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{{Short description|Slovak academic (1795–1861)}}
{{refimprove|date=March 2012}}
{{More citations needed|date=November 2023}}
]
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2019}}
{{Infobox person
|name = Pavol Jozef Šafárik
|image = Pavel Jozef Safarik.jpg
|caption =
|native_name =
|native_name_lang =
|birth_name = <!-- only use if different from name above -->
|birth_date = {{birth date|1795|5|13|df=y}}<ref name="Jugoslovenski književni leksikon">{{cite book |author= Živan Milisavac |editor = Živan Milisavac |date=1971 |title=Jugoslovenski književni leksikon |trans-title=Yugoslav Literary Lexicon |publisher=] |language=sh |location= ] (], ]) |page=519 }}</ref>
|birth_place = ], ], ]<br />(now ], Slovakia)
|death_date = {{death date and age|1861|6|26|1795|5|13|df=y}}<ref name="Jugoslovenski književni leksikon"/>
|death_place = ], ], ]<br />(now the ])
|death_cause =
|resting_place =
|resting_place_coordinates = <!-- {{coord|LAT|LONG|type:landmark|display=inline}} -->
|monuments =
|nationality = ]
|other_names = {{langx|cs|Pavel Josef Šafařík}}; {{langx|de|Paul Joseph Schaffarik}}; {{langx|sr|Павле Јосиф Шафарик}}; {{langx|la|Paulus Josephus Schaffarik}}; {{langx|hu|Pál József Safarik}}
|citizenship = ]
|education =
|alma_mater =
|occupation =
}}
'''Pavel Jozef Šafárik''' ({{langx|sk|Pavol Jozef Šafárik}}; 13 May 1795 – 26 June 1861) was an ethnic ] ], ], ], historian and ] in the ]. He was one of the first scientific ]s.


==Family==
'''Pavol Jozef Šafárik''' (''Safáry'', ''Schaffáry'', ''Schafary'', ''Saf(f)arik'', ''Šafarík'', ''Szafarzik''; {{lang-cz|Pavel Josef Šafařík}}; {{lang-de|Paul Joseph Schaffarik}}; {{lang-sr|Павле Јосиф Шафарик}}; {{lang-la|Paulus Josephus Schaffarik}}; {{lang-hu|Pál József Safarik}}; 13 May 1795, ] (Kisfeketepatak), ], then ] &ndash; 26 June 1861, ]) was a ] ], ], one of the first scientific ]s; ], historian and ].
His father Pavol Šafárik (1761–1831) was a ] clergyman in Kobeliarovo and before that a teacher in ], where he was also born. His mother, Katarína Káresová (1764–1812) was born in a poor lower gentry family in ] and had several jobs in order to help the family in the poor region of Kobeliarovo.


P.J. Šafárik had two elder brothers and one elder sister. One brother, Pavol Jozef as well, died before Šafárik was born. In 1813, after Katarína's death, Šafárik's father married the widow Rozália Drábová, although Šafárik and his brothers and sister were against this marriage. The local teacher provided Šafárik with Czech books.
== Family ==
His father Pavol Šafárik (1761–1831) was a ] clergyman in Kobeliarovo and before that a teacher in ] (Csetnek), where he was also born. His mother, Katarína Káresová (1764–1812) was born in a poor lower gentry family in ] (Hankova) and had several jobs in order to help the family in the poor region of Kobeliarovo. P. J. Šafárik had two elder brothers and one elder sister. One brother, called Pavol Jozef as well, died before Šafárik was born. In 1813, after Katarína's death, Šafárik's father married the widow Rozália Drábová, although Šafárik and his brothers and sister were against this marriage. The local teacher provided Šafárik with Czech books.


On 17 June 1822, when he was in ] (see below), P. J. Šafárik married 19-year-old Júlia Ambrózy de Séden ({{langx|sk|Júlia Ambróziová}}; 1803–1876), a highly intelligent member of Hungarian lower gentry born in 1803 in modern-day Serbia.{{sfn|Hanus|1895}}<ref name="genealogy" /><ref name="oszk" />
On the 17 of June 1822, when he was in ] (see below), P. J. Šafárik married 19 year old Božena Júlia Ambróziová ({{lang-hu|Júlia Ambrózy}}; 1803–1876), a highly intelligent member of lower gentry born in 1803 in present-day Serbia.<ref>http://books.google.sk/books?id=O0gFAAAAMAAJ&oe=UTF-8&redir_esc=y</ref><ref>http://www.snk.sk/swift_data/source/NbiU/Biograficke%20studie/23/bs23_133_149.pdf</ref><ref></ref><ref></ref> She spoke ], Czech, ] and ], and supported Šafárik in his scientific work. In Serbia, they also had three daughters (Ľudmila, Milena, Božena) and two sons (Mladen Svatopluk, Vojtech), but the first two daughters and the first son died shortly after their birth. Upon Šafárik's arrival in Prague, they had 6 further children, out of which one died shortly after its birth.


She spoke ], Czech, ] and ], and supported Šafárik in his scientific work. In Novi Sad, they also had three daughters (Ľudmila, Milena, Božena) and two sons (Mladen Svatopluk, Vojtěch), but the first two daughters and the first son died shortly after their birth. Upon Šafárik's arrival in Prague, they had 6 more children, out of which one died shortly after its birth.{{Citation needed|date=February 2018}}
His eldest son ] (1831–1902) became an important chemist, Jaroslav (1833–1862) became a military doctor and later the supreme assistant at the Joseph Academy in ], Vladislav (1841 - ?) became a professional soldier, and Božena (1831-?) married ] (1825–1888), a Czech literary historian, politician and a tutor in Šafarík's family. Vojtech wrote an interesting biography of his father - ''Co vyprávěl P. J. Šafařík'' (What Šafárik said) - and the son of Božena and Jireček the study ''Šafařík mezi Jihoslovany'' (Šafárik among the Southern ]).


His eldest son ] (1831–1902) became an important chemist, Jaroslav (1833–1862) became a military doctor and later the supreme assistant at the Joseph Academy in ], Vladislav (born 1841) became a professional soldier, and Božena (born 1831) married ] (1825–1888), a Czech literary historian, politician and a tutor in Šafarík's family. Vojtech wrote an interesting biography of his father – ''Co vyprávěl P. J. Šafařík'' (What Šafárik said) – and the son of Božena and Jireček the study ''Šafařík mezi Jihoslovany'' (Šafárik among the ]).
== Life ==
=== Upper Hungary (today's Slovakia) (1795-1815) ===
Pavel spent his childhood in the region of Kobeliarovo (situated in northern ] (Gömör)) characterized by attractive nature and rich Slovak culture. He gained his basic education from his father. As P. J. Šafárik's son Vojtech put it later in his book (see Family): ''When, at the age of 7, his father showed him only one alphabet, he by himself hands down learned to read, and from then on he was always sitting on the stove and was reading. By the age of eight, he had read the whole Bible twice and one of his favorite activities was preaching to his brothers and sister, and to local people.''


