores comprising the Woolco division of Woolworth Canada, Inc on January 14, 1994. As of October 31, 2022, it operates 402 locations (including 343 supercentres and 59 discount stores) and, as of June 2015, it employs 89,358 people, with a local home office in Mississauga, Ontario. Walmart Canada's first three Supercentres (spelled in Canadian English) opened in November 2006 in Ancaster, London, and Stouffville, Ontario.

In 2010, approximately one year after its incorporation of Schedule 2 (foreign-owned, deposit-taking) of Canada's Bank Act, Walmart Canada Bank was introduced with the launch of the Walmart (Canada) Rewards MasterCard. Less than ten years later, however, on May 17, 2018, Wal-Mart Canada announced it had reached a definitive agreement to sell Wal-Mart Canada Bank to First National co-founder Stephen Smith and private equity firm Centerbridge Partners, L.P., on undisclosed financial terms, though it added that it would still be issuer of the Walmart (Canada) Rewards MasterCard.

On April 1, 2019, Centerbridge Partners, L.P. and Stephen Smith jointly announced the closing of the previously announced acquisition of Wal-Mart Canada Bank and that it was to be renamed Duo Bank of Canada, to be styled simply as Duo Bank. Though exact ownership percentages were never revealed in either company announcement, it has also since been revealed that Duo Bank was reclassified as a Schedule 1 (domestic, deposit-taking) federally chartered bank of the Bank Act in Canada from the Schedule 2 (foreign-owned or -controlled, deposit-taking) that it had been, which indicates that Stephen Smith, as a noted Canadian businessman, is in a controlling position.

Africa

On September 28, 2010, Walmart announced it would buy Massmart Holdings Ltd. of Johannesburg, South Africa in a deal worth over US$4 billion giving the company its first footprint in Africa. As of October 31, 2022, it has 411 stores, including 361 stores in South Africa (under the banners Game Foodco, CBW, Game, Builders Express, Builders Warehouse, Cambridge, Rhino, Makro, Builders Trade Depot, Jumbo, and Builders Superstore), 11 stores in Botswana (under the banners CBW, Game Foodco, and Builders Warehouse), 4 stores in Ghana (under the Game Foodco banner), 4 stores in Kenya (under the banners Game Foodco and Builders Warehouse), 3 stores in Lesotho (under the banners CBW and Game Foodco), 2 stores in Malawi (under the Game banner), 6 stores in Mozambique (under the banners Builders Warehouse, Game Foodco, CBW, and Builders Express), 5 stores in Namibia (under the banners Game Foodco and Game), 5 stores in Nigeria (under the banners Game and Game Foodco), 1 store in Swaziland (under the CBW banner), 1 store in Tanzania (under the Game Foodco banner), 1 store in Uganda (under the Game banner), and 7 stores in Zambia (under the banners CBW, Game Foodco, Builders Warehouse, and Builders Express).

China

An aisle in a Walmart store in China
A Walmart in Hangzhou, China in February 2017

Walmart has joint ventures in China and several majority-owned subsidiaries. As of October 31, 2022, Walmart China (沃尔玛 Wò'ērmǎ) operates 369 stores under the Walmart Supercenter and Sam's Club banners.

In February 2012, Walmart announced that the company raised its stake to 51 percent in Chinese online supermarket Yihaodian to tap rising consumer wealth and help the company offer more products. Walmart took full ownership in July 2015.

In October 2016, Walmart launched the Food Safety Collaboration Center in Beijing, China. The goal of this investment is to collaborate with the local government, promote the use of blockchain technology in tracking pork supply in China, and enhance the transparency and safety of the food supply chain.

In December 2021, the Chinese Communist Party's Central Commission for Discipline Inspection warned Walmart about removing products made from inputs from Xinjiang in response to the Uyghur Forced Labor Prevention Act.

India

A Best Price Modern Wholesale store in Hyderabad

In November 2006, the company announced a joint venture with Bharti Enterprises to operate in India. As foreign corporations were not allowed to enter the retail sector directly, Walmart operated through franchises and handled the wholesale end of the business. The partnership involved two joint ventures—Bharti manages the front end, involving opening of retail outlets while Walmart takes care of the back end, such as cold chains and logistics. Walmart operates stores in India under the name Best Price Modern Wholesale. The first store opened in Amritsar on May 30, 2009. On September 14, 2012, the Government of India approved 51 percent FDI in multi-brand retails, subject to approval by individual states, effective September 20, 2012. Scott Price, Walmart's president and CEO for Asia, told The Wall Street Journal that the company would be able to start opening Walmart stores in India within two years. Expansion into India faced some significant problems. In November 2012, Walmart admitted to spending US$25 million lobbying the Indian National Congress; lobbying is conventionally considered bribery in India. Walmart is conducting an internal investigation into potential violations of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act. Bharti Walmart suspended a number of employees, rumored to include its CFO and legal team, to ensure "a complete and thorough investigation". In October 2013, Bharti and Walmart separated to pursue business independently.

On May 9, 2018, Walmart announced its intent to acquire a 77% majority stake in the Indian e-commerce company Flipkart for $16 billion, in a deal that was completed on August 18, 2018. As of October 31, 2022, there are 28 Best Price Modern Wholesale locations.

Setbacks

In the 1990s, Walmart tried with a large financial investment to get a foothold in both German and Indonesian retail markets.

Walmart entered Indonesia with the opening of stores in Lippo Supermall (now known as Supermal Karawaci) and Megamall Pluit (now known as Pluit Village) respectively, under a joint-venture agreement with local conglomerate Lippo Group. Both stores closed down due to the 1997 Asian financial crisis.

In Germany, Walmart took over supermarket chain Wertkauf with its 21 stores for DM750 million in 1997 and the following year Walmart acquired 74 InterSPAR stores for DM1.3 billion. The German market at this point was an oligopoly with high competition among companies which used a similar low price strategy as Walmart. As a result, Walmart's low price strategy yielded no competitive advantage. Walmart's corporate culture was not viewed positively among employees and customers, particularly Walmart's "statement of ethics", which attempted to restrict relationships between employees, a possible violation of German labor law, and led to a public discussion in the media, resulting in a bad reputation among customers. In July 2006, Walmart announced its withdrawal from Germany due to sustained losses. The stores were sold to the German company Metro during Walmart's fiscal third quarter. Walmart did not disclose its losses from its German investment, but they were estimated to be around €3 billion.

