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| class="gallerytext" style="font-size:12px; line-height:1.3em; padding:2px 6px 1px; margin:0; border:1px solid #f0f0f0;"| ], flown by Western Saharans favoring rule by Morocco.
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| class="gallerytext" style="font-size:12px; line-height:1.3em; padding:2px 6px 1px; margin:0; border:1px solid #f0f0f0;"| Flag of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic, flown by Western Saharans favoring independence. This flag is commonly referred to as the "flag of Western Sahara".<ref>http://awsa.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2009/02/vicraisingtheflag27feb09-1.pdf</ref><ref name="fotw">{{cite web |url=http://www.fotw.net/flags/eh.html |title=Western Sahara |publisher=] |accessdate=2012-07-06}}</ref>
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] controls most of the territory and administers it as its ], while the Polisario Front controls the remainder. Since the disengagement of the Spanish forces in 1976, the Polisario proclaimed the ], as the state that represents the territory.

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== Flag of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic ==
{{Infobox flag {{Infobox flag
|Name = ] |Name = Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
|Article = |Article =
|Image = Flag_of_the_Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic.svg |Image = Flag of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic.svg
|Use = 111000 |Use = 111000
|Symbol = |Symbol = {{FIAV|111000}} {{FIAV|Mirror}}
|Proportion = 1:2<ref name="proportions">Protocol Section of the Office of the President of the Republic (June 1987)</ref> |Proportion = 1:2<ref name="proportions">Protocol Section of the Office of the President of the Republic (June 1987)</ref>
|Adoption = February 27, 1976 |Adoption = {{start date and age|1976|02|27|df=y}}
|Design = A black, white, and green horizontal ] charged with a red ] in the center stripe and a red triangle at the hoist |Design = A black, white, and green horizontal ] charged with a red ] in the centre stripe and a red ] at the hoist
|Designer = ]
|Type =
}} |Type =}}
The ] of ] or the flag of the ] uses a national flag consisting of a black, white and green horizontal ] charged with a red ] in the center stripe and a red ] at the hoist. It is used on ]-controlled areas, while the ] is used on the ] of ].


The '''flag of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic''' is a combination of the ] of black, green, white, and red, and the ]ic symbol of the ]. On 27 February 1976 the flag was adopted as the official flag of the ] (SADR). It was slightly modified in June 1991{{citation needed|date=February 2013}}. It is said to be designed by ], the first president of the ]. The flag is a combination of the ] of black, green, white, and red, and the ] symbol of the ]. On 27 February 1976 the flag was adopted as the official flag of the ] (SADR). It is said to have been designed by ], the first president of the SADR.


=== Description === ==Description==
The ] is a ] of three equal horizontal stripes (black, white, and green from top to bottom) overlaid by a red triangle issuing from the hoist. These are the ]. There is a red star and crescent in the middle stripe. The ] is a ] of three equal horizontal stripes (black, white, and green from top to bottom) overlaid by a red triangle issuing from the hoist. These are the ]. There is a red star and crescent in the middle stripe.
]
The flag is similar to the flags of the ], ], ], the ], and the ] all of which draw their inspiration from the ] against ] rule (1916–1918). Prior to being the flag of Palestine, it was the flag of the short-lived ] of Iraq and Jordan. The ] had the same graphic form, but the colors were arranged differently (white on the bottom, rather than in the middle).


Its design is based on that of the ],<ref>{{cite book | last = Znamierowski | first = Alfred | title = Flags of the world: An illustrated guide to contemporary flags | page = 93 | publisher = Southwater | location = London | year = 2000 | isbn = 978-1-84215-337-6 }}</ref> which in turn was derived from the colors used in the ]. The star and crescent are considered symbols of Islam, and can be seen on flags of other neighboring Muslim-majority countries such as ] and ]. ], 2006.]]
The flag is extremely similar to the flags of the ], ], ], and the ] all of which draw their inspiration from the ] against ] rule (1916–1918). Prior to being the flag of Palestine, it was the flag of the short lived ] of Iraq and Jordan. The ] had the same graphic form, but the colours were arranged differently (white on the bottom, rather than in the middle).
===Symbolism===
The green of the flag represents the Sahrawi people's hope of one day returning to their lands and the white represents peace and the purity of the Sahrawi, while the black represents anguish and grief for the martyrs and the red represents the blood spilled by all the martyrs.<ref name="FlagDB">{{Cite web|title=The Flag of Western Sahara|url=https://www.flagdb.com/western-sahara |access-date=2024-05-08|website=flagdb.com|language=en}}</ref> The star represents the SADR being an Arab republic, while the crescent represents the Sahrawi Republic being a Muslim country.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mosquera |first=César |url=https://utopix.cc/content/the-flag-of-the-sahrawi-arab-democratic-republic/ |title=The flag of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic |language=en |website=utopix.cc |date=2021-05-26 |access-date=2023-04-23}}</ref>


