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{{short description|American politician, journalist, physician and military officer (1808–1864)}}
{{Infobox Senator
{{Use mdy dates|date=January 2020}}
| name=Solon Borland
{{Infobox officeholder
| image name=Solon Borland.jpg
| name = Solon Borland
| jr/sr=United States Senator
| image name = Solon Borland.jpg
| state=]
| office = ]
| party=]
| term=March 30, 1848 – April 11, 1853 | term_start = April 18, 1853
| term_end = April 17, 1854
| preceded=]
| president = ]
| succeeded=]
| predecessor = ]
| birth_date= {{birth date|1808|9|21}}
| successor = ]
| birth_place= ], ]
| jr/sr1 = United States Senator
| death_date={{death date and age|1864|1|1|1808|9|21}}
| state1 = ]
| death_place= ], ]
| term_start1 = April 24, 1848
| restingplace = Mt. Holly Cemetery<br/>], ]
| term_end1 = March 3, 1853
| restingplacecoordinates = {{coord|34.7375|-92.2783|type:landmark}}
| preceded1 = ]
| spouse=Hildah Wright Borland<br/>Eliza Buck Hart Borland<br/>Mary Isabel Melbourne Borland
| succeeded1 = ]
| profession=], ], ], ]
| birth_date = {{birth date|1808|9|21}}
|branch=]<br/>]
| birth_place = ], US
|rank=]<br/>]
| death_date = {{death date and age|1864|1|1|1808|9|21}}
|battles=]<br/>]
| death_place = ], ]
| resting_place = Old City Cemetery,<br />], Texas, US
| resting_place_coordinates = {{coord|29|46|06.5|N|95|22|04.6|W|region:US-TX_type:landmark|display=inline,title}}
| party = ]
| spouse = {{Plainlist|* {{marriage|Hildah Wright|1831|1837|end=d.}}
* {{marriage|Eliza Buck Hart|July 23, 1839|1842|end=d.}}
* {{marriage|Mary Isabel Melbourne|May 27, 1845}}
}} }}
| education = ] (])
'''Solon Borland''' (September 21, 1808 &ndash; January 1, 1864)<ref> Retrieved on 2009-01-20.</ref> was a newspaperman, soldier, diplomat, ] ] from the State of ] and a ] officer during the ].
| allegiance = {{flag|United States|1847}}<br />{{flagicon image|Flag of the Confederate States (1861–1863).svg}} ]
| branch = <!-- EDITORS NOTE: Please do not add the Army flag adopted by the U.S. government in 1956 (92 years after Borland's death) as it would be historically inaccurate. Thank you. --> {{unbulleted list|]|{{army|CSA}}}}
| branch_label = Service
| rank = {{unbulleted list|] ] (U.S.)|] ] (C.S.)}}
| serviceyears = {{unbulleted list|1846–1847 (U.S.)|1861–1862 (C.S.)}}
| commands = {{unbulleted list|Company B, Arkansas Mounted Infantry Regiment (July 1846)|] (1861–62)}}
| battles = {{tree list}}
* ]{{POW}}
** ]
** ]
** ]
* ]
** ]
{{tree list/end}}
| battles_label = Battles
| module = {{Infobox person|embed=yes|
| monuments= Borland Memorial Marker,<br />],<br />]}}
| caption = Portrait of Borland by ]
}}

'''Solon Borland''' (September 21, 1808 – January 1, 1864) was an American politician, journalist, physician and military officer. He served as a ] from ] from 1848 to 1853. Later in life, he served as an ] of the ] including commanded of a ] regiment in the ].


