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Revision as of 07:44, 13 May 2013 editBetty Logan (talk | contribs)Extended confirmed users, Pending changes reviewers78,452 editsm →Between films of the same name← Previous edit Latest revision as of 06:07, 25 November 2024 edit undoInfiniteNexus (talk | contribs)Autopatrolled, Extended confirmed users, Page movers, New page reviewers68,831 edits Undid revision 1259436021 by JohnCWiesenthal (talk) Guidelines should not be modified until new consensus is arrived atTag: Undo 
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{{Self-reference|"WP:NCF" redirects here. You may be looking for ] or ].}}
{{Misplaced Pages subcat guideline|naming convention|Films|WP:NC(F)|WP:NCF|WP:NC-FILM}}
{{Guideline|naming convention|Films|WP:NCF|WP:NCFILM|WP:NCFILMS|category=]}}
{{main|Misplaced Pages:Article titles}}
{{Naming conventions}}
'''Conventions:''' Each word in a film title takes an initial capital, except for articles ("a", "an", "the"), the word "to" as part of an infinitive, prepositions, or coordinating conjunctions that are four letters or shorter (e.g., "on", "from", "and", "with"), unless they begin or end a title or subtitle. For example: '']'', '']'', '']'', '']''. See ]. Film titles, like the titles of books and other works of art, are always italicized.
'''Conventions:''' Each word in a film title takes an initial capital, except for articles ("a", "an", "the"), the word "to" as part of an infinitive, prepositions, or coordinating conjunctions that are four letters or shorter (e.g., "on", "from", "and", "with"), unless they begin or end a title or subtitle. For example: '']'', '']'', '']'', '']''. See ]. Film titles, like the titles of books and other works of art, are always italicized.


==Disambiguation== ==General==
In general, article titles should use the official title of the film as indicated by its , , press releases, , the , the , the , etc.
===From other topics===


* '''Marketing stylizations''' – Be aware that it is common for film titles to be rendered differently in promotional materials.
If a film does not share its title with any other topic on Misplaced Pages, title the article after the film's title. If a film shares its title with one or more non-film topics on Misplaced Pages, compare all topics and determine which one is the ]. (See ] for films with the same title.) If the film is the primary topic, name its article after the film's title without any means of disambiguation. If the film is not the primary topic, name its article after the film's title with "(film)" added at the end. For example, "An American in Paris" refers to both the Gershwin musical piece and the musical film. The musical piece is the primary topic, so it is titled ], whereas the film is disambiguated by the primary topic by being titled ]. Ensure that readers can access a film with a disambiguated article title by using ] or ]. Another example follows:
*: Examples: ], ], '']''
* '''Onscreen titles''' – Be aware that it is also common for films to use a slightly modified title onscreen.
*: Examples: ], '']'', '']''
* '''Retroactive changes''' – Use the title used at the time of the film's release, disregarding retroactive changes.
*: Examples: '']'', ], ]
* '''Common names''' – Sometimes, it is acceptable to use an alternative ] that is more concise or recognizable.
*: Examples: '']'', '']'', '']''
* '''Branding subtitles''' – Subtitles and possessives used for brand recognition may be omitted for concision, unless they are being used for ].
*: Examples: '']'', '']'', '']''
* '''International titles''' – Use the title used in the film's country of origin, not international ones.
*: Examples: '']'', '']'', '']''
* '''Formatting irregularities''' – Take note of small formatting quirks that may be overlooked by some sources.
*: Examples: '']'', '']'', '']''
* '''En dashes''' – Per ], convert hyphens to en dashes where applicable.
*: Examples: '']'', '']'', ]
* '''Special characters''' – Per ], ignore special characters and normalize them as regular text. This does not apply to numbers or common symbols.
*: Examples: '']'', '']'', '']''


