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{{short description|American libertarian author, editor, and political consultant (born 1944)}} | |||
{{Infobox person | |||
{{Infobox officeholder | |||
|name = Lew Rockwell | |||
| |
|name = Lew Rockwell | ||
|image = Lewrockwell.jpg | |||
|image_size = 180px | |||
| |
|caption = Rockwell in 2007 | ||
|office = Chairman of the ] | |||
|birth_date = {{birth date and age|1944|7|1}} | |||
|term_start = October 1982 | |||
|birth_place = ], ] | |||
|birth_name = Llewellyn Harrison Rockwell Jr. | |||
|nationality = ] | |||
|birth_date = {{birth date and age|1944|7|1}} | |||
|occupation = Political commentator, activist, blogger | |||
| |
|birth_place = ], ], U.S. | ||
|spouse = Mardelle Rockwell | |spouse = Mardelle Rockwell | ||
|education = ] (]) | |||
|website = | |||
|website = {{URL|www.lewrockwell.com}} | |||
|influences = ], ], ], ], ], ], ], Charles C. Tansill, ], ], ] | |||
}} | |||
}}{{Austrian School sidebar}} | |||
{{anarcho-capitalism sidebar}}{{Libertarianism US|intellectuals}}{{Third-party|date=May 2023}} | |||
'''Llewellyn Harrison Rockwell Jr.''' (born July 1, 1944) is an American author, editor, and political consultant. A ] and a self-professed ],<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.lewrockwell.com/about/ |title=About |publisher=LewRockwell.com |access-date=2015-04-20 |archive-date=2015-04-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150419030203/https://www.lewrockwell.com/about/ |url-status=live }}</ref> he founded and is the chairman of the ], a non-profit promoting the ] of economics. | |||
After graduating from university, Rockwell had jobs at the conservative ], the radical-right ], and the traditionalist ].<ref name=":2">{{Cite book |last=Doherty |first=Brian |title=Radicals for Capitalism: A Freewheeling History of the Modern American Libertarian Movement |publisher=PublicAffairs |year=2009 |isbn=9780786731886 |location=United States}}</ref><ref name=":3" /> Reading the works of ], who became his mentor, led Rockwell to become an ardent believer in Austrian economics and what he calls "libertarian anarchism". Rockwell was chief of staff to Congressman ] from 1978 to 1982, and was a founding officer and former vice president at Ron Paul & Associates, which published political and investment-oriented newsletters bearing Paul's name.<ref name=":1" /><ref name="ChickAWM" /> Racist and homophobic content in ] became a controversy in Paul's later campaigns; Rockwell denied ghostwriting it but acknowledged a role in the promotion.<ref name=":4" /><ref>{{Cite news |last1=Markon |first1=Jerry |last2=Crites |first2=Alice |date=January 27, 2012 |title=Ron Paul signed off on racist 1990s newsletters, associates say |language=en-US |newspaper=Washington Post |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/ron-paul-signed-off-on-racist-newsletters-sources-say/2012/01/20/gIQAvblFVQ_story.html |access-date= |issn=0190-8286 |archive-date=May 2, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230502183931/https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/ron-paul-signed-off-on-racist-newsletters-sources-say/2012/01/20/gIQAvblFVQ_story.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Rockwell partnered with Rothbard in 1982 to found the Mises Institute in Alabama, where {{As of|2024|lc=yes}}, Rockwell still serves as chairman.<ref name="mises.org">{{cite web |title=Llewellyn H. Rockwell Jr. |url=https://mises.org/profile/llewellyn-h-rockwell-jr |website=mises.org |date=20 June 2014 |publisher=Mises Institute |access-date=23 March 2024 |ref=mises.org |archive-date=20 November 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141120232157/https://mises.org/profile/llewellyn-h-rockwell-jr |url-status=live }}</ref> | |||
'''Llewellyn Harrison''' "'''Lew'''" '''Rockwell, Jr.''' (born July 1, 1944) is an ] ] ] and ], self-professed ] <ref>''About LewRockwell.com'' http://www.lewrockwell.com/about.html</ref>, a proponent of the ] of economics, and founder and chairman of the ]. | |||
Rockwell's website, LewRockwell.com, was launched in 1999. The website features articles about political philosophy, economics, and contemporary politics. The website's motto is "anti-war, anti-state, pro-market". Rockwell, his website and the Mises Institute have promoted ] views.<ref name=":5">{{Cite book |title=Neo-Confederacy: A Critical Introduction. |publisher=University of Texas Press |year=2009 |editor-last=Sebesta |editor-first=Edward H. |location=United States |pages=33–34 |editor-last2=Hague |editor-first2=Euan |editor-last3=Beirich |editor-first3=Heidi}}</ref><ref name=":3" /><ref>{{Cite news |last=Weiner |first=Rachel |date=July 10, 2013 |title=The libertarian war over the Civil War |newspaper=] |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-fix/wp/2013/07/10/the-libertarian-war-over-the-civil-war/}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=Summer 2000 |title=The Neo-Confederates |url=https://www.splcenter.org/fighting-hate/intelligence-report/2000/neo-confederates |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160222010852/https://www.splcenter.org/fighting-hate/intelligence-report/2000/neo-confederates |archive-date=February 22, 2016 |access-date=August 29, 2018 |work=Intelligence Report |publisher=] |issue=99}}</ref> | |||
==Life and work== | |||
Rockwell was born in ], Massachusetts in 1944. His father was a "]", and Rockwell was exposed at a young age to military ].<ref name="auto">Doherty, Brian. , ''Mises.org''. 1999. Orig. published by ''SpintechMag.org''. 12 May 1999.</ref> He was introduced to the ] thought of the ] and Austrian schools of economics when he received ]'s '']'' as a gift from a family friend on his twelfth birthday.<ref name="auto" /> Later in his youth, Rockwell became disaffected with mainstream conservatism.<ref name="auto" /> | |||
== |
==Life and career== | ||
Rockwell was born in ], ], in 1944. After college,{{Specify|date=October 2023}} Rockwell worked at ]{{When|date=October 2023}} and became acquainted with the works of ].<ref name="auto">Doherty, Brian. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141022181604/http://mises.org/daily/2274/ |date=2014-10-22 }}, ''Mises.org''. 1999. Orig. published by ''SpintechMag.org''. May 12, 1999.</ref> | |||
After college, Rockwell worked at Arlington House publishers as an editor of books by authors including Bill Rickenbacker, ], and ]. There, he became acquainted with the works of ].<ref name="auto" /> | |||
A former lifetime member of the radical-right ], Rockwell worked in its Member's Monthly Message Department before resigning amid disputes with the society's leaders.{{When|date=October 2023}}<ref name=":3">{{Cite book |last=Dallek |first=Matthew |title=Birchers: How the John Birch Society Radicalized the American Right |publisher=Basic Books |year=2023 |location=United States }}</ref> In the mid-1970s, Rockwell worked at the traditionalist ] in fundraising and public relations.<ref name="auto" /><ref name=":2" /> | |||
In the mid-1970s Rockwell worked at ].<ref name="auto" /> George Roche had become president of the college in 1971.<ref>Michaelson, Mark G. , ''The American Spectator'', 12 May 2006.</ref> Rockwell worked in fundraising and public relations. He started the Hillsdale College Press, and founded the school's monthly publication, '']'' which were praised by ] for being "the most financially successful newsletter in history, raising several hundred million dollars for Hillsdale." <ref name="auto" /><ref>North, Gary. "How Lew Rockwell Copied Leonard E. Read and Took Over the Libertarian Movement." ''GaryNorth.com''. 26 May 2009. </ref> | |||
