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{{Short description|City and comune in Abruzzo, Italy}}
{{refimprove|date=October 2012}}
{{Infobox Italian comune {{Infobox Italian comune
| name = Teramo | name = Teramo
| native_name = {{native name|nap|Tèreme}}
| official_name = Comune di Teramo
| native_name = | official_name = Città di Teramo
| image_skyline = Te.jpg | image_skyline = PalazzoCastelli.jpg
| imagesize = | image_caption = Palazzo Castelli.
| image_alt = | image_shield =Teramo-Stemma.svg
| image_caption = Teramo | image_map =
| coordinates = {{coord|42.659109|13.702167|display=inline}}
| image_shield = Teramo-Stemma.png
| pushpin_label_position =
| shield_alt =
| image_map = Map of comune of Teramo (province of Teramo, region Abruzzo, Italy).svg
| map_alt =
| map_caption = Teramo within the province
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| latd = 42 |latm = 40 |lats = |latNS = N
| longd = 13 |longm = 42 |longs = |longEW = E
| coordinates_type =
| coordinates_display =
| coordinates_footnotes =
| region = ] | region = ]
| province = ] (TE) | province = ] (TE)
| frazioni = See ] | frazioni = See ]
| mayor_party = | mayor =Gianguido D'Alberto
| mayor = Maurizio Brucchi (since June, 2009) | mayor_party =
| elevation_footnotes =
| area_footnotes =
| area_total_km2 = 151.88
| population_footnotes =
| population_total = 55106
| population_as_of = 30 April 2009
| pop_density_footnotes =
| population_demonym = Teramani
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 265 | elevation_m = 265
| twin1 = | area_footnotes =
| twin1_country = | area_total_km2 = 152.84
| population_footnotes =
| saint = ]
| population_as_of = January 1, 2023<ref>{{cite web |last1=Citypopulation |title=Abruzzo Region |url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/italy/cities/abruzzo/}}</ref>
| population_total = 51548
| pop_density_footnotes =
| population_demonym = Teramani
|telephone=|postalcode=64100|istat=| saint = ]
| day = December 19 | day = December 19
| website = {{official website|http://www.comune.teramo.it}}
| footnotes =
| imagesize =
| image_alt =
|image_flag=Flag of Teramo.svg| shield_alt =
| map_alt =
| map_caption =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| coordinates_footnotes =
| twin1 =
| twin1_country =
| postal_code = 64100 | postal_code = 64100
| area_code = 0861 | area_code = 0861
| website = {{Official website|http://www.comune.teramo.it}}
| footnotes =
}} }}


'''Teramo''' {{audio|It-Teramo.ogg|<small>listen</small>}} ({{lang-lat|Interamnia}}) is a city and '']'' in the central ] region of ], the capital of the ]. '''Teramo''' ({{IPA|it|ˈtɛːramo|-|It-Teramo.ogg}}; {{langx|nap|label=]|Tèreme}} {{IPA-nap|ˈtɛːrəmə|}}) is a city and '']'' in the ] region of ], the capital of the ].


The city, {{convert|150|km|mi}} from ], is situated between the highest mountains of the ] (]) and the ]. It is indeed one of the few places where it is possible to reach, both the sunny beaches of the ] and the {{convert|3000|m|ft}} covered by snow ] peaks, in less than half an hour from the city centre. The town is by the confluence of the Vezzola and ] rivers. The city, {{convert|150|km|0|abbr=off}} from ], is situated between the highest mountains of the ] (]) and the ]. The town is located by the confluence of the Vezzola and ] rivers, on a hillside area where the terrain features along with the ] make the territory rich in vineyards and olive groves.


The economy of the town is mostly based on activities connected with agriculture and commerce, as well as a sound industrial sector: textiles, foods, engineering, building materials and ceramics. Teramo can easily be reached from the A14 ] and in one and a half hours by car from ] via the A24 autostrada. The economy of the town is mostly based on activities connected with agriculture and commerce, as well as a sound industrial sector: textiles, foods, engineering, building materials and ceramics. Teramo can be reached from the A14 and the A24 motorways.


== History == ==Climate==
The climate in the region is described as fresh-temperate. During the coolest month, which is January, temperatures average around {{convert|5.5|°C|1|abbr=on}}. On the other hand, during the warmest month, July, temperatures average around {{convert|24|°C|0|abbr=on}}. In winter, the region experiences significant snowfall, as observed in 2005. Precipitation is not frequent and is mainly concentrated in late spring. Summers in the area are characterised by days of relatively high temperatures.


{{Weather box|width=auto
=== The name ===
|metric first=y
] (]: {{lang|grc|Ἰντέραμνα}}: ] Interamnas, Interamnātis), was the name of several cities in different parts of Italy. Its etymology, already pointed out by ] and ], indicates their position at the confluence of two streams.<ref>"inter amnes", Varro ''L. L.'' v.28, Fest. ''v.'' Amnes, p. 17, Müll.</ref> The form "Interamnium" (Greek: {{lang|grc|Ἰντεράμνιον}}), and the ethnic form Interamnis, are also found, but more rarely. The name referred to the two rivers Vezzola and Tordino, between which it lies.
|single line=y
|collapsed = Y
|location = Teramo, elevation {{convert|300|m|ft|abbr=on}}, (1991–2014)
|Jan record high C = 22.2
|Feb record high C = 22.2
|Mar record high C = 26.4
|Apr record high C = 28.4
|May record high C = 34.5
|Jun record high C = 38.8
|Jul record high C = 40.2
|Aug record high C = 40.5
|Sep record high C = 38.2
|Oct record high C = 31.0
|Nov record high C = 25.7
|Dec record high C = 24.5
|Jan record low C = -10.1
|Feb record low C = -11.9
|Mar record low C = -7.1
|Apr record low C = -2.8
|May record low C = -0.2
|Jun record low C = 5.8
|Jul record low C = 9.2
|Aug record low C = 8.2
|Sep record low C = 5.2
|Oct record low C = 0.9
|Nov record low C = -5.4
|Dec record low C = -7.0
|Jan high C = 10.8
|Feb high C = 11.4
|Mar high C = 14.9
|Apr high C = 18.1
|May high C = 22.9
|Jun high C = 27.1
|Jul high C = 29.7
|Aug high C = 30.2
|Sep high C = 25.3
|Oct high C = 20.8
|Nov high C = 15.6
|Dec high C = 11.7
| year high C =
|Jan mean C = 6.8
|Feb mean C = 7.1
|Mar mean C = 10.1
|Apr mean C = 13.1
|May mean C = 17.7
|Jun mean C = 21.2
|Jul mean C = 23.7
|Aug mean C = 24.2
|Sep mean C = 19.9
|Oct mean C = 16.1
|Nov mean C = 11.4
|Dec mean C = 7.7
| year mean C =
|Jan low C = 2.7
|Feb low C = 2.7
|Mar low C = 5.4
|Apr low C = 8.2
|May low C = 12.4
|Jun low C = 15.3
|Jul low C = 17.7
|Aug low C = 18.1
|Sep low C = 14.5
|Oct low C = 11.4
|Nov low C = 7.2
|Dec low C = 3.7
| year low C =
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation mm = 59.7
|Feb precipitation mm = 52.5
|Mar precipitation mm = 66.5
|Apr precipitation mm = 73.9
|May precipitation mm = 61.1
|Jun precipitation mm = 60.3
|Jul precipitation mm = 50.0
|Aug precipitation mm = 53.2
|Sep precipitation mm = 64.2
|Oct precipitation mm = 77.3
|Nov precipitation mm = 83.9
|Dec precipitation mm = 77.3
|year precipitation mm =
| Jan precipitation days = 6.6
| Feb precipitation days = 6.6
| Mar precipitation days = 7.7
| Apr precipitation days = 8.0
| May precipitation days = 7.6
| Jun precipitation days = 6.8
| Jul precipitation days = 5.4
| Aug precipitation days = 5.4
| Sep precipitation days = 6.1
| Oct precipitation days = 7.2
| Nov precipitation days = 8.3
| Dec precipitation days = 8.7
| year precipitation days =
| source 1 = Climi e viaggi<ref name=Clim>{{cite web
| url = https://www.climieviaggi.it/clima/italia/teramo
| title = Clima - Teramo (Abruzzo)
| publisher= Climi e viaggi
| access-date = 28 November 2024}}</ref>
| source 2 = Regione Abruzzo (preciptiation 1951–2000)<ref name=Clim2>{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20240630102234/https://www.regione.abruzzo.it/system/files/agricoltura/agrometereologia/VALORI_MEDI_CLIMATICI_NELLA_REGIONE_ABRUZZO.pdf
| archive-date = 30 June 2024
| url = https://www.regione.abruzzo.it/system/files/agricoltura/agrometereologia/VALORI_MEDI_CLIMATICI_NELLA_REGIONE_ABRUZZO.pdf
| title = VALORI MEDI CLIMATICI DAL 1951 AL 2000 NELLA REGIONE ABRUZZO
| publisher= Regione Abruzzo
| access-date = 30 June 2024}}</ref>
}}


== Name ==
The name is already corrupted in extant manuscripts of the ''Liber Coloniarum'' into '''Teramne''', whence its modern form of Teramo. But in the Middle Ages it appears to have been known also by the name of '''Aprutium''', supposed to be a corruption of '''Praetutium''', or rather of the name of the people ], applied (as was so often the case in ]) to their chief city. Thus the name ''Abrutium'' is present among the cities of ] enumerated by the ''Geographer of Ravenna'' (iv. 31); and under the ] a ''comes Aprutii'' is mentioned. The name has been retained in that of ], now a region of Italy.