==Life==
In 1805-1808 Šafárik studied at a "lower ]" (in some sources described as ] school which was just changed into a middle ]) in ] (Rozsnyó), where he learned ], German and ]. Since he did not have enough money to finance his studies, he continued his studies in ] (Dobsina) for two years, because he could live there with his sister. At that time, it was absolutely necessary for anyone, who wanted to become a successful scientist in the Kingdom of Hungary (which included today's Slovakia) to have a good command of Latin, German, and ]. Since the school in Rožňava specialized in Hungarian and the school in Dobšiná in German, and Šafárik was an excellent student and both schools had a good reputation, all prerequisites for a successful career were fulfilled as early as at the age of 15.
{{Unreferenced section|date=February 2018}}


===Early years (1795–1815)===
In 1810-1814 he studied at the "]" of ] (Késmárk), where he got to know many ], ]n and ] students and his most important friend Ján Blahoslav Benedikti, with whom they together read texts of Slovak and Czech national revivalists, especially those of ]. He also got to know there Classical literature and German ] (also thanks to the excellent library of the lyceum), and started to show interest in Serbian culture. He graduated from the following branches of study: ] (including ], ], ], ], "economia ruralis", Latin style, comparative philosophy and history of the Kingdom of Hungary), politics and law (including jus naturae, jus privatum civile et criminale, scienciae politicae), and ] (including dogmatic and moral theology, ], ], ], physics, medicine, ], state law and ]). The studies at this school were very important for his life, as he pointed out later himself, and since this was a largely German school, he was able to get a (partial) scholarship for a university in ].
Pavel spent his childhood in the region of Kobeliarovo in northern ] (Gömör) characterized by attractive nature and rich Slovak culture. He gained his basic education from his father. As P. J. Šafárik's son Vojtech put it later in his book (see ]):
{{Blockquote|When, at the age of 7, his father showed him only one alphabet, he by himself hands down learned to read, and from then on he was always sitting on the stove and was reading. By the age of eight, he had read the whole Bible twice and one of his favorite activities was preaching to his brothers and sister, and to local people.}}


In 1805–08 Šafárik studied at a "lower ]" (in some sources described as ] school which was just changed into a middle ]) in ] (Rozsnyó), where he learned ], German and ]. Since he did not have enough money to finance his studies, he continued his studies in ] (Dobsina) for two years, because he could live there with his sister.
Parallelly, he worked as a private tutor in the family of Dávid Goldberger in Kežmarok between 1812 and 1814, which he also did one year after the end of his studies in Kežmarok. His mother died in late 1812 and his father married again 6 months later. His first bigger production was a volume of poems entitled ''The Muse of ] with a Slavonic ]'' published in 1814 (see Works). The poems were written in the old-fashioned standard of the Moravian Protestant translation of the Bible that the Slovak Lutherans used in their publications with many elements from the Slovak and some from the Polish language.


At that time, it was absolutely necessary for anyone who wanted to become a successful scientist in the Kingdom of Hungary (which included today's Slovakia) to have a good command of Latin, German, and ]. Since the school in Rožňava specialized in Hungarian and the school in Dobšiná in German, and Šafárik was an excellent student and both schools had a good reputation, all prerequisites for a successful career were fulfilled as early as at the age of 15.
=== Germany (1815–1817) ===
In 1815 he began to study at the ], where he turned from a poet into a scientist. ] was a wish of his father, who was also the person who financed Šafárik's studies there.


In 1810–1814 he studied at the Evangelical ] of ] (Késmárk), where he got to know many ], ]n and ] students and his most important friend Ján Blahoslav Benedikti, with whom they together read texts of Slovak and Czech national revivalists, especially those of ]. He was also familiarized with classical literature and German ] (also thanks to the excellent library of the lyceum), and started to show interest in ].
He attended lectures in history, ], philosophy and ] (lectures held by the professors Fries, ], ], ]), studied books of ] and ], was observing current literature and studied classical literature. While there he also translated into ] the '']'' of ] (issued in the Časopis Českého musea in 1830) and the ''Maria Stuart'' of ] (issued in 1831). In 1816 he became a member of the ]. 17 of Šafárik's poems written at this time (1815–1816) appeared in the Prvotiny pěkných umění by ] in Vienna and made Šafárik well known among the Slovaks and the ]. In Jena, which Šafárik liked very much, he mainly learned to apply scientific methods and found a lot of new friends. One of them was the important Slovak writer ], and another one, Samuel Ferjenčík, introduced him to ]. Although he was an excellent student, Šafárik had to leave the University of Jena in May 1817 for unknown reasons (probably lack of money).


He graduated from the following branches of study: ] (including ], ], ], ], ''economia ruralis'', Latin style, comparative philosophy and history of the Kingdom of Hungary), politics and law (including ''jus naturae'', ''jus privatum civile et criminale'', ''scienciae politicae''), and ] (including dogmatic and moral theology, ], ], ], physics, medicine, ], state law and ]). The studies at this school were very important; since this was a largely German school, he was able to get a (partial) scholarship for a university in ].
In 1817, on his way back home to Kingdom of Hungary (today's Slovakia), he visited ] and ]. In Prague, where he was searching for a tutor job, he spent one month and joined the literary circle, whose members were ], Josef Jungmann and ], whom Šafárik thus got to know in person.


He worked as a private tutor in the family of Dávid Goldberger in Kežmarok between 1812 and 1814, which he also did one year after the end of his studies in Kežmarok. His mother died in late 1812 and his father remarried 6 months later. His first larger work was a volume of poems entitled ''The Muse of ] with a Slavonic ]'' published in 1814 (see Works). The poems were written in the old-fashioned standard of the Moravian Protestant translation of the Bible that the Slovak Lutherans used in their publications with many elements from Slovak and some from Polish.
=== Upper Hungary (today's Slovakia) (1817-1819) ===
Between summer 1817 and June 1819, he worked as tutor in Pressburg (Pozsony, present ]) in the well-known family of Gašpar Kubínyi.<ref>http://www.snk.sk/swift_data/source/NbiU/Biograficke%20studie/29/bs29_165_181.pdf</ref> In Pressburg he also became a good friend of the Czech ], with whom they had already exchanged letters before and who was also a tutor in Pressburg at that time. The town of Pressburg was a social and intellectual center of the Kingdom of Hungary at that time. In the spring of 1819, Šafárik became a friend of the important Slovak writer and politician ].