Rockwell met the anarcho-capitalist ] in 1975 and credits Rothbard with convincing him to abandon ] and reject the state completely.<ref name=":8" /><ref name="auto" /> In 1985, Rockwell was named a contributing editor to ''Conservative Digest''.<ref>Berlet, Chip. ''The Write Stuff: U. S. Serial Print Culture from Conservatives out to Neonazis,'' ''Library Trends'' – Volume 56, Number 3, Winter 2008, pp. 570–600.</ref> Rockwell also served as Vice President of the ] in ],{{When|date=October 2023}} which published the ''Rothbard-Rockwell Report''.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Weisberg |first=J. |date=1991 |title=Hunter Gatherers |volume=205, n. 10 |pages=14–16 |magazine=New Republic}}</ref> Rockwell was closely associated with Rothbard until Rothbard's death in 1995. | |||
Rockwell met Murray Rothbard in 1975 while working for Hillsdale. Rockwell credits Rothbard with convincing him to reject ] completely, saying "I cannot remember the day that I finally came around to the position that the state is unnecessary and destructive by its nature – that it cannot improve on, and indeed only destroys, the social and economic system that grows out of property rights, exchange, and natural social authority – but I do know that it was Rothbard who finally convinced me to take this last step."<ref name="auto" /> | |||
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=== Work for Ron Paul (1978–) === | ||
{{ |
{{Further|Ron Paul}} | ||
Rockwell |
Rockwell was Ron Paul's congressional chief of staff from 1978 to 1982<ref>Berlau, John. '' {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050527223733/http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1571/is_n5_v13/ai_19092301 |date=May 27, 2005 }}'' ]. February 10, 1997.</ref><ref>], ], '' {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100306171953/http://www.thenation.com/doc/20071224/hayes |date=2010-03-06 }}'', December 6, 2007, retrieved January 14, 2008</ref> and was a consultant to Paul's 1988 ] campaign for President of the United States.<ref>"Campaign staffs announced", {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210428034415/http://lp.org/ |date=2021-04-28 }}, May/June 1987, 10</ref> He was vice-chair of the ] for Paul's run for the 1992 Republican Party nomination for president.<ref>], "Ron Paul for President Exploratory Committee" fundraising letter, October 1, 1991.</ref> | ||
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===Ron Paul newsletters=== | ||
{{Further|Ron Paul newsletters}} | |||
{{Libertarianism sidebar}} | |||
{{Main|Ludwig von Mises Institute}} | |||
In 1982, Rockwell founded the ] in ] and was its president until the summer of 2009, when he transitioned to the position of Chairman of the Board.<ref> at website.</ref> He also is Vice President of the ] in ] and publisher of the political ] ]. Rockwell was closely associated with his teacher and colleague Murray Rothbard until Rothbard's death in 1995. Rockwell's political ideology, like Rothbard's in his later years, combines a form of ] with ] and the Austrian School of economics. He also advocates ] concepts as a means of promoting freedom from central government, and also advocates secession for the same political ] reasons. Rockwell has called ] "n ideology as pitiless and Messianic as ]."<ref>Rockwell, L. H., Jr. (1990). "An anti-environmentalist manifesto." ''From The Right'', Quarterly II, 1(6), 1. (newsletter of Patrick J. Buchanan), p. 1; Llewellyn H. Rockwell, Jr. , May 1, 2000 version published by ]</ref> | |||
Rockwell was a founding officer and former vice president at Ron Paul & Associates,<ref name=Reason01-08>{{cite web |url=http://reason.com/archives/2008/01/16/who-wrote-ron-pauls-newsletter |title=Who Wrote Ron Paul's Newsletters? |publisher=Reason.com |date=January 16, 2008 |access-date=2013-04-30 |archive-date=2009-10-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091026184333/http://reason.com/archives/2008/01/16/who-wrote-ron-pauls-newsletter |url-status=live }}</ref> which was one of the publishers of a variety of political and investment-oriented newsletters bearing Paul's name.<ref name=":1">The newsletters had various names: ''Dr. Ron Paul's Freedom Report'' ({{OCLC |38365640 |15124395}}), ''The Ron Paul Survival Report'' ({{OCLC |27301727}}), the ''Ron Paul Investment Letter'' ({{OCLC |27301651}}), and the ''Ron Paul Political Report'' ({{OCLC |31695178}}).</ref><ref name= ChickAWM>{{cite news |last=Kirchick |first=James |author-link=James Kirchick |title=Angry White Man: The Bigoted Past of Ron Paul |url=http://www.tnr.com/article/politics/angry-white-man |access-date=February 17, 2012 |newspaper=The New Republic |date=January 8, 2008 |archive-date=December 29, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111229200926/http://www.tnr.com/article/politics/angry-white-man |url-status=live }}</ref> | |||
The Mises Institute published Rockwell's ''Speaking of Liberty'', an anthology of editorials which were originally published on his website, along with transcripts from some of his speaking engagements. Rockwell and the ] together publish the '']''. | |||
In January 2008, during ], ] of '']'' uncovered a collection of Ron Paul newsletters that contained "decades worth of obsession with conspiracies, sympathy for the right-wing militia movement, and deeply held bigotry against blacks, Jews, and gays."<ref name= ChickAWM/><ref name=Collection>{{cite magazine |title=TNR Exclusive: A Collection of Ron Paul's Most Incendiary Newsletters |magazine=The New Republic |date=December 23, 2011 |url=https://newrepublic.com/article/politics/98883/ron-paul-incendiary-newsletters-exclusive |access-date=2012-01-13 |archive-date=2015-11-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151105123622/http://www.newrepublic.com/article/politics/98883/ron-paul-incendiary-newsletters-exclusive |url-status=live }}</ref> For instance, one issue approved of the slogan "Sodomy = Death" and said homosexuals suffering from HIV/AIDS "enjoy the pity and attention that comes with being sick".<ref name= ChickAWM/> | |||
], Rockwell, economist and philosopher ], and ].]] | |||
