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The '''supralittoral zone''', also known as the '''splash zone''', '''spray zone''' or the '''supratidal zone''', is the area above the spring high ] line, on ] and ], that is regularly splashed, but not submerged by ocean water. Seawater penetrates these elevated areas only during storms with high tides.<ref name="Thurman et al.">Thurman et al., p. 512.</ref> {{Short description|Area above the spring high tide line that is regularly splashed, but not submerged by ocean water}}
The '''supralittoral zone''', also known as the '''splash zone''', '''spray zone''' or the '''supratidal zone''', sometimes also referred to as the '''white zone''', is the area above the spring high ] line, on ] and ], that is regularly splashed, but not submerged by ocean water. Seawater penetrates these elevated areas only during storms with high tides.<ref name="Thurman et al.">Thurman et al., p. 512.</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Marine biology; rocky shore; littoral; supralittoral; eulittoral; sublittoral; underwater cave|url=https://biophysics.sbg.ac.at/rovigno/rovigno3.htm|access-date=2021-01-11|website=biophysics.sbg.ac.at}}</ref>


Organisms here must cope also with exposure to air, fresh water from rain, cold, heat and ] by land animals and seabirds. At the top of this area, patches of dark ]s can appear as crusts on rocks. Some types of ], ] and detritus feeding ]a commonly inhabit the lower supralitoral.<ref name="Yip and Madl">Yip and Madl</ref> Organisms here must cope also with exposure to air, fresh water from rain, cold, heat and ] by land animals and seabirds. At the top of this area, patches of dark ]s can appear as crusts on rocks. Some types of ], ] and detritus feeding ]a commonly inhabit the lower supralittoral.<ref name="Yip and Madl">Yip and Madl</ref>


==See also== ==See also==
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==Notes== ==Notes==
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Latest revision as of 06:28, 13 March 2024

Area above the spring high tide line that is regularly splashed, but not submerged by ocean water

The supralittoral zone, also known as the splash zone, spray zone or the supratidal zone, sometimes also referred to as the white zone, is the area above the spring high tide line, on coastlines and estuaries, that is regularly splashed, but not submerged by ocean water. Seawater penetrates these elevated areas only during storms with high tides.

Organisms here must cope also with exposure to air, fresh water from rain, cold, heat and predation by land animals and seabirds. At the top of this area, patches of dark lichens can appear as crusts on rocks. Some types of periwinkles, Neritidae and detritus feeding Isopoda commonly inhabit the lower supralittoral.

See also

Notes

  1. Thurman et al., p. 512.
  2. "Marine biology; rocky shore; littoral; supralittoral; eulittoral; sublittoral; underwater cave". biophysics.sbg.ac.at. Retrieved 2021-01-11.
  3. Yip and Madl

References

  • Thurman H.V. and Trujillo A.P. 1993.Essentials of Oceanography.Upper Saddle River, NJ:Prentice Hall
  • Yip, Maricela and Madl, Pierre (1999) Littoral University of Salzburg.
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