===Germany (1815–1817)===
Before he left for Serbia, Šafárik spent some time in Kobeliarovo and with his grand father in Hanková. This was the last time Šafárik has seen his native country.
In 1815 he began to study at the ], where he turned from a poet into a scientist. It was the wish of his father, who financed him, to study there.


He attended lectures in history, ], philosophy and ] (lectures held by the professors Fries, ], ], and ]{{check|date=February 2022}}<!--Heinrich Karl Eichstädt?-->), studied books of ] and ], was observing current literature and studied classical literature. While there he translated into ] the '']'' of ] (issued in the Časopis Českého musea in 1830) and the ''Maria Stuart'' of ] (issued in 1831).
=== Serbia (1819–1833) ===
In April 1819, his friend Ján Blahoslav Benedikti helped him to get a ], which he needed in order to become headmaster of a new ] in ] (Újvidék), where he befriended the teacher and writer Georgije Magarašević. It was Benedicti again, together with some well-known Serbs, who "manipulated" the selection procedure, so that Šafárik, as the youngest applicant, was chosen as the new headmaster.
From 1819 to 1833 he was headmaster and teacher at the ] ] at Novi Sad in the south of the ]. All other teachers at the gymnasium were Serbs, including the novelist Milovan Vidaković, who taught there at the same time as Šafárik. He himself taught mathematics, physics, logic, ], poetry, ] and ] in Latin, German, and when ] (Hungarisation) by the authorities intensified also in Hungarian. From 1821 onwards, he also worked as a tutor of the son of the nephew of the Serbian ]. In 1824 he had to renounce to the post of headmaster because the Austrian government prohibited the Serbian Orthodox Church from employing Protestants from the Kingdom of Hungary. This caused Šafárik, who had to finance his newly arisen family (''see Family''), to lose a substantial source of income. He therefore tried to find a teaching position in his native country, but for various reasons he did not succeed. In Novi Sad he studied ] and antiquities, and he acquired many rare - especially ] - books and manuscripts, which he used in Prague later. He also published a collection of ] and sayings in collaboration with ] and others (''see Works''). In 1826 his ''Geschichte der slawischen Sprache und Literatur nach allen Mundarten'' was published. This book was the first attempt to give anything like a systematic account of the ] as a whole.


In 1816, he became a member of the Latin Society of Jena. 17 of Šafárik's poems written at this time (1815–16) appeared in the ''Prvotiny pěkných umění'' by ] in Vienna and made Šafárik well known among the Slovaks and the ]. In Jena, which Šafárik liked very much, he mainly learned to apply scientific methods and found a lot of new friends. One of them was the important Slovak writer ], and another one, Samuel Ferjenčík, introduced him to ]. Although he was an excellent student, Šafárik had to leave the University of Jena in May 1817 for unknown reasons (probably lack of money).
=== Bohemia (today's Czech Republic) (1833&ndash;1861)===
In 1832 he finally decided to leave Novi Sad and tried to find a teacher or librarian job in ], but again without success. In 1833, with the help of Ján Kollár and on invitation of influential friends in Prague who promised to finance him, he went to Prague, where he spent the remainder of his life. During his entire stay in Prague, especially in the 1840s, his very existence depended on the 380 ]s he received annually from his Czech friends under the condition which explicitly expressed František Palacký: "From now on, anything you write, you will write it in the Czech language only." Šafárik was an editor of the journal '']'' (1834–1835). In 1837 poverty compelled him to accept the uncongenial office of ] of Czech publications, which he abandoned in 1847. Between 1838 and 1842 he was first editor, later conductor, of the journal ''Časopis Českého musea'', since 1841 he was a custodian of the ] Library. In Prague, he published most of his works, especially his greatest work ''Slovanské starožitnosti'' ("Slavonic Antiquities") in 1837. He also edited the first volume of the '']'' (selections from old Czech writers), which appeared under the auspices of the ] in 1845. To this he prefixed a grammar of the Old ] (''Počátkové staročeské mluvnice'').


In 1817, on his way back home, he visited ] and ]. In Prague, where he was searching for a tutor job, he spent one month and joined the literary circle, whose members were ], Josef Jungmann and ], whom Šafárik thus got to know in person.
In the papers collection ''Hlasowé o potřebě jednoty spisowného jazyka pro Čechy, Morawany a Slowáky'' ("Voices on the necessity of a united standard language for the Bohemians, Moravians and Slovaks") published by Ján Kollár in 1846, Šafárik moderately criticized ]'s introduction of a new ] (1843) that replaced the previously used Lutheran standard which was closer to the Czech language (the Slovak Catholics used a different standard). Šafárik – as opposed to most of his Czech colleagues – always considered the ] a separate nation from the Czechs (e.g. explicitly in his works ''Geschichte der slawischen Sprache...'' and in ''Slovanský národopis'') but he advocated the use of Slovacized Czech ("Slovak style of the Czech language") as the only literary language among the Slovak people.


===Return to homeland (1817–1833)===
During the ] he was mainly collecting material for books on the oldest Slavic history. In 1848 he was made head of the University Library of Prague and a masterful professor of Slavonic philology in the ], but resigned to the latter in 1849 and remained head of the university library only. The reason for this resignation was that during the Revolution of 1848-49 he participated at the ] and thus became suspicious for ]n authorities. During the ] period following the defeat of the revolution, he lived a secluded life and studied especially older ] and ] texts and culture.
Between the summer of 1817 and June 1819, he worked as a tutor in ] in the well-known family of ].<ref name="biography" /> He also became a good friend of the Czech ], with whom he had already exchanged letters before and who was also a tutor in Pressburg at that time. The town of Pressburg was a social and intellectual center of the Kingdom of Hungary at that time. In the spring of 1819, Šafárik befriended the important Slovak writer and politician ].


Before he left for the southern territories of the Kingdom of Hungary (present-day Serbia), Šafárik spent some time in Kobeliarovo and with his grandfather in Hanková. This was the last time Šafárik saw his native country.
In 1856/57, as a result of persecution anxieties, overwork, and ill health, he became physically and mentally ill and burned most of his correspondence with important personalities (e.g. with Ján Kollár). In May 1860, his ]s made him jump into the ] river, but he was saved. This event produced considerable sensation among the general public. In early October 1860 he asked for retirement from his post as University Library head. The Austrian ] himself enabled him this in a letter written by his majesty himself and granted him a pension, which corresponded to Šafárik's previous full pay. Šafárik died in 1861 in Prague and was buried in the evangelical cemetery in ] Quarter.