Most of the articles contained no bylines.<ref name= ChickAWM/> Numerous sources alleged that Rockwell had ghostwritten the controversial newsletters;<ref name=NYT2011>Jim Rutenberg and Serge F. Kovaleski, {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201008142928/https://www.nytimes.com/2011/12/26/us/politics/ron-paul-disowns-extremists-views-but-doesnt-disavow-the-support.html?pagewanted=all&_r=1& |date=2020-10-08 }}, '']'', December 25, 2011.</ref> Rockwell is listed as "contributing editor" on physical copies of some newsletters<ref name = WashPost12-11>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/fact-checker/post/ron-paul-and-the-racist-newsletters-fact-checker-biography/2011/12/21/gIQAKNiwBP_blog.html |title=Ron Paul and the racist newsletters (Fact Checker biography) |newspaper=The Washington Post |date=December 27, 2011 |access-date=2013-04-30 |first=Josh |last=Hicks |archive-date=2013-05-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130503170325/http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/fact-checker/post/ron-paul-and-the-racist-newsletters-fact-checker-biography/2011/12/21/gIQAKNiwBP_blog.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tnr.com/sites/default/files/masthead.pdf |title=Masthead of a 1987 Ron Paul Investment Letter |access-date=2013-01-21 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130121051947/http://www.tnr.com/sites/default/files/masthead.pdf |archive-date=January 21, 2013 }}</ref> and listed as sole Editor of the May 1988 "Ron Paul investment Newsletter".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tnr.com/sites/default/files/InvestmentLetterMay1988.pdf |title=May 1988 "Ron Paul investment Newsletter" |access-date=2013-01-21 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130121052119/http://www.tnr.com/sites/default/files/InvestmentLetterMay1988.pdf |archive-date=January 21, 2013 }}</ref> ''Reason'' magazine reported that "a half-dozen longtime libertarian activists – including some still close to Paul" had identified Rockwell as the "chief ghostwriter" of the newsletters,<ref name=Reason01-08/> as did former Ron Paul Chief of Staff (1981–1985) John W. Robbins.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2008/01/18/likely-author-of-shocking_n_82139.html |title=Likely Author of Shocking Ron Paul Letters Exposed |publisher=Huffingtonpost.com |date=January 18, 2008 |access-date=2013-04-30 |first=Will |last=Thomas |archive-date=2013-09-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130920230807/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2008/01/18/likely-author-of-shocking_n_82139.html |url-status=live }}</ref> | |||
===Paleolibertarianism=== | |||
{{Main|Paleolibertarianism}} | |||
In 1985, Rockwell was named a contributing editor to ''Conservative Digest''.<ref>Berlet, Chip. ''The Write Stuff: U. S. Serial Print Culture from Conservatives out to Neonazis,'' ''Library Trends'' – Volume 56, Number 3, Winter 2008, pp. 570–600.</ref> During the 1990s Rothbard, Rockwell and others described their views as ] to emphasize their commitment to ], even as they continued to hold hardcore anti-state beliefs.<ref>Llewellyn H. Rockwell, Jr. "The Case for Paleo-libertarianism" in '']'' magazine, January, 1990, 34–38.</ref> Rockwell no longer uses the term to describe his ideas, including because others confused them with ] which they rejected.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.lewrockwell.com/rockwell/liberal-post-interview.html|title=Do You Consider Yourself a Libertarian?|last=Johnsson|first=Kenny |publisher=LewRockwell.com|accessdate=2008-07-02}}</ref><ref>, Kenny Johnsson interviews Lew Rockwell for , as posted on , May 25, 2007.</ref> | |||
Rockwell admitted to Kirchick that he was "involved in the promotion" of the newsletters and wrote the subscription letters but denied ghostwriting the articles. He said there were "seven or eight freelancers involved at various stages" of the newsletter's history and indicated another individual who had "left in unfortunate circumstances" and "is now long gone", but whom he did not identify, was in charge of editing and publishing the newsletters.<ref name=":4">{{cite magazine |last=Kirchick |first=James |url=https://newrepublic.com/blog/the-plank/who-wrote-ron-pauls-newsletters |title=Who Wrote Ron Paul's Newsletters? |magazine=New Republic |date=10 January 2008 |access-date=2013-04-30 |archive-date=2013-05-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130505081611/http://www.newrepublic.com/blog/the-plank/who-wrote-ron-pauls-newsletters |url-status=live }}</ref> Rockwell has described discussion of the newsletters scandal as "hysterical smears aimed at political enemies."<ref>{{cite web |last=Rockwell |first=Llewellyn |date=January 8, 2008 |title=The New 'Republic' |url=http://www.lewrockwell.com/lrc-blog/the-new-republic/ |work=LewRockwell.com |access-date=August 12, 2023 |archive-date=August 12, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230812080003/https://www.lewrockwell.com/lrc-blog/the-new-republic/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Ron Paul himself repudiated the newsletters' content and said he was not involved in the daily operations of the newsletters or saw much of their content until years later.<ref name=NYT2011/> In 2011, Paul's spokesperson Jesse Benton said that Paul had "taken moral responsibility because they appeared under his name and slipped through under his watch".<ref>Jackie Kucinich, {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200825101726/http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/news/politics/story/2011-12-21/ron-paul-racist-newsletters/52147878/1 |date=2020-08-25 }}, USA TODAY, December 21, 2011.</ref> | |||
===LewRockwell.com=== | |||
{{Main|LewRockwell.com}} | |||
] features a selection of articles, including positions opposing war and ] along with support for Austrian economics.. The site also carries essays which argue against the participation of the United States in the ], speculation about an end of the United States as a cohesive union, and assertions the Western world is threatened by an intersection of ] and socialism as politicians and states centralize their power.<ref>Rogers, Mike. "Dying For the Emperor? No Way." ''LewRockwell.com''. 12 October 2005. </ref><ref>Gonella, Jason. "The Decline and Fall of the United States Empire." ''LewRockwell.com''. 9 December 2004 </ref><ref>DiLorenzo, Thomas J. "Economic Fascism" ''LewRockwell.com''. 23 November 2004. </ref> These writings are sometimes controversial and have brought harsh criticism from some on the political right.<ref name="Laksin">Laksin, Jacob. "The Right's Left Turn." '']''. 5 October 2005. </ref><ref>Goldberg, Jonah. "Farewell, Lew Rockwell: The final word." ''National Review Online''. 7 March 2001. </ref> | |||
The website also provides podcasts featuring Rockwell's interviews of various scholars and writers, including many affiliated with the ]. He also hosts a blog for himself and other contributors at . | |||
=== Mises Institute (1982–) === | |||
==Involvement with racist, anti-gay newsletter== | |||
{{Further|Mises Institute}} | |||
{{POV|section|date=April 2013}} | |||
In 1982, Rockwell founded the Ludwig von Mises Institute in ], and is chairman of the board.<ref> {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120202063910/http://mises.org/about.aspx |date=2012-02-02 }} at {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090319003723/http://mises.org/ |date=2009-03-19 }} website.</ref> | |||
