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{{Short description|Public transportation organization in Montreal}} | |||
{{Italic title}} | |||
{{Use mdy dates|date=July 2023}} | |||
{{Infobox Public transit | {{Infobox Public transit | ||
| name = Société de transport de Montréal | |||
| box_width =250 | |||
| image = STM (logo, 2010).svg | |||
| name =Société de transport de Montréal<br><small>(Montreal Transit Corporation)</small> | |||
| imagesize = | |||
| image =STM (logo, 2010).svg | |||
| image2 = Montreal STCUM metro bus mosaic.jpg | |||
| imagesize =200 | |||
| imagesize2 = | |||
| image2 =Montreal STCUM metro bus mosaic.jpg | |||
| caption2 = '''Top''': ] and STM logo. Prior to 2002, it was referred to as STCUM. | |||
| imagesize2 =250px | |||
'''Second row''': ], a 1996 ] LFS "167 Le Casino" leaving the ] and heading to the ]. | |||
| caption ='''Top''': ] and 2010 STM logo. Prior to 2002, it was referred to as STCUM. | |||
'''Third row''': ], ]. | |||
'''Second row''': ], a 1996 ] LFS "167 Le Casino" leaving the ] and heading to the ]. | |||
'''Bottom''': Montreal's first two mayors, ] and ], in stained glass in the McGill Station of the ]. | |||
'''Third row''': ], ]. | |||
| locale = ] | |||
'''Bottom''': Montreal's first two mayors, ] and ], in stained glass in the McGill Station of the ]. | |||
| transit_type = Bus, ], ], ] | |||
| locale =] | |||
| lines = 212 bus routes + 23 night routes, 4 subway lines<ref name=everything-about>{{cite web|url=http://stm.info/English/en-bref/a-toutsurlaSTM.htm|title=Everything about the STM|access-date=March 28, 2018|archive-date=June 10, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130610123159/http://www.stm.info/english/en-bref/a-toutsurlaSTM.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> | |||
| transit_type =Local bus and subway transit | |||
| stations = 68 (5 under construction) | |||
| lines = 197 bus routes + 23 night routes, 4 subway lines (1 – green, 2 – orange, 4 – yellow and 5 – blue)<ref name=everything-about></ref> | |||
| ridership = {{American transit ridership|QC Montreal total daily}} ({{American transit ridership|dailydate}}){{American transit ridership|dailycitation}} | |||
| stations = 68<ref name=everything-about /> | |||
| chief_executive = Marie-Claude Léonard | |||
| ridership = 2,524,500 (avg. weekday 2011) <ref name="apta.com">http://www.apta.com/resources/statistics/Documents/Ridership/2011_q1_ridership_APTA.pdf</ref> | |||
| headquarters = {{nowrap|800, rue de la Gauchetiere Ouest}}<br />], ]<br />H5A 1J6 | |||
| chief_executive = ] | |||
| began_operation = 1951 (as CTM)<br />1970 (as CTCUM)<br />1985 (as STCUM)<br />2002 (as STM) | |||
| headquarters = 800 rue de la Gauchetière Ouest | |||
| ended_operation = | |||
] QC H5A 1J6 | |||
| operator = | |||
Canada | |||
| marks = | |||
| began_operation = 2002 | |||
| vehicles = | |||
| ended_operation = | |||
| system_length = | |||
| owner = | |||
| track_gauge = | |||
| operator = Société de transport de Montréal | |||
| average_speed = | |||
| marks = | |||
| top_speed = | |||
| vehicles = | |||
| map = | |||
| system_length = | |||
| map_state = | |||
| track_gauge = | |||
| website = {{URL|http://www.stm.info/en|stm.info}} | |||
| average_speed = | |||
| alt = | |||
| top_speed = | |||
| caption = | |||
| map = | |||
| line_number = | |||
| map_state = collapsed | |||
| start = | |||
| end = | |||
| annual_ridership = | |||
| character = | |||
}} | }} | ||
The '''Société de transport de Montréal''' ({{ |
The '''Société de transport de Montréal''' ({{IPA|fr|sɔsjete də tʁɑ̃spɔʁ də mɔ̃ʁeal}}, '''STM'''; {{lit|Montreal Transit Corporation}}) is a ] agency that operates ] and ] services in the ], Quebec, Canada. Established in 1861 as the "Montreal City Passenger Railway Company", it has grown to comprise ] with a total of ], as well as 212 ] and 23 ]. The STM was created in 2002 to replace the Société de transport de la communauté urbaine de Montréal (STCUM; {{lit|Montreal Urban Community Transit Corporation}}). The STM operates the most heavily used urban mass transit system in Canada, and one of the most heavily used rapid transit systems in ]. As of 2019, the average daily ridership is 2,297,600 passengers: 977,400 by bus, 1,306,500 by rapid transit and 13,700 by paratransit service.<ref name="apta.com"> apta.com Retrieved August 3, 2023</ref> | ||
==History== | |||
The STM operates the fourth most heavily used urban mass transit system in ], after the ], ] and the ].<ref name="apta.com"/> As of 2011, the average daily ridership is 2,524,500 passengers: 1,403,700 by bus, 1,111,700 by rapid transit and 9,200 by paratransit service.<ref name="apta.com"/> | |||
] | |||
Several other public transport companies existed prior to the creation of the STM. From 1861 to 1886, the Montreal City Passenger Railway Company operated a small network of ]s (also called ]). | |||
In 1886, the company changed its name to the ]. The first ] appeared in 1892 and was nicknamed "the Rocket". The company underwent another name change in 1893: MSTR became the MTR for Montreal Island Beltline Railway. A year later, the network was fully electrified and in 1894, the last horse-drawn tram was taken out of service. From 1910 to 1911, the company was named Montreal Public Service Corporation before changing again to ]. | |||
Although they were put into service in 1919, buses only began to be widely used starting in 1925, with the creation of several regular lines. Then in 1937, the first ]es were used. In 1939, the company had 929 trams, 224 buses and 7 trolley buses, serving about 200 million passengers per year. The replacement of tram lines by buses began in 1951, when a law was passed by the provincial government that transferred the overall management of transport in ] to a public organization, the Commission de transport de Montréal (CTM). The last tram was withdrawn from service in 1959. | |||
The ] was inaugurated in 1966 and the same year saw the end of trolley bus service. | |||
The CTM became the Commission de transport de la communauté urbaine de Montréal (CTCUM) in January 1970, and in 1985, rebranded itself again, becoming the Société de Transport de la Communauté Urbaine de Montréal (STCUM). ]s ceased to be the managed by the STCUM in 1996 and responsibility for this service was transferred to the newly created ]. | |||
It was not until January 1, 2002,<ref>{{Cite book |title=100 ans de bus à Montréal |date=2019 |isbn=978-2-9804700-1-1 |pages=366 |language=fr}}</ref> at the time of the ] with other municipalities on the ], that the Société de transport de Montreal was created, taking the place of the STCUM. | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
|- | |||
|+Past transit operators<ref name=origines>{{cite web |url=http://www.stm.info/English/en-bref/a-ancetres.htm |title=Company Timeline |publisher=Stm.info |access-date=April 11, 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130512231914/http://www.stm.info/english/en-bref/a-ancetres.htm |archive-date=May 12, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Binns|first=Richard|title=Montreal's Electric Streetcars|publisher=Railfare}}</ref> | |||
|- | |||
!Name | |||
!Abbreviation | |||
!Start date | |||
!Finish date | |||
!Remarks | |||
|- | |||
|Société de transport de la communauté urbaine de Montréal | |||
|STCUM | |||
|June 20, 1985 | |||
|December 31, 2001 | |||
|Dissolution of the ] | |||
|- | |||
|Commission de transport de la communauté urbaine de Montréal | |||
|CTCUM | |||
|January 1, 1970 | |||
|June 19, 1985 | |||
|Creation of the ] | |||
|- | |||
|] | |||
|CTM | |||
|June 16, 1951 | |||
|December 31, 1969 | |||
|Municipal corporation formed to take over assets of MTC | |||
|- | |||
|] | |||
|MTC | |||
|March 24, 1911 | |||
|June 15, 1951 | |||
|New privately held corporation from merger from MSR, MPIR, and Montreal Terminal Railway Company | |||
|- | |||
|] | |||
|MSR | |||
|June 21, 1886 | |||
|March 23, 1911 | |||
|New name for MCPR | |||
|- | |||
|]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://home.cc.umanitoba.ca/~wyatt/alltime/montreal-qc.html|title=Transit History of Montreal, Quebec|website=home.cc.umanitoba.ca|access-date=March 28, 2018}}</ref> | |||
|MPIR | |||
|December 27, 1893 | |||
|March 23, 1911 | |||
|Privately held corporation; controlling interest acquired by MSR in 1901; merged into MTCo in 1911. | |||
|- | |||
|] | |||
|MCPR | |||
|May 18, 1861 | |||
|June 20, 1886 | |||
|Privately held corporation; horse-drawn street railway service began November 27, 1861. | |||
|} | |||
===Streetcars=== | |||
] | |||
{{Main|Streetcars in Montreal}} | |||
From 1861 to 1959, Montreal had an extensive ] system. The streetcar network had its beginnings with the horsecar era of the Montreal City Passenger Railway in 1861. That private company would become the ] in 1886 and the ] in 1911. The assets of the company were taken over by the city-owned Montreal Transportation Commission in 1951. | |||
===Regional transit service=== | |||
The STM was formerly involved in the operation of regional transit services. The first such service was a set of bus routes inherited from the October 1980 expropriation of a private bus company called Metropolitan Provincial (1967) Inc. These regional bus routes operated from ] to the ] of the ], as well as to off-island points located west, southwest, and northeast of the Island of Montreal. By the end of 1985, the STM (then known by the initials CTCUM) had exited the regional bus business to focus on its core territory (the Island of Montreal). Most of the regional bus routes were passed to private operators who provided services under contract to newly formed intermunicipal transit councils.{{Citation needed|date=June 2024}} | |||
The second regional service involved the management of two ]. On July 1, 1982, the CTCUM and the ] (CN) entered into an agreement to integrate the ] commuter train line into the regular CTCUM bus and Metro network. The CTCUM paid CN to staff, run, and maintain the trains, while it set the fares and schedules. Passengers travelling within the CTCUM operating territory were able to transfer between the trains and the bus or Metro, no fare supplement was required to make a bus/Metro to train transfer <!-- I used to transfer and never had to pay a supplement! -->. On October 1, 1982, a similar agreement with the ] (CP) went into effect, and CP's ] commuter train line was integrated into the CTCUM network.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Former Canadian Pacific train station (Dorion station) |url=https://circuitvd.ca/en/circuit/buildings-and-sites/former-canadian-pacific-train-station-dorion-station.html#:~:text=In%201982,%20the%20Canadian%20Pacific,(AMT),%20followed%20by%20the |access-date=2024-06-05 |website=circuitvd.ca |language=en}}</ref> | |||
On January 1, 1996, responsibility for the commuter trains was transferred to the Agence métropolitaine de transport (AMT) (now ]), a ] provincial government agency formed to coordinate all public transportation in the ] region. | |||
==Services== | |||
===Fares=== | |||
{{Main|Autorité régionale de transport métropolitain#Fare structure}} | |||
Fares for bus and Metro services offered by the STM fall within the ]. The STM operates in ], with the exception of Metro stations in Laval and Longueuil, which fall in Zone B. Passengers leaving the island of Montreal are expected to keep ] of a paid fare that covers zones A and B.<ref>{{Cite web| url=https://www.stm.info/en/info/fares/transit-fares/transit-fares-valid-stm-entry-points-longueuil-and-laval |title=Transit fares valid at STM entry points in Longueuil and Laval |publisher=Société de transport de Montréal|access-date=August 14, 2024}}</ref> | |||
Beyond standard ARTM fares, the STM area has the following particularities: | |||
* Bus line 747 YUL–Montreal–Trudeau Airport has a special price of {{CAD|11}} that operates like a 24-hour all-modes Zone A. Other time-based all-modes fares (such as a monthly pass) are also accepted on this line.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.stm.info/en/info/fares/transit-fares/yul-aeroport-centre-ville-747 |title=Transit fares for line 747 YUL Montreal-Trudeau Airport |publisher=Société de transport de Montréal|access-date=August 14, 2024}}</ref> | |||