'''Interamna''' (]: {{lang|grc|Ἰντέραμνα}}: ] Interamnas, Interamnātis) was the name of several cities in different parts of Italy. Its etymology, already pointed out by ] and ], indicates their position at the confluence of two streams.<ref>"inter amnes", Varro ''L. L.'' v.28, Fest. ''v.'' Amnes, p. 17, Müll.</ref> The form "Interamnium" (Greek: {{lang|grc|Ἰντεράμνιον}}), and the ethnic form Interamnis are also found, but more rarely. The name referred to the two rivers Vezzola and Tordino, between which it lies.
===Pre Roman age: From 7th to 5th century BC===
Teramo has very ancient origins. The settlement of the 1st BC millennium along with some buildings of the Ancient people of ] were the object of very recent archaeological excavations. The most ancient historical remains were found in the outskirts of the city, precisely, in the neighborhood Madonna della Cona, where, among many, a burial place with a dagger and a halberd were found. Allegedly, the development of the of the old settlement was due to the commercial center founded by the ] and ]n civilization.


The name is already defined in extant manuscripts of the ''Liber Coloniarum'' into '''Teramne''', whence its modern form of Teramo. But in the ] it appears to have been known also by the name of '''Aprutium''', supposed to be a corruption of '''Praetutium''', or rather of the name of the people ], applied (as was so often the case in ]) to their chief city. Thus the name ''Abrutium'' is present among the cities of ] enumerated by the ''Geographer of Ravenna'' (iv. 31); and under the ] a ''comes Aprutii'' is mentioned. The name has been retained in that of ], now a region of Italy.
===The Praetutii (The ancient people of Teramo)===


== History ==
According to the Roman author ], the ancient Perut or Pretut (hill surrounded by waters) strongly developed in dimensions and importance until it became the capital of Praetutium and ] where the ] people lived.
===Pre Roman Age===
A settlement of the 1st millennium BC and some buildings of ancient ] were the object of archaeological excavations. The most ancient historical remains were found in the outskirts of the city, precisely in the neighborhood Madonna delle grazie, where, among many, a burial place with a dagger and a halberd were found. Allegedly, the development of the old settlement was due to the commercial center founded by the ] civilization.

According to the Roman author ], the ancient Perut or Pretut (meaning "Hill surrounded by waters") strongly developed in dimensions and importance until it became the capital of the ] tribe.


===Roman age === ===Roman age ===
]]] ]
]


*295 BC, In the ], the ] defy the Italian confederation (Sabellians, Etrusci, Umbri and their allies ]). With this battle the ] begin. In the ] (295 BC), the ] defied the Italian confederation (Sabellians, Etrusci, Umbri and their allies the ]), starting the ]. In 290 BC, the Sabine area, along with the ]’s region was occupied by the legions sent by the consul ]. The city took the Latin name of '''Interamnia Praetuttiorum''' or '''Interamnia Praetutia''' ("City of the Praetutii between two rivers"). During the reign of ] Interamnia is included in the Picenum district. The area of the current province was divided from south to north into the Ager Hatrianus, Ager Praetutianus and Ager Palmense.
*290 BC, The Sabine area along with the ]’s region is occupied by the legions sent by the consul general ].
The city takes its latin name of '''Interamnia Preatuttorium ''' (City of the Preaetutii between two rivers) allegedly simple translation of the toponym “Petrut”. During the Age of ] Intermania is included in the fifth district: The Picenum (the VI district was ] and the IV was Samnium). The area of the current province is divided from south to north in Ager Hatrianus, Ager Praetutianus and Ager Palmense.
During this period Interamnia is:
*Conciliabulum: Place of meeting and market
*Praefectura iure dicundo
*Municipium, after the 2nd social war
*]'s colony. In this period the city loses the status of Municipium because of the participation of ] in the ] (91-88 BC), but the city will subsequently regain it for expressed will of ].
*During the Roman age, thanks to its nearness to the capital of the empire, the city lives a very prosperous and favorable moment as the numerous mosaics, theater, thermal baths and the amphitheater remains evidence. As historians like ], ] and ] remember, the city reached its best period under the emperor ], with the constructions of the temples dedicated to ] and ].


After the ], Interamnia became a municipium. The city lost the status of Municipium because of the participation of ] in the ] (91–88 BC), but the city will subsequently regain it for expressed will of ].
===The Goths and the Byzantines===


During the Roman age, thanks to its nearness to the capital of the empire, the city lived a prosperous and favorable moment as proven by the numerous mosaics, theater, thermal baths and the amphitheater remains. As historians like ], ] and ] remember, the city reached its best period under the emperor ], with the constructions of the temples dedicated to ] and ].
A first destruction of the city in the year 410 by the ] under ] is testified. Even though the information about this age is very uncertain, it is said that the presence of the ] in Interamnia is active until 552-554 A.d. Right after the ], the city is a possession of the ] empire. Teramo is then anew included in the Marchia Firmana, under the Greek Exarchate of ]. The city is now governed by a count of the Marchia Firmana.


===12th century=== ===Middle Ages===
Little is known about Teramo in the early Middle Ages, after first destruction of the city in the year 410 by the ] under ]. The ] ruled Interamnia 552–554 AD. Right after the ], the city became a ] possession. Teramo was included in the ], part of the ]. Later it was a ] fief and part of the ].


In 1129, the city was conquered by the ], as part of the ]. In 1140, it became a possession of ], the first ]. During the strife following Roger's coronation, Teramo was destroyed by a Norman force under ]. Only the tower of Piazza Sant’Anna was saved from this sack; from this moment on it will be called Torre Bruciata (burnt tower). In 1268, the domination of the ], who had inherited Sicily from Roger II's line, ended; they were replaced by the ].
*1129, After the ]’ invasion in ], the city becomes territory of the ] settled in the duchy of ].
*1140, Teramo is possession of ], the first king of the ].
*1153, A not well-identified subject called Teodin, helps build the church and the cloister of Sant’Angelo delle Donne; subsequently it will take the name of Madonna Delle Grazie.
*Teramo is destroyed by the Norman army of Robert di Loretillo. Only the tower of Piazza Sant’Anna was saved from this sack; from this moment on it will be called Torre Bruciata (burnt tower).
*1176, The Romanesque construction of the ] is completed.


The ecclesiastical authority of the Aprutina Diocese, led by the bishops Rainaldo Acquaviva, Niccolò degli Arcioni (1317), Stefano da Teramo (1335) and Pietro di Valle (1366) boosted the city's economy, as witnessed by the construction of castles, churches, cloisters and palaces along with the great privileges granted by the sovereigns. Within the following two centuries Teramo became part of the ].
===13th century "Age of Freedom"===
]]]
*1268, End of ] dominion and beginning of the one of the ].


===Renaissance and modern era ===
===14th century===
The 15th century saw the struggles between the most important families of the city (De Valle and Melatino). The exemplary hanging of 13 followers of Melatino's family is still remembered in a stone shield in the very center of the city. The monument represents two heads with their tongues out under the writing “A lo parlare agi mesura” (mind what you say).