A Hiper Bompreço in Natal, Brazil in May 2008

In 2004, Walmart bought the 118 stores in the Bompreço supermarket chain in northeastern Brazil. In late 2005, it took control of the Brazilian operations of Sonae Distribution Group through its new subsidiary, WMS Supermercados do Brasil, thus acquiring control of the Nacional and Mercadorama supermarket chains, the leaders in the Rio Grande do Sul and Paraná states, respectively. None of these stores were rebranded. As of January 2014, Walmart operated 61 Bompreço supermarkets, 39 Hiper Bompreço stores. It also ran 57 Walmart Supercenters, 27 Sam's Clubs, and 174 Todo Dia stores. With the acquisition of Bompreço and Sonae, by 2010, Walmart was the third-largest supermarket chain in Brazil, behind Carrefour and Pão de Açúcar.

Walmart Brasil, the operating company, has its head office in Barueri, São Paulo State, and regional offices in Curitiba, Paraná; Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul; Recife, Pernambuco; and Salvador, Bahia. Walmart Brasil operates under the banners Todo Dia, Nacional, Bompreço, Walmart Supercenter, Maxxi Atacado, Hipermercado Big, Hiper Bompreço, Sam's Club, Mercadorama, Walmart Posto (Gas Station), Supermercado Todo Dia, and Hiper Todo Dia. Recently, the company started the conversion process of all Hiper Bompreço and Big stores into Walmart Supercenters and Bompreço, Nacional and Mercadorama stores into the Walmart Supermercado brand.

Since August 2018, Walmart Inc. only holds a minority stake in Walmart Brasil, which was renamed Grupo Big on August 12, 2019, with 20% of the company's shares, and private equity firm Advent International holding 80% ownership of the company. On March 24, 2021, it was announced that Carrefour would be acquiring Grupo Big.

A Walmart Supercenter in Argentina in February 2019

Walmart Argentina was founded in 1995 and operates stores under the banners Walmart Supercenter, Changomas, Mi Changomas, and Punto Mayorista. On November 6, 2020, it was announced that Walmart has sold its Argentine operations to Grupo de Narváez and renamed Hiper Changomas.

ASDA Supermarket in Fife, Scotland

Walmart's UK subsidiary Asda (which retained its name after being acquired by Walmart) is based in Leeds and accounted for 42.7 percent of 2006 sales of Walmart's international division. In contrast to the U.S. operations, Asda was originally and still remains primarily a grocery chain, but with a stronger focus on non-food items than most UK supermarket chains other than Tesco. In 2010 Asda acquired stores from Netto UK. In addition to small suburban Asda Supermarkets, larger stores are branded Supercentres. Other banners include Asda Superstores, Asda Living, and Asda Petrol Fueling Station. In July 2015, Asda updated its logo featuring the Walmart Asterisks behind the first 'A' in the Logo. In May 2018, Walmart announced plans to sell Asda to rival Sainsbury's for $10.1 billion. Under the terms of the deal, Walmart would have received a 42% stake in the combined company and about £3 billion in cash. However, in April 2019, the United Kingdom's Competition and Markets Authority blocked the proposed sale of Asda to Sainsburys.

On October 2, 2020, it was announced that Walmart will sell a majority stake of Asda to a consortium of Zuber and Mohsin Issa (the owners of EG Group) and private equity firm TDR Capital for £6.8bn, pending approval from the Competition and Markets Authority.

In Japan, Walmart owned 100 percent of Seiyu (西友 Seiyū) as of 2008. It operates under the Seiyu (Hypermarket), Seiyu (Supermarket), Seiyu (General Merchandise), Livin, and Sunny banners. On November 16, 2020, Walmart announced they would be selling 65% of their shares in the company to the private-equity firm KKR in a deal valuing 329 stores and 34,600 employees at $1.6 billion. Walmart is supposed to retain 15% and a seat on the board, while a joint-venture between KKR and Japanese company Rakuten Inc. will receive 20%.

Corruption charges

An April 2012 investigation by The New York Times reported the allegations of a former executive of Walmart de Mexico that, in September 2005, the company had paid bribes via local fixers to officials throughout Mexico in exchange for construction permits, information, and other favors, which gave Walmart a substantial advantage over competitors. Walmart investigators found credible evidence that Mexican and American laws had been broken. Concerns were also raised that Walmart executives in the United States had "hushed up" the allegations. A follow-up investigation by The New York Times, published December 17, 2012, revealed evidence that regulatory permission for siting, construction, and operation of nineteen stores had been obtained through bribery. There was evidence that a bribe of US$52,000 was paid to change a zoning map, which enabled the opening of a Walmart store a mile from a historical site in San Juan Teotihuacán in 2004. After the initial article was released, Walmart released a statement denying the allegations and describing its anti-corruption policy. While an official Walmart report states that it had found no evidence of corruption, the article alleges that previous internal reports had indeed turned up such evidence before the story became public. Forbes magazine contributor Adam Hartung also commented that the bribery scandal was a reflection of Walmart's "serious management and strategy troubles", stating, "candals are now commonplace ... ach scandal points out that Walmart's strategy is harder to navigate and is running into big problems".

In 2012, there was an incident with CJ's Seafood, a crawfish processing firm in Louisiana that was partnered with Walmart, that eventually gained media attention for the mistreatment of its 40 H-2B visa workers from Mexico. These workers experienced harsh living conditions in tightly packed trailers outside of the work facility, physical threats, verbal abuse, and were forced to work day-long shifts. Many of the workers were afraid to take action about the abuse due to the fact that the manager threatened the lives of their family members in the U.S. and Mexico if the abuse were to be reported. Eight of the workers confronted management at CJ's Seafood about the mistreatment; however, the management denied the abuse allegations and the workers went on strike. The workers then took their stories to Walmart due to their partnership with CJ's. While Walmart was investigating the situation, the workers collected 150,000 signatures of supporters who agreed that Walmart should stand by the workers and take action. In June 2012, the visa workers held a protest and day-long hunger strike outside of the apartment building where a Walmart board member resided. Following this protest, Walmart announced its final decision to no longer work with CJ's Seafood. Less than a month later, the Department of Labor fined CJ's Seafood "approximately $460,000 in back-pay, safety violations, wage and hour violations, civil damages, and fines for abuses to the H-2B program. The company has since shut down."