* Residents of the ] (coterminal with Zone A) aged 65 or older are entitled to a "Free 65+ All Modes A fare".<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.stm.info/en/info/fares/transit-fares/free-65 |title=Free 65+ |publisher=Société de transport de Montréal|access-date=August 14, 2024}}</ref> | |||
As of February 2022, the STM no longer accepts cash at Metro stations (cash is only accepted for bus fares); only debit and credit cards can be used to purchase tickets.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/montreal/stm-cash-debit-credit-only-montreal-1.6275826 |title=STM to stop accepting cash at Metro station booths starting next year |publisher=CBC News |access-date=August 14, 2024}}</ref> Children between 6 and 17 years old, students 18 and over and seniors aged 65 and over have access to reduced fares.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.stm.info/sites/default/files/pdf/en/tarifs.pdf |format=PDF |title=Fare schedule |publisher=Société de transport de Montréal |access-date=August 14, 2024}}</ref> | |||
Tickets and cash fares allow an unlimited number of uninterrupted transfers in a given direction for up to 120 minutes.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.stm.info/en/info/fares/transfers|title=Transfers|publisher=Société de transport de Montréal|access-date=August 14, 2024}}</ref> Tickets and passes are validated at entry in the front of the bus or in the Metro. Certain articulated buses allow rear entry with validators at the back of the vehicle.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.stm.info/en/info/advice/good-manners-when-using-public-transit/boarding-bus-all-doors|title=Boarding bus via all doors|publisher=Société de transport de Montréal|access-date=August 14, 2024}}</ref> | |||
====Opus==== | |||
{{Main|Opus card}} | |||
] | |||
On April 21, 2008, the STM unveiled the ] called ] (a word that phonetically includes the French word ''puce'', which is the generic French word for the chip used in any type smart card<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.stm.info/t-adapte/faq.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090421042605/http://www.stm.info/t-adapte/faq.htm |archive-date=April 21, 2009 |title=Transport adapté}}</ref>) as a means of fare payment. In preparation for this new step in Montreal's public transportation network, ]s which incorporate the reader and automated vending machines had already been installed in Metro stations; buses had previously been fitted with new fare boxes that incorporated the card reader in order to ensure the uniformity of methods of payment across Montreal's transit network and that of its suburbs. | |||
Costs to the STM related to the project were approximately {{CA$|138{{nbsp}}million|link=yes}}, compared to the original estimated cost of some $100 million. The project was originally supposed to be implemented in 2006. In 2019, the STM announced plans to introduce improved Opus card readers on buses beginning in 2020 in order to enable all-door boarding and debit card payment.<ref>{{cite web |title=New card readers |url=http://www.stm.info/en/about/major_projects/major-bus-projects/new-card-readers | language = en | publisher=Société de transport de Montréal |access-date=May 31, 2020}}</ref> | |||
===Schedules and route information=== | |||
Each stop on each route is assigned a number and some of these systems require a user to know the number. | |||
In 2017 the STM introduced "iBus", a real-time ] system. It includes electronic signs inside buses showing the estimated time of arrival at upcoming stops and the busiest bus stops have electronic signs showing the estimated time of arrival of the next bus.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://montrealgazette.com/news/daily-commuter/With+iBus+transit+riders+will+have+real+time+tracking/5117056/story.html |title=With iBus, transit riders will have real-time tracking |access-date=August 13, 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110926034940/http://www.montrealgazette.com/news/daily-commuter/With+iBus+transit+riders+will+have+real+time+tracking/5117056/story.html |archive-date=September 26, 2011}}</ref> | |||
] | |||
All 68 Metro stations are equipped with the MétroVision information screens which displays advertising, news headlines and weather information from ], as well as STM-specific information regarding service changes, service delays and information pertaining to using the system.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.stm.info/english/info/a-travaux_ecrans.htm |title=Beyond the Work Sites Is Tomorrow's Network |access-date=February 24, 2013 |archive-date=May 27, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130527104747/http://www.stm.info/English/info/a-travaux_ecrans.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> | |||
===Accessibility=== | |||
All 197 daytime bus routes and 23 night routes are wheelchair accessible. All Metro lines except the Yellow line are accessible to wheelchairs. As of June 2021, there are 17 stations with elevators installed: ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ] (orange and green lines only), ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ] . All of the elevators can be reached from street level.<ref>{{cite web|title=Elevator access to the métro|url=http://www.stm.info/en/access/elevator-access-metro|access-date=May 18, 2018}}</ref> | |||
===Connections to other transit services=== | |||
STM is connected to surrounding transit agencies such as: | |||
* ] (STL) — City of ] | |||
* ] (RTL) — City of ] | |||
* ] (EXO) — provides commuter rail service to ], ], ], ], ] and ] lines; as well as a number of commuter bus and transit lines which provide service to suburban and rural areas such as ], ], ], ], ], ], ], and ].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.amt.qc.ca/tc/autobus/index.asp |title=AMT bus connections |access-date=September 24, 2006 |archive-date=October 5, 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061005222308/http://www.amt.qc.ca/tc/autobus/index.asp |url-status=dead }}</ref> | |||
* ] — provides inter-city/inter-provincial passenger rail services throughout Canada. | |||
* ] — provides passenger rail services throughout United States. | |||
==Safety and security== | |||
Since the start of Metro service in 1966, the STM (and predecessors) has had its own transit enforcement unit. | |||
Since 2021, the transit officers are sworn as Special Constables.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Special constables |url=https://www.stm.info/en/info/rules/special-constables |website=www.stm.info}}</ref> They now be subject to the Police Act and, consequently, the authority of the ''Commissaire à la déontologie policière'' (police ethics commissioner).<ref>{{Cite web |date=July 2021 |title=STM presents first unit of special constables |url=https://www.stm.info/en/press/press-releases/2021/stm-presents-first-unit-of-special-constables-of-the-security-and-control-department |website=www.stm.info}}</ref> | |||
In ], special constables are peace officers. Their mission is to maintain peace, order and public security, to prevent and repress crime and, according to the jurisdiction specified in their deeds of appointment, to enforce the law and municipal by-laws, and to apprehend offenders.<ref>{{Cite web |title=- Police Act |url=https://www.legisquebec.gouv.qc.ca/en/document/cs/P-13.1#se:105 |access-date=2023-02-23 |website=www.legisquebec.gouv.qc.ca}}</ref> | |||
The ] has a ''Unité métro'' (Metro Unit) that patrols Metro trains and stations as well. This unit has been in service since 2007.<ref>{{cite web|title=Montréal metro|url=http://www.spvm.qc.ca/en/service/1_2_3_metro_montreal.asp|publisher=Service de police de la Ville de Montréal|access-date=April 1, 2013|archive-date=April 6, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080406163744/http://www.spvm.qc.ca/EN/service/1_2_3_metro_montreal.asp|url-status=dead}}</ref> | |||
===Incidents=== | |||
On May 10, 2012, smoke bombs were set off at ], ], ], ] and ] stations, resulting in evacuations of the affected stations and a complete shutdown of the Metro for over two hours. The incident was not officially linked to the ].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/montreal/montreal-mayor-livid-over-metro-smoke-bomb-attacks-1.1249812|title=Montreal Metro Shutdown|access-date=March 28, 2018}}</ref> | |||
In 2009, a woman was arrested, handcuffed, and searched by ] ({{langx|fr|Service de police de Laval}}) officers for allegedly not holding an escalator handrail. Her case was rejected by both Quebec Superior Court and the Quebec Court of Appeal. In November 2018, the ] agreed to hear her appeal<ref>{{cite web |last1=Beatson |first1=Jesse |title=SCC to Hear Woman Arrested for Not Holding a Handrail |url=http://www.thecourt.ca/scc-to-hear-woman-arrested-for-not-holding-a-handrail/ |website=TheCourt.ca |access-date=February 1, 2021 |date=November 21, 2018}}</ref> and in November 2019, ruled that her arrest and subsequent search were unlawful and had violated her rights. The court also awarded her $20,000 in damages.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Imrie |first1=Alison |title=SCC Allows Appeal in Escalator Handrail Case |url=http://www.thecourt.ca/scc-allows-appeal-in-escalator-handrail-case/ |website=TheCourt.ca |access-date=February 1, 2021 |date=December 9, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Supreme Court awards $20K to woman fined for refusing to hold escalator handrail |work=CBC News |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/montreal/bela-kosoian-supreme-court-handrail-1.5377772 |access-date=February 1, 2021}}</ref> | |||
==Transit modes== | ==Transit modes== | ||
===Metro=== | ===Metro=== | ||
{{Main|Montreal Metro}} | {{Main|Montreal Metro}} | ||
] | |||
The ] |
The ] ] system was introduced in 1966 in preparation for the ] and ] ] in Montreal. Instead of traditional steel-wheeled trains, it is a ], based on technology developed for the ]; Montreal's system was the first in the world to be entirely rubber-tired (as not all of Paris's lines use tires). The Metro system is Canada's busiest subway system in total daily passenger usage; in 2017, serving an average of 1,235,200 daily passengers on an average weekday; a figure which surpassed that of the ] and ].<ref name=":0">{{cite web|url=http://www.apta.com/resources/statistics/Documents/Ridership/2017-q1-ridership-APTA.pdf|title=2017 Q1 American Public transportation Association Ridership Report|date=June 6, 2017|website=American Public Transportation Association|access-date=October 27, 2017}}</ref> In 2016, 354 million riders (transfers not included) used the Metro.<ref name=":0" /> | ||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
Montreal Metro lines: | |||
|+Montreal Metro Lines | |||
|- | |||
* ] | |||
! Number !! Colour !! Termini | |||
* ] | |||
|- | |||
* ] | |||
| 1 || ] || ] – ] | |||
|- | |||
| 2 || ] || ] – ] | |||
|- | |||
| 4 || ] || ] – ] | |||
|- | |||
| 5 || ] || ] – ] | |||
|} | |||
{{clear left}} | {{clear left}} | ||
===Bus services=== | ===Bus services=== | ||
{{Main|List of Montreal Bus Routes}} | |||
].]] | |||
The STM bus service, consists of 197 daytime and 23 nighttime service routes that provide a vast number of routes for the city of Montreal proper. STM bus routes serve an average of 1,403,700 daily passengers on an average weekday in 2011.<ref name="apta.com"/> | |||
{{Main|List of Société de transport de Montréal bus routes}} | |||
Regular bus routes, which usually operate from 4:40 am to 1:30 am from Monday to Saturday and from 5:00 am to 1:00 am on Sundays, Night Routes usually operate from 1:00 am to 5:00 am from Mondays to Sundays depending on the route, some only operate on the nights of Fridays and Saturdays. The STM also operates express routes during rush hours only, special routes termed ''Metrobus'', and ''Trainbus'', are bus routes that lead from a specific terminus and run only a few stops to get passengers to a Metro or Commuter Train station as fast as possible. Reserve Lane Routes operate during rush hour only. Many connections are also available to suburban transit agencies. | |||