==History==
Its design is based on that of the ],<ref>{{cite book | last = Znamierowski | first = Alfred | title = Flags of the world: An illustrated guide to contemporary flags | page = 93 | publisher = Southwater | location = London | year = 2000 | isbn = 978-1-84215-337-6 }}</ref> which in turn was derived from the colors used in the ]. The star and crescent are considered symbols of Islam, and can be seen on flags of other neighbouring Islamic countries such as ] and ].
In the late 19th-century Western Sahara became a ].


During the ], the only official flag was the flag of Spain, however, the maritime province of ], which corresponds to the current territory of Western Sahara, was assigned a cornet flag that consisted of two stripes, blue the upper and yellow the lower.
==== Construction sheets ====


Like other demarcations of Spain, such as Cantabria, which created their symbols taking as references the flags of their maritime provinces, the Saharawi National Union Party created its flag based on that of the Maritime Province of Villa Cisneros, until its entry into the Polisario Front in a meeting held on October 12, 1975, with the leadership of said movement.
It is not clear whether the flag constructed here has any official status. The 1:2 variant with the star pointing upwards, shown above, is the official one.<ref name="proportions"/>


After the ] of 1975, Spain disengaged itself leaving the territory to Morocco and ], who split the territory, giving two-thirds to the former. The ] rejected this and declared in exile, the ] (SADR) as the state representing an "independent" Western Sahara.<ref name=CIA>{{cite web|title=CIA – The World Factbook|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/wi.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070612210735/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/wi.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=12 June 2007|publisher=CIA|access-date=13 March 2012}}</ref>
<gallery>
File:Flag of Western Sahara dimensions.jpg|Construction of the flag
File:Flag of Western Sahara dimensions blueprint.jpg|Construction of the star and crescent
File:Flag of Western Sahara dimensions colors.jpg|Colors of the flag
</gallery>


In 1979, Mauritania signed a Peace Treaty with the Polisario Front, and Morocco annexed the part formerly controlled by Mauritania.
== Flag of Morocco ==
]


An U.N.-brokered ceasefire was signed in 1991 between the two parties, but the sovereignty of the territory remains unresolved pending ongoing peace-talks.<ref name="CIA" />
] has not adopted a flag for Western Sahara and uses the ].


==History==
In the late 19th-century, Western Sahara became a Spanish colony. After the ] of 1975, ] disengaged itself leaving the territory to Morocco and ], who split the territory, giving two thirds to the former. The ] rejected this and declared in exile, the ] (SADR) as the state representing an "independent" Western Sahara.<ref name=CIA>{{cite web|last=Staff|title=CIA - The World Factbook|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/wi.html|publisher=CIA|accessdate=13 March 2012}}</ref>