==Early life== ==Early life==
Solon Borland was born on September 21, 1808, in ] to Thomas Borland, a native of ], and Harriet Godwin Borland.<ref name="PoUSS1856">{{cite book |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title=Portraits of United States Senators |url=https://archive.org/details/portraitsofunite00trac |location=Claremont, N. H. |publisher=Tracy, Kenney & Company |pages=-09 |date=1856 |ol=OL7023541M |via=]}}</ref> When he was a youth, his family moved to ], where he attended Hertford Academy. Borland also studied medicine in ] and ]. As a captain in 1831, he led a company of Virginia militia forces that were dispatched to ] to fight ].<ref name=Parramore98.10>{{cite book | last = Parramore | first = Dr. Thomas C. | authorlink = Thomas C. Parramore | title = Trial Separation: Murfreesboro, North Carolina and the Civil War | publisher = Murfreesboro Historical Association, Inc. | year = 1998 | location = Murfreesboro, North Carolina | pages = 10 | lccn= 00503566}}</ref> He owned slaves himself.<ref>{{Citation|title=Congress slaveowners|date=2022-01-19|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/history/interactive/2022/congress-slaveowners-names-list/|newspaper=The Washington Post|access-date=2022-07-11}}</ref>
Borland was born in ]. When he was a youth, his family moved to ], where he attended preparatory schools. He later studied ] and opened a practice. He married three times, first in 1831 to Hildah Wright of Virginia, who died in 1837, and with whom he had two sons. He then married Eliza Buck Hart of ] in 1839, but she died in 1842, with no offspring. In 1843 following his second wife's death, he moved to ], where he founded the ''Arkansas Banner'', which became an influential newspaper in state-wide ] politics. Three years later, he challenged the editor of the rival ''Arkansas Gazette'', a ] paper, to a ] due to a slander published against Doctor Borland. In 1845 he had met Mary Isabel Melbourne, of Little Rock, with whom he would marry that same year and later have three children.


==Politics==
==Mexican-American War==
After the war, Borland was elected as a ] to fill the unexpired term of ]. His views were generally of a disunionist version, and he was not popular with many Senate members. During an 1850 debate over Southern rights, he physically attacked ] Senator ]. He discovered soon after his return to ], that his views were not popular at home, either. In 1852 he opposed the decision of sending ] to open ] to international trade on grounds that the leaders of that country did not offend U.S. interests by refusing to open their country to international trade.<ref>''New York Times'', Apr. 9, 1852</ref> Borland resigned from the United States Senate in 1853 and was appointed as ].<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Teske |first=Steven |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FWvZxuTuIVQC&dq=Solon+Borland&pg=PA49 |title=Unvarnished Arkansas: The Naked Truth about Nine Famous Arkansans |date=March 2013 |publisher=Butler Center Books |isbn=978-1-935106-47-0 |pages=46–65 |language=en}}</ref>
During the ], Borland was commissioned as a ] in the Arkansas Volunteer Cavalry, serving under ]. He served throughout the war, having turned over his newspaper to associates. Borland was taken as a ] by the Mexican army on January 23, 1847, just south of ]. He escaped, and was discharged when his regiment was disbanded and mustered out in June, but continued in the army as volunteer ] to General ] during the remainder of the campaign, from the ] to the ] on September 14, 1847.


Immediately after his arrival in ], Borland called for the U.S. Government to repudiate the ], and for the American military to support ] in the event of a possible war with Great Britain. In a public address in Nicaragua, he stated that it was his greatest ambition to see Nicaragua "forming a bright star in the flag of the United States". He was reprimanded for this by ] ]. While leaving ] in May, 1854, Borland interfered with the local arrest of an American citizen. A crowd had gathered, and a bottle was thrown which hit Borland in the face. Enraged, he reported the incident to the ], who promptly dispatched a ], and demanded an apology. When none was given, Greytown ].<ref name=":0" />
==Controversial politics==
After the war, he was elected as a ] to fill the unexpired term of ]. His views were generally of a disunionist version, and he was not popular with many Senate members. During an 1850 debate over Southern rights, he physically attacked ] Senator ]. He discovered soon after his return to Little Rock that his views were not popular at home, either. Borland resigned from the Senate in 1853 and served as United States Minister to ] through 1854. However, this duty did not run smoothly for him either.


Borland returned to Little Rock in October 1854, and resumed his medical practice and operation of his ]. Borland declined a nomination from ] as ] of the ]. However he remained active in local politics, and very vocal as to his views on ] and ].<ref name=":0" />
Immediately after his arrival in ], he called for the US Government to repudiate the ], and for the American military to support ] in its confrontation with ]. In a public address in Nicaragua, he stated that it was his greatest ambition to see Nicaragua "forming a bright star in the flag of the United States". He was reprimanded for this by ] ]. While leaving ] in May, 1854, Borland interfered with the local arrest of an American citizen. He was threatened with arrest, but due to his ], no arrest was made. However, a crowd had gathered, and a bottle was thrown which hit Borland in the face. Enraged, he reported the incident to the United States, who promptly dispatched a ], and demanded an apology. When none was given, the town was bombarded and burned.