]]] | |||
] | |||
The STM bus service operates well over 200 bus routes serving a number of different markets. These routes serve an average of 1,403,700 daily passengers each weekday.<ref name="apta.com"/> | |||
*Local network routes, numbered 10–299, generally operate seven days per week, from 5:00 am to 1:00 am. Some routes offer decreased services on weekends and holidays. Within this classification, some routes operate only at peak hours Monday through Friday, and sometimes only in peak directions. The ''Navettes Or'', numbered above 250, are specifically designed to serve the needs of senior citizens. | |||
The history of bus transits on the Island of Montreal dates back to 1962. With the tramways gone, a new network of buses appeared all over the City and its surroundings, with the routes taking their numbers from the old two-number tramway lines (ex: 51 Édouard-Montpetit, 66 Boulevard, etc.). By 1967, two-number routes went out of numbers and three-number codification has started. In the early 1970s it reached the 200s. The first type of buses used in Montreal was the third generation ] series, the longest to have ever been in STM's service and completely replaced on all routes only by 2000. 1982 saw the introduction of the ] series, first with the original green seat interior, then, by 1990, with the modified blue seats. The third and current fleet was introduced in 2000 and consisted of the new ] series buses, modified first in 2005, then in 2009 to create articulated buses. With Classic's total replacement by 2009, the Novabus is now the only bus series in the service of the STM. | |||
*All-night network routes, with route numbers from 300 to 399, generally operate from 1:00 am to 5:00 am, seven days per week, at a maximum ] of 45 minutes. Some routes offer increased service early on Saturday and Sunday ("late" on Friday and Saturday). | |||
*Express Network routes, numbered 400–499, are limited-stop routes. Some routes are classified as ''Metrobus'', and ''Trainbus'' and are geared to deliver commuters to specific Metro and commuter train stations, although these designations are no longer in use. Most Express routes operate only at peak hours Monday through Friday, and sometimes only in peak directions. | |||
*Shuttle Network routes, numbered 700–799, are special-purpose routes serving ] hockey games, tourist areas like ] and ], as well as the 747 route running 24/7 between downtown and ]. | |||
On August 30, 2010, the STM introduced the "10 Minutes Max" network. This network, overlaid on both the local and express networks described above, schedules buses at a maximum ] of 10 minutes, between 6 a.m. and 9 p.m., Monday to Friday, on 31 of the STM's busiest bus routes.<ref>{{cite web|title=Un bus toutes les 10 minutes, au maximum|url=http://www.radio-canada.ca/regions/Montreal/2010/08/25/004-stm-dix-minutes.shtml|work=Radio-canada.ca|date=August 25, 2010 }}</ref> A few routes support that maximum headway only in the customary peak direction mornings and afternoons, while some routes outside of the advertised network attain similarly short headways but within shorter periods. However, on January 6, 2023, the STM announced it planned to permanently end all "10 Minutes Max" routes due to budget cuts and constraints caused by the ] and a decline in ridership.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-01-06 |title=STM permanently ends '10 Minutes Max' service on remaining bus routes |url=https://montreal.ctvnews.ca/stm-permanently-ends-10-minutes-max-service-on-remaining-bus-routes-1.6221242 |access-date=2023-01-25 |website=Montreal |language=en}}</ref> | |||
The current STM bus fleet consists of five different versions. The entire fleet is equipped with GFI Oddysey fareboxes replacing the old Cleveland fareboxes as of December 2005. The livery on buses between 1991 and 2008 are white with a blue horizontal strip on the lower part of the bus. The new livery on all buses from 2009 and on, feature a new blue and white livery, the front of the bus is blue and the rest of the bus is white with two large overlapping chevrons near the rear on each side. One chevron is blue, the other is yellow, and where they overlap is green. All newer buses are equipped with interior CCTV cameras. | |||
In the early 2010s, the STM announced a plan to convert its entire fleet of buses over to ] by 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |date=5 November 2013 |title=The STM has no alternative but to abandon its plan for acquiring mid-size electric buses |url=https://www.stm.info/en/press/news/2013/the-stm-has-no-alternative-but-to-abandon-its-plan-for-acquiring-mid-size-electric-buses |access-date=2022-09-20 |website=Société de transport de Montréal |language=en |quote=As outlined in its 2020 Strategic Plan, the STM intends to procure electric vehicles only as of 2025}}</ref> Beginning in 2012, all STM bus purchases will be either ]s or ].<ref>{{cite web|author= Eric Loveday |url=http://green.autoblog.com/2010/05/24/montreals-bus-fleet-of-1-300-plus-going-all-electric-by-2025/ |title=Montreal's 1,300-plus bus fleet going all electric by 2025 |publisher=Green.autoblog.com |access-date=January 2, 2012}}</ref> STM began to pilot the use of ]es in 2014.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Electric bus |url=https://www.stm.info/en/about/major_projects/major-bus-projects/bus-network-electrification/electric-bus |access-date=2022-09-20 |website=Société de transport de Montréal |language=en}}</ref> From 2025, STM plans to only order electric buses,<ref name=":1" /> after extensive testing confirmed that buses could handle Montréal's cold winters.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Long-range electric bus passes winter conditions test! |url=https://www.stm.info/en/press/news/2020/long-range-electric-bus-passes-winter-conditions-test- |access-date=2022-09-20 |website=Société de transport de Montréal |language=en}}</ref> | |||
On August 30, 2010, the STM introduced the '''''10 Minutes Max''''' network, this network provide buses at maximum intervals of 10 minutes or less, between 6 a.m. and 9 p.m., Monday to Friday, on the 31 of the STM's busiest bus routes.<ref>{{cite web|title=Un bus toutes les 10 minutes, au maximum|url=http://www.radio-canada.ca/regions/Montreal/2010/08/25/004-stm-dix-minutes.shtml|work=Radio-canada.ca}}</ref> | |||
] | |||
==== Pie-IX BRT ==== | |||
In early 2012, the STM announced a plan to convert its entire fleet of buses over to ] by 2025. Beginning in 2012, all STM bus purchases will be either ]s or electrics and, starting in 2011, Montreal will begin testing ]es (electric buses powered by overhead wires) on some of the city's busiest routes<ref>{{cite web|author=By Eric Loveday RSS feed |url=http://green.autoblog.com/2010/05/24/montreals-bus-fleet-of-1-300-plus-going-all-electric-by-2025/ |title=Montreal's 1,300-plus bus fleet going all electric by 2025 |publisher=Green.autoblog.com |date= |accessdate=2012-01-02}}</ref> | |||
{{Main|Bus rapid transit in Montreal}} | |||
After an initial attempt in the 1990s, a bus rapid transit (BRT) line opened on ] in November 2022. It uses dedicated lanes, has priority at intersections and has all-door boarding to increase capacity and improve reliability on the corridor.<ref name="STM-site">{{Cite web |title=Integrated PIE-IX BRT Project |url=https://www.stm.info/en/about/major_projects/major-bus-projects/pie-ix-brt |access-date=26 August 2022 |publisher=Société de transport de Montréal}}</ref> | |||
===Taxibus=== | ===Taxibus=== | ||
The STM also operates ten ] lines where the creation of regular bus service is not feasible. Regular STM fares apply, except that no cash is accepted.<ref> |
The STM also operates ten ] lines where the creation of regular bus service is not feasible. Regular STM fares apply, except that no cash is accepted.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.stm.info/en/info/networks/bus/collective-taxi|title=Shared taxibus|website=Société de transport de Montréal|accessdate=August 3, 2023}}</ref> | ||
* ], connecting to ] | * ], connecting to ] | ||
* Stewart Hall, connecting to various locations in ] | * Stewart Hall, connecting to various locations in ] | ||
* ], connecting to Place du Commerce | * ], connecting to Place du Commerce | ||
* ], connecting to ] | * ], connecting to ] | ||
* ], connecting to bus route ''407 Express Île-Bizard'' | * ], connecting to bus route ''407 Express Île-Bizard'' | ||
* Norman, connecting ]'s residential neighborhoods to the industrial area north of ] | * Norman, connecting ]'s residential neighborhoods to the industrial area north of ] | ||
* Lachine Industrial Park, connecting to ] | * Lachine Industrial Park, connecting to ] | ||
* Phillips Avenue (]), connecting to bus route ''419 Express John Abbott'' | * Phillips Avenue (]), connecting to bus route ''419 Express John Abbott'' | ||
* ], Sainte-Marie district, connecting to ] | * ], Sainte-Marie district, connecting to ] | ||
* ], connecting to ] | * ], connecting to ] | ||
* ], connecting to ] | * ], connecting to ] | ||
===Paratransit |
===Paratransit service=== | ||
The Société de Transport de Montréal operates a paratransit service for people with mobility problems. The lack of subway accessibility is critical for people whose mobility needs cannot be accommodated by stairs. STM's adapted transit is a system based on reservation, meaning that there is no room for flexibility. All trips must be booked at least one day in advance. | The Société de Transport de Montréal operates a paratransit service for people with mobility problems. The lack of subway accessibility is critical for people whose mobility needs cannot be accommodated by stairs. STM's adapted transit is a system based on reservation, meaning that there is no room for flexibility. All trips must be booked at least one day in advance. | ||
Service began in April 1980. In first quarter, 2011, 9,200 trips were made through this service daily.<ref name="apta.com"/> | Service began in April 1980. In first quarter, 2011, 9,200 trips were made through this service daily.<ref name="apta.com"/> | ||
==Current vehicles== | |||
The STM operates over 2,000 buses in its fleet.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Rapport annuel 2020 |url=https://www.stm.info/fr/a-propos/informations-entreprise-et-financieres/rapport-annuel-2020 |access-date=2022-09-20 |website=Société de transport de Montréal |language=fr |quote=Le parc de bus est composé de 1 024 APS réguliers (15 climatisés). 660 hybrides (645 climatisés). 257 articulés (2 climatisés). 7 électriques climatisés, 86 minibus (TA) et 16 minibus urbains.}}</ref> In recent years, only one model has been used – the ]. {{As of|2020}}, the bus fleet comprises around 1,000 40 ft diesel buses, around 650 40 ft ], and around 250 62 ft ]es.<ref name=":2" /> | |||
The STM operates over 1,800 buses in its fleet. | |||
{|class="wikitable collapsible collapsed |
{| class="wikitable collapsible collapsed" | ||
! colspan=6 | Current Société de transport de Montréal Vehicles | |||
|- | |- | ||
! colspan=7 | Current Société de transport de Montréal vehicles | |||
!Photo | |||
|- | |||
!Photo | |||
!Manufacturer | !Manufacturer | ||
! scope="col" style="width:40px;"| Years | ! scope="col" style="width:40px;"| Years | ||
Line 99: | Line 261: | ||
!Remarks | !Remarks | ||
!Fleet numbers | !Fleet numbers | ||
!Length | |||
|- style="text-align:center; border: 1px solid silver;" | |||
|] | |||
|] | |||
| 1995–1998 | |||
|LFS First Generation | |||
| | |||
* {{access icon|16px}} | |||
* Exit from service 2012. | |||
* Cummins C8.3 Engine | |||
* Cummins ISC Engine for later 1998 models. | |||
* Luminator destination sign | |||
* Gradually being replaced by the 3rd Generation LFS' | |||