As of December 2012, internal investigations were ongoing into possible violations of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act. Walmart has invested US$99 million on internal investigations, which expanded beyond Mexico to implicate operations in China, Brazil, and India. The case has added fuel to the debate as to whether foreign investment will result in increased prosperity, or if it merely allows local retail trade and economic policy to be taken over by "foreign financial and corporate interests".

Sam's Club

Main article: Sam's Club

Sam's Club is a chain of warehouse clubs that sell groceries and general merchandise, often in bulk. Locations generally range in size from 32,000–168,000 sq ft (3,000–15,600 m), with an average club size of approximately 134,000 sq ft (12,400 m). The first Sam's Club was opened by Walmart, Inc. in 1983 in Midwest City, Oklahoma under the name "Sam's Wholesale Club". The chain was named after its founder Sam Walton. As of October 31, 2022, Sam's Club operated 600 membership warehouse clubs and accounted for 11.3% of Walmart's revenue at $57.839 billion in fiscal year 2019. Christopher Nicholas is the president and CEO of Sam's Club.

Global eCommerce

Based in San Bruno, California, Walmart's Global eCommerce division provides online retailing for Walmart, Sam's Club, Asda, and all other international brands. There are several locations in the United States in California and Oregon: San Bruno, Sunnyvale, Brisbane, and Portland. Locations outside of the United States include Shanghai (China), Leeds (United Kingdom), and Bangalore (India).

Subsidiaries

Private label brands

Main article: List of Walmart brands

About 40 percent of products sold in Walmart are private labels, which are produced for the company through contracts with manufacturers. Walmart began offering private label brands in 1991, with the launch of Sam's Choice, a line of drinks produced by Primo Water for Walmart. Sam's Choice quickly became popular and by 1993, was the third-most-popular beverage brand in the United States. Other Walmart brands include Great Value and Equate in the U.S. and Canada and Smart Price in Britain. A 2006 study talked of "the magnitude of mind-share Walmart appears to hold in the shoppers' minds when it comes to the awareness of private label brands and retailers".

Entertainment

In 2010, the company teamed with Procter & Gamble to produce Secrets of the Mountain and The Jensen Project, two-hour family movies which featured the characters using Walmart and Procter & Gamble–branded products. The Jensen Project also featured a preview of a product to be released in several months in Walmart stores. A third movie, A Walk in My Shoes, also aired in 2010 and a fourth is in production. Walmart's director of brand marketing also serves as co-chair of the Association of National Advertisers's Alliance for Family Entertainment.

Online commerce acquisitions and plans

Launched in 2009, Walmart's Marketplace stayed dormant until 2016 when Walmart purchased e-commerce company Jet.com, founded in 2014 by Marc Lore, to start competing with Amazon.com. Jet.com has acquired its own share of online retailers such as Hayneedle in March 2016, Shoebuy.com in December 2016, and ModCloth in March 2017. Walmart also acquired Parcel, a delivery service in New York, on September 29, 2017.

On February 15, 2017, Walmart acquired Moosejaw, an online active outdoor retailer, for approximately $51 million. Moosejaw brought with it partnerships with more than 400 brands, including Patagonia, The North Face, Marmot, and Arc'teryx.

Marc Lore, Walmart's U.S. e-commerce CEO, said that Walmart's existing physical infrastructure of almost 5,000 stores around the U.S. will enhance their digital expansion by doubling as warehouses for e-commerce without increasing overhead. As of 2017, Walmart offers in-store pickup for online orders at 1,000 stores with plans to eventually expand the service to all of its stores.

On May 9, 2018, Walmart announced its intent to acquire a 77% controlling stake in the Indian e-commerce website Flipkart for $16 billion (beating bids by Amazon.com), subject to regulatory approval. Following its completion, the website's management will report to Marc Lore. Completion of the deal was announced on August 18, 2018.

The company's partnership with subscription service Kidbox was announced on April 16, 2019.

Corporate affairs

An American flag waving above a Walmart sign at the entrance of an office park
Home office in Bentonville, Arkansas in June 2009

Walmart is headquartered in the Walmart Home Office complex in Bentonville, Arkansas. The company's business model is based on selling a wide variety of general merchandise at low prices. Doug McMillon became Walmart's CEO on February 1, 2014. He has also worked as the head of Sam's Club and Walmart International. The company refers to its employees as "associates". All Walmart stores in the U.S. and Canada also have designated "greeters" at the entrance, a practice pioneered by Sam Walton and later imitated by other retailers. Greeters are trained to help shoppers find what they want and answer their questions.

For many years, associates were identified in the store by their signature blue vest, but this practice was discontinued in June 2007 and replaced with khaki pants and polo shirts. The wardrobe change was part of a larger corporate overhaul to increase sales and rejuvenate the company's stock price. In September 2014, the uniform was again updated to bring back a vest (paid for by the company) for store employees over the same polos and khaki or black pants paid for by the employee. The vest is navy blue for Walmart employees at Supercenters and discounts stores, lime green for Walmart Neighborhood Market employees, and yellow for self-check-out associates; door greeters, and customer service managers. All three state "Proud Walmart Associate" on the left breast and the "Spark" logo covering the back. Reportedly one of the main reasons the vest was reintroduced was that some customers had trouble identifying employees. In 2016, self-checkout associates, door greeters and customer service managers began wearing a yellow vest to be better seen by customers. By requiring employees to wear uniforms that are made up of standard "streetwear", Walmart is not required to purchase the uniforms or reimburse employees which are required in some states, as long as that clothing can be worn elsewhere. Businesses are only legally required to pay for branded shirts and pants or clothes that would be difficult to wear outside of work.

Unlike many other retailers, Walmart does not charge slotting fees to suppliers for their products to appear in the store. Instead, it focuses on selling more-popular products and provides incentives for store managers to drop unpopular products.

From 2006 to 2010, the company eliminated its layaway program. In 2011, the company revived its layaway program.