==Disambiguation==
{{Shortcut|WP:NCFILMDAB}}
===From other topics===
If a film does not share its title with any other topic on Misplaced Pages, name the article after the film's title. If a film shares its title with one or more non-film topics on Misplaced Pages, compare all topics and determine whether one is the ]. (See ] for films with the same title.) If the film is the primary topic, name its article after the film's title without any ]. If the film is not the primary topic, name its article after the film's title with the disambiguation "(film)".{{efn|Do not use any other disambiguator, such as "(movie)".}} Use "(film)" added at the end. For example, "{{xt|An American in Paris}}" refers to both the Gershwin musical piece and the musical film. The musical piece is the primary topic, so it is titled '']'', whereas the film is disambiguated by the primary topic by being titled ]. Ensure that readers can access a film with a disambiguated article title by using ] or ]. Another example:
*] is a geological term for sand formations and the primary topic. *] is a geological term for sand formations and the primary topic.
*] is a 1965 science fiction novel by Frank Herbert and disambiguated from the primary topic. *] is a 1965 science fiction novel by Frank Herbert and disambiguated from the primary topic.
*] is a 1984 film based on the novel and disambiguated from the primary topic. *] is a 1984 film based on the novel and disambiguated from the primary topic.


===Between films of the same name=== ===Between films of the same name===
{{Shortcut|WP:PRIMARYFILM|WP:PFILM}}
If a film shares its title with one or more other film topics on Misplaced Pages, compare all film and non-film topics and determine which one is the ]. The ''primary topic'' for any given title is defined to be the topic which is most widely sought when a reader searches for that term, or if the topic has a significant long-standing association with that term. If one film is the primary topic, name its article after the film's title without any means of disambiguation. For the other films (or all the films, if none of them are the primary topic), add the year of its first verifiable release (including film festival screenings).
If a film shares its title with one or more other film topics on Misplaced Pages, compare all film and non-film topics and determine whether one is the ]. If one film is the primary topic, name its article after the film's title without any means of disambiguation. For the other films (or all the films, if none of them are the primary topic), add the year of its first verifiable release (including film festival screenings).


;Examples ====Examples====
* ] – Requires no disambiguation as the sole candidate for the title. * '']''{{nbsp}}– Requires no disambiguation as the sole candidate for the title.
* ] – ] is considered to be the primary topic so the film is disambiguated. * ]{{nbsp}}– ] is considered to be the primary topic, so the film is disambiguated.
* ]{{nbsp}}– ] is a disambiguation page because there is no primary topic.
* ] – The franchise is regarded as the primary topic, so instead of using a disambiguation term, it has been elected to use the film's sub-title to disambiguate the title naturally.
* ], ], and ]{{nbsp}}– ] is regarded as the primary topic, so all films are disambiguated.
* ] – There is no primary topic so it serves as a disambiguation page.
* '']'' (the 1947 film), ] and ]{{nbsp}}– The original film is regarded as the primary topic, so the other two adaptations are disambiguated.
* ] – The 1915 film is regarded as the primary topic, but the title of the the 1982 film is not sufficiently disambiguated; ''Birth of a Nation'' (dropping "The") is disambiguated to ].
* ] and ] – ] is regarded as the primary topic so both films are disambiguated. * ], ], and ]{{nbsp}}– None of the films are the primary topic, so they are all disambiguated.
* ], ] and ] – The original film is regarded as the primary topic so the other two adaptations are disambiguated.
* ], ], and ] – None of the films are the primary topic so they are all disambiguated.