==Military==
Borland returned to Little Rock in October 1854, and resumed his medical practice and operation of his ]. Borland declined a nomination from ] as ] of the ]. However he remained active in local politics, and very vocal as to his views on states rights and secession.


=== Mexican–American War ===
==Civil War service, death==
During the ], Borland was commissioned ] of the Arkansas Mounted Infantry Regiment serving under ]. Borland served throughout the war, having turned over his newspaper business to associates. He was taken as a ] by the Mexican army on January 23, 1847, just south of ]. He escaped,<ref name="PoUSS1856" /> and was discharged when his regiment was disbanded and mustered out in June, but continued in the army as volunteer ] to General ] during the remainder of the campaign, from the ] to the ] on September 14, 1847.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Tucker |first=Spencer C. |author-link=Spencer C. Tucker |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OuTNEAAAQBAJ&dq=Solon+Borland+mexican-american+war&pg=PA80 |title=The Encyclopedia of the Mexican-American War: A Political, Social, and Military History |date=2012-10-09 |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing USA |isbn=978-1-85109-854-5 |page=80 |language=en}}</ref>
At the start of the Civil War, Borland was appointed as a commander of the state ] by Arkansas Governor ], and ordered to lead the expedition that seized ], in the first days of the war, despite the fact that Arkansas had not yet seceded. By the time Borland and his forces arrived in Fort Smith, the Federal troops had already departed, and there were no shots fired. He was replaced as commander at the Arkansas Secession convention less than a month later, but he was able to obtain a position as a commander for Northeast Arkansas. For a time in 1861 he commanded the depot at Pitman's Ferry, near ], responsible for troop deployments and supplies. His only son with his third wife, George Godwin Borland, had joined the Confederate Army despite being only 16 years of age, and would later be ].


=== American Civil War ===
Borland helped recruit troops for the ] during this period, and helped raise the "]" on June 10, 1861, and became its first ]. The regiment was sent to ], but without Borland. The regiment would eventually serve under ] ], seeing action in the ] and the ], along with other battles as a part of the ]. However, Borland never left Arkansas.
At the start of the ], Borland was appointed as a commander of Arkansas ] by Arkansas Governor ], and ordered to lead the expedition that seized ], in the first days of the war, despite the fact that Arkansas had not yet seceded. By the time Borland and his forces arrived in Fort Smith, the Federal troops had already departed, and there were no shots fired. He was replaced as commander at the Arkansas Secession convention less than a month later, but he was able to obtain a position as a commander for Northeast Arkansas. For a time in 1861 he commanded the depot at Pitman's Ferry, near ], responsible for troop deployments and supplies. Borland's only son with his third wife, George Godwin Borland, had joined the Confederate States Army despite being only 16 years of age, and would later be ]. Borland's first wife, Huldah G. Wright (1809–1837), bore him a son Harold who served in the Confederate States Army as a major, assigned to the Eastern Sub-district of Texas of the ].<ref>Special Orders #253/14, Adjutant and Inspector General's Office, Confederate States</ref>


Borland helped recruit troops for the ] during this period, helping to raise the ] on June 10, 1861, becoming its first colonel. The regiment was sent to ], but without Borland. It would eventually serve under Major-General ], seeing action in the ] and the ], along with other battles as a part of the ]. However, Borland never left Arkansas.<ref name=":0" />
While in his command position for the Northern Arkansas Militia, he ordered an embargo of goods to end price speculation, which was rescinded by Governor Rector. Borland protested that a governor could not countermand an order from a Confederate official, but in January 1862 his order was countermanded by the ] at the time, ]. In declining health and resenting that embarrassment, Borland resigned from further service to the Confederacy in June, 1862, moving to ]. Borland died before the war's end, in ]. His burial place is in Mount Holly Cemetery in ].