]
== Works==
In April 1819, his friend ] helped him to get a ], which he needed in order to become headmaster of a new ] in ] (Újvidék), in the south of the Kingdom of Hungary, where he befriended the teacher and writer ].<ref name="pope" /> From 1819 to 1833 he was headmaster and teacher at the ] ] at Novi Sad. All other teachers at the gymnasium were Serbs, including novelist Milovan Vidaković, who taught there at the same time as Šafárik. He himself taught mathematics, physics, logic, ], poetry, ] and classic literature in Latin, German, and when ] (Hungarisation) by the authorities intensified, also in Hungarian. From 1821 onwards, he also worked as a tutor of the son of the nephew of Metropolitan ]. In 1824 he had to renounce the post of headmaster because the Austrian government prohibited the Serbian Orthodox Church from employing Protestants from the Kingdom of Hungary. This caused Šafárik, who had to finance his newly arisen family, to lose a substantial source of income. He therefore tried to find a teaching position in his native country, but for various reasons he did not succeed. In Novi Sad he studied ] and antiquities, and he acquired many rare – especially ] – books and manuscripts, which he used in Prague later. He also published a collection of ] and sayings in collaboration with ] and others (''see Works''). In 1826 his ''Geschichte der slawischen Sprache und Literatur nach allen Mundarten'' was published. This book was the first attempt to give anything like a systematic account of the ] as a whole.
=== Poetry ===

===Bohemia (1833–1861)===
In 1832 he finally decided to leave Novi Sad and tried to find a teacher or librarian job in ], but again without success. In 1833, with the help of Ján Kollár and on invitation of influential friends in Prague who promised to finance him, he went to Prague, where he spent the remainder of his life. During his entire stay in Prague, especially in the 1840s, his very existence depended on the 380 ]s he received annually from his Czech friends under the condition which explicitly expressed František Palacký: "From now on, anything you write, you will write it in Czech only." Šafárik was an editor of the journal '']'' (1834–1835). In 1837 poverty compelled him to accept the uncongenial office of ] of Czech publications, which he abandoned in 1847. Between 1838 and 1842 he was first editor, later conductor, of the journal ''Časopis Českého musea'', since 1841 he was a custodian of the ] Library. In Prague, he published most of his works, especially his greatest work ''Slovanské starožitnosti'' ("Slavonic Antiquities") in 1837. He also edited the first volume of the '']'' (selections from old Czech writers), which appeared under the auspices of the ] in 1845. To this he prefixed a grammar of Old ] (''Počátkové staročeské mluvnice'').

In the papers collection ''Hlasowé o potřebě jednoty spisowného jazyka pro Čechy, Morawany a Slowáky'' ("Voices on the necessity of a united standard language for the Bohemians, Moravians and Slovaks") published by Ján Kollár in 1846, Šafárik moderately criticized ]'s introduction of a new ] (1843) that replaced the previously used Lutheran standard which was closer to the Czech language (the Slovak Catholics used a different standard). Šafárik – as opposed to most of his Czech colleagues – always considered the ] a separate nation from the Czechs (e.g. explicitly in his works ''Geschichte der slawischen Sprache...'' and in ''Slovanský národopis'') but he advocated the use of Slovacized Czech ("Slovak style of the Czech language") as the only standard language among the Slovak people.

During the ] he was mainly collecting material for books on the oldest Slavic history. In 1848 he was made head of the University Library of Prague and a masterful professor of Slavonic philology in the ], but resigned to the latter in 1849 and remained head of the university library only. The reason for this resignation was that during the Revolution of 1848–49 he participated at the ] and thus became suspicious for ]n authorities. During the ] period following the defeat of the revolution (so-called ]), he lived a secluded life and studied especially older ] and ] texts and culture.

In 1856/57, as a result of persecution anxieties, overwork, and ill health, he became physically and mentally ill and burned most of his correspondence with important personalities (e.g. with Ján Kollár). In May 1860, his ]s made him jump into the ] river, but he was saved. This event produced considerable sensation among the general public. In early October 1860 he asked for retirement from his post as University Library head. The Austrian ] himself enabled him this in a letter written by his majesty himself and granted him a pension, which corresponded to Šafárik's previous full pay.

Šafárik died in 1861 in Prague and was buried in the evangelical cemetery in ] Quarter.

==Works==
{{Wikisource author}}

===Poetry===
* ''Ode festiva...'' (], 1814), an ] to the ] and ] Ondrej Máriassy, the ] of the Kežmarok lyceum, on the occasion of his return from the war against ] * ''Ode festiva...'' (], 1814), an ] to the ] and ] Ondrej Máriassy, the ] of the Kežmarok lyceum, on the occasion of his return from the war against ]
* ''Tatranská múza s lyrou slovanskou'' (Levoča, 1814) ] with a ] ] - poems inspired by Classical, contemporaneous European literature (]) and by Slovak traditions and legends (]) * ''Tatranská múza s lyrou slovanskou'' (Levoča, 1814) ] with a ] ] – poems inspired by Classical, contemporaneous European literature (]) and by Slovak traditions and legends (])