During the first years of the century, the tyrant Antonello de Valle was assassinated; his castle, located in what is now ] Square, was demolished. The legend says that the belligerence between the families ended thanks to the women of the city who proclaimed a strike of affection. Despite the internal struggles, the city lived a very developed cultural period in the century. Artists like Jacobello del Fiore and ] were called to work in the city, which had commercial relationship with ] and ].
During the ] dominion, Teramo is subjected to a new period of majesty and prosperity: the ecclesiastical authority of the Aprutina Diocese, led by the bishops Rainaldo Acquaviva, Niccolò degli Arcioni (1317), Stefano da Teramo (1335) and Pietro di Valle (1366) gives new life to the city. This is witnessed by the construction of beautiful castles, churches, cloisters and palaces along with the great privilege granted by the sovereigns. The city changes its architectural face, both in the old district and the new. It turns into a frontier city and in the very sense of the word, it is named Gate of the Reigns.


After the death of ], ] sold Teramo to the Duke of ] for 40,000 ducats. The people of Teramo rebelled, but with no result. In 1626 Teramo was struck by an earthquake, followed four years later by the plague. From 1707, after of the ], the ] rules the whole ] for 27 years. During the ] Teramo is an active centre of intellectual life, especially with ], a notable poet, composer and Italian philosopher. In 1798 French troops entered Teramo, and though they were initially repulsed by the citizens, they returned a few days later, sacking the whole city.
===15th century===
]
*Period defined by the struggles between the most important families of the city (De Valle and Melatino). The exemplary hanging of 13 followers of Melatino’s family is still remembered in a stone shield in the very center of the city. The monument represents two heads with their tongues out under the writing “A lo parlare agi mesura” (mind what you say).
*During the first years of the century, the tyrant Antonello de Valle is assassinated and therefore his beautiful castle, which was located in a square known nowadays as Piazza ], is demolished. The legend says that the belligerence between the families ended thanks to the women of the city who proclaimed a strike of affection. Despite the internal struggles, the city lives a very developed cultural period. Artists like Jacobello del Fiore and Nicola da Guardiagrele give pearls of beauty to the city and the commercial relationship with ] and ] turns Teramo into a cultural shrine.
*June 1442, The ] is a property of ], King of ].


In 1806, ] defeated the troops of ], and Teramo became a French possession until 1815, when it reverted to the ]. King ] visited the city in 1832, 1844 and 1847. In 1890, the Observatory of Collurania was founded.
===16th century===


===Contemporary age===
*1504, The kingdom of Naples passes to ], king of ]. This begins the Spanish dominion to ] and all of Southern Italy.
In 1925,the first Italian Psychoanalytic Society was founded in Teramo.
*After the death of ]{{dn|date=January 2013}}, ]{{dubious|date=December 2012}} is the new king, and Teramo is sold to the Duque of ] for 40.000 ducats. Because of this, the people of Teramo strongly rebel. It is indeed said that among the night from the 17th to the 18th of November 1521, the troops of the Duke who were surrounding the city fled scared by the vision of the ] with ] defending the city. The miracle of ], patron saint of the city was born.{{fact|date=December 2012}}


During ], on 25 June 1943, German troops arrived in Teramo and proceeded to Bosco Martese where they fought against the men of the ] movement. The episode is remembered as the "Battle of Bosco Martese".
===17th century===


In 1972, the first edition of ] was held.
*1626, Teramo is struck by an earthquake
*1630, A black ] spread from ] hits the city


The ] was founded in the city in 1993.
===18th century===


]
*1707, After of the ], the ] has the domain of the whole ] for 27 years.
*1744, German invasion and the beginning of a new movement based on the ] philosophy in Teramo. It is led by several intellectuals, among which outshines ], a notable poet, composer and Italian philosopher.
*1798, The French troops enter Teramo. Even though they are initially sacked by the citizens, they come back a few days later, ruthless destroying the whole city.

===19th century===
]]]
*March 15, 1806, ] defeats the troops of ]. Teramo is officially a French possession.
*1815, The city is once again, a possession of the ]
*1832, ] pays its first visit to the city
*1844, ] pays its second visit to the city
*1847, ] pays its third visit to the city
*1890, The Astronomy Observatory of Collurania is founded

===Modern age===
*1925, The first Italian Psychoanalytic Society is founded in Teramo.
*1934, The beautiful palace of Convitto Nazionale and Melchiorre Delfico library is completed and inaugurated in the square that will be entitled to ]
*1941, Foundation of Zoo Profillatico Sperimentale Institute
*June 25, 1943, The German troops arrive in Teramo and proceed to Bosco Martese where they fight against the men of ] movement of Teramo. The episode will be remembered as “Bosco Martese battle”
*1972, First edition of ] (still in progress)
*June 30, 1985, Official visit of ]
*1989, Teramo is nominated by ] “A city open to the world”
*June 1991, Cardinal, ] leads in the ] on a historic Congress called “Capitalism and Social Rights”
*1993 Official foundation of the ].
*September 15, 2005, Official visit of the ] ].
*November 22, 2008, Official visit of the ] ]
*April 2009, Even though the tremors are strongly felt in the city, Teramo is not damaged by ].
*December 16, 2009, The city and the province of Teramo sign a protocol of friendship and cooperation with the provincial council of ] in ].

==Geography==

===Climate===
The climate is fresh-temperate. In the coolest month (January) temperatures average {{convert|5.5|°C|0|abbr=on}}, and in the warmest month (July) they average {{convert|24|°C|0|abbr=on}}. In the winter time though they can experience copious amounts of snowfall, as in 2012. The precipitations are not frequent and mostly concentrated in late spring. The summers are characterized by days of somewhat intense heat.

{{Weather box
|metric_first=yes
|single_line=yes
|location = Teramo (2007)
|metric first = yes
|single line = yes
|Jan high C = 14
|Feb high C = 14
|Mar high C = 15
|Apr high C = 20
|May high C = 24
|Jun high C = 28
|Jul high C = 32
|Aug high C = 30
|Sep high C = 24
|Oct high C = 17
|Nov high C = 13
|Dec high C = 13
|Jan low C = 5
|Feb low C = 6
|Mar low C = 7
|Apr low C = 10
|May low C = 14
|Jun low C = 17
|Jul low C = 21
|Aug low C = 19
|Sep low C = 14
|Oct low C = 11
|Nov low C = 6
|Dec low C = 5
|Jan precipitation mm = 14
|Feb precipitation mm = 26
|Mar precipitation mm = 67
|Apr precipitation mm = 25
|May precipitation mm = 92
|Jun precipitation mm = 62
|Jul precipitation mm = 0
|Aug precipitation mm = 30
|Sep precipitation mm = 30
|Oct precipitation mm = 30
|Nov precipitation mm = 157
|Dec precipitation mm = 90
|source 1 = National Weather Service
|date=August 2010
}}

=== Neighborhoods ===
{{MultiCol}}
* ]
* ]
* ]
* ] (Madonna della Cona)
* ]
{{ColBreak}}
* ]
* ]
* ]
* ]
{{ColBreak}}
* ]
* ]
* ]
* ]
{{EndMultiCol}}

===''Frazioni'' ===
<!--DON'T CHANGE NAME OF THIS SECTION. IT'D HAMPER LINK IN THE INFOBOX!!-->
Cannelli, Caprafico, ], Castrogno, Cavuccio, Cerreto, Chiareto, Colle Caruno, Colleatterrato Alto, Colleminuccio, Colle Santa Maria, Forcella (located about 11 kilometers from Teramo and dominating the Vomano Valley, ], Galeotti, Garrano, ], Magnanella, Miano, ], ], Pantaneto, Poggio Cono, Piano D'Accio, Piano della Lenta, Poggio San Vittorino, Ponzano, Putignano, ], Rocciano, Rupo, Sardinara, Saccoccia, San Nicolò a Tordino (important industrial zone located along the axis joining Teramo to the sea), San Pietro ad Lacum, Sant'Atto, ], Sciusciano, Sorrenti, ], ], Tordinia, Turri, ], ], Varano, Villa Falchini, Villa Gesso, ], Villa Romita, Villa Stanghieri, Villa Taraschi, Villa Viola, ] (located in the Vomano valley and an important link to the autostrada).