Walmart introduced its Site-To-Store program in 2007, after testing the program since 2004 on a limited basis. The program allows walmart.com customers to buy goods online with a free shipping option, and have goods shipped to the nearest store for pickup.

On September 15, 2017, Walmart announced that it would build a new headquarters in Bentonville to replace its current 1971 building and consolidate operations that have spread out to 20 different buildings throughout Bentonville.

According to watchdog group Documented, in 2020 Walmart contributed $140,000 to the Rule of Law Defense Fund, a fund-raising arm of the Republican Attorneys General Association.

Business trends

For the fiscal year ending January 31, 2019, Walmart reported net income of US$6.6 billion on $514 billion of revenue. The company's international operations accounted for $120 billion, or 23.7 percent, of its $510 billion of sales. Walmart is the world's 23rd-largest public corporation, according to the Forbes Global 2000 list, and the largest public corporation when ranked by revenue.

The key trends for Walmart are (as of the financial year ending January 31):

Year Revenue Net Income Total Assets Employees
 Stores Sources
US$ millions
1968 12.6 0.48 24
1969 21.3 0.60 27
1970 30.8 1.1 1,000 32
1971 44.2 1.6 15.3 1,500 38
1972 78.0 2.9 28.4 2,300 51
1973 124 4.5 46.2 3,500 66
1974 167 6.1 60.1 4,400 78
1975 236 6.3 75.2 5,800 104
1976 340 11.5 125 7,500 125
1977 478 16.5 168 10,000 153
1978 678 21.8 251 14,700 195
1979 900 29.4 324 17,500 229
1980 1,248 41.1 457 21,000 276
1981 1,643 55.6 592 27,000 330
1982 2,444 82.7 937 41,000 491
1983 3,376 124 1,187 46,000 551
1984 4,666 196 1,652 62,000 645
1985 6,400 270 2,205 81,000 758
1986 8,451 327 3,103 104,000 887
1987 11,909 450 4,049 141,000 1,037
1988 15,959 627 5,131 183,000 1,215
1989 20,649 837 6,359 223,000 1,381
US$ billions
1990 25.8 1.0 8.1 275,000 1,528
1991 32.6 1.2 11.3 328,000 1,725
1992 43.8 1.6 15.4 371,000 1,930
1993 55.4 1.9 20.5 434,000 2,136
1994 67.3 2.3 26.4 528,000 2,463
1995 82.4 2.6 32.8 622,000 2,872
1996 93.6 2.7 37.5 675,000 3,106
1997 104 3.0 39.6 728,000 3,117
1998 117 3.5 45.3 825,000 3,406
1999 137 4.4 49.9 910,000 3,600
2000 165 5.3 70.3 1,140,000 3,662
2001 191 6.2 78.1 1,244,000 4,189
2002 204 6.5 81.5 1,383,000 4,414
2003 229 7.9 92.9 1,400,000 4,688
2004 256 9.0 104 1,500,000 4,906
2005 284 10.2 120 1,700,000 5,289
2006 312 11.2 138 1,800,000 6,141
2007 348 11.2 151 1,900,000 6,779
2008 377 12.7 163 2,100,000 7,262
2009 404 13.3 163 2,100,000 7,870
2010 408 14.3 170 2,100,000 8,416
2011 421 16.3 180 2,100,000 8,970
2012 446 15.6 193 2,200,000 10,130
2013 468 16.9 203 2,200,000 10,773
2014 476 16.0 204 2,200,000 10,942
2015 485 16.3 203 2,200,000 11,453
2016 482 14.6 199 2,300,000 11,528
2017 485 13.6 198 2,300,000 11,695
2018 500 9.8 204 2,300,000 11,718
2019 514 6.6 219 2,200,000 11,361
2020 523 14.8 236 2,200,000 11,501
2021 559 13.5 252 2,300,000 11,443
2022 572 13.6 244 2,300,000 10,593
2023 611 11.6 243 2,100,000 10,623
2024 648 15.5 252 2,100,000 10,616

Governance

Walmart is governed by an eleven-member board of directors elected annually by shareholders. Gregory B. Penner, son-in-law of S. Robson Walton and the grandson-in-law of Sam Walton, serves as chairman of the board. Doug McMillon serves as president and chief executive officer. Current members of the board are:

Notable former members of the board include Hillary Clinton (1985–1992) and Tom Coughlin (2003–2004), the latter having served as vice chairman. Clinton left the board before the 1992 U.S. presidential election, and Coughlin left in December 2005 after pleading guilty to wire fraud and tax evasion for stealing hundreds of thousands of dollars from Walmart.

After Sam Walton's death in 1992, Don Soderquist, Chief Operating Officer and Senior Vice Chairman, became known as the "Keeper of the Culture".

Ownership

Walmart Inc. is a Delaware-domiciled joint-stock company registered with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, with its registered office located in Wolters Kluwer's Corporation Trust Center in Wilmington. As of March 2017, it has 3,292,377,090 outstanding shares. These are held mainly by the Walton family, a number of institutions and funds.

Competition

In North America, Walmart's primary competitors include grocery stores and department stores like Target, Kroger, Aldi, Meijer, Trader Joe's, Ingles, Publix, Harris Teeter and Winn Dixie in the United States; Hudson's Bay, Loblaw retail stores, Sobeys, Metro, and Giant Tiger in Canada; and Comercial Mexicana and Soriana in Mexico. Competitors of Walmart's Sam's Club division are Costco and the smaller BJ's Wholesale Club chain. Walmart's move into the grocery business in the late 1990s set it against major supermarket chains in both the United States and Canada. Studies have typically found that Walmart's prices are significantly lower than those of their competitors, and that Walmart's presence is associated with lower food prices for households. Comparisons of performance metrics such as sales per square foot suggest that supermarkets in direct competition with Walmart Supercenters show significant decreases in profit margins, an effect that is strongest in the case of unionized competitors. Between 2000 and 2010, Walmart's entry into new areas often lowered local food prices at other stores. However, recent studies have not found the same effect, suggesting that retailers may have changed their competitive strategies.