Reports from '']'',<ref name=NYT2011>http://www.nytimes.com/2011/12/26/us/politics/ron-paul-disowns-extremists-views-but-doesnt-disavow-the-support.html?pagewanted=all&_r=1& racist</ref> '']'',<ref>http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/fact-checker/post/ron-paul-and-the-racist-newsletters-fact-checker-biography/2011/12/21/gIQAKNiwBP_blog.html</ref> and '']''<ref>http://www.economist.com/blogs/democracyinamerica/2008/01/the_rockwell_files</ref> said Rockwell oversaw the production of racially charged "Ron Paul Political Report" newsletters written on behalf of Congressman Ron Paul. The newsletters regularly featured derogatory remarks about minority groups. For example, African Americans were described by the newsletters as "animals,"<ref>http://reason.com/blog/2011/12/22/ron-paul-newsletters-not-going-away-but</ref> 95% of whom are (asserts the newsletters) criminals; <ref name=USAToday2011>http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/news/politics/story/2011-12-21/ron-paul-racist-newsletters/52147878/1</ref> homosexuals suffering from HIV were said to "enjoy the pity and attention that comes with being sick," with AIDS itself (and death and suffering generally) characterized as a predictable outcome of homosexual conduct.<ref>http://www.newrepublic.com/article/politics/angry-white-man#</ref> Research conducted by ] magazine found that "a half-dozen longtime libertarian activists—including some still close to Paul" had identified Rockwell as the "chief ghostwriter" of the inflammatory newsletters.<ref>http://reason.com/archives/2008/01/16/who-wrote-ron-pauls-newsletter</ref> Rockwell has acknowledged <ref>http://www.newrepublic.com/blog/the-plank/who-wrote-ron-pauls-newsletters</ref> his involvement in promoting and writing subscription letters for the Ron Paul newsletters but denied the charge of ghostwriting the newsletters themselves, and has called the accusations "hysterical smears aimed at political enemies."<ref>http://www.lewrockwell.com/blog/lewrw/archives/018420.html</ref> | |||
The Mises Institute published Rockwell's ''Speaking of Liberty'', an anthology of editorials which were originally published on his website, along with transcripts from some of his speaking engagements. The institute hosted conferences on ];<ref name=":5" /> Rockwell wrote before a 1995 conference, "We'll explore what causes and how to promote it."<ref name="ChickAWM" /> | |||
Ron Paul himself has repudiated the newsletters' content and stated he was not involved in the daily operations of the newsletters and never saw much of its conduct until years later.<ref name=NYT2011/> However, Renae Hathway, a former secretary of the company which produced the newsletters and a supporter of Ron Paul's 2012 presidential run, contradicted Paul's account. Speaking to ], Hathway said that Ron Paul "always got to see the final" pre-publication copy of the newsletter, and that "he would proof it."<ref>http://articles.washingtonpost.com/2012-01-27/politics/35438143_1_controversial-newsletters-ron-paul-survival-report-jesse-benton</ref> | |||
], Rockwell, economist and philosopher ], and ].]] | |||
===Paleolibertarianism (1980s–2000s)=== | |||
{{Further|Paleolibertarianism}} | |||
Rothbard, Rockwell and others described their views as ] to describe their ] fused with their otherwise anti-statist beliefs.<ref name=":8">{{Cite book |last=Hawley |first=George |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/925410917 |title=Right-wing critics of American conservatism |date=2016 |publisher=University Press of Kansas |isbn=978-0-7006-2193-4 |location=Lawrence |pages=164–171 |oclc=925410917}}</ref><ref>Llewellyn H. Rockwell, Jr. "The Case for Paleo-libertarianism" in '']'' magazine, January 1990, 34–38.</ref> They forged a "paleo alliance" between paleolibertarians and ] in the form of the ] in 1989, which allied the Mises Institute and the paleoconservative ].<ref name=":8" /><ref name=":122">{{Cite journal |last1=Olsen |first1=Niklas |last2=Slobodian |first2=Quinn |date=April 2022 |title=Locating Ludwig von Mises: Introduction |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/article/855166 |journal=] |language=en |volume=83 |issue=2 |pages=257–267 |doi=10.1353/jhi.2022.0012 |issn=1086-3222 |pmid=35603613 |s2cid=248987154 |access-date=2023-10-09 |archive-date=2022-05-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220531140710/https://muse.jhu.edu/article/855166 |url-status=live }}</ref> | |||
In a 2007 interview, Rockwell revealed he no longer considered himself a "paleolibertarian" and was "happy with the term libertarian." He explained "the term paleolibertarian became confused because of its association with paleoconservative, so it came to mean some sort of socially conservative libertarian, which wasn't the point at all...."<ref>Kenny Johnsson, {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190804094434/https://www.lewrockwell.com/2007/05/lew-rockwell/do-you-consider-yourself-a-libertarian/ |date=2019-08-04 }}, interview with Lew Rockwell, May 25, 2007.</ref> | |||
===LewRockwell.com (1999–)=== | |||
Rockwell's website, LewRockwell.com, formed in 1999, features articles and blog entries by various columnists and writers.<ref name=":8" /> Its motto is "anti-war, anti-state, pro-market".<ref> {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220515101553/https://archive.lewrockwell.com/about/ |date=2022-05-15 }}; {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220314081718/https://archive.lewrockwell.com/columnists.html |date=2022-03-14 }} listing; {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140313192829/http://archive.lewrockwell.com/blog/ |date=2014-03-13 }} at LewRockwell.com website.</ref> There also is a weekly podcast called ''The Lew Rockwell Show''.<ref> {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220515101531/https://archive.lewrockwell.com/lewrockwell-show/ |date=2022-05-15 }}.</ref> {{As of|2017|March}}, it was in the top 10,000 websites in the United States.<ref> {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220818195536/https://www.alexa.com/search?q=lewrockwell.com&r=home_home&p=bigtop |date=2022-08-18 }}, ''accessed May 5, 2013.''</ref> LewRockwell.com publishes articles questioning United States participation in ], opposing "economic fascism" and supporting Austrian economics and ]ism.<ref>For example: Rogers, Mike. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220314082410/https://archive.lewrockwell.com/rogers/rogers178.html |date=2022-03-14 }} ''LewRockwell.com''. October 12, 2005; Gonella, Jason. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220324072649/https://archive.lewrockwell.com/orig3/gonella4.html |date=2022-03-24 }} ''LewRockwell.com''. December 9, 2004; DiLorenzo, Thomas J. "Economic Fascism" ''LewRockwell.com''. November 23, 2004.</ref>{{Third-party inline|date=May 2023}} The website is primarily home to ] authors, although ] anti-war writers have been featured.<ref>{{Cite web |title=LewRockwell.com |url=https://www.lewrockwell.com/ |access-date=2021-04-09 |website=LewRockwell |language=en |archive-date=2015-06-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150618044952/http://archive.lewrockwell.com/ |url-status=live }}</ref>{{Third-party inline|date=May 2023}} The academic Tanni Haas wrote in his 2011 book on political bloggers that of the 20 figures he interviewed, "none have more radical views" than Rockwell, whose avowed goal was to "do everything he can to undermine the state".<ref>{{Cite book |last=Haas |first=Tanni |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt1cg4jqm |title=Making it in the Political Blogosphere |date=2011-11-08 |publisher=The Lutterworth Press |isbn=978-0-7188-4015-0 |pages=92|doi=10.2307/j.ctt1cg4jqm }}</ref> | |||