== Main sights == == Main sights ==
The city's main attractions include:
]
*the ], built in 1158 by bishop Guido II, in Romanesque style. It has a portal in Gothic style, finished in 1332 by the Roman master Deodato di Cosma. It houses a silver ] by ] (with 35 scenes of the life of Jesus) and a ] by the Venetian artist Jacobello del Fiore depicting the Incoronation of the Virgin. Annexed is a {{convert|50|m|ft|0|abbr=off|adj=mid|-tall}} bell tower.
*the Romanesque church of Sant'Antonio (1127), with a decorated portal. The interior, with a single nave, was renovated along Baroque lines.
*the church of San Getulio, built in the early Middle Ages on the ruins of a Roman temple, finally destroyed in 1155 by the Normans. Only the presbyterium and some Romanesque elements of the original building remain today.
*the church of San Domenico (14th century) with a fine Virgin with Child.
*the sanctuary of the Madonna delle Grazie (also known as Chiesa di Santa Maria delle Grazie). It has a Romanesque cloister and a 15th-century miraculous wooden statue of the Virgin, attributed to Silvestro dell'Aquila.
*the Palazzo Vescovile ("Bishops Palace"), from the 14th century.
*the remains of the Roman theatre (built about 30 BC) and of the amphitheatre (about 3rd–4th century AD). Under Palazzo Savini are remains of a Roman ], including a 1st-century BC ] pavement which depicts a fighting lion and other decorative elements.
*the ''Torre Bruciata'' ("Burnt Tower"), a Roman tower from the 2nd century BC, in ]. The name derives from the traces left by the siege in 1156 by ].
*Church of ''Santa Maria de Praediis'' (10th–11th centuries), built using materials from the destroyed castle and Roman villas and temples.


===Roman Theatre=== == Demographics ==
{{Historical populations|1861|19961|1871|20639|1881|20844|1901|24972|1911|26174|1921|27275|1931|31790|1936|33796|1951|38643|1961|41899|1971|47804|1981|51092|1991|51756|2001|51023|2011|54294|2021|51849|footnote=Source: ]|cols=2|align=none}}
]
The Roman theatre was built in the early 2nd century under emperor ]. It is nearby the ]. The walls are {{convert|10|ft|2|abbr=on}} long and the estimated capacity was 3000 spectators. Over the centuries, the structure was mined for building materials. In 1918 its ruins were rediscovered, and in 2007, a project to rebuild the theater was planned, incurring in the demolition of Palazzo Adamoli in 2011. The poet ] said of this site that “The remains of the theatre of Interamnia proves its ancient Roman majesty”.


===Roman Amphitheater=== == Culture ==


An art exhibit, ''Maggio Festeggiante'', is held each May. The summer calendar includes the Teramo Literary Prize and the ], an international handball event. A week in October is also dedicated to an international photography of film show.
The {{convert|700|ft|2|abbr=on}} wide building was a Roman amphitheater. During ], the site was used as a fortress to protect the city.

===Duomo===
{{Main|Teramo Cathedral}}
]
Construction of the Basilica Cathedral of Santa Marria Assunta and ] began in 1158 under the bishop Guido II; it was built to house the relics of St Berardo da Pagliara. It was consecrated and completed in 1176. Most of the material used to build were ] from the theater and the amphitheater. The tower built in 11th and 12th centuries has three bells and it is {{convert|165|ft|2|abbr=on}} long. It houses the silver canopy of Nicola da Guardiagrele, built from 1433 to 1448. Since 2007, it is possible to visit the crypt of ], the patron saint of Teramo.

===Casa del Mutilato===
The “Church della Misericordia” was built after the ] of 1348, and was rebuilt in 1928, as a Casa del Mutilato. It contains a fresco by ] (15th century). In 1514, the queen ], visited to revere a crucifix said to contain a thorn from the crown of Christ.

===Mosaico del leone===
It is by far the symbol of the archeological history of Teramo. Found in 1891 during the construction of the grand Palazzo Savini, the mosaic underwent centuries of dampness. However, due to the impeccable work of restoration specialists it still is a perfect representation of the works of urban archeology. The value of the masterpiece proves that a long time ago the city had an important tradition and a real school for the masters of mosaic. Today it’s still possible to meet young craftsmen who are studying the art of mosaic according to the rules of the ancient ] masters.

===Convitto Nazionale===
]]]
Built in 1934 it was the first site for the faculty of Law in Teramo in 1817.

===Vescovato (Bishop's Palace)===
It was most likely erected in 1374 with columns of stones and travertine from ]. It still is the residence of the bishop and the main offices of the Aprutina administration. Ever year on the ] and the preceding night, the bishop leads an night-time procession. Legend that the ], wanders from church to church looking for her son. Although the procession leaves at 4am, the tradition attracts thousands to Teramo during Easter.

===Castello della Monica===

Don Gennaro Della Monica designed this neo-gothic castle for himself and his family in Piazza Garibaldi in the 19th century.

===Madonna delle Grazie===
]
The church stands "fuori porta" (outside of the Roman’s gates that surrounded the city); the church along with the inner cloister are open to the public.

===Sor Paolo===
Thought to be a statue of an Roman patrician, the citizens of Teramo call the statue Sor Paolo or rather ''Gnore Paule'' in dialect. In his left-hand people stuffed satires and letters of complaint about the city’s most powerful people. Nowaday they are mostly love letters or city Teramo teams flags.

===Antico Manicomio (Old Insane Asylum)===
It was once considered the biggest psychiatric hospital of central/southern Italy. The structure was erected first in 1323. ], an Italian psychiatrist active here, who corresponded with ], founded the Italian Psychoanalytic Society. The gate of the hospital has a sign reading: ''Here are the few perhaps not even the real ones''.

===Piazza Sant’Anna===

Square in the city with an old church. Recent remains found appear to belong to the old Torre Bruciata and to a Roman house of the 2nd century BC.

===Palazzo Castelli===
]
The ex Casa Muzii (named after the owner's last name) was built in 1908 in Corso Cerulli. It is an example of ] style.

== Culture ==
An art exhibit, ''Maggio Festeggiante'', is held each May, and the Teramo Literary Prize and the ], an international event with athletes coming from all over the world. A week in October is dedicated to an international photography of film show.


===University of Teramo === ===University of Teramo ===
]]]

The ] offers five faculties, 24 degree courses, 35 Masters, six postgraduate schools and 10 departments. The entire 50,000 sq m of the Coste ] Campus holds the faculties of ], ], and ].

===Museo Cívico d’Arte e Pinacoteca di Teramo===


The ] offers five faculties, 24 bachelor's degree courses, 35 master's, six postgraduate schools and 10 departments. The Coste Sant'Agostino Campus holds the faculties of ], ], and ]. The university is going through a period of internationalization by offering scholarships to students from all over of the world.
The archeological museum houses sculptures and ruins of the most ancient version of Teramo; from prehistory to the ] Age. The pinacoteca has a huge collection of canvas, paintings, and sculpture for permanent and stable collections.


===Osservatorio Collurania=== ===Osservatorio Collurania===
The Observatory of Teramo was founded by ] in 1890–1891, and donated to the Italian administration in 1891. Starting from 1994, the observatory owns an {{convert|80|cm|in|1|adj=mid|-diameter}} optical telescope.
It’s the clear proof of the possibility of being a scientist even far-away from the great houses of knowledge. It is a dream made reality from a Teramano of the 19th century. The astronomer Vincenzo Cerulli was able to look beyond what he had at his disposal. It was him, on the 2nd of October 1910, that discovered a new asteroid, to whom he gave the name of Interamnia. The Astronomical Observatory has a huge telescope and a wide collection of devices from the scientific instruments museum.

===Istituto Zooprofilattico sperimentale===

Founded September 2, 1941 the ““Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’] e del ] G. Caporale" (IZSAM) is one of the ten experimental zooprophylactic institutes in ]. Its job is to inspect animals' sanitary conditions, their health conditions, the origin of products, veterinarian vigilance, education, experimentation and scientific investigation, and the ambient care.


== Government == == Government ==
] ]
{{See also|List of mayors of Teramo}}
At the municipal level, the City of Teramo has a council made up of the mayor and councilmen that are elected every five years. In ] every citizen over 18 has the right to vote.


At the municipal level, the City of Teramo has a council made up of the mayor and councilmen that are elected every 5 years. in Italy every citizen over 18 has the right to vote.
The current Mayor Maurizio Brucchi was elected in June 2009, as the ex Mayor ] resigned to be proposed (and then elected) as a candidate of the ] region president.