While in command of northern Arkansas, he ordered an ] of goods to end price ], which was rescinded by Governor Rector. Borland protested that a governor could not countermand an order from a Confederate official, but in January 1862 his order was countermanded by the ] ]. In declining health and resenting that embarrassment, Borland resigned from further service to the Confederacy in June, 1862, moving to ]. He died on January 1, 1864, in ]. His burial place is in the old City Cemetery, ].<ref name=":0" />
In 1962, the town of ], began hosting "Solon Borland Daze," a community festival dedicated to recalling the life and achievements of the U.S. senator and his French-Creole mistress, after whom the town is named.


==See also== == Journalism ==
In 1843, following his second wife's death, Borland moved to Little Rock, where he founded the '']'', which became an influential newspaper in statewide ] politics. Three years later, Borland challenged the editor of the rival '']'', a ] newspaper, to a ] due to a ] published against him.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rival Editors Duel After Insults Exchanged - A Title Essay Series |url=https://www.arkansasheritage.com/blog/dah/2023/09/06/rival-editors-duel-after-insults-exchanged---a-title-essay-series |access-date=2024-07-31 |website=DAH Site |language=en}}</ref>
{{Portal box|United States Army|American Civil War}}

In October 1855, Borland, with ] and ], abandoned the Democratic Party, claiming the party had become abolitionist. Danley, who was an editor for the aforementioned ''Arkansas Democrat-Gazette'', took ownership from ] and turned it into a mouthpiece for the ] party, which Danley and Borland had joined in October 1855.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Moneyhon |first=Carl H. |author-link=Carl Moneyhon |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6Aej-sXoQLYC&dq=Christopher+C.+Danley&pg=PA77 |title=The Impact of the Civil War and Reconstruction on Arkansas: Persistence in the Midst of Ruin |date=2002-01-01 |publisher=University of Arkansas Press |isbn=978-1-55728-735-9 |language=en}}</ref>

==See also==<!-- EDITORS NOTE: This section should primarily contain lists linked to the main article which are directly related to the person. Thank you. -->
* ]
* ]
* ]


==References== ==References==
{{Reflist}} {{Reflist|30em}}
{{Refbegin}}
:{{appletons}}
*{{congbio|B000642}} Retrieved on 2008-02-13
*
{{Refend}}


==External links== ==External links==
{{commons category}}<!-- EDITORS NOTE: Please follow the ] guideline where possible and consider discussing on the talk page. Thank you. -->
*
* at '']''
*
* {{Find a Grave|id=6920165|name=Solon Borland}}

* at ''NCPedia'' (NCpedia.org)
* at ]{{CongBio|B000642}}
* {{Internet Archive author|name=Solon Borland|birth=1808|death=1864}}
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{{Persondata
|NAME= Borland, Solon
|ALTERNATIVE NAMES=
|SHORT DESCRIPTION= Politician, Confederate Army officer
|DATE OF BIRTH= September 21, 1808
|PLACE OF BIRTH= ], ]
|DATE OF DEATH= January 1, 1864
|PLACE OF DEATH= ], ]
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Borland, Solon}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Borland, Solon}}
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Latest revision as of 22:08, 10 December 2024

American politician, journalist, physician and military officer (1808–1864)

Solon Borland
Portrait of Borland by Mathew Brady
Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary (Nicaragua)
In office
April 18, 1853 – April 17, 1854
PresidentFranklin Pierce
Preceded byJohn B. Kerr
Succeeded byJohn H. Wheeler
United States Senator
from Arkansas
In office
April 24, 1848 – March 3, 1853
Preceded byAmbrose Hundley Sevier
Succeeded byRobert Ward Johnson
Personal details
Born(1808-09-21)September 21, 1808
Nansemond County, Virginia, US
DiedJanuary 1, 1864(1864-01-01) (aged 55)
Harris County, Texas, Confederate States of America
Resting placeOld City Cemetery,
Houston, Texas, US
29°46′06.5″N 95°22′04.6″W / 29.768472°N 95.367944°W / 29.768472; -95.367944
Political partyDemocratic
Spouses
Hildah Wright ​ ​(m. 1831; died 1837)​
Eliza Buck Hart ​ ​(m. 1839; died 1842)​
Mary Isabel Melbourne ​ ​(m. 1845)​
EducationLouisville Medical Institute (MD)
Military service
Allegiance United States
Confederate States
Service
Years of service
  • 1846–1847 (U.S.)
  • 1861–1862 (C.S.)
Rank
Commands
Battles
MonumentsBorland Memorial Marker,
Mount Holly Cemetery,
Little Rock, Arkansas