|16-001 to 18-096 | |||
|- style="text-align:center;" | |||
|] | |||
|] | |||
| 2001–2004 | |||
|LFS Second Generation | |||
| | |||
* {{access icon|16px}} | |||
* Cummins ISC Engine | |||
* Luminator destination sign (21-XXX series) | |||
* Balios destination sign (22-XXX - 24-XXX) | |||
| 21-202 to 24-307 | |||
|- style="text-align:center;" | |- style="text-align:center;" | ||
|] | |] | ||
|] | | rowspan="5" |] | ||
| 2006–2009 | |||
| 2005–2009 | |||
| LFS | |||
|LFS Second Generation | |||
| | | | ||
* {{access icon|16px}} | * {{access icon|16px}} | ||
* Cummins ISL Engine | * Cummins ISL Engine | ||
* Axion destination sign | * Axion destination sign | ||
* Wider front door and chevron livery from 2009 onwards | |||
| 25-201 to 29-071 | |||
| 26–001 to 26–086 <br /> 27–001 to 27–030 <br /> 27–501 to 27–536 <br /> 28–001 to 28–132 <br /> 29–001 to 29–071 | |||
|- style="text-align:center;" | |||
| rowspan="2" | {{Convert|40|ft|m|abbr=on|order=flip}} | |||
|] | |||
|] | |||
| 2008 | |||
|LFS HEV | |||
| | |||
* {{access icon|16px}} | |||
* E<sup>P</sup>40 Hybrid System | |||
| 28-701 to 28-708 | |||
|- style="text-align:center;" | |- style="text-align:center;" | ||
|] | |] | ||
| 2009–2012 | |||
|] | |||
|LFS | |||
| 2009–present | |||
|LFS Third Generation | |||
| | | | ||
* {{access icon|16px}} |
* {{access icon|16px}} | ||
* Some units equipped with bike racks.<ref> |
* Some units equipped with bike racks.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.stm.info/English/info/a-velo.htm|title=Bike + Bus = Partners in Road Safety|access-date=March 28, 2018|archive-date=June 22, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130622010719/http://www.stm.info/english/info/a-velo.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> | ||
| 29–072 to 29–156 <br /> 30–001 to 30–256 <br /> 31–001 to 31–237 <br /> 32–001 to 32–032 | |||
| 29-072 to 32-032 | |||
|- style="text-align:center;" | |- style="text-align:center;" | ||
|] | |] | ||
| 2009–2013 | |||
|] | |||
|LFS-A | |||
| 2009–2011 | |||
|LFS ] | |||
| | | | ||
* {{access icon|16px}} | * {{access icon|16px}} | ||
* First |
* First articulated buses to run with the STM. | ||
| 29–801 to 29–858 <br /> 30–801 to 30–882 <br /> 31–801 to 31–862 <br /> 32–801 to 32–810 <br /> 33–801 to 33–845 | |||
| 29-801 to 31-862 | |||
|{{Convert|60|ft|m|abbr=on|order=flip}} | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
| 2016, 2019 | |||
| LFSe | |||
| | |||
* {{access icon|16px}} | |||
* Enter this service on May 24, 2017.<ref name=rdd2018> stm.info (in French) Retrieved August 3, 2023</ref> | |||
* Electric buses | |||
* Only in limited service. | |||
* Only on 36 Monk. | |||
* These 2019 units of buses painted/wrapped blue instead of green. | |||
| 36–901 to 36–903 <br /> 39–901 to 39–904 | |||
| rowspan="2" |{{Convert|40|ft|m|abbr=on|order=flip}} | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | |||
| colspan=6 | <gallery> | |||
| 2016–2022 | |||
File:Ford E-450 STM.jpg|A 2008-present Ford E-Series STM bus used for the paratransit service. | |||
| LFS HEV | |||
File:'08-'10 Ford F-250 Extended Cab STM.jpg|The original STM logo on a 2008-2010 ]. | |||
| | |||
File:Ford Crown Victoria STM.jpg|An STM security vehicle, which is a ]. | |||
* {{access icon|16px}} | |||
File:'03-'05 Ford E-350 Cutaway STM.jpg|An STM cutaway vehicle, being a ]. | |||
* Enter this service on June 4, 2016 | |||
File:Chevrolet Express 3500 Van STM.jpg|The original STM logo and the ] van. | |||
* Have BAE Hybridrive hybrid systems unlike the 2008 hybrids. | |||
File:'05-'07 Dodge Grand Caravan STM.jpg|An STM-owned ] minus the logo. | |||
* (37-055 to 42–049) – two wheelchair sets {{access icon|15px}} {{access icon|15px}} | |||
File:'07-'09 Jeep Patriot STM.jpg |A ] having the original STM logo. | |||
| 36–001 to 36–027 <br /> 36–028 to 36–051 <br /> 37–001 to 37–107 <br /> 38–001 to 38–100 <br /> 39–001 to 39–150 <br /> 40–001 to 40–251 <br /> 41–001 to 41–129 <br /> 42–001 to 42–049 | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
| ] | |||
| 2019 | |||
| ] | |||
| | |||
* {{access icon|16px}} | |||
* All indications are that the four BYD buses of the STM will be put into service on line 212 (Sainte-Anne).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.journaldemontreal.com/2018/08/11/la-stm-opte-pour-des-bus-electriques-chinois|title=La STM opte pour des bus électriques chinois|first=Sylvain|last=Larocque|date=August 11, 2018|website=Le Journal de Montréal|accessdate=August 3, 2023}}</ref> | |||
* The delivery of the four midibuses is scheduled for the fourth quarter of 2019.<ref>{{cite news |last=PELLETIER|first=GUILLAUME|title= Montréal et Longueuil: des bus de Chine livrés en retard|url= https://www.journaldemontreal.com/2019/10/04/montreal-et-longueuil-des-bus-de-chine-livres-en-retard|work=Journal de Montreal |quote= We are facing unexpected delays from the supplier and a delivery in December 2019 is now targeted by BYD|language=en |date=October 4, 2019|access-date= November 22, 2019}}</ref> | |||
| 39–701 to 39–704 | |||
|{{Convert|30|ft|m|abbr=on|order=flip}} | |||
|- | |||
|] | |||
| ] | |||
| 2019–2020 | |||
| XE40 | |||
| | |||
* {{access icon|16px}} | |||
* Contact awarded approved by the city in August 2018. First-ever New Flyer buses for Société de transport de Montréal. | |||
* The remaining 29 buses will be gradually delivered starting in June 2020.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.stm.info/en/press/press-releases/2019/long-range-electric-bus-arrives-in-montreal |title=Long-range electric bus arrives in Montréal | Société de transport de Montréal |publisher=Stm.info |date= |accessdate=2022-03-23}}</ref><ref name="20191111stmnewflyer"/> | |||
* These new buses are air-conditioned and have two wheelchair spaces.<ref name="20191111stmnewflyer">{{Cite web|url=https://www.journaldemontreal.com/2019/11/11/la-stm-recoit-son-premier-autobus-electrique-a-grande-autonomie|title=La STM reçoit son premier autobus électrique à grande autonomie | 24 heures|accessdate=August 3, 2023}}</ref> | |||
|40–901 to 40–930 | |||
| {{Convert|40|ft|m|abbr=on|order=flip}} | |||
|- | |||
! colspan=7 | On order (units)<ref> stm.info (in French) Retrieved August 3, 2023</ref>{{rp|44}} <!--Réseau de bus --> | |||
|- | |||
| colspan="7" | <gallery mode="packed"> | |||
File:Ford E-450 STM.jpg|A 2008–present Ford E-Series STM bus used for the paratransit service | |||
File:'08-'10 Ford F-250 Extended Cab STM.jpg|The original STM logo on a 2008–2010 ] | |||
File:Ford Crown Victoria STM.jpg|A STM Transit Safety vehicle, which is a ] | |||
File:'03-'05 Ford E-350 Cutaway STM.jpg|An STM cutaway vehicle, a ] | |||
File:Chevrolet Express 3500 Van STM.jpg|The original STM logo and the ] van | |||
</gallery> | </gallery> | ||
|- | |||
|} | |} | ||
== |
==Infrastructure== | ||
===Fares=== | |||
===Terminal=== | |||
The STM fare system accepts cash, tickets (for Students and Seniors), and transit passes. As of January 1, 2012, adult cash fares are $3.00 for a single trip, a week $23.50, or month $75.50. Student or senior cash fares are $2.00 for a single trip. Student/senior weekly passes are sold for $13.75 and monthly passes for $43.75. Child cash fare is free for ages 5 and younger. Day passes available by the day $8, for 3 days at $16. There is a $4.00 unlimited evening pass, valid from 6 pm to 5 am. The $8 day pass is valid for one adult and 5 youths (up to age of 19) or 2 adults and up to 4 youths on the weekends or holidays. Transfers are free (for trips in one direction). Transfers must be used within a 120-minute period. | |||
]]] | |||
] | |||
Most STM bus routes terminate at loops, side streets or Metro stations. | |||
] | |||
On April 21, 2008, the STM unveiled the ] called ] (a play on the French phrase ''au puce''. ''Puce'' being the generic French word for the chip used in the OPUS cards as well as for the chip used in credit cards and in bank cards.) as a means of fare payment. In preparation for this new step in Montreal's public transportation network, turnstiles which incorporate the reader and automated vending machines had already been installed in metro stations; buses had previously been fitted with new fare boxes that incorporate the card reader, in order to ensure the uniformity of methods of payment across Montreal's transit network and that of its suburbs. | |||
One advantage to the smart card compared to the previous system is the seamless integration with other transit networks of neighbouring cities, eliminating the need to carry small change or purchase different tickets. The same can be said of the commuter train service, run by the ], that requires the purchasing of a ticket different from those offered by the STM. Another advantage relates to the speed at which users can access the system. As opposed to the ]s previously in use, which have been sold alongside the new OPUS cards up until May 2009, the ] is more user-friendly in that not only will the card not risk becoming demagnetized and rendered useless, but it also does not require patrons to slide the card in a particular way—proximity to the contactless reader will suffice. | |||
Costs to the STM related to the project are approximately $138 million, compared to the original estimated cost of some $100 million. The project was originally supposed to be implemented in 2006. | |||
===Schedules and route information=== | |||
Route information can be accessed through the STM AUTOBUS number at 514-288-6287. Individual route schedules are available online at . Google Maps supports the STM. | |||
In July 2009 the STM set up an SMS service that show uses the bus schedules, the planned opening and closing times of the metro and informs of any delays in the metro or bus service.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.stm.info/English/info/comm-09/a-co090714.htm |title=Press releases |publisher=Stm.info |date=2009-07-14 |accessdate=2012-01-02}}</ref> | |||
] | |||
In 2014 the STM will introduce '''iBus''', a real-time GPS tracking system. It will include electronic signs inside buses showing the estimated time of arrival at upcoming stops and the busiest bus stops will have electronic signs showing the estimated time of arrival of the next bus.<ref>{{dead link|date=January 2012}}</ref> | |||
A handful of stations are equipped with the MétroVision information screens which displays advertising, news headlines and weather information from RDI and the Weather Network, as well as STM-specific information regarding service changes, service delays and information pertaining to using the system. By the end of 2015 the STM plannes to have the screens in all 68 metro stations. | |||
===Accessibility=== | |||
All 197 daytime bus routes and 23 night routes are wheelchair accessible. However on 1 out of the 4 metro lines are accessible to wheelchairs. The Orange line has 8 stations with elevators installed : ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ]. Two additional stations are to have elevators installed by 2016.<ref>{{cite web|author=Jean-Louis Fortin |url=http://24hmontreal.canoe.ca/24hmontreal/actualites/archives/2010/11/20101124-151648.html |title=24h Montréal – Actualités — Des travaux de 500 millions $ dans le métro |publisher=24hmontreal.canoe.ca |date=2010-11-24 |accessdate=2012-01-02}}</ref> | |||
==Infrastructure== | |||
===Termini=== | |||
].]] | |||
Most STM bus routes terminate at loops, side streets or metro stations. | |||
====Regional terminals==== | |||
====Terminus with many bus routes from the STM and other transit agencies in Greater Montreal==== | |||
* ] | * ] | ||
* ] | * ] | ||
* ] | * ] | ||
* ] | * ] | ||
* ] | * ] | ||
* ] | |||
* ] | * ] | ||
* ] | * ] | ||
=====Other smaller STM loops/ |
=====Other smaller STM loops/terminals include===== | ||
* Terminus Anjou | * Terminus Anjou | ||
* Terminus Atwater | * ] | ||
* Terminus Jolicoeur | * ] | ||
* Terminus Lafleur-Newman | * Terminus Lafleur-Newman | ||
* Terminus MacDonald | * Terminus MacDonald | ||
Line 226: | Line 376: | ||
* ] | * ] | ||
* Terminus 100th Avenue | * Terminus 100th Avenue | ||