=== Scientific works === ===Scientific works===
]
*''Promluvení k Slovanům'' in: Prvotiny pěkných umění (1817, ?) - inspired by Herder and other national literatures, he calls the Slovaks, Moravians and Bohemians to collect folk songs
*''Promluvení k Slovanům'' in: Prvotiny pěkných umění (1817, ?) – inspired by Herder and other national literatures, he calls the Slovaks, Moravians and Bohemians to collect folk songs
*''Počátkové českého básnictví, obzvláště prozodie'' (1818, ]), together with ] - deals with technical issues of poetry writing
*''Počátkové českého básnictví, obzvláště prozodie'' (1818, ]), together with ] – deals with technical issues of poetry writing
*''Novi Graeci non uniti ritus gymnasii neoplate auspicia feliciter capta. Adnexa est oratio Pauli Josephi Schaffarik'' (1819, Novi Sad) *''Novi Graeci non uniti ritus gymnasii neoplate auspicia feliciter capta. Adnexa est oratio Pauli Josephi Schaffarik'' (1819, Novi Sad)
*'' Písně světské lidu slovenského v Uhřích. Sebrané a vydané od P. J. Šafárika, Jána Blahoslava a jiných. 1-2'' (] 1823-1827) /''Národnie zpiewanky- Pisne swetské Slowáků v Uhrách'' (1834–1835, Buda), together with ] - *'' Písně světské lidu slovenského v Uhřích. Sebrané a vydané od P. J. Šafárika, Jána Blahoslava a jiných. 1–2'' (] 1823–1827) /''Národnie zpiewanky- Pisne swetské Slowáků v Uhrách'' (1834–1835, Buda), together with ] –
*''Geschichte der slawischen Sprache und Literatur nach allen Mundarten'' (1826, Pest), - a huge encyclopedia-style book, the first attempt to give anything like a systematic account of the Slavonic languages as a whole. *''Geschichte der slawischen Sprache und Literatur nach allen Mundarten'' (1826, Pest), – a huge encyclopedia-style book, the first attempt to give anything like a systematic account of the Slavonic languages as a whole.
*''Über die Abkunft der Slawen nach Lorenz Surowiecki'' (1828, Buda) - aimed to be a reaction the Surowiecki's text, the text developed into a book on the homeland of the Slavs *''Über die Abkunft der Slawen nach Lorenz Surowiecki'' (1828, Buda) – aimed to be a reaction the Surowiecki's text, the text developed into a book on the homeland of the Slavs and challenges modern theory that Slavs were newcomers to Europe in 5th and 6th century AD.
*''Serbische Lesekörner oder historisch-kritische Beleuchtung der serbischen Mundart'' (1833, Pest) - explanation of the character and development of the Serbian language *''Serbische Lesekörner oder historisch-kritische Beleuchtung der serbischen Mundart'' (1833, Pest) – explanation of the character and development of Serbian
*''Slovanské starožitnosti''(1837 + 1865, Prague) , his main work, the first bigger book on the culture and history of the ], a second edition (1863) was edited by ] (see Family), a continuation was published only after Šafáriks death in Prague in 1865; a Russian, German and Polish translation followed immediately; the main book describes the origin, settlements, localisation and historic events of the Slavs on the basis of an extensive collection of material; inspired by Herder's opinions, he refused to consider the Slavs as Slaves and barbarian as was frequent at that time especially in German literature; the book substantially influenced the view of the Slavs *''Slovanské starožitnosti''(1837 + 1865, Prague) , his main work, the first bigger book on the culture and history of the ], a second edition (1863) was edited by ] (see Family), a continuation was published only after Šafáriks death in Prague in 1865; a Russian, German and Polish translation followed immediately; the main book describes the origin, settlements, localisation and historic events of the Slavs on the basis of an extensive collection of material; inspired by Herder's opinions, he refused to consider the Slavs as Slaves and barbarian as was frequent at that time especially in German literature; he states that all Slavs have a common ethnicity under old name of Serbs/Sorabs and that before they were known as Veneti/Wends and Illiryans; the book substantially influenced the view of the Slavs, however not enough to change the theory of Slavic migrations to central Europe from Asia
*''Monumenta Illyrica'' (1839, Prague) - monuments of old Southern Slavic literature *''Monumenta Illyrica'' (1839, Prague) – monuments of old Southern Slavic literature, which clearly states his views that Slavs are Illyrians
*''Die ältesten Denkmäler der böhmischen Sprache...'' (1840, Prague) , together with ] *''Die ältesten Denkmäler der böhmischen Sprache...'' (1840, Prague) , together with ]
*''Slovanský národopis'' (1842- 2 editions, Prague) , his second most important work, he sought to give a complete account of Slavonic ]; contains basic data on individual Slavic nations, settlements, languages, ethnic borders, and a map, on which the Slavs are formally considered one nation divided into Slavic ''national units'' *''Slovanský národopis'' (1842, 2 editions, Prague) , his second most important work, he sought to give a complete account of Slavonic ]; contains basic data on individual Slavic nations, settlements, languages, ethnic borders, and a map, on which the Slavs are formally considered one nation divided into Slavic ''national units''. As he demonstrates: all Slavs were once called Serbs/Sorabs and prior to that Illyrians. Hence, once one nation divided into smaller tribes which later formed countries, two tribes kept their original name: Lusatian Serbs (today a minority in Germany) and Balkan Serbs who live on territories of modern-day Serbia, Montenegro, Bosnia and Hercegovina and parts of Croatia
*''Počátkové staročeské mluvnice'' in: Výbor (1845) *''Počátkové staročeské mluvnice'' in: Výbor (1845)
*''Juridisch - politische Terminologie der slawischen Sprachen Oesterreich'' (Vienna, 1850) , a dictionary written together with ], Šafárik and Erben became - by order of ] members of a committee for Slavic legal terminology in Austria *''Juridisch – politische Terminologie der slawischen Sprachen Oesterreich'' (Vienna, 1850) , a dictionary written together with ], Šafárik and Erben became – by order of ] members of a committee for Slavic legal terminology in Austria
*''Památky dřevního pisemnictví Jihoslovanů'' (1851, Prague) - contains important Old Church Slavonic texts *''Památky dřevního pisemnictví Jihoslovanů'' (1851, Prague) – contains important Old Church Slavonic texts
*''Památky hlaholského pisemnictví'' (1853, Prague) *''Památky hlaholského pisemnictví'' (1853, Prague)
*''Glagolitische Fragmente'' (1857, Prague), together with ] *''Glagolitische Fragmente'' (1857, Prague), together with ]
*''Über den Ursprung und die Heimat des Glagolitismus'' (1858, Prague) - here he accepted the view that the ] is older than the Cyrillic one *''Über den Ursprung und die Heimat des Glagolitismus'' (1858, Prague) – here he accepted the view that the ] is older than the Cyrillic one
*''Geschichte der südslawischen Litteratur1-3'' (1864–65, Prague) , edited by Jireček *''Geschichte der südslawischen Litteratur1–3'' (1864–1865, Prague) , edited by Jireček


=== Collected works & papers === ===Collected works & papers===
*''Sebrané spisy P. J. Šafaříka 1-3'' (Prague 1862–1863, 1865) *''Sebrané spisy P. J. Šafaříka 1–3'' (Prague 1862–1863, 1865)
*''Spisy Pavla Josefa Šafaříka 1'' (Bratislava 1938) *''Spisy Pavla Josefa Šafaříka 1'' (Bratislava 1938)


== Recognition == ==Recognition==
]]]
* ] in ] is named after him. * ] in ] is named after him.
* Gymnázium Pavla Jozefa Šafárika in ] is named after him. * Gymnázium Pavla Jozefa Šafárika in ] is named after him.
Line 81: Line 121:
* in ]. * in ].
* A street in Prague is named after him * A street in Prague is named after him
* Streets in ] are named after him
* ] is a town in southern ] with a ] majority. It was renamed "Šafárikovo" between 1948 and 1992.