When more than one film needs to be disambiguated, partial disambiguation such as ] should be made and redirected back to the main disambiguation page or an appropriate section of it. This aids navigation, and helps editors to avoid creating new articles under the ambiguous title by accident. While the general guideline at ] allows for ], the film-naming conventions guideline prefers disambiguating all secondary-topic films from each other. Policy at ] permits such Misplaced Pages project-specific naming criteria with the following related examples:
;Confusion
When more than one film needs disambiguating, there is some confusion in regards to whether the more notable film should be disambiguated to ''Title (film)'', with the other disambiguated to ''Title (YEAR film)''. For example, since Alfred Hitchcock's ''Psycho'' is not determined to be the primary topic for the term "Psycho", should it be disambiguated to ''Psycho (film)'' or ''Psycho (1960 film)'', with the 1998 remake disambiguated to ''Psycho (1998 film)''? ] and ] suggest ''Psycho (1960 film)'', which is best demonstrated by applying the two guidelines in turn to a selection of hypothetical candidates:
#''Psycho (film)''
#''Psycho (Bloch)''
#''Psycho (Hitchcock)''
#''Psycho (1960 film)''
#''Psycho (1960 Hitchcock film)''
*Applying PRIMARYTOPIC only eliminates ''Psycho (Bloch)'' as a title from the set of potential names. In selecting an appropriate disambiguator, we are limited to selecting a title that the Hitchcock classic is the primary topic for i.e. ''the topic most likely to be sought when searching on the term''. In this case, the Hitchcock film is not the primary topic for ''Psycho (Bloch)'', since it is most likely that ] by Robert Bloch is the primary topic for this title i.e. using the author's name as the disambiguation term would lead a reader to believe the article is about the book from just the title. However, the film ''is'' the primary topic for the four remaining potential titles, since it is ''the topic most likely to be sought'' when searching on any of the other four terms.
*Applying PRECISION eliminates ''Psycho (film)'' and ''Psycho (1960 Hitchcock film)''. Titles should be ''precise enough to unambiguously define the topical scope of the article, but no more precise than that''. From the four remaining potential titles, ''Psycho (film)'' is not precise enough to disambiguate the 1960 film from ], and ''Psycho (1960 Hitchcock film)'' contains redundant disambiguation since the disambiguation term is more descriptive than it needs to be i.e. Hitchcock could be dropped, or 1960 etc.
*This leaves two perfectly acceptable titles that the Hitchcock film is the primary topic for, which also observe Misplaced Pages's precision guideline: ''Psycho (Hitchcock)'' and ''Psycho (1960 film)''. The Film project elects to use the ''(YEAR film)'' format rather than ''(DIRECTOR)'' so that the topic area is explicitly identified; therefore we naturally arrive at the appropriate disambiguation for the title: ''Psycho (1960 film)''.


* ''] is precise enough to be unambiguous, but ] specify the addition of the qualifier in ] with a redirect from ].''
;Further disambiguation
* ''] is precise enough to be unambiguous, but ] specify adding the qualifier ] with a redirect from ].''
In the rare case that multiple films of the same name are produced in the same year, include additional information such as the country of origin, like ] and ]; or a descriptive adjective, such as ] and ].

{{shortcut|WP:MFILM}}{{anchor|Multiple film}}
For {{vanchor|multiple films}} of the same name that are produced in the same year, include additional information such as contrasting descriptive adjectives, such as ] and ] or ] and ]; the country of origin (]), like ] and ]; or production companies, such as ] and ].


===Film series=== ===Film series===
For articles on a series of films, the title of the article should be '''''Series name'' (film series)''' or '''''Series subject'' (film series)'''. When trilogies are often referred to as such by reliable sources, their articles may be titled '''''Series name'' trilogy''', or '''''Series name'' trilogy (film series)''' if further disambiguation is required. If there are two film series with the same name, use '''(YEAR film series)''' as the disambiguation term, where '''YEAR''' is the year of the first film of the series. For articles on a series of films, the title of the article should be <code>'''{{Var|Series name}} (film series)'''</code>, such as ]; if the series has no official name, choose one commonly used by reliable sources, such as ]. When trilogies are often referred to as such by reliable sources, their articles may be titled <code>'''{{Var|Series name}} trilogy'''</code> (e.g., ]), or <code>'''{{Var|Series name}} trilogy (film series)'''</code> if further disambiguation is required.


===Film franchise=== ===Media franchise===
{{see also|Misplaced Pages:Naming conventions (television)#Media franchise|Misplaced Pages:Naming conventions (video games)#Media franchise}}
When the content originating in a film or film series is ] in other ], then an associated overview page (an article describing and summarising the items of the franchise) may be disambiguated (if necessary) as '''''Series name'' (franchise)'''.