==Twin towns — sister cities==
{| class="wikitable" border=1 cellpadding="3"
|- style="background:silver;"
! <center>'''Mayor'''
! <center>''' Party '''</center>
! <center>''' Year '''</center>
|- style="text-align:left;"
|| Gianni Chiodi
|| Al centro con Chiodi
|| 2004
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| Maurizio Brucchi
| style="text-align:left;"| ]
| style="text-align:left;"| 2009

|}

===International relations===
{{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in Italy}} {{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in Italy}}
Teramo is ] with:<ref>{{cite web |title=Useful info|url=https://www.discoverteramo.it/en/Location/Teramo/180-27-1.html#tab_c04|website=Discover Teramo |publisher=Consorzio B.I.M. Teramo |access-date=2019-12-22}}</ref>

{{div col|colwidth=25em}}
===Twin towns — sister cities===
*{{flagicon|MNE}} ], Montenegro, since 1982
{{Unreferenced section|date=July 2011}}
*{{flagicon|GER}} ], Germany, since 1986
Teramo is ] with:
*{{flagicon|ISR}} ], Israel, since 1988

*{{flagicon|CZE}} ], Czech Republic, since 2005
* {{flagicon|Brazil}} ], ], since 2005 <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ribeiraopreto.sp.gov.br/ccs/snoticias/i33frame.php?pagina=/ccs/noticias/0509/09/I33e-provincia.htm |title=Ribeirão Preto - Coordenadoria de Comunicação Social |publisher=Ribeiraopreto.sp.gov.br |date= |accessdate=2013-03-12}}</ref>
*{{flagicon|BRA}} ], Brazil, since 2005
* {{flagicon|Czech Republic}} ], ] <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.praha7.cz/5513_The-visit-from-Teramo-in-Prague-7 |title=MC Praha 7: The visit from Teramo in Prague 7 |publisher=Praha7.cz |date=2007-05-16 |accessdate=2013-03-12}}</ref>
*{{flagicon|POL}} ], Poland, since 2007
* {{flagicon|Cyprus}} ], ] <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ucm.org.cy/Municipality-STROVOLOS,65,English |title=Union of Cyprus Municipalities |publisher=Ucm.org.cy |date= |accessdate=2013-03-12}}</ref>
*{{flagicon|ESP}} ], Spain, since 2010
* {{flagicon|Germany}} ], ] <ref>{{cite web|author=Germany |url=http://en.db-city.com/Germany--Bavaria--Memmingen--Memmingen |title=Memmingen, Memmingen, Bavaria, Germany - City, Town and Village of the world |publisher=En.db-city.com |date=2012-01-17 |accessdate=2013-03-12}}</ref>
*{{flagicon|CYP}} ], Cyprus, since 2010
* {{flagicon|Israel}} ], ] <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rishonlezion.muni.il/eng/Pages/ForeignRelations.aspx |title=עיריית ראשון לציון - Foreign Relations |publisher=Rishonlezion.muni.il |date= |accessdate=2013-03-12}}</ref>
*{{flagicon|CYP}} ], Cyprus, since 2011
* {{flagicon|Montenegro}} ], ] <ref>{{cite web|author=Montenegro |url=http://en.db-city.com/Montenegro--Berane |title=Berane, Montenegro - City, Town and Village of the world |publisher=En.db-city.com |date= |accessdate=2013-03-12}}</ref>
{{div col end}}
* {{flagicon|Poland}} ], ], since 2007.<ref>http://egorzow.pl/aktualnosci/Wspołpraca-Gorzowa-z-włoskim-miastem-Teramo-zacieśniona_10224.html</ref>


== Notable people == == Notable people ==
Line 328: Line 261:
* ], (1744–1835), ] philosopher * ], (1744–1835), ] philosopher
* ], (1825–1895), ] * ], (1825–1895), ]
* ], (1847–1927), author
* ] (1859–1927), astronomer * ] (1859–1927), astronomer
* ], (1945–1997), singer-songwriter * ], (1945–1997), singer-songwriter
* ] (1930-now), europolitician * ] (1930–2016), politician
* ], (1838–1861), also known as ]. Patron saint of Abruzzo * ], (1838–1861), also known as ]. Patron saint of Abruzzo
* ], (1897–1956) underworld boss
* ], (1969–present), a former ] player * ], (1969–present), a former ] player
* ], (1979–present), Basketball player * ], (1979–present), Basketball player
* ], (1920–1966), cinematographer * ], (1920–1966), cinematographer
* ] (born 1999), Italian middle-distance runner


== Sport == == Neighborhoods ==
* ]
* ]
* ]
* ]
* ]
* ]
* ]
* ]
* ]
* ]
* ]
* ]
* ]
<!--DON'T CHANGE NAME OF NEXT SECTION. IT'D HAMPER LINK IN THE INFOBOX!!-->


=== Basket=== == ''Frazioni'' ==
'']'' within the commune of Teramo include:
] during a game.]]

] had been playing in ], the Italian top division, for 10 years until the end of the 2011-12 season. Due to a heavy situation of bankruptcy the team folded in July 2012 and disappeared from any basketball league. In the past ] had been an important launch pad for both Italian and American players such as ], ], and more...
{{div col|colwidth=22em}}
* Cannelli
* Caprafico
* ]
* Castrogno
* Cavuccio
* Cerreto
* Chiareto
* Colle Caruno
* Colleatterrato Alto
* Colleminuccio
* Colle Santa Maria
* Forcella
* ]
* Galeotti
* Garrano
* ]
* Magnanella
* Miano
* ]
* ]
* Pantaneto
* Poggio Cono
* Piano D'Accio
* Piano della Lenta
* Poggio San Vittorino
* Ponzano
* Putignano
* ]
* Rocciano
* Rupo
* Sardinara
* Saccoccia
* San Nicolò a Tordino
* San Pietro ad Lacum
* ]
* ]
* ]
* Sciusciano
* Sorrenti
* ]
* ]
* Tordinia
* Turri
* ]
* ]
* ]
* Varano
* Villa Falchini
* Villa Gesso
* ]
* Villa Romita
* Villa Stanghieri
* Villa Taraschi
* Villa Viola
* ]
{{div col end}}

== Sport ==
=== Basketball===
] was a basketball team playing in ], the Italian professional basketball league. They finished third in the league in 2009 which qualified them for the ] in 2010. Italian and American players have appeared with the team, including ], ], ], ], and ]. They dissolved in 2012 due to financial issues.


===Football=== ===Football===
] was founded on 15 July 1913.
]]]

] is one of the oldest football clubs in the history of the Italian league, founded on July 15, 1913. It will play in the Italian ] in 2012/2013. The new "Comunale stadium" hosts concerts and football matches.
The "Gaetano Bonolis" stadium hosts concerts and football matches. It has a capacity of 8,000.


===Handball=== ===Handball===
]]]


] team won the ] in 2012 in ]. The club also has a counterpart men's team.
] are two handball teams (male and female) playing in the major handball championship in Italy. The feminine team won the Italian top league in 2012 and will play Champions League in 2012/13 season. The city hosts the ] every July, the handball world cup with more than 30 teams from all over the world.

Every July, the city hosts the ], an international handball tournament with teams from all over the world.


===Other sports=== ===Other sports===
Other sports practiced in Teramo are: tennis (the city hosts an international tournament once a year), ], ] and ] with Rally of Teramo. The ''Maratonina pretuziana'' short marathon is celebrated every year.
Other sports practiced in Teramo are:

*], (the city hosts an international tournament once a year)
Teramo ] is the team that has won the most titles in Italy; it has also won a Champion's league.
*], Teramo rugby is the major team in the ]
*]
*] with Rally of Teramo
*Maratonina pretuziana is celebrated every year. It is a marathon race where many of athletes from all over the world participate.
*Teramo ] is the team that has won the most titles in Italy; it has also won a Champion’s league.


== Gastronomy == == Gastronomy ==


The provincial ] is known for its variety and richness. Typical ingredients include agnello (lamb), peperoncino (hot pepper), formaggio pecorino (sheep milk cheeses), and slow roasted pork. Common wines are the renowned ] and Trebbiano d'Abruzzo.
]
The provincial ] is known for its variety and richness. Typical ingredients include agnello (lamb), peperoncino (hot pepper), formaggio pecorino (sheep milk cheeses), and slow roasted pork. Common ] are the renowned ] and ].