== References == ==References==
{{reflist|refs=
{{Reflist}}
<ref name="biography">{{cite journal|url=http://www.snk.sk/swift_data/source/NbiU/Biograficke%20studie/29/bs29_165_181.pdf|title=Biografické kalendárium P . J. Šafárika|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140903170333/http://www.snk.sk/swift_data/source/NbiU/Biograficke%20studie/29/bs29_165_181.pdf|archive-date=3 September 2014}}</ref>
* {{1911|Schafarik, Pavel Josef}}
<ref name="genealogy">{{cite journal|url=http://www.snk.sk/swift_data/source/NbiU/Biograficke%20studie/23/bs23_133_149.pdf|title=Príspevok ku genealógii Pavla Jozefa Šafárika|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129031239/http://www.snk.sk/swift_data/source/NbiU/Biograficke%20studie/23/bs23_133_149.pdf|archive-date=29 November 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref>
<ref name="oszk">{{cite journal|url=http://mek.oszk.hu/06700/06758/pdf/revai01_2.pdf|title=Révai lexicon No. 1:2}}</ref>
<ref name="pope">{{cite book|author1=Marcel Cornis-Pope|author2=John Neubauer|title=History of the Literary Cultures of East-Central Europe: Junctures and disjunctures in the 19th and 20th centuries. Volume III: The making and remaking of literary institutions|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=taw6AAAAQBAJ&pg=PA41|date=18 July 2007|publisher=John Benjamins Publishing Company|isbn=978-90-272-9235-3|pages=41–|quote=In addition to books, it published the journal Serbski Letopis, founded two years earlier by Georgije Magarašević, Pavel Jozef Šafárik, and Lukijan Mušicki in Novi Sad, where Magarašević was professor and Šafárik the director of the Serbian gymnasium.}}</ref>
}}


==Sources==
{{commons category|Pavol Jozef Šafárik}}
*{{cite book|last=Hanus|first=Josef|title=Pavel Josef Safarik v zivote i spisach: ke stoletym narozeninam jeho|url=https://archive.org/details/paveljosefsafar00goog|year=1895|publisher=Tiskem a nʹakladem knihtiskʹarny Dra. Edv. Grʹegra}}
* {{EB1911|wstitle=Schafarik, Pavel Josef}}

==External links==
*{{commons category-inline|Pavel Jozef Šafárik}}

{{Glagolitic topics}}
{{Authority control}}


{{Authority control|VIAF=106968086}}
{{Persondata <!-- Metadata: see ]. -->
| name=%C5%A0af%C3%A1rik%2C Pavel Jozef
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION = Slovak philologist, poet, literary historian, historian and ethnographer.
| DATE OF BIRTH = 13 May 1795
| PLACE OF BIRTH = ]
| DATE OF DEATH = 26 June 1861
| PLACE OF DEATH = ]
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Safarik, Pavel Jozef}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Safarik, Pavel Jozef}}
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{{Link FA|eo}}
{{Link FA|sk}}

Latest revision as of 04:44, 25 November 2024

Slovak academic (1795–1861)
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Pavol Jozef Šafárik
Born(1795-05-13)13 May 1795
Kisfeketepatak, Kingdom of Hungary, Habsburg monarchy
(now Kobeliarovo, Slovakia)
Died26 June 1861(1861-06-26) (aged 66)
Prague, Kingdom of Bohemia, Austrian Empire
(now the Czech Republic)
NationalitySlovak
Other namesCzech: Pavel Josef Šafařík; German: Paul Joseph Schaffarik; Serbian: Павле Јосиф Шафарик; Latin: Paulus Josephus Schaffarik; Hungarian: Pál József Safarik
CitizenshipKingdom of Hungary

Pavel Jozef Šafárik (Slovak: Pavol Jozef Šafárik; 13 May 1795 – 26 June 1861) was an ethnic Slovak philologist, poet, literary historian, historian and ethnographer in the Kingdom of Hungary. He was one of the first scientific Slavists.

Family

His father Pavol Šafárik (1761–1831) was a Protestant clergyman in Kobeliarovo and before that a teacher in Štítnik, where he was also born. His mother, Katarína Káresová (1764–1812) was born in a poor lower gentry family in Hanková and had several jobs in order to help the family in the poor region of Kobeliarovo.

P.J. Šafárik had two elder brothers and one elder sister. One brother, Pavol Jozef as well, died before Šafárik was born. In 1813, after Katarína's death, Šafárik's father married the widow Rozália Drábová, although Šafárik and his brothers and sister were against this marriage. The local teacher provided Šafárik with Czech books.

On 17 June 1822, when he was in Novi Sad (see below), P. J. Šafárik married 19-year-old Júlia Ambrózy de Séden (Slovak: Júlia Ambróziová; 1803–1876), a highly intelligent member of Hungarian lower gentry born in 1803 in modern-day Serbia.

She spoke Slovak, Czech, Serbian and Russian, and supported Šafárik in his scientific work. In Novi Sad, they also had three daughters (Ľudmila, Milena, Božena) and two sons (Mladen Svatopluk, Vojtěch), but the first two daughters and the first son died shortly after their birth. Upon Šafárik's arrival in Prague, they had 6 more children, out of which one died shortly after its birth.

His eldest son Vojtěch (1831–1902) became an important chemist, Jaroslav (1833–1862) became a military doctor and later the supreme assistant at the Joseph Academy in Vienna, Vladislav (born 1841) became a professional soldier, and Božena (born 1831) married Josef Jireček (1825–1888), a Czech literary historian, politician and a tutor in Šafarík's family. Vojtech wrote an interesting biography of his father – Co vyprávěl P. J. Šafařík (What Šafárik said) – and the son of Božena and Jireček the study Šafařík mezi Jihoslovany (Šafárik among the Southern Slavs).

Life

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Early years (1795–1815)

Pavel spent his childhood in the region of Kobeliarovo in northern Gemer (Gömör) characterized by attractive nature and rich Slovak culture. He gained his basic education from his father. As P. J. Šafárik's son Vojtech put it later in his book (see Family):

When, at the age of 7, his father showed him only one alphabet, he by himself hands down learned to read, and from then on he was always sitting on the stove and was reading. By the age of eight, he had read the whole Bible twice and one of his favorite activities was preaching to his brothers and sister, and to local people.

In 1805–08 Šafárik studied at a "lower gymnasium" (in some sources described as Protestant school which was just changed into a middle Latin school) in Rožňava (Rozsnyó), where he learned Latin, German and Hungarian. Since he did not have enough money to finance his studies, he continued his studies in Dobšiná (Dobsina) for two years, because he could live there with his sister.

At that time, it was absolutely necessary for anyone who wanted to become a successful scientist in the Kingdom of Hungary (which included today's Slovakia) to have a good command of Latin, German, and Hungarian. Since the school in Rožňava specialized in Hungarian and the school in Dobšiná in German, and Šafárik was an excellent student and both schools had a good reputation, all prerequisites for a successful career were fulfilled as early as at the age of 15.