When the content presented in a film or film series spans other ] formats such as radio, TV, video game, or print, then an associated overview page (an article describing and summarizing the items of the ]) should usually occupy the ] (e.g. '']'', '']''), but may be disambiguated as <code>'''{{var|Series name}} (franchise)'''</code> when required. Example: ].
==Foreign-language films==

===Character articles===
{{Shortcut|WP:FILMCHARACTERS}}
{{Redirect|WP:FILMCHARACTERS|the notability guideline|WP:NFILMCHAR}}
{{Selfref|Please follow the recommendations at ] when creating articles about film characters.}}

Film character articles primarily focused on appearances in other media (], ], ], ], etc.) should follow those respective naming conventions.

Typically, the full name of the character, if known, is used for the title of the article except when an alias or other name is much more common. If disambiguation is needed, add the film, film series, or franchise title in parentheses; e.g. <code>'''{{Var|Character name}} ({{Var|title}})'''</code>. If the character's name is the same as the film title or if the character appears in many different film titles, use <code>'''{{Var|Character name}} (character)'''</code>.
{{Block indent|1=<nowiki />
* ]{{nbsp}}– full name used, not {{noredirect|Jason (Friday the 13th)|Jason (''Friday the 13th'')}}, no further disambiguation needed
* ]{{nbsp}}– full name used, disambiguation necessary due to ]
* ]{{nbsp}}– full name used and is the same as the film series title
* ]{{nbsp}}– alternate name used primarily, not {{noredirect|Beatrix Kiddo}}
* ]{{nbsp}}– alternate name used primarily and appears in several film titles, not {{noredirect|Isador Cortez}}, {{noredirect|Machete (Spy Kids)|Machete (''Spy Kids'')}}, etc.
* ]{{nbsp}}– alternate name used primarily (not {{noredirect|John Kramer (Saw)|John Kramer (''Saw'')}}), double-disambiguation necessary due to ] and other use within the same franchise (]).
}}
As shown above, redirects can be created to avoid creation of duplicate articles and to aid with searches or internal linking.

==Upcoming films==
{{shortcut|WP:UFILM}}
For upcoming films where the release date is currently unknown, use <code>'''(upcoming film)'''</code> if disambiguation is necessary, for example ]. Once a release date has been confirmed by a ], the page can then be moved to the correct year disambiguation. Similarly, for upcoming films where the official title is currently unknown, use <code>'''Untitled {{Var|series name or filmmaker}} film'''</code>, for example ] or ].

Once an official title has been confirmed by a reliable source, the page can then be moved to the correct title. After a film receives a wide release or an official title, redirects such as ] and ] are no longer accurate and thus misleading to readers. When this happens, these redirects should be nominated for deletion at ] at least 30 days after the film receives a title or wide release, in order to allow pageviews to taper off. Ensure that all incoming links in the mainspace have been updated prior to nominating the redirects at RfD.

==Non-English language films <span class="anchor" id="Foreign-language films"></span>==
{{see also|Misplaced Pages:Naming conventions (use English)|Misplaced Pages:Manual of Style#National varieties of English}} {{see also|Misplaced Pages:Naming conventions (use English)|Misplaced Pages:Manual of Style#National varieties of English}}
{{shortcut|WP:NCFF|WP:NCFFLF}}
Use the title more commonly recognized by English readers; normally this means the title under which it has been released in cinemas or on video in the English-speaking world. Normally, this will be an English language title that is recognized across the English-speaking world; however, sometimes different English-speaking countries use different titles, in which case use the most common title, and give the native ''and'' alternate English title(s) afterward.
Use the title more commonly recognized by English readers; normally this means the title under which it has been released in cinemas or on video in the English-speaking world. Normally, this will be an English language title that is recognized across the English-speaking world; however, sometimes different English-speaking countries use different titles, in which case use the most common title, and give the native ''and'' alternate English title(s) afterward. If the film has never been widely released in the English-speaking world, it is not assumed to have a commonly-recognized English name; in such cases, the native name is to be preferred over potentially variant translated titles used in English-language reliable sources.