* Beaubien Loop | * ] | ||
* Crémazie Loop | * ] | ||
* Laurier Loop | * ] | ||
* Rosemont Loop | * ] | ||
* Villa Maria Loop | * ] | ||
* Du College Loop | * ] | ||
===Facilities=== | ===Facilities=== | ||
STM buses are operated out of a number of garages located around the city. They are Anjou, Frontenac, LaSalle, Legendre, Mont-Royal, Stinson, St-Denis, St-Laurent and St-Michel for Paratransit. The surface routes are divided into several divisions. Individual divisions have a superintendent, an on-duty mobile supervisor, a communications centre, and a garage facility tasked with managing the division's vehicle fleet and routes. | |||
] | |||
STM buses are operated out of a number of garages located around the city and metro trains are serviced several other facilities. | |||
The surface routes are divided into several divisions. Individual divisions have a superintendent, an on-duty mobile supervisor, a communications centre, and a garage facility tasked with managing the division's vehicle fleet and routes. Metro trains are stored in four garages and maintenance is carried out in three different facilities along the network. | |||
Metro trains are stored in the four garages at Angrignon, Beaugrand, Montmorency and Saint-Charles and there are three maintenance facilities at Duvernay, Plateau d'Youville and Viau. | |||
{{Col-begin|width=100%}} | |||
{{Col-1-of-3}} | |||
{|class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:90%; text-align:center; margin: 5px;" | |||
|- | |||
!Bus Garages | |||
|- | |||
|Anjou | |||
|- | |||
|Crémazie | |||
|- | |||
|Frontenac | |||
|- | |||
|LaSalle | |||
|- | |||
|Legendre | |||
|- | |||
|Mont-Royal | |||
|- | |||
|Stinson '''(2013)''' | |||
|- | |||
|St-Denis | |||
|- | |||
|St-Laurent | |||
|- | |||
|St-Michel '''(Paratransit)''' | |||
|} | |||
{{Col-2-of-3}} | |||
{|class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:90%; text-align:center; margin: 5px;" | |||
|- | |||
!Metro Train Garages | |||
|- | |||
|Angrignon | |||
|- | |||
|Beaugrand | |||
|- | |||
|Montmorency | |||
|- | |||
|Saint-Charles | |||
|} | |||
{{Col-3-of-3}} | |||
{|class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:90%; text-align:center; margin: 5px;" | |||
|- | |||
!Metro train maintenance facilities | |||
|- | |||
|Duvernay | |||
|- | |||
|Plateau d'Youville | |||
|- | |||
|Viau | |||
|} | |||
{{Col-end}} | |||
===Stops and shelters=== | ===Stops and shelters=== | ||
{{multiple image | |||
| align = right | |||
| direction = horizontal | |||
| image1 = STM Bus Stop.png | |||
| width1 = {{#expr: (180 * 640 / 960) round 0}} | |||
| caption1 = 119 Rockland stop | |||
| image2 = STMBus-Shelter.jpg | |||
| width2 = {{#expr: (180 * 3072 / 2304) round 0}} | |||
| caption2 = STM bus shelter | |||
}} | |||
There are 8,500 bus stops in the STM network. Each stop has a panel that indicates the number of routes that stops there, the type of service, if the bus goes to a Metro or train station and the bus stop code enabling one to obtain the schedule by telephone at 514-AUTO-BUS. The STM is in the process of changing all its bus stop panels to a new modern pole that displays the route numbers. The route number is color-coded for the type of service it offers, dark blue is for regular routes, green is for express, metrobus and R-bus routes, black for night routes and gold for senior shuttles. Advertising is provided by CBS. On November 8, 2010, the STM launched 3 prototypes of modern bus shelters to replace the old ones. They will run on a solar power system and lights in the shelter are to be controlled by motion sensor. Bus shelters at high-traffic intersections feature an interactive screen where people can use hand gestures to access weather, news and bus route information. Since the introduction of GPS in the fleet, the screen can also be used to track busses on the route.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.stm.info/en/info/advice/transit-shelters|title=Digital transit shelters|access-date=March 28, 2018|archive-date=March 28, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180328224949/http://www.stm.info/en/info/advice/transit-shelters|url-status=dead}}</ref> | |||
==See also== | |||
There are 8,500 bus stops in the STM network. Each stop has a panel that indicates the number of routes that stops there, the type of service, if the bus goes to a metro or train station and the bus stop code enabling one to obtain the schedule by telephone at 514-AUTO-BUS. The STM is in the process of changing all its bus stop panels to a new modern pole that displays the route numbers. The route number is color coded for the type of service it offers, dark blue is for regular routes, green is for express, metrobus and R-bus routes, black for night routes and gold for senior shuttles. Advertising is provided by CBS. On November 8, 2010 the STM lunched 3 prototypes of modern bus shelters to replace the old ones. They will run on a solar power system and lights in the shelter are to be controlled by motion sensor. | |||
{{Portal|Transport}} | |||
<center><gallery> | |||
File:NewMontrealBusStops.jpg|STM bus stop | |||
File:STMBus-Shelter.jpg|New STM bus shelters. | |||
</gallery></center> | |||
==History== | |||
] | |||
===Predecessor companies=== | |||
'''''Past Montreal transit agencies.''''' <ref name=origines>{{cite web|url=http://www.stm.info/English/en-bref/a-ancetres.htm |title=STM — The evolution of tranportation companies in Montreal |publisher=Stm.info |date= |accessdate=2012-01-02}}</ref> | |||
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%; margin:5px;" | |||
|- | |||
!Name | |||
!Abbreviation | |||
!Start Year | |||
!Finish Year | |||
!Remarks | |||
|- | |||
|'''Société de transport de la communauté urbaine de Montréal''' | |||
|STCUM | |||
|June 1985 | |||
|December 2001 | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
|'''Commission de transport de la communauté urbaine de Montréal''' | |||
|CTCUM | |||
|January 1970 | |||
|May 1985 | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
|'''Commission de transport de Montréal''' | |||
|CTM | |||
|January 1951 | |||
|December 1969 | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
|'''Montreal Tramways Company''' | |||
|MTC | |||
|January 1911 | |||
|December 1950 | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
|'''Montreal Street Railway Company''' | |||
|MSRC | |||
|January 1886 | |||
|December 1910 | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
|'''Montreal City Passenger Railway Company''' | |||
|MSR | |||
|November 1861 | |||
|December 1885 | |||
| | |||
|} | |||
<ref>{{cite book|last=Binns|first=Richard|title=Montreal's Electric Streetcars|publisher=Railfare}}</ref> | |||
===Streetcars=== | |||
From 1894 to 1959, Montreal had an extensive ] system. The streetcar network had its beginnings with the horsecar era of the Montreal City Passenger Railway in 1861. That private company would become the Montreal Street Railway in 1886. The decision to use electricity instead of horses for propulsion was made in 1892. On September 21 of that same year, "''The Rocket''," Montreal's first electric streetcar made its maiden voyage. By 1894, the remaining horsecar lines had all been converted to accommodate the new electrically powered streetcars. The Montreal Street Railway was known as one of the most innovative and progressive in North America. One of its innovations was the introduction of the "Pay As You Enter" (P.A.Y.E.) system of fare collection in 1905. Prior to that time, conductors would walk through the car collecting fares meaning many passengers probably rode for free on very crowded cars. The P.A.Y.E. system was adopted worldwide by many other transit companies. The company also designed and built two open sightseeing (another two were built later) cars that were in service until the late 1950s. The designs of those sightseeing cars were sold to transit companies in Quebec City, Calgary and Vancouver, who all built their own versions of the car. | |||
In 1911 a new corporate entity, the Montreal Tramways Company was formed consolidating the city streetcar routes of the Montreal Street Railway and the suburban routes of the Montreal Park & Island Railway and the Montreal Terminal Railway. The Montreal Tramways Company would own and operate the transportation system until the system was taken over by the city-owned Montreal Transportation Commission in 1951. | |||
The city's last streetcars operated on August 30, 1959, after which Montreal was served solely by buses until the Metro or subway opened in October 1966. A small electric trolleybus network consisting of four routes continued operating until April 1966, when two of the routes were converted to diesel buses. The final two trolleybus routes lasted for another two months until June 1966. | |||
Through the war years (1939 to 1945), Montreal's streetcar system carried huge passenger loads with workers commuting to busy factories supplying the war effort. Every available streetcar was put into service. The company even bought several streetcars from U.S. systems that were converting to buses. Even private automobile owners were taking streetcars as rationing made gasoline and tires difficult to get. Most manufacturing of private automobiles was halted about halfway through the war years so assembly plants could concentrate on military vehicles. The Montreal Tramways Company had its own difficulties in getting material and some maintenance had to be deferred. The heavy wartime traffic and deferred maintenance took its toll. The Montreal Tramways Company faced major challenges at the end of the war. | |||
There was much rehabilitation work that had to be done to the track, the overhead trolley wires and the streetcars themselves. There was also much more competition. Manufacturing of automobiles for the civilian market started up again and after the deprivations of the war, many people wanted one. Many former streetcar passengers were now buying their first cars. Streetcar passenger numbers were starting to fall. The much-touted freedom of the automobile encouraged the development of new neighborhoods further from the city centre and not served by the company's streetcars. Traffic congestion was becoming a bigger problem, especially in the narrower streets of the older parts of downtown Montreal. The private ]'s 30-year contract with the city was also coming to an end in 1948. For all of these reasons, the company was reluctant to spend money on expansion and modernization. Instead they would sell their assets to a publicly owned transportation authority. In 1950, legislation was passed to create the city-owned Montreal Transportation Commission, which would be charged with taking over the assets of the Montreal Tramways Company, which it officially did in June 1951. The Commission decided to convert all streetcar lines to buses within 10 years. | |||
] | |||
To relieve traffic congestion, the newly established Montreal Transportation Commission decided to convert the inner city routes first. Many of Montreal's streetcar routes included running on a portion of ] downtown. On some downtown sections of this street, there was a headway of 10 seconds or less between streetcars. By the end of August 1956, streetcar service on Sainte-Catherine Street had come to an end. A parade of streetcars and historical equipment was held to commemorate the event. Many of the outlying routes, especially those running on private ], lasted the longest. When the last streetcar ran in August 1959, another parade was held to mark the end of the streetcar era in Montreal. The Commission had succeeded in replacing the streetcar system with buses in eight years instead of ten. | |||
* ] service 1861–1894 | |||
* ] service 1894–1959 | |||