Typical dishes from Teramo and the surrounding communities include the following: Typical dishes from Teramo and the surrounding communities include the following:
* '''Scrippelle''' - This dish is served in the throughout the Teramo province and is somewhat similar to French ], although typically made without milk. There are two common variations. The first is scrippelle 'mbusse - (dialect for scrippelle in brodo or broth) and consists of scrippelle rolled up in ] or ] cheese and served in chicken broth. A second variation is timballo - scrippelle layered with ragù, meat or tiny ]s (polpettine), various cheeses such as mozzarella, and sometimes peas (piselli). * scrippelle – This dish is served in the throughout the Teramo province and is somewhat similar to French ]s, although typically made without milk. There are two common variations. The first is scrippelle 'mbusse – (dialect for scrippelle in brodo or broth) and consists of scrippelle rolled up in ] or ] cheese and served in chicken broth. A second variation is ] – scrippelle layered with ], meat or tiny ]s (polpettini), various cheeses such as ], and sometimes peas (piselli).
* '''Maccheroni alla chitarra''' - a flat, stringlike egg pasta which takes its name from the wooden instrument, basically a wooden frame strung with fine metal wire, called a chitarra (guitar), used to cut the pasta. * ] – a flat, stringlike egg pasta which takes its name from the wooden instrument, basically a wooden frame strung with fine metal wire, called a chitarra (guitar), used to cut the pasta.
* '''Mazzarelle d'agnello''' - lamb's lung and innards wrapped in beet greens or chard and braised in white wine or tomato sauce. Not for the feint of heart and not to be confused with mozzarella cheese. * ] – lamb's lung and innards wrapped in beet greens or chard and braised in white wine or tomato sauce. Not for the faint of heart and not to be confused with mozzarella cheese.
* '''Le virtù''' - a vegetable soup typically prepared in May of each year to celebrate spiritual redemption and the bountiful virtues of the Earth. It is made with a wide variety of locally-grown vegetables and typically includes "annit" (a type of wild fennel). * virtù – a vegetable soup typically prepared in May of each year to celebrate spiritual redemption and the bountiful virtues of the Earth. It is made with a wide variety of locally grown vegetables and typically includes "annit" (a type of wild fennel).
* '''Tacchino alla canzanese''' - a dish famous in the nearby provincial town of ]. Made by slow baking a turkey in gelatin (and ancient method of preserving meat) and typically served cold. * ] – a dish famous in the nearby provincial town of Canzano. Made by slow baking a turkey in gelatin (an ancient method of preserving meat) and typically served cold.
* '''Vino cotto''' - a fortified wine, found also in the ] region, produced by slowly boiling down grape juice before fermatation and aging thus producing a sweet and rich dessert-type of wine. Consumed both straight up and in cooking. * ] – a fortified wine, found also in the ] region, produced by slowly boiling down grape juice before fermentation and aging thus producing a sweet and rich dessert-type of wine. Consumed both straight up and in cooking.
* '''Caggiunitti''' - deep fried almond fritters typically made with chocolate and chestnuts. * '']'' – deep fried almond fritters typically made with chocolate and chestnuts.
* bocconotti – traditional Teramo dish, known with different variations in the rest of Italy, sweet typical of Montorio Al Vomano (city in the province of Teramo) covered with shortcrust pastry and stuffed with grape jam, chocolate and toasted almonds.


]
==City connection and Tourism==
]
] ski slopes in Teramo]]
*Teramo is 90 miles (150&nbsp;km) away from ]. It is connected to the capital of Italy through the A24 highway called Teramo-]
*The public transportation to get to Teramo from ] leaves from Tiburtina Station in ] and it is the only bus-connection. The city can also be reached straight from the two airports of ] through the service of two private company buses which offer several daily trips. Rome is not connected to the ] region by railways.
*By railways, Teramo has a straight connection to ] and it is also possible, after a fast change in the near station of ], to reach cities like ], ], ], ], ] etc.
*The nearest airport is the “]”. It is 40 miles (65&nbsp;km) away from the city center and it is connected to the city through highway A14 in less than one hour by car.
*The majestic Shrine of ] is one of the most visited sanctuaries in ]. It is 20 miles away from the city center and it is connected through highway A24 (Teramo-])
*] is one of the most beautiful villages in Italy. It is reachable within 15 minutes driving distance through SS24 route.
*Monti Gemelli (Twin Mountains) of the Gran Sasso National Park can be reached within a quarter of an hour through SS24 route.
*] is a village 25 miles away (40&nbsp;km) from Teramo. It is best known for its ]s.
*The nearest ] ski resorts and slopes are 25 miles away (40&nbsp;km) (], ]). They are reachable by SS 80 route in about 25 minutes.


== Trivia == ==Transportation==
{{Unreferenced section|date=October 2012}}
*In the 18th century Teramo was dubbed by ] "The Athens in the Kingdom" due to the presence of intellectuals in the city.
*In 1989 Teramo was nominated by ] “A city open to the world” owing to the aptitude of integration and cultural exchanges.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.interamniaworldcup.com/en/in-39-anni/ |title=A Case Of Excellence |publisher=Interamnia World Cup |date= |accessdate=2013-03-12}}</ref>
*] (the basketball centre) dome is the biggest in the world. Bigger than the one of Pantheon in ] and ].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.informazione.it/e/palascapriano |title=Palascapriano (Cn) |publisher=informazione.it |date= |accessdate=2013-03-12}}</ref>
*According to recent statics Teramo, considering the population, is the city that has more gym centers in all of ].
*In 2005 the Italian Ministry of Health found that Teramo, along with ], had the best ] to be found in ].


Teramo is located {{convert|150|km|0|abbr=off}} away from ], to which it is connected through the A24 highway called Teramo-].
== References ==
By railways, Teramo is connected with ].
* {{SmithDGRG}}
;Notes
{{Reflist|colwidth=30em}}


The nearest airport is the “]”. It is {{convert|65|km|0|abbr=off}} away from the city center and it is connected to the city through highway A14.
== Bibliography ==
* ], ''Storia della Provincia di Teramo dalle origini al 1922'', Tercas, Teramo, 1980;
* ], ''Storia illustrata di Teramo'', Teramo, Edigrafital, 1970;
* Mutio De' Mutj ], ''Della Storia di Teramo dialoghi sette'', notes of ], Teramo, Tip. del Corriere Abruzzese, 1893, ;
* ], ''Storia ecclesiastica e civile della ... città di Teramo e Diocesi aprutina'', 5 volumes, 1st edition: Teramo, Angeletti, 1832-1836; 2nd edition: edited by Vittorio Savorini, ], Teramo, Fabbri, 1890-1893; 3rd edition:Teramo, Tercas, 1978-1981, ;
* ], ''Uno sguardo alla storia municipale di Teramo. Dai tempi più remoti all'èvo moderno'', in "Rivista abruzzese di scienze lettere ed arti" - (Rasla), 1st year (1886), n. 3, May, p.&nbsp;97-105, ;
* ], ''Il comune teramano nella sua vita intima e pubblica dai piu antichi tempi ai moderni : racconti e studii seguiti da documenti e da tavole'', Roma, Forzani e C., 1895, ;
* ], ''Degli Stemmi e dei Gonfaloni di Teramo e dei suoi quattro quartieri'', in "Teramo. Bollettino mensile del Comune di Teramo", (1933), n. 7, July, p.&nbsp;3-6, ;


== External links == == See also ==
*]
{{commons category|Teramo}}
*]
*
*]
*

*
== References ==
*
{{reflist}}
*

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{{Province of Teramo}} {{Province of Teramo}}

{{Authority control}}


] ]
] ]
] ]

Latest revision as of 13:35, 18 December 2024

City and comune in Abruzzo, Italy Comune in Abruzzo, Italy
Teramo Tèreme (Neapolitan)
Comune
Città di Teramo
Palazzo Castelli.Palazzo Castelli.
Flag of TeramoFlagCoat of arms of TeramoCoat of arms
Location of Teramo
Teramo is located in ItalyTeramoTeramoLocation of Teramo in ItalyShow map of ItalyTeramo is located in AbruzzoTeramoTeramoTeramo (Abruzzo)Show map of Abruzzo
Coordinates: 42°39′33″N 13°42′08″E / 42.659109°N 13.702167°E / 42.659109; 13.702167
CountryItaly
RegionAbruzzo
ProvinceTeramo (TE)
FrazioniSee list
Government
 • MayorGianguido D'Alberto
Area
 • Total152.84 km (59.01 sq mi)
Elevation265 m (869 ft)
Population
 • Total51,548
 • Density340/km (870/sq mi)
DemonymTeramani
Time zoneUTC+1 (CET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+2 (CEST)
Postal code64100
Dialing code0861
Patron saintSaint Berardo
Saint dayDecember 19
WebsiteOfficial website

Teramo (Italian pronunciation: [ˈtɛːramo] ; Abruzzese: Tèreme [ˈtɛːrəmə]) is a city and comune in the Italian region of Abruzzo, the capital of the province of Teramo.

The city, 150 kilometres (93 miles) from Rome, is situated between the highest mountains of the Apennines (Gran Sasso d'Italia) and the Adriatic coast. The town is located by the confluence of the Vezzola and Tordino rivers, on a hillside area where the terrain features along with the Mediterranean climate make the territory rich in vineyards and olive groves.