While the idea that Walmart destroys small businesses is widely assumed to be true, research so far suggests that Walmart superstores have little effect on smaller retailers such as "Mom and Pop" businesses. Differences in impact appear to be specific to the goods sold. Small retailers may experience difficulty if they rely on selling products identical to those at Walmart or if they try to sell at lower prices. Dollar stores such as Family Dollar and Dollar General have been able to find a small niche market and compete successfully against Walmart. In 2004, Walmart responded by testing its own dollar store concept, a subsection of some stores called "Pennies-n-Cents".

Walmart also had to face fierce competition in some foreign markets. For example, in Germany it had captured just 2 percent of the German food market following its entry into the market in 1997 and remained "a secondary player" behind Aldi with 19 percent.

In May 2006, after entering the South Korean market in 1998, Walmart sold all 16 of its South Korean outlets to Shinsegae, a local retailer, for US$882 million. Shinsegae re-branded the Walmarts as E-mart stores.

Walmart struggled to export its brand elsewhere as it rigidly tried to reproduce its model overseas. In China, Walmart hopes to succeed by adapting and doing things preferable to Chinese citizens. For example, it found that Chinese consumers preferred to select their own live fish and seafood; stores began displaying the meat uncovered and installed fish tanks, leading to higher sales.

Customer base

Map of Walmart locations in the United States, as of December 2020

In the United States, Walmart's early growth occurred in the Southeast and lower Midwest. More recently, Walmart has expanded throughout the country. The number of Walmart stores per 1,000 people in 2019 was highest in Arkansas, Oklahoma, Louisiana, Alabama and Kansas, and lowest in Hawaii, California, New Jersey, Massachusetts and New York. California and New Jersey were two of the ten states with the largest increases in Supercenters between 2011 and 2020, along with Pennsylvania, Illinois, and Wisconsin.

Walmart customers display strong customer loyalty and cite low prices as the most important reason for shopping there. Walmart has characterized their shoppers as falling into three main groups: "value-price shoppers" (people who like low prices and cannot afford much more), "brand aspirationals" (people with low incomes who buy well-known brands in hopes of assuring quality), and "price-sensitive affluents" (wealthier shoppers who seek deals). As of 2022 the average U.S. Walmart customer earned about $80,000 per year, above the U.S. average personal income of $63,214. Walmart reports that during times of rising inflation, customers become more sensitive to rising food prices, buying less expensive food items such as hot dogs and canned tuna rather than deli cold cuts. They also see more upper-income shoppers looking for bargains.

Walmart shoppers have been reported to be politically conservative. A poll after the 2004 U.S. presidential election reported that 76 percent of voters who shopped at Walmart once a week reported voting for George W. Bush while only 23 percent supported senator John Kerry. When measured against similar retailers in the U.S. in 2006, frequent Walmart shoppers were rated the most politically conservative. As of 2014 54 percent of Americans who preferred to shop at Walmart reported that they opposed same-sex marriage, while 40 percent were in favor, reflecting the store's southern roots.

Due to its concentration of stores in the Bible Belt, Walmart is known for its "tradition of tailoring its service to churchgoing customers". Walmart has carried clean versions of hip-hop audio CDs and in cooperation with The Timothy Plan, placed "plastic sheathes over suggestive women's periodicals and banned 'lad mags' such as Maxim" magazine. Walmart also caters to its Christian customer base by selling Christian books and media, such as VeggieTales videos and The Purpose-Driven Life, earning the company over US$1 billion annually.

In 2006, Walmart took steps to expand its U.S. customer base, announcing a modification in its U.S. stores from a "one-size-fits-all" merchandising strategy to one designed to "reflect each of six demographic groups—African-Americans, the affluent, empty-nesters, Hispanics, suburbanites, and rural residents". Around six months later, it unveiled a new slogan: "Saving people money so they can live better lives".

Walmart has also made steps to appeal to more liberal customers, for example, by rejecting the American Family Association's recommendations and carrying the DVD Brokeback Mountain, a love story between two gay cowboys in Wyoming.

Sales of guns and ammunition

Walmart stopped selling handguns in all U.S. states, except for Alaska, in 1993.

In 2018, Walmart stopped selling guns and ammunition to persons younger than 21, following a similar move by Dick's Sporting Goods on the same day. In the same year, Walmart stopped selling military-style rifles that were commonly used in mass shootings.

As of 2019, Walmart was a major retailer of firearms and ammunition. In 2019, after 23 people were killed in a mass shooting at a Walmart store in El Paso, Texas, Walmart announced that it would stop selling all handgun ammunition and certain short-barreled rifle ammunition. The company also announced that it would stop selling handguns in Alaska, the only state where the company still sold handguns. The move was expected to reduce Walmart's U.S. market share in ammunition from around 20% to around 6–9%. Walmart also stated that it was "respectfully requesting" that customers not openly carry weapons in Walmart stores, except for authorized law enforcement officers.

Following the fatal police shooting of Walter Wallace Jr. in October 2020, Walmart temporarily removed gun and ammunition displays in thousands of stores across the U.S. from sales floors, grounding their reason in concerns of civil unrest. Company spokesman Kory Lundberg said in a statement that "We have seen some isolated civil unrest and as we have done on several occasions over the last few years, we have moved our firearms and ammunition off the sales floor as a precaution for the safety of our associates and customers." Firearms and ammunition will still be available for purchase on request, but the duration of the removal of both from the sales floor remains undetermined.

Technology

Open source software

Many Walmart technology projects are coded in the open and available through the Walmart Labs GitHub repository as open-source software under the OSI approved Apache V2.0 license. As of November 2016, 141 public GitHub projects are listed.

During a migration of the walmart.com retail platform to Facebook React and Node.js, the Electrode project was created to power the e-commerce platform which serves 80 million visitors per month and 15 million items.

Alex Grigoryan of Walmart Labs released a statement on Medium.com on October 3, 2016, explaining the details of the applications and the scale that they operate at Walmart.

Big data analytics

As the largest retailer in the U.S., Walmart collects and analyzes a large amount of consumer data. The big data sets are mined for use in predictive analytics, which allow the company to optimize operations by predicting customer's habits. Walmart's datacenter is unofficially referred to as Area 71.

In April 2011, Walmart acquired Kosmix to develop software for analyzing real-time data streams. In August 2012, Walmart announced its Polaris search engine.

The amount of data gathered by Walmart has raised privacy concerns.