In 1979, Mauritania signed a peace treaty with the Polisario front, and Morocco annexed the part formerly controlled by Mauritania. A U.N.-brokered ceasefire was signed in 1991 between the two parties, but the sovereignty of the territory remains unresolved pending ongoing peace-talks.<ref name=CIA/>
===Historical flags=== ===Historical flags===
<gallery>
{{Gallery
File:Bandera del bando nacional 1936-1938.svg|{{FIAV|historical}} Flag of ] (1936–1938; Spanish Civil War, 1936–1939)
|File:Flag of Spain (1785-1873 and 1875-1931).svg|Flag of Spain 1884-1931
|File:Flag of Spain 1931 1939.svg|Flag of Spain 1931-1939 File:Flag of Spain (1938 - 1945).svg|{{FIAV|historical}} Flag of Spain under Franco (1938–1945; Spanish Civil War, 1936–1939)
|File:Flag of Spain 1945 1977.svg|Flag of Spain 1945-1976 File:Flag of Spain 1945 1977.svg|{{FIAV|historical}} Flag of Spain under Franco (1945–1975) and ] (1975–1977)
File:Ifni-Sahara Maritime Province Registration Ensign (1946-1975).svg|{{FIAV|historical}} Flag of the Maritime Province of ] (1946–1975)<ref>{{cite web|title=División del litorial en provincias y distritos, Diario Oficial del Ministerio de Marina|url=https://bibliotecavirtual.defensa.gob.es/BVMDefensa/i18n/catalogo_imagenes/grupo.cmd?path=124306|access-date=6 July 2021}}</ref>
|File:Flag of the Sahrawi National Union Party.svg|Flag of the ] 1974-1975
File:Flag of the Sahrawi National Union Party.svg|{{FIAV|historical}} Flag of the ] (1974–1975)
|File:Flag of Mauritania.svg|The ] was the official flag of ], the part of Western Sahara annexed by ] 1976-1979
File:1959-2017 Flag of Mauritania.svg|{{FIAV|historical}} The ] was the official flag of ], the part of Western Sahara annexed by ] (1976–1979)
}}
</gallery>
{{clear}} {{clear}}


====Moroccan regional flags (1976-1997)==== ====Moroccan regional flags (1976–1997)====
In the 1976-1997 provincial division of Morocco, three provinces included parts of Western Sahara. The provincial division was however re-organized in 1997, consequently some of these flags are no longer in official use.<ref>{{cite web|title=Subnational flags of Morocco|url=http://flagspot.net/flags/ma-.html|publisher=flagspot|accessdate=13 March 2012}}</ref> In the 1976–1997 ], three provinces included parts of Western Sahara. The provinces were, however, reorganized in 1997. Consequently, some of these flags are no longer in official use.<ref>{{cite web|title=Subnational flags of Morocco|url=http://flagspot.net/flags/ma-.html|publisher=Flagspot.net|access-date=13 March 2012}}</ref>
<gallery>
{{Gallery
|File:Flag of Laayoune province.svg|Flag of ] province. Flag of Laayoune province.svg|{{FIAV|historical}} Flag of ] province.
|File:Flag of Boujdour province.svg|Flag of ] province. Flag of Boujdour province (1976-1997).svg|{{FIAV|historical}} Flag of ] province.
|File:Flag of Dakhla province.svg|Flag of ] province. Flag of Dakhla province (1976-1997).svg|{{FIAV|historical}} Flag of ] province.
</gallery>
}}

{{clear}}
==Unicode==
The flag of Western Sahara is represented as the ] ] sequence {{unichar|1F1EA|REGIONAL INDICATOR SYMBOL LETTER E}} and {{unichar|1F1ED|REGIONAL INDICATOR SYMBOL LETTER H}}, making "🇪🇭".<ref>{{Cite web |title=🇪🇭 Flag for Western Sahara Emoji |url=https://emojipedia.org/flag-western-sahara/ |access-date= |website=Emojipedia |language=en}}</ref>


==See also== ==See also==
*] *]
*] *]
*]
*]
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==References== ==References==
{{reflist}} {{Reflist}}

==External links==
==External links==
*{{FOTW|id=eh|title=Western Sahara}} *{{FOTW|id=eh|title=Western Sahara}}


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{{nationalflags}} {{nationalflags}}


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==References==
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{{reflist}}
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==External links==
*{{FOTW|id=eh|title=Flag of Western Sahara}}
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Latest revision as of 18:27, 14 December 2024

Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
UseNational flag Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flag Reverse side is mirror image of obverse side
Proportion1:2
Adopted27 February 1976; 48 years ago (1976-02-27)
DesignA black, white, and green horizontal tricolor charged with a red star and crescent in the centre stripe and a red chevron at the hoist
Designed byEl Uali Mustafá Sayed

The national flag of Western Sahara or the flag of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic uses a national flag consisting of a black, white and green horizontal tricolor charged with a red star and crescent in the center stripe and a red chevron at the hoist. It is used on SADR-controlled areas, while the Moroccan flag is used on the occupied parts of Western Sahara.