] of '']'' wrote that the site's "Mises Institute-associated writers" tend to emphasize the domestic and international fallout from government action.<ref>{{cite web|last=Doherty|first=Brian|title=Libertarianism in an Age of Economic Crisis: Why being truculent, oppositional, and hard to pigeonhole are not signs of ideological death|url=http://reason.com/archives/2009/02/16/libertarianism-in-an-age-of-ec|work=Reason|author-link=Brian Doherty (journalist)|date=February 16, 2009|access-date=August 30, 2017|archive-date=August 30, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170830152651/http://reason.com/archives/2009/02/16/libertarianism-in-an-age-of-ec|url-status=live}}</ref> ] writer ] of '']'' wrote that the site regularly hosts invective against icons of American mainstream conservatism, including ''National Review'', '']'', ], and ]<ref name=Goldberg>{{cite journal|last=Goldberg|first=Jonah|title=Farewell, Lew Rockwell. The final word|journal=]|date=March 7, 2001|url=http://old.nationalreview.com/nr_comment/nr_comment030701b.shtml|author-link=Jonah Goldberg|quote=The site also features regular screeds about how Abraham Lincoln was a murderous war criminal, how the American military is a hotbed of criminal imperialism and murderous warmongering, and why Southern secession not only was honorable and noble but how it still is a viable option.|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130928032704/http://old.nationalreview.com/nr_comment/nr_comment030701b.shtml|archive-date=September 28, 2013|df=mdy-all}} In this article, Goldberg was responding to criticisms of another article he had written about the website.</ref> A writer in '']'' described the site as paleolibertarian and "an indispensable source" of news on Ron Paul.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Antle III|first=W. James|title=The Paleocon Dilemma… The Ron Paul campaign illustrates the choices facing the antiwar Right|journal=]|date=January 14, 2008|url=http://www.theamericanconservative.com/articles/the-paleocon-dilemma/|quote= decade ago...Rockwell hoped to mobilize grassroots conservatives on behalf of anti-statism, during the Bush era he has detected a whiff of 'red-state fascism' among the Republican base. Other writers prefer terms like 'neoconofascist'.|access-date=August 30, 2017|archive-date=August 30, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170830152542/http://www.theamericanconservative.com/articles/the-paleocon-dilemma/|url-status=live}}</ref> The site published '']'' articles by the conspiracy theorist ] from 2011 to 2016.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Finlayson |first=Alan |date=February 2022 |title=YouTube and Political Ideologies: Technology, Populism and Rhetorical Form |journal=Political Studies |language=en |volume=70 |issue=1 |pages=62–80 |doi=10.1177/0032321720934630 |s2cid=225642501 |issn=0032-3217 |doi-access=free }}</ref> The site has been criticized for presenting articles which advocate ], the view that HIV does not cause AIDS,<ref name=":0">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_mtDBCDwxugC&q=Lew+Rockwell|title=Denying AIDS: Conspiracy Theories, Pseudoscience, and Human Tragedy|last1=Kalichman|first1=Seth|last2=Nattrass|first2=Nicoli|publisher=]|year=2008|isbn=978-0-387-79475-4|location=New York, London|pages=49–53, 142, 182, 191|oclc=390487079}} | |||
* For the 2006 LRC conference, see: {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220515101714/https://archive.lewrockwell.com/1970/01/burton-s-blumert/come-to-the-lrc-conference/ |date=2022-05-15 }} | |||
* For ]'s LRC response to Farber, Celia (March 2006). "Out of Control: AIDS and the Corruption of Medical Science". ''Harper's'', vol. 312, no. 1870, pp. 37–52, {{OCLC|100240598}}; {{ISSN|0017-789X}}; see: | |||
* For Rebecca Culshaw's LRC article, see: {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220515101627/https://archive.lewrockwell.com/2006/03/rebecca-v-culshaw/why-i-quit-hiv/ |date=2022-05-15 }}, LewRockwell.com, March 3, 2006.</ref> and the ].<ref>Gorski, David (June 22, 2009). {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220408141939/https://sciencebasedmedicine.org/cranks-quacks-and-peer-review/ |date=2022-04-08 }} Science-based medicine. Author is Assistant Professor of Medicine (Surgery) at Wayne State University (holding an M.D. and Ph.D. in Cellular Biology from Case Western University)</ref> | |||
===Other activities and views=== | |||
].]] | |||
Rockwell's ] ideology, like Rothbard's in his later years, combines a ] theory of anarcho-capitalism based on ] with the ] values and concerns of ], and he identifies strongly with the modern Rothbardian tradition of Austrian economics. In politics, he advocates ] or ] policies as means to achieve increasing degrees of freedom from central government and ] for the same political ] reasons. Rockwell has called ] "an ideology as pitiless and Messianic as ]."<ref>Rockwell, L. H., Jr. (1990). "An anti-environmentalist manifesto." ''From The Right'', Quarterly II, 1(6), 1. (newsletter of Patrick J. Buchanan), p. 1; Llewellyn H. Rockwell, Jr. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220515101623/https://archive.lewrockwell.com/rockwell/anti-enviro.html |date=2022-05-15 }}, May 1, 2000 version published by ]</ref>{{npsn|date=February 2021}} | |||
Rockwell is ].<ref>{{cite web |author=Matthews, Steve |date=January 7, 2018 |title=Anti-Protestant: Lew Rockwell's Ongoing Attack on the Reformation |url=https://luxlucet.me/2018/01/07/anti-protestant-lew-rockwells-ongoing-attack-on-the-reformation/ |accessdate=September 24, 2023 |work=Lux Lucet |archive-date=October 9, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231009100132/https://luxlucet.me/2018/01/07/anti-protestant-lew-rockwells-ongoing-attack-on-the-reformation/ |url-status=live }}</ref>{{SPS|date=September 2023}} | |||
== Books == | == Books == | ||
===Author=== | ===Author=== | ||
*''Speaking of Liberty'' (2003; online ) ISBN |
* ''Speaking of Liberty'' (2003; online ) {{ISBN|0-945466-38-2}} | ||
*''The Left, The Right, and The State'' (2008; online ) ISBN |
* ''The Left, The Right, and The State'' (2008; online ) {{ISBN|978-1-933550-20-6}} | ||
* ''Against the State: An Anarcho-Capitalist Manifesto'' (2014) {{ISBN|0990463109}} | |||
* ''Fascism vs. Capitalism'' (2013) {{ISBN|1494399806}} | |||
* ''Against The Left: A Rothbardian Libertarianism'' (2019) {{ISBN|978-0-9904631-5-3}} | |||
===Editor=== | ===Editor=== | ||
*''Man, Economy, and Liberty: Essays in Honor of Murray N. Rothbard'' (with ]) (1986; online ) ISBN |
* ''Man, Economy, and Liberty: Essays in Honor of Murray N. Rothbard'' (with ]) (1986; online ) {{ISBN|99911-786-2-7}} | ||
*''The Free Market Reader'' (1988; online )ISBN |
* ''The Free Market Reader'' (1988; online ){{ISBN|0-945466-02-1}} | ||
*''The Economics of Liberty'' (1990; online ) ISBN |
* ''The Economics of Liberty'' (1990; online ) {{ISBN|0-945466-08-0}} | ||
*''The Gold Standard: Perspectives in the Austrian School'' (1992; online ), ISBN |
* ''The Gold Standard: Perspectives in the Austrian School'' (1992; online ), {{ISBN|0-945466-11-0}} | ||
*''Murray N. Rothbard: In Memoriam'' (1995; online ) ISBN |
* ''Murray N. Rothbard: In Memoriam'' (1995; online ) {{ISBN|0-945466-19-6}} | ||
*''The Irrepressible Rothbard'' (2000; online – Rockwell's ) ISBN |
* ''The Irrepressible Rothbard'' (2000; online – Rockwell's ) {{ISBN|1-883959-02-0}} | ||
== |
==Further reading== | ||
* Goldberg, Jonah. '']''. March 7, 2001. | |||
{{reflist|2}} | |||
== See also == | |||
{{Portal|Libertarianism}} | |||
* ] | |||
* ] | |||
* ] | |||
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* ] | |||
* ] | |||
* ] | |||
* ] | |||
* ] | |||
== References == | |||
{{reflist}} | |||
== External links == | == External links == | ||
{{wikiquote}} | {{wikiquote}} | ||
* |