Cash handling

in 2016, Walmart began a drive to automate much of the cash handling process. Walmart began replacing employees who count currency by hand with machines that count 8 bills per second and 3,000 coins a minute. The processing machines, located in the back of stores, allow cashiers to process the money for electronic depositing.

Charity

Sam Walton believed that the company's contribution to society was that it operated efficiently, thereby lowering the cost of living for customers, and, therefore, in that sense was a "powerful force for good", despite his refusal to contribute cash to philanthropic causes. Having begun to feel that his wealth attracted people who wanted nothing more than a "handout", he explained that while he believed his family had been fortunate and wished to use his wealth to aid worthy causes like education, they could not be expected to "solve every personal problem that comes to attention". He explained later in his autobiography, "We feel very strongly that Wal-Mart really is not, and should not be, in the charity business," stating "any debit has to be passed along to somebody—either shareholders or our customers." Since Sam Walton's death in 1992, however, Walmart and the Walmart Foundation dramatically increased charitable giving. For example, in 2005, Walmart donated US$20 million in cash and merchandise for Hurricane Katrina relief and in 2020 they committed $25 million to organizations on the frontlines of the COVID-19 pandemic response. Today, Walmart's charitable donations approach US$1 billion each year.

COVID-19

As of January 2021, healthcare workers could get vaccines through Walmart in New Mexico and Arkansas. Walmart planned to offer vaccines in Georgia, Indiana, Louisiana, Maryland, New Jersey, South Carolina, Texas, Chicago and Puerto Rico with the target of delivering between 10 million and 13 million doses per month at full capacity.

In May 2021, Walmart said that starting from May 18 all its fully vaccinated employees could stop wearing masks at work following the guidance from the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

Economic impact

Effects on customers

A 2005 story in The Washington Post reported that "Wal-Mart's discounting on food alone boosts the welfare of American shoppers by at least US$50 billion per year." A study in 2005 at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) measured the effect on consumer welfare and found that the poorest segment of the population benefits the most from the existence of discount retailers. In 2006, American newspaper columnist George Will stated that In terms of economic effects, "Wal-Mart and its effects save shoppers more than US$200 billion a year, dwarfing such government programs as food stamps (US$28.6 billion) and the earned income tax credit (US$34.6 billion)".

Effects on retailers

Kenneth Stone, Professor of Economics at Iowa State University, in a paper published in Farm Foundation (1997), found that some small towns can lose almost half of their retail trade within ten years of a Walmart store opening. Presumably, people who previously shopped in towns without Wal-Mart stores choose to shop in towns with Wal-Mart stores, part of an older pattern in which smaller centers lose retail sales to larger ones. Stone compared the changes to previous competitors that small town shops have faced in the past, such as the development of the railroads, the Sears Roebuck catalog, and shopping malls. He concluded that small towns are more affected by "discount mass merchandiser stores" than larger towns and that shop owners who adapt to the ever-changing retail market can "co-exist and even thrive in this type of environment". In later research Artz and Stone (2006) reported that in Mississippi the impact of opening a Walmart was much larger on existing retailers in rural communities (17%) than more urban ones (4%). This also suggests that Walmart has achieved its strongest growth in non-metropolitan areas, which tend to be low-income.

Studies of the impact of Walmart tend to focus on Supercenters rather than Neighborhood Markets. Comparisons of performance metrics such as sales per square foot suggest that supermarkets and other high-volume retailers in direct competition with Walmart Supercenters show significant decreases in profit margins. While Walmart has often been said to be a destroyer of small businesses, much of this is anecdotal. Research so far suggests that Walmart superstores have little effect on smaller retailers such as "Mom and Pop" businesses. A 2008 economic analysis published in the journal Economic Inquiry suggested that "the process of creative destruction unleashed by Wal‐Mart has had no statistically significant long‐run impact on the overall size and profitability of the small business sector in the United States".

Impact appears to be related to a number of factors, with a key factor being the goods offered for sale. A study by Ailawadi and others (2010) examined the impact of new Walmarts in detail. She reported that median sales dropped 40 percent at similar high-volume stores, 17 percent at supermarkets and 6 percent at drugstores. However, 30 percent of specific product categories at high-volume stores were unaffected. Many retailers reduced prices and cut product selection in an attempt to compete directly with Walmart, in effect attacking its areas of strength. A more successful approach was to track sales, identify vulnerable categories, and increase the range of products in those categories. By including products at both top and bottom price points, and offering temporary promotions on those items, retailers could attract both customers who were price-conscious and those interested in a wider range of options. A small store that specialized in a particular product area could compete effectively against Walmart. Small specialized stores are less effective against big-box category killer chains such as Home Depot and Best Buy electronics.

Some studies have suggested that the impact a Walmart store has on a local business is correlated to its distance from the store. David Merriman, Joseph Persky, Julie Davis and Ron Baiman (2012) outlined the impacts of Walmart in Chicago. Based on three annual surveys of enterprises within a four-mile radius of a new Chicago Walmart it "shows that the probability of going out of business was significantly higher for establishments close to that store". The overall findings of this study reinforce the "contention that large-city Walmarts, like those in small towns, absorb retail sales from nearby stores without significantly expanding the market". Ellickson & Grieco (2013) report in the Journal of Urban Economics that Wal-Marts most strongly affect outlets of larger chains that are within 2 miles (3.2 km) of their location.

Effects on jobs

A 2022 literature review concludes that "there is no consensus on the impact of Walmart on local employment, but most studies on the topic point to a modest increase in retail employment". For example, studies at the University of Missouri found that a new store increases net retail employment in the county by 100 jobs in the short term, half of which disappear over five years as other retail establishments close. Similarly, a net increase in employment (55 jobs) was found in a study of West Virginia counties between 1989 and 1998.

Like other chain stores, Walmart tends to hire local employees for low-skilled jobs with low wages and minimal benefits. This may increase employees' reliance on public assistance programs, effectively transferring costs away from employers onto taxpayers. Studies examining aggregate retail wage data from states and counties, before and after the arrival of Walmart, are mixed. Some results, particularly from nonmetropolitan areas in the South and central United States, suggest lowered wages. Other studies have found no effect (e.g. Pennsylvania) or an increase in wages (e.g. Maryland). A 2004 paper by Goetz and Swaminathan suggested that U.S. counties with Walmart stores suffered increased poverty compared with counties without Wal-Marts. It is difficult to distinguish the effects of opening a Walmart from other factors, some of which may be related to the decision to open a store. Known as endogeneity bias, this makes it difficult to determine whether Walmart chooses to establish itself in communities with greater poverty and joblessness, or creates more poverty and joblessness.