Note: in the following paragraphs, the phrase 'the English-speaking world' refers to countries in which the majority of the population speaks English as their first language; it thus includes the UK, USA, Canada, Australia, Ireland and New Zealand, as well as several smaller countries. It does not include countries such as India in which English is a common second language, but in which films are rarely produced in English. Note: in the following paragraphs, the phrase 'the English-speaking world' refers to countries in which the majority of the population speaks English as their first language; it thus includes the UK, USA, Canada, Australia, Ireland and New Zealand, as well as several smaller countries. It does not include countries such as India in which English is a common second language, but in which films are rarely produced in English.
Line 53: Line 95:
===Examples=== ===Examples===
If the film was released under the same English title across the English-speaking world, use this as the title of the article, and refer to the film by that title throughout the article. However, the first time it is used, follow it immediately with the original title in brackets, bolded, and with a link to the appropriate native language article. If the film was released under the same English title across the English-speaking world, use this as the title of the article, and refer to the film by that title throughout the article. However, the first time it is used, follow it immediately with the original title in brackets, bolded, and with a link to the appropriate native language article.
*'''''The Motorcycle Diaries''''' (]: '''''Diarios de motocicleta''''') *'''''The Motorcycle Diaries''''' ({{langx|es|'''Diarios de motocicleta'''}})


If the English title means something different from the native title, use the English title, but in the first or second sentences of the article, explain the different meaning of the original title, putting it in bold too. If the English title means something different from the native title, use the English title, but in the first or second sentences of the article, explain the different meaning of the original title, putting it in bold too.
*'''''Betty Blue''''' is a 1986 ]. Its original French title is '''''37°2 le matin''''', which means "37.2&nbsp;°C in the Morning". *'''''Betty Blue''''' is a 1986 French film. Its original French title is '''''37°2 le matin''''', which means "37.2&nbsp;°C in the Morning".


If the film was released in the English-speaking world under its native title, use that throughout the article, but include an English translation in brackets after the first use. Do not put the English title in bold, as this is not an 'official' title. If the native title contains characters not in the ], such as ] or ], treat the ] as the common title and include the native alphabet and any other transliterations. If the film was released in the English-speaking world under its native title, use that throughout the article, but include an English translation in brackets after the first use. Do not put the English title in bold, as this is not an 'official' title. If the native title contains characters not in the ], such as ] or ], treat the ] as the common title and include the native script and any other transliterations.
*'''''Ran''''' ({{lang-ja|]}}, "chaos", "wretchedness") *'''''Ran''''' ({{langx|ja|]}}, Japanese for "chaos")


If the film has been released under different titles ''within'' the English speaking world – if for example, some English-speaking countries prefer to use the native title, or if different translations are used in different countries – use the most common title throughout, and explain the other titles in the first or second sentence, putting each of them in bold. If the film has been released under different titles ''within'' the English speaking world{{nbsp}}– if for example, some English-speaking countries prefer to use the native title, or if different translations are used in different countries{{nbsp}}– use the most common title throughout, and explain the other titles in the first or second sentence, putting each of them in bold.
*'''''Shoot the Piano Player''''' ({{lang-fr|'''Tirez sur le pianiste'''}}) is a 1960 ] directed by ]. It is released as '''''Shoot the Pianist''''' in the ]. *'''''Shoot the Piano Player''''' ({{langx|fr|'''Tirez sur le pianiste'''}}) is a 1960 French film directed by ]. It is released as '''''Shoot the Pianist''''' in the ].
*'''''Bande à part''''' is a 1964 ]-] film directed by ]. It is released as '''''Band of Outsiders''''' in ]. *'''''Bande à part''''' is a 1964 ]-] film directed by ]. It is released as '''''Band of Outsiders''''' in ].