The economy of the town is mostly based on activities connected with agriculture and commerce, as well as a sound industrial sector: textiles, foods, engineering, building materials and ceramics. Teramo can be reached from the A14 and the A24 motorways.

Climate

The climate in the region is described as fresh-temperate. During the coolest month, which is January, temperatures average around 5.5 °C (41.9 °F). On the other hand, during the warmest month, July, temperatures average around 24 °C (75 °F). In winter, the region experiences significant snowfall, as observed in 2005. Precipitation is not frequent and is mainly concentrated in late spring. Summers in the area are characterised by days of relatively high temperatures.

Climate data for Teramo, elevation 300 m (980 ft), (1991–2014)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 22.2
(72.0) 		22.2
(72.0) 		26.4
(79.5) 		28.4
(83.1) 		34.5
(94.1) 		38.8
(101.8) 		40.2
(104.4) 		40.5
(104.9) 		38.2
(100.8) 		31.0
(87.8) 		25.7
(78.3) 		24.5
(76.1) 		40.5
(104.9)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 10.8
(51.4) 		11.4
(52.5) 		14.9
(58.8) 		18.1
(64.6) 		22.9
(73.2) 		27.1
(80.8) 		29.7
(85.5) 		30.2
(86.4) 		25.3
(77.5) 		20.8
(69.4) 		15.6
(60.1) 		11.7
(53.1) 		19.9
(67.8)
Daily mean °C (°F) 6.8
(44.2) 		7.1
(44.8) 		10.1
(50.2) 		13.1
(55.6) 		17.7
(63.9) 		21.2
(70.2) 		23.7
(74.7) 		24.2
(75.6) 		19.9
(67.8) 		16.1
(61.0) 		11.4
(52.5) 		7.7
(45.9) 		14.9
(58.9)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 2.7
(36.9) 		2.7
(36.9) 		5.4
(41.7) 		8.2
(46.8) 		12.4
(54.3) 		15.3
(59.5) 		17.7
(63.9) 		18.1
(64.6) 		14.5
(58.1) 		11.4
(52.5) 		7.2
(45.0) 		3.7
(38.7) 		9.9
(49.9)
Record low °C (°F) −10.1
(13.8) 		−11.9
(10.6) 		−7.1
(19.2) 		−2.8
(27.0) 		−0.2
(31.6) 		5.8
(42.4) 		9.2
(48.6) 		8.2
(46.8) 		5.2
(41.4) 		0.9
(33.6) 		−5.4
(22.3) 		−7.0
(19.4) 		−11.9
(10.6)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 59.7
(2.35) 		52.5
(2.07) 		66.5
(2.62) 		73.9
(2.91) 		61.1
(2.41) 		60.3
(2.37) 		50.0
(1.97) 		53.2
(2.09) 		64.2
(2.53) 		77.3
(3.04) 		83.9
(3.30) 		77.3
(3.04) 		779.9
(30.7)
Average precipitation days 6.6 6.6 7.7 8.0 7.6 6.8 5.4 5.4 6.1 7.2 8.3 8.7 84.4
Source 1: Climi e viaggi
Source 2: Regione Abruzzo (preciptiation 1951–2000)

Name

Interamna (Greek: Ἰντέραμνα: Eth. Interamnas, Interamnātis) was the name of several cities in different parts of Italy. Its etymology, already pointed out by Varro and Festus, indicates their position at the confluence of two streams. The form "Interamnium" (Greek: Ἰντεράμνιον), and the ethnic form Interamnis are also found, but more rarely. The name referred to the two rivers Vezzola and Tordino, between which it lies.

The name is already defined in extant manuscripts of the Liber Coloniarum into Teramne, whence its modern form of Teramo. But in the Middle Ages it appears to have been known also by the name of Aprutium, supposed to be a corruption of Praetutium, or rather of the name of the people Praetutii, applied (as was so often the case in Gaul) to their chief city. Thus the name Abrutium is present among the cities of Picenum enumerated by the Geographer of Ravenna (iv. 31); and under the Lombards a comes Aprutii is mentioned. The name has been retained in that of Abruzzo, now a region of Italy.

History

Pre Roman Age

A settlement of the 1st millennium BC and some buildings of ancient Italic tribes were the object of archaeological excavations. The most ancient historical remains were found in the outskirts of the city, precisely in the neighborhood Madonna delle grazie, where, among many, a burial place with a dagger and a halberd were found. Allegedly, the development of the old settlement was due to the commercial center founded by the Etruscan civilization.

According to the Roman author Sextus Julius Frontinus, the ancient Perut or Pretut (meaning "Hill surrounded by waters") strongly developed in dimensions and importance until it became the capital of the Praetutii tribe.

Roman age

Roman Amphitheatre
Roman theatre

In the battle of Sentinum (295 BC), the Romans defied the Italian confederation (Sabellians, Etrusci, Umbri and their allies the Gauls), starting the Samnite Wars. In 290 BC, the Sabine area, along with the Praetutii’s region was occupied by the legions sent by the consul Manius Curius Dentatus. The city took the Latin name of Interamnia Praetuttiorum or Interamnia Praetutia ("City of the Praetutii between two rivers"). During the reign of Augustus Interamnia is included in the Picenum district. The area of the current province was divided from south to north into the Ager Hatrianus, Ager Praetutianus and Ager Palmense.

After the Second Social War, Interamnia became a municipium. The city lost the status of Municipium because of the participation of Lucius Cornelius Sulla in the Social war (91–88 BC), but the city will subsequently regain it for expressed will of Julius Caesar.

During the Roman age, thanks to its nearness to the capital of the empire, the city lived a prosperous and favorable moment as proven by the numerous mosaics, theater, thermal baths and the amphitheater remains. As historians like Ptolemy, Livy and Pliny remember, the city reached its best period under the emperor Hadrian, with the constructions of the temples dedicated to Mars and Apollo.

Middle Ages

Little is known about Teramo in the early Middle Ages, after first destruction of the city in the year 410 by the Visigoths under Alaric I. The Ostrogoths ruled Interamnia 552–554 AD. Right after the Gothic War (6th century), the city became a Byzantine possession. Teramo was included in the Marchia Firmana, part of the Exarchate of Ravenna. Later it was a Lombard fief and part of the Duchy of Spoleto.

In 1129, the city was conquered by the Normans, as part of the County of Apulia. In 1140, it became a possession of Roger II of Sicily, the first King of Sicily. During the strife following Roger's coronation, Teramo was destroyed by a Norman force under Robert II of Loritello. Only the tower of Piazza Sant’Anna was saved from this sack; from this moment on it will be called Torre Bruciata (burnt tower). In 1268, the domination of the House of Hohenstaufen, who had inherited Sicily from Roger II's line, ended; they were replaced by the House of Anjou.

The ecclesiastical authority of the Aprutina Diocese, led by the bishops Rainaldo Acquaviva, Niccolò degli Arcioni (1317), Stefano da Teramo (1335) and Pietro di Valle (1366) boosted the city's economy, as witnessed by the construction of castles, churches, cloisters and palaces along with the great privileges granted by the sovereigns. Within the following two centuries Teramo became part of the Kingdom of Naples.

Renaissance and modern era

The 15th century saw the struggles between the most important families of the city (De Valle and Melatino). The exemplary hanging of 13 followers of Melatino's family is still remembered in a stone shield in the very center of the city. The monument represents two heads with their tongues out under the writing “A lo parlare agi mesura” (mind what you say).

During the first years of the century, the tyrant Antonello de Valle was assassinated; his castle, located in what is now Garibaldi Square, was demolished. The legend says that the belligerence between the families ended thanks to the women of the city who proclaimed a strike of affection. Despite the internal struggles, the city lived a very developed cultural period in the century. Artists like Jacobello del Fiore and Nicola da Guardiagrele were called to work in the city, which had commercial relationship with Tuscany and Venice.

After the death of Ferdinand II, Charles II of Spain sold Teramo to the Duke of Atri for 40,000 ducats. The people of Teramo rebelled, but with no result. In 1626 Teramo was struck by an earthquake, followed four years later by the plague. From 1707, after of the War of the Spanish Succession, the Habsburg monarchy rules the whole Kingdom of the Two Sicilies for 27 years. During the Age of Enlightenment Teramo is an active centre of intellectual life, especially with Melchiorre Delfico, a notable poet, composer and Italian philosopher. In 1798 French troops entered Teramo, and though they were initially repulsed by the citizens, they returned a few days later, sacking the whole city.