Since 1905, the system included a set of two (later four) special open-topped sightseeing streetcars locally known as Golden Chariots. Ostensibly for tourists, they were probably always more popular with Montrealers looking for a breezy ride during the hot and humid summers of Montreal. Seating was arranged in an ascending configuration (like a theatre's tiered seats) toward the rear to provide a commanding view of the sights. They operated on a 10 mile (16 km) counter-clockwise circuit around the three peaks of ] via Bleury, Park, Laurier, Côte Sainte-Catherine, Bellingham, Maplewood, Decelles, Queen Mary, private right-of-way between Queen Mary and Côte Saint-Luc, Girouard, Sherbrooke, Atwater, St. Luke, Closse, Sainte-Catherine, then back to Bleury. | |||
A second Golden Chariot route was established in the late 1940s. That followed a counter-clockwise route along Sainte-Catherine, Delormier, Mount Royal Avenue, Park, Laurier, Côte Sainte-Catherine, Bellingham, Maplewood, Decelles, Queen Mary, Côte-des-Neiges, and back to Sainte-Catherine. This second route lasted only a few years being discontinued when streetcar service ended on Cote des Neiges in 1955. | |||
By 1956, the original and remaining Golden Chariot route had to be adjusted as streetcar trackage was reduced. When streetcar service ended on Sherbrooke and Sainte-Catherine at the end of August 1956, cars were rerouted. Instead of turning east from Girouard to Sherbrooke, they continued south on Girouard to ], then Saint-Antoine to Bleury and ]. They last ran in regular service in the summer of 1957 although they could still be chartered in the summer of 1958. By then, however, the streetcar track network had really shrunk. Existing examples of these unique vehicles can be seen in streetcar or railway museums (ones are known to be at the ] in ] and at the ] in ]). | |||
] | |||
Contrary to popular belief, the Golden Chariots never operated in regular service over Mount Royal, a small 764-foor high mountain that is the city's namesake. It was found that if passengers stood in some areas of the upper tiers of the Golden Chariots, there was not enough of a safety clearance in the tunnel on that line. Therefore the Company only used the Golden Chariots on the spectacular mountain right-of-way for occasional charter trips. The Mount Royal streetcar private right-of-way would later become the ] Parkway for automobiles. Service was normally provided by the regular cars of the 11-Mountain route from the east, and the 93-Remembrance route from the west. Both routes met at Summit Loop near today's Beaver Lake (Lac des Castors) Pavilion where Remembrance Road and the Camillien Houde Parkway meet. The 93-Remembrance route was one of the shortest in the city, being only about three-quarters of a mile long from its western terminus at Remembrance and Cote des Neiges Roads. While the 93-Remembrance route was a relatively straight line to Summit Loop, the 11-Mountain route was far more challenging. The route up the east side of the mountain featured sharp curves, grades as steep as 10 percent and a 337-foot tunnel. Motormen on this route were specially trained and strict safety procedures were used. The streetcars used on this route were equipped with an auxiliary braking system and powerful handbrakes in addition to their regular equipment. Both the 93-Remembrance and 11-Mountain routes were summer-only services. | |||
There were a number of other unique cars on the system especially in the earlier years. The Montreal Street Railway and later the Montreal Tramways Company operated a smaller two-axle version of the Golden Chariots. It was used as a rolling stage for the company's employee band. A prison car with no side windows was used to take miscreants between the downtown courthouse and the outlying ] before roads were improved. The streetcar fleet also included two funeral cars, the second and larger of which saw heavy use during the influenza epidemic of 1918. They were used to carry caskets to the outlying Hawthorn-dale Cemetery, which was beyond the reach of good roads at the time. The funeral cars only carried caskets with the mourners having to take regular streetcars. | |||
===Trolleybuses=== | |||
Montreal also used ]es. Introduced in 1937, they were seen as having some advantages over streetcars. Unlike streetcars, they could load and unload at the curb instead of stopping traffic in the middle of the street. They were still dependent on overhead trolley wires. Their passenger capacity was also less than the larger streetcars. Although all streetcar lines had been converted to buses by 1959, traffic congestion had not improved as hoped. City traffic engineers came up with a plan to turn many major streets into one-way thoroughfares, which would affect several trolleybus routes. Trolleybuses by this time had fallen out of favour with transit companies, and new North American equipment was harder to get. Montreal's Brill trolleybuses were quickly approaching the end of their economic service lives. As a result of all of these factors, the Commission decided to end trolleybus service in 1966. Two of the four trolleybus routes were converted to diesel buses in April while the last two trolleybus routes were converted to diesel buses in June. Montreal's new subway, the Metro, would open just four months later in October. Here are just some of the vehicles that served in Montreal: | |||
====Horsecars==== | |||
* ] sleigh | |||
* ] horsecar | |||
* ] omnibus | |||
====Electric cars==== | |||
* ] DE ST ] | |||
* ] SE ST | |||
* ] SE DT, ] | |||
* ] SE DT | |||
* ] SE DT | |||
* ] SE DT | |||
In February 2006, Montreal mayor ] suggested the city look into a return of the streetcar into the heart of the city, following a visit to ], where new service is also in the planning stages. {{Citation needed|date=December 2007}} | |||
====Trolleybuses==== | |||
* ] 664T | |||
* ] T-44, T-44A | |||
===Regional transit service=== | |||
The STM was formerly involved in the operation of regional transit services. The first such service was a set of bus routes inherited from the October 1980 expropriation of a private bus company called Metropolitan Provincial (1967) Inc. These regional bus routes operated from downtown Montreal to the ] of the ], as well as to off-island points located west, south-west, and north east of the Island of Montreal. By the end of 1985, the STM (then known by the initials CTCUM) had exited the regional bus business to focus on its core territory (the Island of Montreal). Most of the regional bus routes were passed to private operators who provided services under contract to newly formed intermunicipal transit councils. | |||
The second regional service involved the management of two ]. On July 1, 1982, the CTCUM and the ] (CN) entered into an agreement to integrate the ] commuter train line into the regular CTCUM bus and metro network. The CTCUM paid CN to staff, run, and maintain the trains, while it set the fares and schedules. Passengers travelling within the CTCUM operating territory were able to transfer between the trains and the bus or metro, no fare supplement was required to make a bus/metro to train transfer <!-- I used to transfer and never had to pay a supplement! -->. On October 1, 1982, a similar agreement with the ] (CP) went into effect and CP's ] commuter train line was integrated into the CTCUM network. | |||
On January 1, 1996, responsibility for the commuter trains was transferred to the ], a Quebec provincial government agency formed to coordinate all public transportation in the ] region. | |||
==Connections to other transit services== | |||
STM is connected to surrounding transit agencies such as: | |||
* ] (STL) — City of ] | |||
* ] (RTL) — City of ] | |||
* ] (AMT) — provides commuter rail service to ], ], ], ] and ]. | |||
* A number of intermunicipal transit organizations known as ''Conseil Intermunicipale de Transport'' (CITs) which provide service to suburban and rural areas such as ], ], ], ], ], ], ], and ].<ref></ref> | |||
==Budget== | |||
{{POV-section|date=June 2012}} | |||
The STM's budget has increased every year since 2000, when it was 620 million dollars. In 2012, the budget was 1.2 billion dollars. One reason for this increase is due to more maintenance being needed. Of this 1.2 billion dollars, 0.9% was dedicated to fixing old infrastructure. | |||
The STM's budget comes from two sources: ticket fares and government funding. Because the STM needs more money as the years go by, ticket fares have been increasing. Since Since 1985, when the fare cost were 85 cents, the price gone up by 353%, but since 2006, the fares have only increases by 9%. | |||
==Incidents== | |||
On May 10, 2012, smoke bombs were set off at ], ], ], ] and ] stations, resulting in evacuations of the affected stations and a complete shutdown of the Montreal Metro for over two hours. The incident was not officially linked to the ].<ref></ref> | |||
==See also== | |||
* ] | * ] | ||
* ] | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
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Latest revision as of 01:37, 12 December 2024
Public transportation organization in Montreal
Société de transport de Montréal | |
---|---|
Top: Lionel-Groulx station and STM logo. Prior to 2002, it was referred to as STCUM.
Second row: Honoré-Beaugrand station, a 1996 NovaBus LFS "167 Le Casino" leaving the Montreal Biosphère and heading to the Casino de Montréal. Third row: Georges-Vanier station, Berri–UQAM station. Bottom: Montreal's first two mayors, Jacques Viger and Peter McGill, in stained glass in the McGill Station of the Montreal Metro. | |
Overview | |
Locale | Agglomeration of Montreal |
Transit type | Bus, metro, Taxibus, paratransit |
Number of lines | 212 bus routes + 23 night routes, 4 subway lines |
Number of stations | 68 (5 under construction) |
Daily ridership | 1,695,900 (weekdays, Q3 2024) |
Chief executive | Marie-Claude Léonard |
Headquarters | 800, rue de la Gauchetiere Ouest Montreal, Quebec H5A 1J6 |
Website | stm.info |
Operation | |
Began operation | 1951 (as CTM) 1970 (as CTCUM) 1985 (as STCUM) 2002 (as STM) |
The Société de transport de Montréal (French pronunciation: [sɔsjete də tʁɑ̃spɔʁ də mɔ̃ʁeal], STM; lit. 'Montreal Transit Corporation') is a public transport agency that operates transit bus and rapid transit services in the urban agglomeration of Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Established in 1861 as the "Montreal City Passenger Railway Company", it has grown to comprise four subway lines with a total of 68 stations, as well as 212 bus routes and 23 night routes. The STM was created in 2002 to replace the Société de transport de la communauté urbaine de Montréal (STCUM; lit. 'Montreal Urban Community Transit Corporation'). The STM operates the most heavily used urban mass transit system in Canada, and one of the most heavily used rapid transit systems in North America. As of 2019, the average daily ridership is 2,297,600 passengers: 977,400 by bus, 1,306,500 by rapid transit and 13,700 by paratransit service.
History
Several other public transport companies existed prior to the creation of the STM. From 1861 to 1886, the Montreal City Passenger Railway Company operated a small network of horse-drawn trams (also called streetcars in North America).
In 1886, the company changed its name to the Montreal Street Railway Company. The first electric tram appeared in 1892 and was nicknamed "the Rocket". The company underwent another name change in 1893: MSTR became the MTR for Montreal Island Beltline Railway. A year later, the network was fully electrified and in 1894, the last horse-drawn tram was taken out of service. From 1910 to 1911, the company was named Montreal Public Service Corporation before changing again to Montreal Tramways Company.
Although they were put into service in 1919, buses only began to be widely used starting in 1925, with the creation of several regular lines. Then in 1937, the first trolley buses were used. In 1939, the company had 929 trams, 224 buses and 7 trolley buses, serving about 200 million passengers per year. The replacement of tram lines by buses began in 1951, when a law was passed by the provincial government that transferred the overall management of transport in Montreal to a public organization, the Commission de transport de Montréal (CTM). The last tram was withdrawn from service in 1959.