===Rationale=== ===Rationale===
Titles of articles should be the most commonly used title for the following reasons: Titles of articles should be the most commonly used title for the following reasons:
* We want to maximize the likelihood of being listed in external search engines, thereby attracting more people to Misplaced Pages. Using "'']''" rather than "''Det sjunde inseglet''" makes the page easier to find with a search engine, since search engines often give greater weight to the title than to the body of the page. Since "''The Seventh Seal''" is the most common form of the title, it will be searched on more often, and having that exact string in our page title will often mean our page shows up higher in other search engines. * We want to maximize the likelihood of being listed in external search engines, thereby attracting more people to Misplaced Pages. Using "'']''" rather than "''Det sjunde inseglet''" makes the page easier to find with a search engine, since search engines often give greater weight to the title than to the body of the page. Since "''The Seventh Seal''" is the most common form of the title, it will be searched on more often, and having that exact string in our page title will often mean our page shows up higher in other search engines.
* We want to maximize the incidence that people who make a link guessing the article title, guess correctly: people guessing a different title may think there is no article yet, which may cause duplication. * We want to maximize the incidence that people who make a link guessing the article title, guess correctly: people guessing a different title may think there is no article yet, which may cause duplication.
* Using the full native title requires people to know that title, ''and'' spell it correctly. This would potentially be more difficult in the case of foreign languages. * Using the full native title requires people to know that title, ''and'' spell it correctly. This would potentially be more difficult in the case of non-English languages.


Some users dislike the "redirected from" announcement at the top of the page that occurs when a user enters a foreign title and is redirected to the English translation. The reasoning for doing this would be to make the meaning of the title comprehensible by the majority under the currently viewed language, and the benefit being that if someone reads or hears about "'']''", and wonders what film might be meant by that, the "(Redirected from ''Le Fabuleux Destin d'Amélie Poulain'')" at the top of the page describing the film in question puts the reader at ease that this was the intended film: the "redirect" message indicates that the system hasn't been playing tricks, and that this was the page to which you were supposed to be led. A "redirected from" announcement occurs at the top of the page when a user enters a non-English title and is ] to the English translation. The reasoning for doing this would be to make the meaning of the title comprehensible by the majority under the currently viewed language, and the benefit being that if someone reads or hears about "'']''", and wonders what film might be meant by that, the "(Redirected from ''Le Fabuleux Destin d'Amélie Poulain'')" at the top of the page describing the film in question puts the reader at ease that this was the intended film: the "redirect" message indicates that the system hasn't been playing tricks, and that this was the page to which you were supposed to be led.


==Articles about filmmaking== ==Articles about filmmaking==
Articles which relate to general concepts related to film technology, terminology, and industry should use '''<tt>(filmmaking)</tt>''' if disambiguation is necessary. Articles which relate to general concepts related to film technology, terminology, and industry should use <code>'''(filmmaking)'''</code> if disambiguation is necessary. Examples: ], ], ]
:Examples: ], ], ]


==See also== ==See also==
*] for the distinction between a made for ] and other television formats. *] for the distinction between a made for ] and other television formats.


==Notes==
]
{{notelist}}
]


<!--]--> ]
]
]
]
]

Latest revision as of 06:07, 25 November 2024

"WP:NCF" redirects here. You may be looking for Misplaced Pages:Naming conventions (flora) or Misplaced Pages:Naming conventions (fauna).
Blue tickThis guideline documents an English Misplaced Pages naming convention.
Editors should generally follow it, though exceptions may apply. Substantive edits to this page should reflect consensus. When in doubt, discuss first on this guideline's talk page.		Shortcuts
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    Conventions: Each word in a film title takes an initial capital, except for articles ("a", "an", "the"), the word "to" as part of an infinitive, prepositions, or coordinating conjunctions that are four letters or shorter (e.g., "on", "from", "and", "with"), unless they begin or end a title or subtitle. For example: Angels and Virgins, End of the Spear, Failure to Launch, I Am a Fugitive from a Chain Gang. See Misplaced Pages:Naming conventions (capitalization). Film titles, like the titles of books and other works of art, are always italicized.

    General

    In general, article titles should use the official title of the film as indicated by its billing block, MPAA certificate, press releases, copyright agencies, the Library of Congress, the BFI catalog, the AFI catalog, etc.