* {{official|https://www.lewrockwell.com/}} | ||
* {{IMDb name|8034678}} | |||
* | |||
* {{C-SPAN|32368}} | |||
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* {{cite web | |||
| url =http://www.mises.org/daily/1923/My-Speech-at-the-Antiwar-Rally | |||
| title =My Speech at the Antiwar Rally | |||
| last1 =Rockwell Jr. | |||
| first1 =Llewellyn H. | |||
| authorlink1 = | |||
| date =September 25, 2005 | |||
| work =Mises Daily | |||
| publisher =] | |||
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| accessdate =September 4, 2012 | |||
}} | |||
* {{cite web | |||
| url =http://lewrockwell.com/rockwell/tragedy-of-immigration-enforcement181.html | |||
| title =The Tragedy of Immigration Enforcement | |||
| last1 =Rockwell Jr. | |||
| first1 =Llewellyn H. | |||
| authorlink1 = | |||
| date =May 31, 2011 | |||
| work =] | |||
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}} | |||
*"." Mises.org Podcast. 9 December 2005. | |||
*Lew Rockwell's Articles: at , & , and . | |||
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{{History of economic thought}} | |||
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{{Persondata <!-- Metadata: see ]. --> | |||
| NAME = Rockwell, Lew | |||
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| DATE OF BIRTH = 1 July 1944 | |||
| PLACE OF BIRTH = Boston, Massachusetts | |||
| DATE OF DEATH = | |||
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}} | |||
{{DEFAULTSORT:Rockwell, Lew}} | {{DEFAULTSORT:Rockwell, Lew}} | ||
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Latest revision as of 16:51, 27 June 2024
American libertarian author, editor, and political consultant (born 1944)Lew Rockwell | |
---|---|
Rockwell in 2007 | |
Chairman of the Mises Institute | |
Incumbent | |
Assumed office October 1982 | |
Personal details | |
Born | Llewellyn Harrison Rockwell Jr. (1944-07-01) July 1, 1944 (age 80) Boston, Massachusetts, U.S. |
Spouse | Mardelle Rockwell |
Education | Tufts University (BA) |
Website | www |
This article may rely excessively on sources too closely associated with the subject, potentially preventing the article from being verifiable and neutral. Please help improve it by replacing them with more appropriate citations to reliable, independent, third-party sources. (May 2023) (Learn how and when to remove this message) |
Llewellyn Harrison Rockwell Jr. (born July 1, 1944) is an American author, editor, and political consultant. A libertarian and a self-professed anarcho-capitalist, he founded and is the chairman of the Mises Institute, a non-profit promoting the Austrian School of economics.
After graduating from university, Rockwell had jobs at the conservative Arlington House Publishers, the radical-right John Birch Society, and the traditionalist Hillsdale College. Reading the works of Murray Rothbard, who became his mentor, led Rockwell to become an ardent believer in Austrian economics and what he calls "libertarian anarchism". Rockwell was chief of staff to Congressman Ron Paul from 1978 to 1982, and was a founding officer and former vice president at Ron Paul & Associates, which published political and investment-oriented newsletters bearing Paul's name. Racist and homophobic content in those newsletters became a controversy in Paul's later campaigns; Rockwell denied ghostwriting it but acknowledged a role in the promotion. Rockwell partnered with Rothbard in 1982 to found the Mises Institute in Alabama, where as of 2024, Rockwell still serves as chairman.
Rockwell's website, LewRockwell.com, was launched in 1999. The website features articles about political philosophy, economics, and contemporary politics. The website's motto is "anti-war, anti-state, pro-market". Rockwell, his website and the Mises Institute have promoted neo-Confederate views.
Life and career
Rockwell was born in Boston, Massachusetts, in 1944. After college, Rockwell worked at Arlington House publishers and became acquainted with the works of Ludwig von Mises.
A former lifetime member of the radical-right John Birch Society, Rockwell worked in its Member's Monthly Message Department before resigning amid disputes with the society's leaders. In the mid-1970s, Rockwell worked at the traditionalist Hillsdale College in fundraising and public relations.
Rockwell met the anarcho-capitalist Murray Rothbard in 1975 and credits Rothbard with convincing him to abandon minarchism and reject the state completely. In 1985, Rockwell was named a contributing editor to Conservative Digest. Rockwell also served as Vice President of the Center for Libertarian Studies in Burlingame, California, which published the Rothbard-Rockwell Report. Rockwell was closely associated with Rothbard until Rothbard's death in 1995.
Work for Ron Paul (1978–)
Further information: Ron PaulRockwell was Ron Paul's congressional chief of staff from 1978 to 1982 and was a consultant to Paul's 1988 Libertarian Party campaign for President of the United States. He was vice-chair of the exploratory committee for Paul's run for the 1992 Republican Party nomination for president.
Ron Paul newsletters
Further information: Ron Paul newslettersRockwell was a founding officer and former vice president at Ron Paul & Associates, which was one of the publishers of a variety of political and investment-oriented newsletters bearing Paul's name.
In January 2008, during Ron Paul's 2008 presidential campaign, James Kirchick of The New Republic uncovered a collection of Ron Paul newsletters that contained "decades worth of obsession with conspiracies, sympathy for the right-wing militia movement, and deeply held bigotry against blacks, Jews, and gays." For instance, one issue approved of the slogan "Sodomy = Death" and said homosexuals suffering from HIV/AIDS "enjoy the pity and attention that comes with being sick".
Most of the articles contained no bylines. Numerous sources alleged that Rockwell had ghostwritten the controversial newsletters; Rockwell is listed as "contributing editor" on physical copies of some newsletters and listed as sole Editor of the May 1988 "Ron Paul investment Newsletter". Reason magazine reported that "a half-dozen longtime libertarian activists – including some still close to Paul" had identified Rockwell as the "chief ghostwriter" of the newsletters, as did former Ron Paul Chief of Staff (1981–1985) John W. Robbins.
Rockwell admitted to Kirchick that he was "involved in the promotion" of the newsletters and wrote the subscription letters but denied ghostwriting the articles. He said there were "seven or eight freelancers involved at various stages" of the newsletter's history and indicated another individual who had "left in unfortunate circumstances" and "is now long gone", but whom he did not identify, was in charge of editing and publishing the newsletters. Rockwell has described discussion of the newsletters scandal as "hysterical smears aimed at political enemies." Ron Paul himself repudiated the newsletters' content and said he was not involved in the daily operations of the newsletters or saw much of their content until years later. In 2011, Paul's spokesperson Jesse Benton said that Paul had "taken moral responsibility because they appeared under his name and slipped through under his watch".
Mises Institute (1982–)
Further information: Mises InstituteIn 1982, Rockwell founded the Ludwig von Mises Institute in Auburn, Alabama, and is chairman of the board.