In 1810–1814 he studied at the Evangelical lyceum of Kežmarok (Késmárk), where he got to know many Polish, Serbian and Ukrainian students and his most important friend Ján Blahoslav Benedikti, with whom they together read texts of Slovak and Czech national revivalists, especially those of Josef Jungmann. He was also familiarized with classical literature and German esthetics (also thanks to the excellent library of the lyceum), and started to show interest in Serbian culture.

He graduated from the following branches of study: philosophy (including logic, metaphysics, mathematics, physics, economia ruralis, Latin style, comparative philosophy and history of the Kingdom of Hungary), politics and law (including jus naturae, jus privatum civile et criminale, scienciae politicae), and theology (including dogmatic and moral theology, hermeneutics, Greek, Hebrew, physics, medicine, natural law, state law and international law). The studies at this school were very important; since this was a largely German school, he was able to get a (partial) scholarship for a university in Germany.

He worked as a private tutor in the family of Dávid Goldberger in Kežmarok between 1812 and 1814, which he also did one year after the end of his studies in Kežmarok. His mother died in late 1812 and his father remarried 6 months later. His first larger work was a volume of poems entitled The Muse of Tatras with a Slavonic Lyre published in 1814 (see Works). The poems were written in the old-fashioned standard of the Moravian Protestant translation of the Bible that the Slovak Lutherans used in their publications with many elements from Slovak and some from Polish.

Germany (1815–1817)

In 1815 he began to study at the University of Jena, where he turned from a poet into a scientist. It was the wish of his father, who financed him, to study there.

He attended lectures in history, philology, philosophy and natural sciences (lectures held by the professors Fries, Oken, Luden, and Eichenstädt), studied books of Herder and Fichte, was observing current literature and studied classical literature. While there he translated into Czech the Clouds of Aristophanes (issued in the Časopis Českého musea in 1830) and the Maria Stuart of Schiller (issued in 1831).

In 1816, he became a member of the Latin Society of Jena. 17 of Šafárik's poems written at this time (1815–16) appeared in the Prvotiny pěkných umění by Hromádka in Vienna and made Šafárik well known among the Slovaks and the Czech lands. In Jena, which Šafárik liked very much, he mainly learned to apply scientific methods and found a lot of new friends. One of them was the important Slovak writer Ján Chalupka, and another one, Samuel Ferjenčík, introduced him to Johann Wolfgang Goethe. Although he was an excellent student, Šafárik had to leave the University of Jena in May 1817 for unknown reasons (probably lack of money).

In 1817, on his way back home, he visited Leipzig and Prague. In Prague, where he was searching for a tutor job, he spent one month and joined the literary circle, whose members were Josef Dobrovský, Josef Jungmann and Václav Hanka, whom Šafárik thus got to know in person.

Return to homeland (1817–1833)

Between the summer of 1817 and June 1819, he worked as a tutor in Pressburg (Bratislava) in the well-known family of Gašpar Kubínyi. He also became a good friend of the Czech František Palacký, with whom he had already exchanged letters before and who was also a tutor in Pressburg at that time. The town of Pressburg was a social and intellectual center of the Kingdom of Hungary at that time. In the spring of 1819, Šafárik befriended the important Slovak writer and politician Ján Kollár.

Before he left for the southern territories of the Kingdom of Hungary (present-day Serbia), Šafárik spent some time in Kobeliarovo and with his grandfather in Hanková. This was the last time Šafárik saw his native country.

Portrait of Šafárik done by the vojvodinian Slovak painter Karol Miloslav Lehotský

In April 1819, his friend Ján Blahoslav Benedikti helped him to get a doctor's degree, which he needed in order to become headmaster of a new gymnasium in Novi Sad (Újvidék), in the south of the Kingdom of Hungary, where he befriended the teacher and writer Georgije Magarašević. From 1819 to 1833 he was headmaster and teacher at the Serbian Orthodox gymnasium at Novi Sad. All other teachers at the gymnasium were Serbs, including novelist Milovan Vidaković, who taught there at the same time as Šafárik. He himself taught mathematics, physics, logic, rhetoric, poetry, stylistics and classic literature in Latin, German, and when Magyarization (Hungarisation) by the authorities intensified, also in Hungarian. From 1821 onwards, he also worked as a tutor of the son of the nephew of Metropolitan Stefan Stratimirović. In 1824 he had to renounce the post of headmaster because the Austrian government prohibited the Serbian Orthodox Church from employing Protestants from the Kingdom of Hungary. This caused Šafárik, who had to finance his newly arisen family, to lose a substantial source of income. He therefore tried to find a teaching position in his native country, but for various reasons he did not succeed. In Novi Sad he studied Serbian literature and antiquities, and he acquired many rare – especially Old Church Slavonic – books and manuscripts, which he used in Prague later. He also published a collection of Slovak folk songs and sayings in collaboration with Ján Kollár and others (see Works). In 1826 his Geschichte der slawischen Sprache und Literatur nach allen Mundarten was published. This book was the first attempt to give anything like a systematic account of the Slavonic languages as a whole.

Bohemia (1833–1861)

In 1832 he finally decided to leave Novi Sad and tried to find a teacher or librarian job in Russia, but again without success. In 1833, with the help of Ján Kollár and on invitation of influential friends in Prague who promised to finance him, he went to Prague, where he spent the remainder of his life. During his entire stay in Prague, especially in the 1840s, his very existence depended on the 380 florins he received annually from his Czech friends under the condition which explicitly expressed František Palacký: "From now on, anything you write, you will write it in Czech only." Šafárik was an editor of the journal Světozor (1834–1835). In 1837 poverty compelled him to accept the uncongenial office of censor of Czech publications, which he abandoned in 1847. Between 1838 and 1842 he was first editor, later conductor, of the journal Časopis Českého musea, since 1841 he was a custodian of the Prague University Library. In Prague, he published most of his works, especially his greatest work Slovanské starožitnosti ("Slavonic Antiquities") in 1837. He also edited the first volume of the Výbor (selections from old Czech writers), which appeared under the auspices of the Prague literary society in 1845. To this he prefixed a grammar of Old Czech (Počátkové staročeské mluvnice).

In the papers collection Hlasowé o potřebě jednoty spisowného jazyka pro Čechy, Morawany a Slowáky ("Voices on the necessity of a united standard language for the Bohemians, Moravians and Slovaks") published by Ján Kollár in 1846, Šafárik moderately criticized Ľudovít Štúr's introduction of a new Slovak standard language (1843) that replaced the previously used Lutheran standard which was closer to the Czech language (the Slovak Catholics used a different standard). Šafárik – as opposed to most of his Czech colleagues – always considered the Slovaks a separate nation from the Czechs (e.g. explicitly in his works Geschichte der slawischen Sprache... and in Slovanský národopis) but he advocated the use of Slovacized Czech ("Slovak style of the Czech language") as the only standard language among the Slovak people.