    Disambiguation

    Shortcut

    From other topics

    If a film does not share its title with any other topic on Misplaced Pages, name the article after the film's title. If a film shares its title with one or more non-film topics on Misplaced Pages, compare all topics and determine whether one is the primary topic. (See below for films with the same title.) If the film is the primary topic, name its article after the film's title without any disambiguation. If the film is not the primary topic, name its article after the film's title with the disambiguation "(film)". Use "(film)" added at the end. For example, "An American in Paris" refers to both the Gershwin musical piece and the musical film. The musical piece is the primary topic, so it is titled An American in Paris, whereas the film is disambiguated by the primary topic by being titled An American in Paris (film). Ensure that readers can access a film with a disambiguated article title by using hatnotes or disambiguation pages. Another example:

    • Dune is a geological term for sand formations and the primary topic.
    • Dune (novel) is a 1965 science fiction novel by Frank Herbert and disambiguated from the primary topic.
    • Dune (1984 film) is a 1984 film based on the novel and disambiguated from the primary topic.

    Between films of the same name

    Shortcuts

    If a film shares its title with one or more other film topics on Misplaced Pages, compare all film and non-film topics and determine whether one is the primary topic. If one film is the primary topic, name its article after the film's title without any means of disambiguation. For the other films (or all the films, if none of them are the primary topic), add the year of its first verifiable release (including film festival screenings).

    Examples

    When more than one film needs to be disambiguated, partial disambiguation such as Titanic (film) should be made and redirected back to the main disambiguation page or an appropriate section of it. This aids navigation, and helps editors to avoid creating new articles under the ambiguous title by accident. While the general guideline at Misplaced Pages:Disambiguation allows for incomplete disambiguation, the film-naming conventions guideline prefers disambiguating all secondary-topic films from each other. Policy at WP:PRECISION permits such Misplaced Pages project-specific naming criteria with the following related examples:

    Shortcut

    For multiple films of the same name that are produced in the same year, include additional information such as contrasting descriptive adjectives, such as Heidi (2005 live-action film) and Heidi (2005 animated film) or Skin (2018 feature film) and Skin (2018 short film); the country of origin (adjective), like Noise (2007 Australian film) and Noise (2007 American film); or production companies, such as Aladdin (1992 Disney film) and Aladdin (1992 Golden Films film).

    Film series

    For articles on a series of films, the title of the article should be Series name (film series), such as The Chronicles of Narnia (film series); if the series has no official name, choose one commonly used by reliable sources, such as Bourne (film series). When trilogies are often referred to as such by reliable sources, their articles may be titled Series name trilogy (e.g., Three Colours trilogy), or Series name trilogy (film series) if further disambiguation is required.

    Media franchise

    See also: Misplaced Pages:Naming conventions (television) § Media franchise, and Misplaced Pages:Naming conventions (video games) § Media franchise

    When the content presented in a film or film series spans other media formats such as radio, TV, video game, or print, then an associated overview page (an article describing and summarizing the items of the franchise) should usually occupy the primary article title (e.g. Star Trek, Harry Potter), but may be disambiguated as Series name (franchise) when required. Example: Alien (franchise).

    Character articles

    Shortcut "WP:FILMCHARACTERS" redirects here. For the notability guideline, see WP:NFILMCHAR. Please follow the recommendations at Misplaced Pages:Manual of Style (writing about fiction) when creating articles about film characters.

    Film character articles primarily focused on appearances in other media (books, TV, comics, video games, etc.) should follow those respective naming conventions.

    Typically, the full name of the character, if known, is used for the title of the article except when an alias or other name is much more common. If disambiguation is needed, add the film, film series, or franchise title in parentheses; e.g. Character name (title). If the character's name is the same as the film title or if the character appears in many different film titles, use Character name (character).

    As shown above, redirects can be created to avoid creation of duplicate articles and to aid with searches or internal linking.

    Upcoming films

    Shortcut

    For upcoming films where the release date is currently unknown, use (upcoming film) if disambiguation is necessary, for example Misplaced Pages (upcoming film). Once a release date has been confirmed by a reliable source, the page can then be moved to the correct year disambiguation. Similarly, for upcoming films where the official title is currently unknown, use Untitled series name or filmmaker film, for example Untitled Misplaced Pages film or Untitled Jimbo Wales film.