The flag is a combination of the Pan-Arab colors of black, green, white, and red, and the Islamic symbol of the star and crescent. On 27 February 1976 the flag was adopted as the official flag of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (SADR). It is said to have been designed by El Uali Mustafá Sayed, the first president of the SADR.

Description

The flag is a tricolor of three equal horizontal stripes (black, white, and green from top to bottom) overlaid by a red triangle issuing from the hoist. These are the Pan-Arab colors. There is a red star and crescent in the middle stripe.

Man carrying the flag of Western Sahara, 2011.

The flag is similar to the flags of the Ba'ath Party, Jordan, Palestine, the Kingdom of Iraq, and the Arab Federation all of which draw their inspiration from the Arab Revolt against Ottoman rule (1916–1918). Prior to being the flag of Palestine, it was the flag of the short-lived Arab Federation of Iraq and Jordan. The flag of the Arab Revolt had the same graphic form, but the colors were arranged differently (white on the bottom, rather than in the middle).

Its design is based on that of the Palestinian flag, which in turn was derived from the colors used in the Arab Revolt. The star and crescent are considered symbols of Islam, and can be seen on flags of other neighboring Muslim-majority countries such as Algeria and Mauritania.

Western Sahara flags at a protest in Madrid, 2006.

Symbolism

The green of the flag represents the Sahrawi people's hope of one day returning to their lands and the white represents peace and the purity of the Sahrawi, while the black represents anguish and grief for the martyrs and the red represents the blood spilled by all the martyrs. The star represents the SADR being an Arab republic, while the crescent represents the Sahrawi Republic being a Muslim country.

History

In the late 19th-century Western Sahara became a Spanish colony.

During the Spanish province of Sahara, the only official flag was the flag of Spain, however, the maritime province of Villa Cisneros, which corresponds to the current territory of Western Sahara, was assigned a cornet flag that consisted of two stripes, blue the upper and yellow the lower.

Like other demarcations of Spain, such as Cantabria, which created their symbols taking as references the flags of their maritime provinces, the Saharawi National Union Party created its flag based on that of the Maritime Province of Villa Cisneros, until its entry into the Polisario Front in a meeting held on October 12, 1975, with the leadership of said movement.

After the Madrid Accords of 1975, Spain disengaged itself leaving the territory to Morocco and Mauritania, who split the territory, giving two-thirds to the former. The Polisario Front rejected this and declared in exile, the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (SADR) as the state representing an "independent" Western Sahara.

In 1979, Mauritania signed a Peace Treaty with the Polisario Front, and Morocco annexed the part formerly controlled by Mauritania.

An U.N.-brokered ceasefire was signed in 1991 between the two parties, but the sovereignty of the territory remains unresolved pending ongoing peace-talks.

Historical flags

Moroccan regional flags (1976–1997)

In the 1976–1997 provincial division of Morocco, three provinces included parts of Western Sahara. The provinces were, however, reorganized in 1997. Consequently, some of these flags are no longer in official use.

Unicode

The flag of Western Sahara is represented as the Unicode emoji sequence U+1F1EA 🇪 REGIONAL INDICATOR SYMBOL LETTER E and U+1F1ED 🇭 REGIONAL INDICATOR SYMBOL LETTER H, making "🇪🇭".

See also

References

  1. Protocol Section of the Office of the President of the Republic (June 1987)
  2. Znamierowski, Alfred (2000). Flags of the world: An illustrated guide to contemporary flags. London: Southwater. p. 93. ISBN 978-1-84215-337-6.
  3. "The Flag of Western Sahara". flagdb.com. Retrieved 8 May 2024.
  4. Mosquera, César (26 May 2021). "The flag of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic". utopix.cc. Retrieved 23 April 2023.
  5. ^ "CIA – The World Factbook". CIA. Archived from the original on 12 June 2007. Retrieved 13 March 2012.
  6. "División del litorial en provincias y distritos, Diario Oficial del Ministerio de Marina". Retrieved 6 July 2021.
  7. "Subnational flags of Morocco". Flagspot.net. Retrieved 13 March 2012.
  8. "🇪🇭 Flag for Western Sahara Emoji". Emojipedia.

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