Solon Borland (September 21, 1808 – January 1, 1864) was an American politician, journalist, physician and military officer. He served as a United States Senator from Arkansas from 1848 to 1853. Later in life, he served as an officer of the Confederate States Army including commanded of a cavalry regiment in the Trans-Mississippi Theater of the American Civil War.

Early life

Solon Borland was born on September 21, 1808, in Nansemond County, Virginia to Thomas Borland, a native of Scotland, and Harriet Godwin Borland. When he was a youth, his family moved to Murfreesboro, North Carolina, where he attended Hertford Academy. Borland also studied medicine in Philadelphia and Louisville. As a captain in 1831, he led a company of Virginia militia forces that were dispatched to Southampton County to fight Nat Turner's slave rebellion. He owned slaves himself.

Politics

After the war, Borland was elected as a United States Senator to fill the unexpired term of Ambrose Hundley Sevier. His views were generally of a disunionist version, and he was not popular with many Senate members. During an 1850 debate over Southern rights, he physically attacked Mississippi Senator Henry Foote. He discovered soon after his return to Little Rock, Arkansas, that his views were not popular at home, either. In 1852 he opposed the decision of sending Commodore Perry to open Japan to international trade on grounds that the leaders of that country did not offend U.S. interests by refusing to open their country to international trade. Borland resigned from the United States Senate in 1853 and was appointed as Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary (Nicaragua).

Immediately after his arrival in Managua, Borland called for the U.S. Government to repudiate the Clayton–Bulwer Treaty, and for the American military to support Honduras in the event of a possible war with Great Britain. In a public address in Nicaragua, he stated that it was his greatest ambition to see Nicaragua "forming a bright star in the flag of the United States". He was reprimanded for this by Secretary of State William Marcy. While leaving Greytown in May, 1854, Borland interfered with the local arrest of an American citizen. A crowd had gathered, and a bottle was thrown which hit Borland in the face. Enraged, he reported the incident to the U.S. president, who promptly dispatched a gunboat, and demanded an apology. When none was given, Greytown was bombarded and destroyed.

Borland returned to Little Rock in October 1854, and resumed his medical practice and operation of his pharmacy. Borland declined a nomination from President Pierce as governor of the New Mexico Territory. However he remained active in local politics, and very vocal as to his views on state's rights and secession.

Military

Mexican–American War

During the Mexican–American War, Borland was commissioned major of the Arkansas Mounted Infantry Regiment serving under Archibald Yell. Borland served throughout the war, having turned over his newspaper business to associates. He was taken as a prisoner of war by the Mexican army on January 23, 1847, just south of Saltillo. He escaped, and was discharged when his regiment was disbanded and mustered out in June, but continued in the army as volunteer aide-de-camp to General William J. Worth during the remainder of the campaign, from the Battle of Molino del Rey to the capture of Mexico City on September 14, 1847.

American Civil War

At the start of the American Civil War, Borland was appointed as a commander of Arkansas Militia by Arkansas Governor Henry M. Rector, and ordered to lead the expedition that seized Fort Smith, Arkansas, in the first days of the war, despite the fact that Arkansas had not yet seceded. By the time Borland and his forces arrived in Fort Smith, the Federal troops had already departed, and there were no shots fired. He was replaced as commander at the Arkansas Secession convention less than a month later, but he was able to obtain a position as a commander for Northeast Arkansas. For a time in 1861 he commanded the depot at Pitman's Ferry, near Pocahontas, Arkansas, responsible for troop deployments and supplies. Borland's only son with his third wife, George Godwin Borland, had joined the Confederate States Army despite being only 16 years of age, and would later be killed in action. Borland's first wife, Huldah G. Wright (1809–1837), bore him a son Harold who served in the Confederate States Army as a major, assigned to the Eastern Sub-district of Texas of the Trans-Mississippi Department.