The Mises Institute published Rockwell's Speaking of Liberty, an anthology of editorials which were originally published on his website, along with transcripts from some of his speaking engagements. The institute hosted conferences on secession; Rockwell wrote before a 1995 conference, "We'll explore what causes and how to promote it."
Paleolibertarianism (1980s–2000s)
Further information: PaleolibertarianismRothbard, Rockwell and others described their views as paleolibertarian to describe their cultural conservatism fused with their otherwise anti-statist beliefs. They forged a "paleo alliance" between paleolibertarians and paleoconservatives in the form of the John Randolph Club in 1989, which allied the Mises Institute and the paleoconservative Rockford Institute.
In a 2007 interview, Rockwell revealed he no longer considered himself a "paleolibertarian" and was "happy with the term libertarian." He explained "the term paleolibertarian became confused because of its association with paleoconservative, so it came to mean some sort of socially conservative libertarian, which wasn't the point at all...."
LewRockwell.com (1999–)
Rockwell's website, LewRockwell.com, formed in 1999, features articles and blog entries by various columnists and writers. Its motto is "anti-war, anti-state, pro-market". There also is a weekly podcast called The Lew Rockwell Show. As of March 2017, it was in the top 10,000 websites in the United States. LewRockwell.com publishes articles questioning United States participation in World War II, opposing "economic fascism" and supporting Austrian economics and secessionism. The website is primarily home to right-libertarian authors, although left-wing anti-war writers have been featured. The academic Tanni Haas wrote in his 2011 book on political bloggers that of the 20 figures he interviewed, "none have more radical views" than Rockwell, whose avowed goal was to "do everything he can to undermine the state".
Brian Doherty of Reason wrote that the site's "Mises Institute-associated writers" tend to emphasize the domestic and international fallout from government action. Conservative writer Jonah Goldberg of National Review wrote that the site regularly hosts invective against icons of American mainstream conservatism, including National Review, The Weekly Standard, neoconservatives, and William F. Buckley Jr. A writer in The American Conservative described the site as paleolibertarian and "an indispensable source" of news on Ron Paul. The site published InfoWars articles by the conspiracy theorist Paul Joseph Watson from 2011 to 2016. The site has been criticized for presenting articles which advocate HIV/AIDS denialism, the view that HIV does not cause AIDS, and the view that vaccines cause autism.
Other activities and views
Rockwell's paleolibertarian ideology, like Rothbard's in his later years, combines a right-libertarian theory of anarcho-capitalism based on natural rights with the cultural conservative values and concerns of paleoconservatism, and he identifies strongly with the modern Rothbardian tradition of Austrian economics. In politics, he advocates federalist or Anti-Federalist policies as means to achieve increasing degrees of freedom from central government and secession for the same political decentralist reasons. Rockwell has called environmentalism "an ideology as pitiless and Messianic as Marxism."
Rockwell is Catholic.
Books
Author
- Speaking of Liberty (2003; online e-book) ISBN 0-945466-38-2
- The Left, The Right, and The State (2008; online e-book) ISBN 978-1-933550-20-6
- Against the State: An Anarcho-Capitalist Manifesto (2014) ISBN 0990463109
- Fascism vs. Capitalism (2013) ISBN 1494399806
- Against The Left: A Rothbardian Libertarianism (2019) ISBN 978-0-9904631-5-3
Editor
- Man, Economy, and Liberty: Essays in Honor of Murray N. Rothbard (with Walter Block) (1986; online e-book) ISBN 99911-786-2-7
- The Free Market Reader (1988; online e-book)ISBN 0-945466-02-1
- The Economics of Liberty (1990; online e-book) ISBN 0-945466-08-0
- The Gold Standard: Perspectives in the Austrian School (1992; online e-book), ISBN 0-945466-11-0
- Murray N. Rothbard: In Memoriam (1995; online e-book) ISBN 0-945466-19-6
- The Irrepressible Rothbard (2000; online e-book – Rockwell's introduction) ISBN 1-883959-02-0
Further reading
- Goldberg, Jonah. "Farewell, Lew Rockwell: The final word." National Review Online. March 7, 2001.
See also
- Anarcho-capitalism
- Hans-Hermann Hoppe
- Libertarianism in the United States
- Ludwig von Mises
- Milton Friedman
- Mises Institute
- Ron Paul
- Thomas Sowell
- Tom Woods
References
- "About". LewRockwell.com. Archived from the original on 2015-04-19. Retrieved 2015-04-20.
- ^ Doherty, Brian (2009). Radicals for Capitalism: A Freewheeling History of the Modern American Libertarian Movement. United States: PublicAffairs. ISBN 9780786731886.
- ^ Dallek, Matthew (2023). Birchers: How the John Birch Society Radicalized the American Right. United States: Basic Books.
- ^ The newsletters had various names: Dr. Ron Paul's Freedom Report (OCLC 38365640, 15124395), The Ron Paul Survival Report (OCLC 27301727), the Ron Paul Investment Letter (OCLC 27301651), and the Ron Paul Political Report (OCLC 31695178).
- ^ Kirchick, James (January 8, 2008). "Angry White Man: The Bigoted Past of Ron Paul". The New Republic. Archived from the original on December 29, 2011. Retrieved February 17, 2012.
- ^ Kirchick, James (10 January 2008). "Who Wrote Ron Paul's Newsletters?". New Republic. Archived from the original on 2013-05-05. Retrieved 2013-04-30.
- Markon, Jerry; Crites, Alice (January 27, 2012). "Ron Paul signed off on racist 1990s newsletters, associates say". Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Archived from the original on May 2, 2023.
- "Llewellyn H. Rockwell Jr". mises.org. Mises Institute. 20 June 2014. Archived from the original on 20 November 2014. Retrieved 23 March 2024.
- ^ Sebesta, Edward H.; Hague, Euan; Beirich, Heidi, eds. (2009). Neo-Confederacy: A Critical Introduction. United States: University of Texas Press. pp. 33–34.
- Weiner, Rachel (July 10, 2013). "The libertarian war over the Civil War". The Washington Post.
- "The Neo-Confederates". Intelligence Report. Southern Poverty Law Center. Summer 2000. Archived from the original on February 22, 2016. Retrieved August 29, 2018.
- ^ Doherty, Brian. "Libertarianism and the Old Right" Archived 2014-10-22 at the Wayback Machine, Mises.org. 1999. Orig. published by SpintechMag.org. May 12, 1999.
- ^ Hawley, George (2016). Right-wing critics of American conservatism. Lawrence: University Press of Kansas. pp. 164–171. ISBN 978-0-7006-2193-4. OCLC 925410917.
- Berlet, Chip. The Write Stuff: U. S. Serial Print Culture from Conservatives out to Neonazis, Library Trends – Volume 56, Number 3, Winter 2008, pp. 570–600.
- Weisberg, J. (1991). "Hunter Gatherers". New Republic. Vol. 205, n. 10. pp. 14–16.
- Berlau, John. Now playing right field – Rep. Ron Paul – Interview Archived May 27, 2005, at the Wayback Machine Insight on the News. February 10, 1997.