In 1806, Napoleon defeated the troops of Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies, and Teramo became a French possession until 1815, when it reverted to the Kingdom of Naples. King Ferdinand II of the Two Sicilies visited the city in 1832, 1844 and 1847. In 1890, the Observatory of Collurania was founded.

Contemporary age

In 1925,the first Italian Psychoanalytic Society was founded in Teramo.

During World War II, on 25 June 1943, German troops arrived in Teramo and proceeded to Bosco Martese where they fought against the men of the Resistance movement. The episode is remembered as the "Battle of Bosco Martese".

In 1972, the first edition of Interamnia World Cup was held.

The University of Teramo was founded in the city in 1993.

Remains of the amphitheatre, with the cathedral in the background.

Main sights

The city's main attractions include:

Teramo Cathedral.
  • the Cathedral of Saint Berardo, built in 1158 by bishop Guido II, in Romanesque style. It has a portal in Gothic style, finished in 1332 by the Roman master Deodato di Cosma. It houses a silver antependium by Nicola of Guardiagrele (with 35 scenes of the life of Jesus) and a polyptych by the Venetian artist Jacobello del Fiore depicting the Incoronation of the Virgin. Annexed is a 50-metre-tall (164-foot) bell tower.
  • the Romanesque church of Sant'Antonio (1127), with a decorated portal. The interior, with a single nave, was renovated along Baroque lines.
  • the church of San Getulio, built in the early Middle Ages on the ruins of a Roman temple, finally destroyed in 1155 by the Normans. Only the presbyterium and some Romanesque elements of the original building remain today.
  • the church of San Domenico (14th century) with a fine Virgin with Child.
  • the sanctuary of the Madonna delle Grazie (also known as Chiesa di Santa Maria delle Grazie). It has a Romanesque cloister and a 15th-century miraculous wooden statue of the Virgin, attributed to Silvestro dell'Aquila.
  • the Palazzo Vescovile ("Bishops Palace"), from the 14th century.
  • the remains of the Roman theatre (built about 30 BC) and of the amphitheatre (about 3rd–4th century AD). Under Palazzo Savini are remains of a Roman domus, including a 1st-century BC opus tessellatum pavement which depicts a fighting lion and other decorative elements.
  • the Torre Bruciata ("Burnt Tower"), a Roman tower from the 2nd century BC, in opus quadratum. The name derives from the traces left by the siege in 1156 by Robert III of Loritello.
  • Church of Santa Maria de Praediis (10th–11th centuries), built using materials from the destroyed castle and Roman villas and temples.

Demographics

Historical population
YearPop.±%
186119,961—    
187120,639+3.4%
188120,844+1.0%
190124,972+19.8%
191126,174+4.8%
192127,275+4.2%
193131,790+16.6%
193633,796+6.3%
YearPop.±%
195138,643+14.3%
196141,899+8.4%
197147,804+14.1%
198151,092+6.9%
199151,756+1.3%
200151,023−1.4%
201154,294+6.4%
202151,849−4.5%
Source: ISTAT

Culture

An art exhibit, Maggio Festeggiante, is held each May. The summer calendar includes the Teramo Literary Prize and the Interamnia World Cup, an international handball event. A week in October is also dedicated to an international photography of film show.

University of Teramo

The University of Teramo offers five faculties, 24 bachelor's degree courses, 35 master's, six postgraduate schools and 10 departments. The Coste Sant'Agostino Campus holds the faculties of Law, Communication Sciences, and Political Science. The university is going through a period of internationalization by offering scholarships to students from all over of the world.

Osservatorio Collurania

The Observatory of Teramo was founded by Vincenzo Cerulli in 1890–1891, and donated to the Italian administration in 1891. Starting from 1994, the observatory owns an 80-centimetre-diameter (31.5 in) optical telescope.

Government

City Hall.
See also: List of mayors of Teramo

At the municipal level, the City of Teramo has a council made up of the mayor and councilmen that are elected every 5 years. in Italy every citizen over 18 has the right to vote.

Twin towns — sister cities

See also: List of twin towns and sister cities in Italy

Teramo is twinned with:

Notable people

People born in or around Teramo include:

Neighborhoods

Frazioni

Frazioni within the commune of Teramo include:

Sport

Basketball

Teramo Basket was a basketball team playing in Serie A, the Italian professional basketball league. They finished third in the league in 2009 which qualified them for the Eurocup in 2010. Italian and American players have appeared with the team, including Bobby Jones, Clay Tucker, Jaycee Carroll, Roger Powell, and Hassan Adams. They dissolved in 2012 due to financial issues.

Football

Teramo Calcio was founded on 15 July 1913.

The "Gaetano Bonolis" stadium hosts concerts and football matches. It has a capacity of 8,000.

Handball

HC Teramo 2002 team won the Italian top league in 2012 in handball. The club also has a counterpart men's team.

Every July, the city hosts the Interamnia World Cup, an international handball tournament with teams from all over the world.

Other sports

Other sports practiced in Teramo are: tennis (the city hosts an international tournament once a year), rugby, water polo and rallying with Rally of Teramo. The Maratonina pretuziana short marathon is celebrated every year.

Teramo torball is the team that has won the most titles in Italy; it has also won a Champion's league.

Gastronomy

The provincial Teramo gastronomy is known for its variety and richness. Typical ingredients include agnello (lamb), peperoncino (hot pepper), formaggio pecorino (sheep milk cheeses), and slow roasted pork. Common wines are the renowned Montepulciano and Trebbiano d'Abruzzo.

Typical dishes from Teramo and the surrounding communities include the following:

  • scrippelle – This dish is served in the throughout the Teramo province and is somewhat similar to French crêpes, although typically made without milk. There are two common variations. The first is scrippelle 'mbusse – (dialect for scrippelle in brodo or broth) and consists of scrippelle rolled up in Pecorino or Parmesan cheese and served in chicken broth. A second variation is timballo – scrippelle layered with ragù, meat or tiny meatballs (polpettini), various cheeses such as scamorza, and sometimes peas (piselli).
  • maccheroni alla chitarra – a flat, stringlike egg pasta which takes its name from the wooden instrument, basically a wooden frame strung with fine metal wire, called a chitarra (guitar), used to cut the pasta.
  • mazzarelle – lamb's lung and innards wrapped in beet greens or chard and braised in white wine or tomato sauce. Not for the faint of heart and not to be confused with mozzarella cheese.
  • virtù – a vegetable soup typically prepared in May of each year to celebrate spiritual redemption and the bountiful virtues of the Earth. It is made with a wide variety of locally grown vegetables and typically includes "annit" (a type of wild fennel).
  • tacchino alla canzanese – a dish famous in the nearby provincial town of Canzano. Made by slow baking a turkey in gelatin (an ancient method of preserving meat) and typically served cold.
  • vino cotto – a fortified wine, found also in the Marche region, produced by slowly boiling down grape juice before fermentation and aging thus producing a sweet and rich dessert-type of wine. Consumed both straight up and in cooking.
  • caggiunitti – deep fried almond fritters typically made with chocolate and chestnuts.
  • bocconotti – traditional Teramo dish, known with different variations in the rest of Italy, sweet typical of Montorio Al Vomano (city in the province of Teramo) covered with shortcrust pastry and stuffed with grape jam, chocolate and toasted almonds.
Church of San Domenico.

Transportation

Teramo is located 150 kilometres (93 miles) away from Rome, to which it is connected through the A24 highway called Teramo-Rome. By railways, Teramo is connected with Pescara.

The nearest airport is the “Abruzzo Airport”. It is 65 kilometres (40 miles) away from the city center and it is connected to the city through highway A14.

See also

References

  1. "Superficie di Comuni Province e Regioni italiane al 9 ottobre 2011". Italian National Institute of Statistics. Retrieved 16 March 2019.
  2. Citypopulation. "Abruzzo Region".
  3. "Popolazione Residente al 1° Gennaio 2018". Italian National Institute of Statistics. Retrieved 16 March 2019.
  4. "Clima - Teramo (Abruzzo)". Climi e viaggi. Retrieved 28 November 2024.
  5. "VALORI MEDI CLIMATICI DAL 1951 AL 2000 NELLA REGIONE ABRUZZO" (PDF). Regione Abruzzo. Archived from the original (PDF) on 30 June 2024. Retrieved 30 June 2024.
  6. "inter amnes", Varro L. L. v.28, Fest. v. Amnes, p. 17, Müll.
  7. "Useful info". Discover Teramo. Consorzio B.I.M. Teramo. Retrieved 2019-12-22.
Abruzzo · Comuni of the Province of Teramo
Province of Teramo
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