The Montreal Metro was inaugurated in 1966 and the same year saw the end of trolley bus service.
The CTM became the Commission de transport de la communauté urbaine de Montréal (CTCUM) in January 1970, and in 1985, rebranded itself again, becoming the Société de Transport de la Communauté Urbaine de Montréal (STCUM). Commuter trains ceased to be the managed by the STCUM in 1996 and responsibility for this service was transferred to the newly created Agence métropolitaine de transport.
It was not until January 1, 2002, at the time of the merger of Montreal with other municipalities on the Island of Montreal, that the Société de transport de Montreal was created, taking the place of the STCUM.
Name | Abbreviation | Start date | Finish date | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|
Société de transport de la communauté urbaine de Montréal | STCUM | June 20, 1985 | December 31, 2001 | Dissolution of the Montreal Urban Community |
Commission de transport de la communauté urbaine de Montréal | CTCUM | January 1, 1970 | June 19, 1985 | Creation of the Montreal Urban Community |
Commission de transport de Montréal | CTM | June 16, 1951 | December 31, 1969 | Municipal corporation formed to take over assets of MTC |
Montreal Tramways Company | MTC | March 24, 1911 | June 15, 1951 | New privately held corporation from merger from MSR, MPIR, and Montreal Terminal Railway Company |
Montreal Street Railway Company | MSR | June 21, 1886 | March 23, 1911 | New name for MCPR |
Montreal Park and Island Railway | MPIR | December 27, 1893 | March 23, 1911 | Privately held corporation; controlling interest acquired by MSR in 1901; merged into MTCo in 1911. |
Montreal City Passenger Railway Company | MCPR | May 18, 1861 | June 20, 1886 | Privately held corporation; horse-drawn street railway service began November 27, 1861. |
Streetcars
Main article: Streetcars in MontrealFrom 1861 to 1959, Montreal had an extensive streetcar system. The streetcar network had its beginnings with the horsecar era of the Montreal City Passenger Railway in 1861. That private company would become the Montreal Street Railway in 1886 and the Montreal Tramways Company in 1911. The assets of the company were taken over by the city-owned Montreal Transportation Commission in 1951.
Regional transit service
The STM was formerly involved in the operation of regional transit services. The first such service was a set of bus routes inherited from the October 1980 expropriation of a private bus company called Metropolitan Provincial (1967) Inc. These regional bus routes operated from downtown Montreal to the western part of the Island of Montreal, as well as to off-island points located west, southwest, and northeast of the Island of Montreal. By the end of 1985, the STM (then known by the initials CTCUM) had exited the regional bus business to focus on its core territory (the Island of Montreal). Most of the regional bus routes were passed to private operators who provided services under contract to newly formed intermunicipal transit councils.
The second regional service involved the management of two commuter train lines. On July 1, 1982, the CTCUM and the Canadian National Railway (CN) entered into an agreement to integrate the Montreal-Deux Montagnes commuter train line into the regular CTCUM bus and Metro network. The CTCUM paid CN to staff, run, and maintain the trains, while it set the fares and schedules. Passengers travelling within the CTCUM operating territory were able to transfer between the trains and the bus or Metro, no fare supplement was required to make a bus/Metro to train transfer . On October 1, 1982, a similar agreement with the Canadian Pacific Railway (CP) went into effect, and CP's Montreal-Rigaud commuter train line was integrated into the CTCUM network.
On January 1, 1996, responsibility for the commuter trains was transferred to the Agence métropolitaine de transport (AMT) (now RTM), a Quebec provincial government agency formed to coordinate all public transportation in the metropolitan Montreal region.
Services
Fares
Main article: Autorité régionale de transport métropolitain § Fare structureFares for bus and Metro services offered by the STM fall within the fare structure of the Autorité régionale de transport métropolitain (ARTM). The STM operates in Zone A, with the exception of Metro stations in Laval and Longueuil, which fall in Zone B. Passengers leaving the island of Montreal are expected to keep proof of payment of a paid fare that covers zones A and B.
Beyond standard ARTM fares, the STM area has the following particularities:
- Bus line 747 YUL–Montreal–Trudeau Airport has a special price of CA$11 that operates like a 24-hour all-modes Zone A. Other time-based all-modes fares (such as a monthly pass) are also accepted on this line.
- Residents of the Agglomeration of Montreal (coterminal with Zone A) aged 65 or older are entitled to a "Free 65+ All Modes A fare".
As of February 2022, the STM no longer accepts cash at Metro stations (cash is only accepted for bus fares); only debit and credit cards can be used to purchase tickets. Children between 6 and 17 years old, students 18 and over and seniors aged 65 and over have access to reduced fares.
Tickets and cash fares allow an unlimited number of uninterrupted transfers in a given direction for up to 120 minutes. Tickets and passes are validated at entry in the front of the bus or in the Metro. Certain articulated buses allow rear entry with validators at the back of the vehicle.
Opus
Main article: Opus cardOn April 21, 2008, the STM unveiled the contactless smart card called Opus (a word that phonetically includes the French word puce, which is the generic French word for the chip used in any type smart card) as a means of fare payment. In preparation for this new step in Montreal's public transportation network, turnstiles which incorporate the reader and automated vending machines had already been installed in Metro stations; buses had previously been fitted with new fare boxes that incorporated the card reader in order to ensure the uniformity of methods of payment across Montreal's transit network and that of its suburbs.
Costs to the STM related to the project were approximately CA$138 million, compared to the original estimated cost of some $100 million. The project was originally supposed to be implemented in 2006. In 2019, the STM announced plans to introduce improved Opus card readers on buses beginning in 2020 in order to enable all-door boarding and debit card payment.
Schedules and route information
Each stop on each route is assigned a number and some of these systems require a user to know the number.
In 2017 the STM introduced "iBus", a real-time GPS tracking system. It includes electronic signs inside buses showing the estimated time of arrival at upcoming stops and the busiest bus stops have electronic signs showing the estimated time of arrival of the next bus.
All 68 Metro stations are equipped with the MétroVision information screens which displays advertising, news headlines and weather information from MétéoMédia, as well as STM-specific information regarding service changes, service delays and information pertaining to using the system.
Accessibility
All 197 daytime bus routes and 23 night routes are wheelchair accessible. All Metro lines except the Yellow line are accessible to wheelchairs. As of June 2021, there are 17 stations with elevators installed: Angrignon, Côte-Vertu, Du Collège, Snowdon, Lionel-Groulx, Bonaventure, Place-d'Armes, Champ-de-Mars, Berri-UQAM (orange and green lines only), Rosemont, Jean-Talon, Henri-Bourassa, Cartier, De La Concorde, Montmorency, McGill, Place-Des-Arts, Prefontaine, Honoré-Beaugrand, Jean-Drapeau, Vendôme, Viau, Pie-IX . All of the elevators can be reached from street level.
Connections to other transit services
STM is connected to surrounding transit agencies such as:
- Société de transport de Laval (STL) — City of Laval
- Réseau de transport de Longueuil (RTL) — City of Longueuil
- Exo (EXO) — provides commuter rail service to Vaudreuil-Hudson, Deux-Montagnes, Saint-Jérôme, Mont Saint Hilaire, Candiac and Mascouche lines; as well as a number of commuter bus and transit lines which provide service to suburban and rural areas such as Châteauguay, Salaberry-de-Valleyfield, Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu, Saint-Hyacinthe, Sorel-Tracy, Repentigny, Terrebonne, and Saint-Jérôme.
- Via Rail — provides inter-city/inter-provincial passenger rail services throughout Canada.
- Amtrak — provides passenger rail services throughout United States.
Safety and security
Since the start of Metro service in 1966, the STM (and predecessors) has had its own transit enforcement unit.
Since 2021, the transit officers are sworn as Special Constables. They now be subject to the Police Act and, consequently, the authority of the Commissaire à la déontologie policière (police ethics commissioner).
In Quebec, special constables are peace officers. Their mission is to maintain peace, order and public security, to prevent and repress crime and, according to the jurisdiction specified in their deeds of appointment, to enforce the law and municipal by-laws, and to apprehend offenders.
The Service de police de la Ville de Montréal has a Unité métro (Metro Unit) that patrols Metro trains and stations as well. This unit has been in service since 2007.
Incidents
On May 10, 2012, smoke bombs were set off at Lionel-Groulx, Jean-Talon, Préfontaine, Fabre and Pie-IX stations, resulting in evacuations of the affected stations and a complete shutdown of the Metro for over two hours. The incident was not officially linked to the 2012 Quebec student strike.
In 2009, a woman was arrested, handcuffed, and searched by Laval Police Service (French: Service de police de Laval) officers for allegedly not holding an escalator handrail. Her case was rejected by both Quebec Superior Court and the Quebec Court of Appeal. In November 2018, the Supreme Court of Canada agreed to hear her appeal and in November 2019, ruled that her arrest and subsequent search were unlawful and had violated her rights. The court also awarded her $20,000 in damages.
Transit modes
Metro
Main article: Montreal MetroThe Montreal Metro rapid transit system was introduced in 1966 in preparation for the Canadian Centennial and Expo 67 World Fair in Montreal. Instead of traditional steel-wheeled trains, it is a rubber-tired metro, based on technology developed for the Paris Métro; Montreal's system was the first in the world to be entirely rubber-tired (as not all of Paris's lines use tires). The Metro system is Canada's busiest subway system in total daily passenger usage; in 2017, serving an average of 1,235,200 daily passengers on an average weekday; a figure which surpassed that of the Toronto subway and Vancouver SkyTrain. In 2016, 354 million riders (transfers not included) used the Metro.
Number | Colour | Termini |
---|---|---|
1 | Green | Honoré-Beaugrand – Angrignon |
2 | Orange | Montmorency – Côte-Vertu |
4 | Yellow | Berri-UQAM – Longueuil–Université-de-Sherbrooke |
5 | Blue | Saint-Michel – Snowdon |
Bus services
Main article: List of Société de transport de Montréal bus routesThe STM bus service operates well over 200 bus routes serving a number of different markets. These routes serve an average of 1,403,700 daily passengers each weekday.
- Local network routes, numbered 10–299, generally operate seven days per week, from 5:00 am to 1:00 am. Some routes offer decreased services on weekends and holidays. Within this classification, some routes operate only at peak hours Monday through Friday, and sometimes only in peak directions. The Navettes Or, numbered above 250, are specifically designed to serve the needs of senior citizens.
- All-night network routes, with route numbers from 300 to 399, generally operate from 1:00 am to 5:00 am, seven days per week, at a maximum headway of 45 minutes. Some routes offer increased service early on Saturday and Sunday ("late" on Friday and Saturday).
- Express Network routes, numbered 400–499, are limited-stop routes. Some routes are classified as Metrobus, and Trainbus and are geared to deliver commuters to specific Metro and commuter train stations, although these designations are no longer in use. Most Express routes operate only at peak hours Monday through Friday, and sometimes only in peak directions.
- Shuttle Network routes, numbered 700–799, are special-purpose routes serving Canadiens hockey games, tourist areas like Old Montreal and La Ronde, as well as the 747 route running 24/7 between downtown and Montréal–Pierre Elliott Trudeau International Airport.
On August 30, 2010, the STM introduced the "10 Minutes Max" network. This network, overlaid on both the local and express networks described above, schedules buses at a maximum headway of 10 minutes, between 6 a.m. and 9 p.m., Monday to Friday, on 31 of the STM's busiest bus routes. A few routes support that maximum headway only in the customary peak direction mornings and afternoons, while some routes outside of the advertised network attain similarly short headways but within shorter periods. However, on January 6, 2023, the STM announced it planned to permanently end all "10 Minutes Max" routes due to budget cuts and constraints caused by the COVID-19 pandemic and a decline in ridership.