    Once an official title has been confirmed by a reliable source, the page can then be moved to the correct title. After a film receives a wide release or an official title, redirects such as Misplaced Pages (upcoming film) and Untitled Misplaced Pages film are no longer accurate and thus misleading to readers. When this happens, these redirects should be nominated for deletion at Misplaced Pages:Redirects for discussion at least 30 days after the film receives a title or wide release, in order to allow pageviews to taper off. Ensure that all incoming links in the mainspace have been updated prior to nominating the redirects at RfD.

    Non-English language films

    See also: Misplaced Pages:Naming conventions (use English) and Misplaced Pages:Manual of Style § National varieties of English Shortcuts

    Use the title more commonly recognized by English readers; normally this means the title under which it has been released in cinemas or on video in the English-speaking world. Normally, this will be an English language title that is recognized across the English-speaking world; however, sometimes different English-speaking countries use different titles, in which case use the most common title, and give the native and alternate English title(s) afterward. If the film has never been widely released in the English-speaking world, it is not assumed to have a commonly-recognized English name; in such cases, the native name is to be preferred over potentially variant translated titles used in English-language reliable sources.

    Note: in the following paragraphs, the phrase 'the English-speaking world' refers to countries in which the majority of the population speaks English as their first language; it thus includes the UK, USA, Canada, Australia, Ireland and New Zealand, as well as several smaller countries. It does not include countries such as India in which English is a common second language, but in which films are rarely produced in English.

    Examples

    If the film was released under the same English title across the English-speaking world, use this as the title of the article, and refer to the film by that title throughout the article. However, the first time it is used, follow it immediately with the original title in brackets, bolded, and with a link to the appropriate native language article.

    • The Motorcycle Diaries (Spanish: Diarios de motocicleta)

    If the English title means something different from the native title, use the English title, but in the first or second sentences of the article, explain the different meaning of the original title, putting it in bold too.

    • Betty Blue is a 1986 French film. Its original French title is 37°2 le matin, which means "37.2 °C in the Morning".

    If the film was released in the English-speaking world under its native title, use that throughout the article, but include an English translation in brackets after the first use. Do not put the English title in bold, as this is not an 'official' title. If the native title contains characters not in the Latin alphabet, such as syllabaries or Chinese characters, treat the romanization as the common title and include the native script and any other transliterations.

    If the film has been released under different titles within the English speaking world – if for example, some English-speaking countries prefer to use the native title, or if different translations are used in different countries – use the most common title throughout, and explain the other titles in the first or second sentence, putting each of them in bold.

    Rationale

    Titles of articles should be the most commonly used title for the following reasons:

    • We want to maximize the likelihood of being listed in external search engines, thereby attracting more people to Misplaced Pages. Using "The Seventh Seal" rather than "Det sjunde inseglet" makes the page easier to find with a search engine, since search engines often give greater weight to the title than to the body of the page. Since "The Seventh Seal" is the most common form of the title, it will be searched on more often, and having that exact string in our page title will often mean our page shows up higher in other search engines.
    • We want to maximize the incidence that people who make a link guessing the article title, guess correctly: people guessing a different title may think there is no article yet, which may cause duplication.
    • Using the full native title requires people to know that title, and spell it correctly. This would potentially be more difficult in the case of non-English languages.

    A "redirected from" announcement occurs at the top of the page when a user enters a non-English title and is redirected to the English translation. The reasoning for doing this would be to make the meaning of the title comprehensible by the majority under the currently viewed language, and the benefit being that if someone reads or hears about "Le Fabuleux Destin d'Amélie Poulain", and wonders what film might be meant by that, the "(Redirected from Le Fabuleux Destin d'Amélie Poulain)" at the top of the page describing the film in question puts the reader at ease that this was the intended film: the "redirect" message indicates that the system hasn't been playing tricks, and that this was the page to which you were supposed to be led.

    Articles about filmmaking

    Articles which relate to general concepts related to film technology, terminology, and industry should use (filmmaking) if disambiguation is necessary. Examples: Above the line (filmmaking), Option (filmmaking), Wrap (filmmaking)

    See also

    Notes

    1. Do not use any other disambiguator, such as "(movie)".
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