Studies of socioeconomic well-being, civic participation, and community welfare suggest that large non-locally owned businesses tend to be centralized and vertically integrated, rely on remote sources and support services, and move money, expertise and power away from local communities. Large externally-oriented businesses tend to be associated with lower local standards of living, greater inequality, and less social and civic participation. This research is not specific to Walmart, but to large businesses in general.

In broader economic terms, the Economic Policy Institute estimated that between 2001 and 2006 Wal-Mart's trade deficit with China alone represented a loss of nearly 200,000 U.S. jobs. During this period, Wal-Mart was responsible for 9.3% of total U.S. imports from China, increasing the U.S. trade deficit by an estimated $17.1 billion. This represents about 200,000 jobs, most of them in the manufacturing sector (133,000).

A 2014 story in The Guardian reported that the Wal-Mart Foundation was boosting its efforts to work with U.S. manufacturers. In February 2014, the Walmart Foundation pledged to support domestic manufacturers by buying US$250 billion worth of American-made products in the next decade. Between 2014 and 2017, the Walmart U.S. Manufacturing Innovation Fund gave $10 million in grants to research and academic institutions for projects that improve domestic manufacturing. For the 2020 fiscal year, Walmart reported that nearly two-thirds of its merchandise was made, assembled or grown in the United States. As of March 2021, Walmart pledged to buy an additional $350 billion worth of American-based items over the next decade.

Effects on productivity

A 2001 McKinsey Global Institute study of U.S. labor productivity growth between 1995 and 2000 concluded that "Wal-Mart directly and indirectly caused the bulk of the productivity acceleration" in general merchandise, representing 16 percent of total productivity growth in the retail sector. Walmart's transformative use of information technology, particularly in supply-chain management, is identified as a major reason for its impact on productivity per man hour. For every dollar spent by Walmart to improve its own technology, an estimated ten dollars has been invested by suppliers throughout its supply chain on their own systems and software. Economist Robert Solow has emphasized the importance of imitation and adaptation: in addition to improving its own efficiency, Walmart's innovations have been adopted by its competitors so that they can compete.

Labor relations

Workers speak during Occupy Wall Street

With over 2.3 million employees worldwide, Walmart has faced a torrent of lawsuits and issues with regards to its workforce. These issues involve low wages, poor working conditions, inadequate health care, and issues involving the company's strong anti-union policies. In November 2013, the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) announced that it had found that in 13 U.S. states, Wal-Mart had pressured employees not to engage in strikes on Black Friday, and had illegally disciplined workers who had engaged in strikes. Critics point to Walmart's high turnover rate as evidence of an unhappy workforce, although other factors may be involved. Approximately 70 percent of its employees leave within the first year. Despite this turnover rate, the company is still able to affect unemployment rates. This was found in a study by Oklahoma State University which states, "Walmart is found to have substantially lowered the relative unemployment rates of blacks in those counties where it is present, but to have had only a limited impact on relative incomes after the influences of other socio-economic variables were taken into account."

Walmart is the largest private employer in the United States, with 1.6 million employees as of 2020. Walmart employs almost five times as many people as IBM, the second-largest employer. Walmart employs more African Americans than any other private employer in the United States. While 4.6% of all retail workers, and 16.5% of all U.S. grocery workers, were unionized as of 2020, Walmart does not employ unionized labor and actively discourages unionization and collective bargaining.

Walmart rebranded their Associate Education Benefits to Live Better U in March 2019. Live Better U supports associate education at every level and includes $1 a day college program, cost-free high school education, and discounts on higher education programs through partnership with Guild Education.

In April 2019, Walmart Inc. announced plans to extend the use of robots in stores in order to improve and monitor inventory, clean floors and unload trucks, part of the company's effort to lower its labor costs. The use of robots has alienated some workers.

In June 2019, Walmart Inc. announced the expansion of education benefits to recruit high school students. The incentives include flexible work schedules, free SAT and ACT preparation courses, up to seven hours of free college credit, and a debt-free college degree in three fields from six nonprofit universities.

Gender

In 2007, a gender discrimination lawsuit, Dukes v. Wal-Mart Stores, Inc., was filed against Walmart, alleging that female employees were discriminated against in matters regarding pay and promotions. A class action suit was sought, which would have been the nation's largest in history, covering 1.5 million past and current employees. On June 20, 2011, the United States Supreme Court ruled in Wal-Mart's favor, stating that the plaintiffs did not have enough in common to constitute a class. The court ruled unanimously that because of the variability of the plaintiffs' circumstances, the class action could not proceed as presented, and furthermore, in a 5–4 decision that it could not proceed as any kind of class action suit. Several plaintiffs, including the lead plaintiff, Betty Dukes, expressed their intent to file individual discrimination lawsuits separately. Dukes died in 2017. In 2020, Walmart agreed to pay $20 million, stop using a pre-employment test, and furnish other relief to settle a companywide, sex-based hiring discrimination lawsuit filed by the U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC).

According to a consultant hired by plaintiffs in a sex discrimination lawsuit, in 2001, Wal-Mart's Equal Employment Opportunity Commission filings showed that female employees made up 65 percent of Wal-Mart's hourly paid workforce, but only 33 percent of its management. Just 35 percent of its store managers were women, compared to 57 percent at similar retailers. Wal-Mart says comparisons with other retailers are unfair, because it classifies employees differently; if department managers were included in the totals, women would make up 60 percent of the managerial ranks.