Borland helped recruit troops for the Confederacy during this period, helping to raise the 3rd Arkansas Cavalry Regiment on June 10, 1861, becoming its first colonel. The regiment was sent to Corinth, Mississippi, but without Borland. It would eventually serve under Major-General Joseph Wheeler, seeing action in the Second Battle of Corinth and the Battle of Hatchie's Bridge, along with other battles as a part of the Army of Mississippi. However, Borland never left Arkansas.

While in command of northern Arkansas, he ordered an embargo of goods to end price speculation, which was rescinded by Governor Rector. Borland protested that a governor could not countermand an order from a Confederate official, but in January 1862 his order was countermanded by the Confederate States Secretary of War Judah P. Benjamin. In declining health and resenting that embarrassment, Borland resigned from further service to the Confederacy in June, 1862, moving to Dallas County, Arkansas. He died on January 1, 1864, in Harris County, Texas. His burial place is in the old City Cemetery, Houston.

Journalism

In 1843, following his second wife's death, Borland moved to Little Rock, where he founded the Arkansas Banner, which became an influential newspaper in statewide Democratic Party politics. Three years later, Borland challenged the editor of the rival Arkansas Democrat-Gazette, a Whig newspaper, to a duel due to a slander published against him.

In October 1855, Borland, with Albert Pike and Christopher C. Danley, abandoned the Democratic Party, claiming the party had become abolitionist. Danley, who was an editor for the aforementioned Arkansas Democrat-Gazette, took ownership from William E. Woodruff and turned it into a mouthpiece for the Know Nothing party, which Danley and Borland had joined in October 1855.

See also

References

  1. ^ Portraits of United States Senators. Claremont, N. H.: Tracy, Kenney & Company. 1856. pp. 108-09. OL 7023541M – via Internet Archive.
  2. Parramore, Dr. Thomas C. (1998). Trial Separation: Murfreesboro, North Carolina and the Civil War. Murfreesboro, North Carolina: Murfreesboro Historical Association, Inc. p. 10. LCCN 00503566.
  3. "Congress slaveowners", The Washington Post, January 19, 2022, retrieved July 11, 2022
  4. New York Times, Apr. 9, 1852
  5. ^ Teske, Steven (March 2013). Unvarnished Arkansas: The Naked Truth about Nine Famous Arkansans. Butler Center Books. pp. 46–65. ISBN 978-1-935106-47-0.
  6. Tucker, Spencer C. (October 9, 2012). The Encyclopedia of the Mexican-American War: A Political, Social, and Military History [3 volumes]. Bloomsbury Publishing USA. p. 80. ISBN 978-1-85109-854-5.
  7. Special Orders #253/14, Adjutant and Inspector General's Office, Confederate States
  8. "Rival Editors Duel After Insults Exchanged - A Title Essay Series". DAH Site. Retrieved July 31, 2024.
  9. Moneyhon, Carl H. (January 1, 2002). The Impact of the Civil War and Reconstruction on Arkansas: Persistence in the Midst of Ruin. University of Arkansas Press. ISBN 978-1-55728-735-9.

External links

Offices and distinctions
Military offices
Preceded byColonel Albert Pike Adjutant General of Arkansas
1846–1848 		Succeeded byColonel John S. Roane
New regiment Commanding Officer of the 3d Arkansas Cavalry Regiment
1861–1862 		Succeeded byColonel Samuel G. Earle
U.S. Senate
Preceded byAmbrose Hundley Sevier U.S. senator (Class 3) from Arkansas
1848–1853
Served alongside: Chester Ashley, William K. Sebastian 		Succeeded byRobert Ward Johnson
Diplomatic posts
Preceded byJohn B. Kerr Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary (Nicaragua)
1853–1854 		Succeeded byJohn H. Wheeler
Articles related to Solon Borland
United States senators from Arkansas
Class 2 Seal of the United States Senate
Class 3
Chairmen of the United States Senate Committee on Energy and Natural Resources
Public Lands
(1816–1921)		 Seal of the United States Senate
Public Lands and Surveys
(1921–1947)
Interior and Insular Affairs
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