During the Revolution of 1848 he was mainly collecting material for books on the oldest Slavic history. In 1848 he was made head of the University Library of Prague and a masterful professor of Slavonic philology in the University of Prague, but resigned to the latter in 1849 and remained head of the university library only. The reason for this resignation was that during the Revolution of 1848–49 he participated at the Slavic Congress in Prague in June 1848 and thus became suspicious for Austrian authorities. During the absolutistic period following the defeat of the revolution (so-called Bach's absolutism), he lived a secluded life and studied especially older Czech literature and Old Church Slavonic texts and culture.

In 1856/57, as a result of persecution anxieties, overwork, and ill health, he became physically and mentally ill and burned most of his correspondence with important personalities (e.g. with Ján Kollár). In May 1860, his depressions made him jump into the Vltava river, but he was saved. This event produced considerable sensation among the general public. In early October 1860 he asked for retirement from his post as University Library head. The Austrian emperor himself enabled him this in a letter written by his majesty himself and granted him a pension, which corresponded to Šafárik's previous full pay.

Šafárik died in 1861 in Prague and was buried in the evangelical cemetery in Karlín Quarter.

Works

Poetry

Scientific works

Ethnographic map "Slavic lands," done by Pavel Šafařík in 1842
  • Promluvení k Slovanům in: Prvotiny pěkných umění (1817, ?) – inspired by Herder and other national literatures, he calls the Slovaks, Moravians and Bohemians to collect folk songs
  • Počátkové českého básnictví, obzvláště prozodie (1818, Pressburg), together with František Palacký – deals with technical issues of poetry writing
  • Novi Graeci non uniti ritus gymnasii neoplate auspicia feliciter capta. Adnexa est oratio Pauli Josephi Schaffarik (1819, Novi Sad)
  • Písně světské lidu slovenského v Uhřích. Sebrané a vydané od P. J. Šafárika, Jána Blahoslava a jiných. 1–2 (Pest 1823–1827) /Národnie zpiewanky- Pisne swetské Slowáků v Uhrách (1834–1835, Buda), together with Ján Kollár –
  • Geschichte der slawischen Sprache und Literatur nach allen Mundarten (1826, Pest), – a huge encyclopedia-style book, the first attempt to give anything like a systematic account of the Slavonic languages as a whole.
  • Über die Abkunft der Slawen nach Lorenz Surowiecki (1828, Buda) – aimed to be a reaction the Surowiecki's text, the text developed into a book on the homeland of the Slavs and challenges modern theory that Slavs were newcomers to Europe in 5th and 6th century AD.
  • Serbische Lesekörner oder historisch-kritische Beleuchtung der serbischen Mundart (1833, Pest) – explanation of the character and development of Serbian
  • Slovanské starožitnosti(1837 + 1865, Prague) , his main work, the first bigger book on the culture and history of the Slavs, a second edition (1863) was edited by Josef Jireček (see Family), a continuation was published only after Šafáriks death in Prague in 1865; a Russian, German and Polish translation followed immediately; the main book describes the origin, settlements, localisation and historic events of the Slavs on the basis of an extensive collection of material; inspired by Herder's opinions, he refused to consider the Slavs as Slaves and barbarian as was frequent at that time especially in German literature; he states that all Slavs have a common ethnicity under old name of Serbs/Sorabs and that before they were known as Veneti/Wends and Illiryans; the book substantially influenced the view of the Slavs, however not enough to change the theory of Slavic migrations to central Europe from Asia
  • Monumenta Illyrica (1839, Prague) – monuments of old Southern Slavic literature, which clearly states his views that Slavs are Illyrians
  • Die ältesten Denkmäler der böhmischen Sprache... (1840, Prague) , together with František Palacký
  • Slovanský národopis (1842, 2 editions, Prague) , his second most important work, he sought to give a complete account of Slavonic ethnology; contains basic data on individual Slavic nations, settlements, languages, ethnic borders, and a map, on which the Slavs are formally considered one nation divided into Slavic national units. As he demonstrates: all Slavs were once called Serbs/Sorabs and prior to that Illyrians. Hence, once one nation divided into smaller tribes which later formed countries, two tribes kept their original name: Lusatian Serbs (today a minority in Germany) and Balkan Serbs who live on territories of modern-day Serbia, Montenegro, Bosnia and Hercegovina and parts of Croatia
  • Počátkové staročeské mluvnice in: Výbor (1845)
  • Juridisch – politische Terminologie der slawischen Sprachen Oesterreich (Vienna, 1850) , a dictionary written together with Karel Jaromír Erben, Šafárik and Erben became – by order of Alexander Bach members of a committee for Slavic legal terminology in Austria
  • Památky dřevního pisemnictví Jihoslovanů (1851, Prague) – contains important Old Church Slavonic texts
  • Památky hlaholského pisemnictví (1853, Prague)
  • Glagolitische Fragmente (1857, Prague), together with Höfler
  • Über den Ursprung und die Heimat des Glagolitismus (1858, Prague) – here he accepted the view that the Glagolitic alphabet is older than the Cyrillic one
  • Geschichte der südslawischen Litteratur1–3 (1864–1865, Prague) , edited by Jireček

Collected works & papers

  • Sebrané spisy P. J. Šafaříka 1–3 (Prague 1862–1863, 1865)
  • Spisy Pavla Josefa Šafaříka 1 (Bratislava 1938)

Recognition

A bust of Šafárik in Kulpin, Serbia

References

  1. ^ Živan Milisavac (1971). Živan Milisavac (ed.). Jugoslovenski književni leksikon [Yugoslav Literary Lexicon] (in Serbo-Croatian). Novi Sad (SAP Vojvodina, SR Serbia): Matica srpska. p. 519.
  2. Hanus 1895.
  3. "Príspevok ku genealógii Pavla Jozefa Šafárika" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 29 November 2014. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  4. "Révai lexicon No. 1:2" (PDF). {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  5. "Biografické kalendárium P . J. Šafárika" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 September 2014. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  6. Marcel Cornis-Pope; John Neubauer (18 July 2007). History of the Literary Cultures of East-Central Europe: Junctures and disjunctures in the 19th and 20th centuries. Volume III: The making and remaking of literary institutions. John Benjamins Publishing Company. pp. 41–. ISBN 978-90-272-9235-3. In addition to books, it published the journal Serbski Letopis, founded two years earlier by Georgije Magarašević, Pavel Jozef Šafárik, and Lukijan Mušicki in Novi Sad, where Magarašević was professor and Šafárik the director of the Serbian gymnasium.

Sources

External links

Glagolitic script
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