Sexual orientation and gender identity

In the Human Rights Campaign's (HRC) 2002 Corporate Equality Index, a measure of how companies treat LGBT employees and customers, gave Wal-Mart Stores Inc. a score of 14%. By 2017, however, HRC's 2017 Corporate Equality Index gave Wal-Mart Stores Inc. a score of a 100%. In 2003, Walmart added sexual orientation to their anti-discrimination policy. In 2005, Walmart's definition of family began including same-sex partners. In 2006, Walmart announced that "diversity efforts include new groups of minority, female and gay employees that meet at Walmart headquarters in Bentonville to advise the company on marketing and internal promotion. There are seven business resource groups: women, African Americans, Hispanics, Asians, Native Americans, gays and lesbians, and a disabled group." From 2006 to 2008, Walmart was a member of the National Gay & Lesbian Chamber of Commerce. In 2011, Walmart added gender identity to their anti-discrimination policy. Walmart's anti-discrimination policies allow associates to use restroom facilities that corresponds with their gender identity and gender expression. In 2013, Walmart began offering health insurance benefits to domestic partners. In 2015, Doug McMillon, CEO of Walmart, issued a statement opposing House Bill 1228 and asked Governor Asa Hutchinson to veto the bill. In 2016, Walmart began offering full healthcare benefits to its transgender employees.

Criticism and controversies

Main article: Criticism of Walmart

Walmart has been subject to criticism from various groups and individuals, including labor unions, community groups, grassroots organizations, religious organizations, environmental groups, firearm groups, and the company's own customers and employees. They have protested against the company's policies and business practices, including charges of racial and gender discrimination. Other areas of criticism include the company's foreign product sourcing, treatment of suppliers, employee compensation and working conditions, environmental practices, the use of public subsidies, the company's security policies, and slavery. Walmart denies doing anything wrong and maintains that low prices are the result of efficiency.

In 2012, Walmart’s pork and mango supply chain was contaminated, resulting in a large number of customers suffering from severe food poisoning. In order to resolve the incident immediately, Walmart recalled all contaminated pork and mangoes and emptied its inventory to prevent further sales.

In April 2016, Walmart announced that it plans to eliminate eggs from battery cages from its supply chain by 2025. The decision was particularly important because of Walmart's large market share and influence on the rest of the industry. The move was praised by major animal welfare groups but a poultry trade group representative expressed skepticism about the decision's impact. Walmart's cage-free eggs will not come from free range producers, but rather industrial-scale farms where the birds will be allotted between 1 and 1.5 square feet each, a stressful arrangement which can cause cannibalism. Unlike battery cages, the systems of Walmart's suppliers allow the hens to move around, but relative to battery cages they have higher hen mortality rates and present distinct environmental and worker health problems.

In March 2018, Walmart was sued by former Director of Business Development Tri Huynh for claims of reporting misleading e-commerce performance results in favor of the company. Huynh stated the company's move was an attempt to regain lost ground to competitor Amazon.

In September 2018, Walmart was sued by Equal Employment Opportunity Commission alleging that Walmart denied requests from pregnant employees to limit heavy lifting.

In May 2019, the Center for Inquiry filed a lawsuit in the District of Columbia alleging consumer fraud and the endangering of its customers' health due to Walmart's practice of "selling homeopathic alongside real medicine, in the same sections in its stores, under the same signs", according to Nicholas Little, CFI's vice president and general counsel. On May 20, 2020, District of Columbia Superior Court Judge Florence Pan dismissed CFI's lawsuit, claiming that CFI had no standing as a consumer protection organization and failed to identify the specific actions on the part of Walmart that led to harm to consumers. CFI has challenged both of those arguments and is planning an appeal.

In July 2019, the Walmart subreddit was flooded with pro-union memes in a protest to the firing of an employee who posted confidential material to the subreddit. Many of these posts were angry with Walmart surveying its staff on the Internet. The posting of the union content is in response to the aforementioned alleged anti-union position Walmart has taken in the past.

In November 2021, a federal jury found that Walmart, along with Walgreens and CVS, "had substantially contributed to" the opioid crisis. The damages between the three chains in this suit totalled $650 million. Damages claimed by the lawyers for Lake County and Trumbull County in Ohio were $3.3 billion.

In June 2022, the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) sued Walmart, alleging that the company facilitated money transfer fraud by allowing its money transfer services to be used by scammers who stole hundreds of millions of dollars from customers.

Crime problems

According to an August 2016 report by Bloomberg Businessweek, aggressive cost-cutting decisions that began in 2000 when Lee Scott took over as CEO of the company led to a significant increase in crime in stores across the United States. These included the removal of the store's famed greeters, who are in part seen as a theft deterrent at exits, the replacement of many cashiers with self-checkout stations, and the addition of stores at a rate that exceeded the hiring of new employees, which led to a 19% increase in space per employee from a decade previous. While these decisions succeeded in increasing profits 23% in the decade that followed, they also led to an increase in both theft and violent crime.

In 2015, under CEO Doug McMillon, Walmart began a company-wide campaign to reduce crime that included spot-checking receipts at exits, stationing employees at self-checkout areas, eye-level security cameras in high-theft areas, use of data analytics to detect credit fraud, hiring off-duty police and private security officers, and reducing calls to police with a program by which first-time offenders caught stealing merchandise below a certain value can avoid arrest if they agree to go through a theft-prevention program.

Law enforcement agencies across the United States have noted a burden on resources created by a disproportionate number of calls from Walmart. Experts have criticized the retailer for shifting its security burden onto the taxpayers. Across three Florida counties, approximately 9,000 police calls were logged to 53 Walmart stores but resulted in only a few hundred arrests. In Granite Falls, North Carolina, 92% of larceny calls to local police were from the Walmart store. The trend is similar in rural, suburban, and urban areas. Police are called to Walmart stores 3 to 4 times as much as similar retailers such as Target. Experts say the chain and its razor-thin profit margins rely heavily on police to protect its bottom line. Walmart Supercenters top the list of those most visited by police.

In addition to hundreds of thousands of petty crimes, more than 200 violent crimes, including attempted kidnappings, stabbings, shootings, and murders occurred at the 4,500 Walmarts in the U.S. in 2016. In 2019, 23 people were killed in a mass shooting at a Walmart store in El Paso, Texas.

On June 27, 2020, a shooting occurred at a Walmart distribution center in Red Bluff, California, United States. One employee was killed and the shooter was killed by officers.

In popular culture

See also

Notes

  1. "Total revenues"
  2. "Consolidated net income attributable to Walmart"
  3. "total retail units"

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