In the early 2010s, the STM announced a plan to convert its entire fleet of buses over to electric power by 2025. Beginning in 2012, all STM bus purchases will be either hybrids or electric. STM began to pilot the use of electric buses in 2014. From 2025, STM plans to only order electric buses, after extensive testing confirmed that buses could handle Montréal's cold winters.
Pie-IX BRT
Main article: Bus rapid transit in MontrealAfter an initial attempt in the 1990s, a bus rapid transit (BRT) line opened on Pie-IX Boulevard in November 2022. It uses dedicated lanes, has priority at intersections and has all-door boarding to increase capacity and improve reliability on the corridor.
Taxibus
The STM also operates ten taxibus lines where the creation of regular bus service is not feasible. Regular STM fares apply, except that no cash is accepted.
- Baie-d'Urfé, connecting to Baie-d'Urfé commuter railway station
- Stewart Hall, connecting to various locations in Pointe-Claire
- Île-des-Soeurs, connecting to Place du Commerce
- Lachine, connecting to Lachine commuter railway station
- L'Île-Bizard, connecting to bus route 407 Express Île-Bizard
- Norman, connecting Lachine's residential neighborhoods to the industrial area north of Highway 20
- Lachine Industrial Park, connecting to Dorval commuter railway station
- Phillips Avenue (Senneville), connecting to bus route 419 Express John Abbott
- Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Sainte-Marie district, connecting to Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue commuter railway station
- Senneville, connecting to Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue commuter railway station
- Montreal Technoparc, connecting to Sunnybrooke commuter railway station
Paratransit service
The Société de Transport de Montréal operates a paratransit service for people with mobility problems. The lack of subway accessibility is critical for people whose mobility needs cannot be accommodated by stairs. STM's adapted transit is a system based on reservation, meaning that there is no room for flexibility. All trips must be booked at least one day in advance. Service began in April 1980. In first quarter, 2011, 9,200 trips were made through this service daily.
Current vehicles
The STM operates over 2,000 buses in its fleet. In recent years, only one model has been used – the Nova Bus LF Series. As of 2020, the bus fleet comprises around 1,000 40 ft diesel buses, around 650 40 ft hybrid buses, and around 250 62 ft articulated buses.
Current Société de transport de Montréal vehicles | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Photo | Manufacturer | Years | Model | Remarks | Fleet numbers | Length |
Nova Bus | 2006–2009 | LFS | 26–001 to 26–086 27–001 to 27–030 27–501 to 27–536 28–001 to 28–132 29–001 to 29–071 |
12 m (40 ft) | ||
2009–2012 | LFS | 29–072 to 29–156 30–001 to 30–256 31–001 to 31–237 32–001 to 32–032 | ||||
2009–2013 | LFS-A | 29–801 to 29–858 30–801 to 30–882 31–801 to 31–862 32–801 to 32–810 33–801 to 33–845 |
18 m (60 ft) | |||
2016, 2019 | LFSe | 36–901 to 36–903 39–901 to 39–904 |
12 m (40 ft) | |||
2016–2022 | LFS HEV | 36–001 to 36–027 36–028 to 36–051 37–001 to 37–107 38–001 to 38–100 39–001 to 39–150 40–001 to 40–251 41–001 to 41–129 42–001 to 42–049 | ||||
BYD | 2019 | K7M | 39–701 to 39–704 | 9.1 m (30 ft) | ||
New Flyer | 2019–2020 | XE40 | 40–901 to 40–930 | 12 m (40 ft) | ||
On order (units) | ||||||
|
Infrastructure
Terminal
Most STM bus routes terminate at loops, side streets or Metro stations.
Regional terminals
- Terminus Angrignon
- Terminus Côte-Vertu
- Terminus Dorval
- Terminus Fairview
- Terminus Henri-Bourassa
- Terminus Honoré-Beaugrand
- Terminus Radisson
Other smaller STM loops/terminals include
- Terminus Anjou
- Terminus Atwater
- Terminus Jolicoeur
- Terminus Lafleur-Newman
- Terminus MacDonald
- Terminus Sherbrooke/Gouin
- Terminus Vendôme
- Terminus 100th Avenue
- Beaubien Loop
- Crémazie Loop
- Laurier Loop
- Rosemont Loop
- Villa Maria Loop
- Du College Loop
Facilities
STM buses are operated out of a number of garages located around the city. They are Anjou, Frontenac, LaSalle, Legendre, Mont-Royal, Stinson, St-Denis, St-Laurent and St-Michel for Paratransit. The surface routes are divided into several divisions. Individual divisions have a superintendent, an on-duty mobile supervisor, a communications centre, and a garage facility tasked with managing the division's vehicle fleet and routes.
Metro trains are stored in the four garages at Angrignon, Beaugrand, Montmorency and Saint-Charles and there are three maintenance facilities at Duvernay, Plateau d'Youville and Viau.
Stops and shelters
119 Rockland stopSTM bus shelterThere are 8,500 bus stops in the STM network. Each stop has a panel that indicates the number of routes that stops there, the type of service, if the bus goes to a Metro or train station and the bus stop code enabling one to obtain the schedule by telephone at 514-AUTO-BUS. The STM is in the process of changing all its bus stop panels to a new modern pole that displays the route numbers. The route number is color-coded for the type of service it offers, dark blue is for regular routes, green is for express, metrobus and R-bus routes, black for night routes and gold for senior shuttles. Advertising is provided by CBS. On November 8, 2010, the STM launched 3 prototypes of modern bus shelters to replace the old ones. They will run on a solar power system and lights in the shelter are to be controlled by motion sensor. Bus shelters at high-traffic intersections feature an interactive screen where people can use hand gestures to access weather, news and bus route information. Since the introduction of GPS in the fleet, the screen can also be used to track busses on the route.
See also
References
- "Everything about the STM". Archived from the original on June 10, 2013. Retrieved March 28, 2018.
- "Transit Ridership Report Third Quarter 2024" (PDF). American Public Transportation Association. November 20, 2024. Retrieved November 23, 2024.
- ^ Transit ridership report 2019 Q1 apta.com Retrieved August 3, 2023
- 100 ans de bus à Montréal (in French). 2019. p. 366. ISBN 978-2-9804700-1-1.
- "Company Timeline". Stm.info. Archived from the original on May 12, 2013. Retrieved April 11, 2013.
- Binns, Richard. Montreal's Electric Streetcars. Railfare.
- "Transit History of Montreal, Quebec". home.cc.umanitoba.ca. Retrieved March 28, 2018.
- "Former Canadian Pacific train station (Dorion station)". circuitvd.ca. Retrieved June 5, 2024.
- "Transit fares valid at STM entry points in Longueuil and Laval". Société de transport de Montréal. Retrieved August 14, 2024.
- "Transit fares for line 747 YUL Montreal-Trudeau Airport". Société de transport de Montréal. Retrieved August 14, 2024.
- "Free 65+". Société de transport de Montréal. Retrieved August 14, 2024.
- "STM to stop accepting cash at Metro station booths starting next year". CBC News. Retrieved August 14, 2024.
- "Fare schedule" (PDF). Société de transport de Montréal. Retrieved August 14, 2024.
- "Transfers". Société de transport de Montréal. Retrieved August 14, 2024.
- "Boarding bus via all doors". Société de transport de Montréal. Retrieved August 14, 2024.
- "Transport adapté". Archived from the original on April 21, 2009.
- "New card readers". Société de transport de Montréal. Retrieved May 31, 2020.
- "With iBus, transit riders will have real-time tracking". Archived from the original on September 26, 2011. Retrieved August 13, 2011.
- "Beyond the Work Sites Is Tomorrow's Network". Archived from the original on May 27, 2013. Retrieved February 24, 2013.
- "Elevator access to the métro". Retrieved May 18, 2018.
- "AMT bus connections". Archived from the original on October 5, 2006. Retrieved September 24, 2006.
- "Special constables". www.stm.info.
- "STM presents first unit of special constables". www.stm.info. July 2021.
- "- Police Act". www.legisquebec.gouv.qc.ca. Retrieved February 23, 2023.
- "Montréal metro". Service de police de la Ville de Montréal. Archived from the original on April 6, 2008. Retrieved April 1, 2013.
- "Montreal Metro Shutdown". Retrieved March 28, 2018.
- Beatson, Jesse (November 21, 2018). "SCC to Hear Woman Arrested for Not Holding a Handrail". TheCourt.ca. Retrieved February 1, 2021.
- Imrie, Alison (December 9, 2019). "SCC Allows Appeal in Escalator Handrail Case". TheCourt.ca. Retrieved February 1, 2021.
- "Supreme Court awards $20K to woman fined for refusing to hold escalator handrail". CBC News. Retrieved February 1, 2021.
- ^ "2017 Q1 American Public transportation Association Ridership Report" (PDF). American Public Transportation Association. June 6, 2017. Retrieved October 27, 2017.
- "Un bus toutes les 10 minutes, au maximum". Radio-canada.ca. August 25, 2010.
- "STM permanently ends '10 Minutes Max' service on remaining bus routes". Montreal. January 6, 2023. Retrieved January 25, 2023.
- "The STM has no alternative but to abandon its plan for acquiring mid-size electric buses". Société de transport de Montréal. November 5, 2013. Retrieved September 20, 2022.
As outlined in its 2020 Strategic Plan, the STM intends to procure electric vehicles only as of 2025
- Eric Loveday. "Montreal's 1,300-plus bus fleet going all electric by 2025". Green.autoblog.com. Retrieved January 2, 2012.
- ^ "Electric bus". Société de transport de Montréal. Retrieved September 20, 2022.
- "Long-range electric bus passes winter conditions test!". Société de transport de Montréal. Retrieved September 20, 2022.
- "Integrated PIE-IX BRT Project". Société de transport de Montréal. Retrieved August 26, 2022.
- "Shared taxibus". Société de transport de Montréal. Retrieved August 3, 2023.
- ^ "Rapport annuel 2020". Société de transport de Montréal (in French). Retrieved September 20, 2022.
Le parc de bus est composé de 1 024 APS réguliers (15 climatisés). 660 hybrides (645 climatisés). 257 articulés (2 climatisés). 7 électriques climatisés, 86 minibus (TA) et 16 minibus urbains.
- "Bike + Bus = Partners in Road Safety". Archived from the original on June 22, 2013. Retrieved March 28, 2018.
- Rapport de développement durable 2018 stm.info (in French) Retrieved August 3, 2023
- Larocque, Sylvain (August 11, 2018). "La STM opte pour des bus électriques chinois". Le Journal de Montréal. Retrieved August 3, 2023.
- PELLETIER, GUILLAUME (October 4, 2019). "Montréal et Longueuil: des bus de Chine livrés en retard". Journal de Montreal. Retrieved November 22, 2019.
We are facing unexpected delays from the supplier and a delivery in December 2019 is now targeted by BYD
- "Long-range electric bus arrives in Montréal | Société de transport de Montréal". Stm.info. Retrieved March 23, 2022.
- ^ "La STM reçoit son premier autobus électrique à grande autonomie | 24 heures". Retrieved August 3, 2023.
- Programme des immobilisations 2020–2029 stm.info (in French) Retrieved August 3, 2023
- "Digital transit shelters". Archived from the original on March 28, 2018. Retrieved March 28, 2018.
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