- Hayes, Christopher, The Nation, Ron Paul's Roots Archived 2010-03-06 at the Wayback Machine, December 6, 2007, retrieved January 14, 2008
- "Campaign staffs announced", LPNEWS Archived 2021-04-28 at the Wayback Machine, May/June 1987, 10
- Burton Blumert, "Ron Paul for President Exploratory Committee" fundraising letter, October 1, 1991.
- ^ "Who Wrote Ron Paul's Newsletters?". Reason.com. January 16, 2008. Archived from the original on 2009-10-26. Retrieved 2013-04-30.
- "TNR Exclusive: A Collection of Ron Paul's Most Incendiary Newsletters". The New Republic. December 23, 2011. Archived from the original on 2015-11-05. Retrieved 2012-01-13.
- ^ Jim Rutenberg and Serge F. Kovaleski, Paul Disowns Extremists’ Views but Doesn’t Disavow the Support Archived 2020-10-08 at the Wayback Machine, The New York Times, December 25, 2011.
- Hicks, Josh (December 27, 2011). "Ron Paul and the racist newsletters (Fact Checker biography)". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 2013-05-03. Retrieved 2013-04-30.
- "Masthead of a 1987 Ron Paul Investment Letter" (PDF). Archived from the original on January 21, 2013. Retrieved 2013-01-21.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link) - "May 1988 "Ron Paul investment Newsletter"" (PDF). Archived from the original on January 21, 2013. Retrieved 2013-01-21.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link) - Thomas, Will (January 18, 2008). "Likely Author of Shocking Ron Paul Letters Exposed". Huffingtonpost.com. Archived from the original on 2013-09-20. Retrieved 2013-04-30.
- Rockwell, Llewellyn (January 8, 2008). "The New 'Republic'". LewRockwell.com. Archived from the original on August 12, 2023. Retrieved August 12, 2023.
- Jackie Kucinich, Paul's story changes on racial comments Archived 2020-08-25 at the Wayback Machine, USA TODAY, December 21, 2011.
- About the Mises Institute page Archived 2012-02-02 at the Wayback Machine at Ludwig von Mises Institute Archived 2009-03-19 at the Wayback Machine website.
- Llewellyn H. Rockwell, Jr. "The Case for Paleo-libertarianism" in Liberty magazine, January 1990, 34–38.
- Olsen, Niklas; Slobodian, Quinn (April 2022). "Locating Ludwig von Mises: Introduction". Journal of the History of Ideas. 83 (2): 257–267. doi:10.1353/jhi.2022.0012. ISSN 1086-3222. PMID 35603613. S2CID 248987154. Archived from the original on 2022-05-31. Retrieved 2023-10-09.
- Kenny Johnsson, Do You Consider Yourself a Libertarian? Archived 2019-08-04 at the Wayback Machine, interview with Lew Rockwell, May 25, 2007.
- About LewRockwell.com Archived 2022-05-15 at the Wayback Machine; Columnists Archived 2022-03-14 at the Wayback Machine listing; The LRC Blog Archived 2014-03-13 at the Wayback Machine at LewRockwell.com website.
- Lew Rockwell Show Archived 2022-05-15 at the Wayback Machine.
- Alexa analyctics for LewRockwell.com Archived 2022-08-18 at the Wayback Machine, accessed May 5, 2013.
- For example: Rogers, Mike. "Dying For the Emperor? No Way." Archived 2022-03-14 at the Wayback Machine LewRockwell.com. October 12, 2005; Gonella, Jason. "The Decline and Fall of the United States Empire." Archived 2022-03-24 at the Wayback Machine LewRockwell.com. December 9, 2004; DiLorenzo, Thomas J. "Economic Fascism" LewRockwell.com. November 23, 2004.
- "LewRockwell.com". LewRockwell. Archived from the original on 2015-06-18. Retrieved 2021-04-09.
- Haas, Tanni (2011-11-08). Making it in the Political Blogosphere. The Lutterworth Press. p. 92. doi:10.2307/j.ctt1cg4jqm. ISBN 978-0-7188-4015-0.
- Doherty, Brian (February 16, 2009). "Libertarianism in an Age of Economic Crisis: Why being truculent, oppositional, and hard to pigeonhole are not signs of ideological death". Reason. Archived from the original on August 30, 2017. Retrieved August 30, 2017.
- Goldberg, Jonah (March 7, 2001). "Farewell, Lew Rockwell. The final word". National Review. Archived from the original on September 28, 2013.
The site also features regular screeds about how Abraham Lincoln was a murderous war criminal, how the American military is a hotbed of criminal imperialism and murderous warmongering, and why Southern secession not only was honorable and noble but how it still is a viable option.
In this article, Goldberg was responding to criticisms of another article he had written about the website. - Antle III, W. James (January 14, 2008). "The Paleocon Dilemma… The Ron Paul campaign illustrates the choices facing the antiwar Right". The American Conservative. Archived from the original on August 30, 2017. Retrieved August 30, 2017.
decade ago...Rockwell hoped to mobilize grassroots conservatives on behalf of anti-statism, during the Bush era he has detected a whiff of 'red-state fascism' among the Republican base. Other writers prefer terms like 'neoconofascist'.
- Finlayson, Alan (February 2022). "YouTube and Political Ideologies: Technology, Populism and Rhetorical Form". Political Studies. 70 (1): 62–80. doi:10.1177/0032321720934630. ISSN 0032-3217. S2CID 225642501.
- Kalichman, Seth; Nattrass, Nicoli (2008). Denying AIDS: Conspiracy Theories, Pseudoscience, and Human Tragedy. New York, London: Springer. pp. 49–53, 142, 182, 191. ISBN 978-0-387-79475-4. OCLC 390487079.
- For the 2006 LRC conference, see: LewRockwell.com 2006 conference schedule Archived 2022-05-15 at the Wayback Machine
- For Harvey Bialy's LRC response to Farber, Celia (March 2006). "Out of Control: AIDS and the Corruption of Medical Science". Harper's, vol. 312, no. 1870, pp. 37–52, OCLC 100240598; ISSN 0017-789X; see: "The US Government Responds to the 'AIDS Denialist' Writing in the March Harper’s"
- For Rebecca Culshaw's LRC article, see: "Why I Quit HIV" Archived 2022-05-15 at the Wayback Machine, LewRockwell.com, March 3, 2006.
- Gorski, David (June 22, 2009). "Cranks, quacks, and peer-review." Archived 2022-04-08 at the Wayback Machine Science-based medicine. Author is Assistant Professor of Medicine (Surgery) at Wayne State University (holding an M.D. and Ph.D. in Cellular Biology from Case Western University)
- Rockwell, L. H., Jr. (1990). "An anti-environmentalist manifesto." From The Right, Quarterly II, 1(6), 1. (newsletter of Patrick J. Buchanan), p. 1; Llewellyn H. Rockwell, Jr. Rockwell's Anti-Environmentalist Manifesto Archived 2022-05-15 at the Wayback Machine, May 1, 2000 version published by Lewrockwell.com
- Matthews, Steve (January 7, 2018). "Anti-Protestant: Lew Rockwell's Ongoing Attack on the Reformation". Lux Lucet. Archived from the original on October 9, 2023. Retrieved September 24, 2023.
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