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{{use dmy dates|date=January 2023}} |
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{{for|the Estonian architect|Alar Kotli}} |
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{{cleanup|date=April 2010}} |
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{{unreliable|date=January 2023}} |
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{{other uses}} |
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{{Infobox settlement |
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{{Infobox settlement |
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|name = Kotli (Cotly) |
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| name = Kotli |
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|native_name = {{Nastaliq|کوٹلی}} |
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| native_name = {{resize|{{nq|کوٹلی}}}} |
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|settlement_type = City |
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| native_name_lang = |
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| settlement_type = City |
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<!-- images and maps -----------> |
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|image_map = |
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| image_skyline = Kotli from above.JPG |
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|image_skyline = Kotli from above.JPG |
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| imagesize = |
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|imagesize =300px |
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| image_caption = |
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|image_caption = |
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| image_map = |
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| mapsize = 150px |
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|image_blank_emblem = Flag of Azad Kashmir.svg |
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| map_caption = |
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|blank_emblem_type = Emblem |
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|mapsize = 150px |
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| pushpin_map = Azad Kashmir |
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|map_caption = Location within ] |
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| pushpin_mapsize |
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|pushpin_map = Pakistan |
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| subdivision_type = Administering country |
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|pushpin_mapsize = 300 |
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| subdivision_name = ] |
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| subdivision_type1 = ] |
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<!-- Location ------------------> |
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| subdivision_name1 = ] |
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|coordinates_display = inline,title |
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| subdivision_type2 = ] |
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|coordinates_region = PK |
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| subdivision_name2 = ] |
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|subdivision_type = Country |
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|subdivision_name = ] |
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|subdivision_type1 = ] |
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|subdivision_name1 = Kotli |
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<!-- Seat of government and towns--> |
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<!-- Seat of government and towns--> |
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|parts_type = ] |
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| established_title = Constructed |
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|parts_style = |
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| established_date = Mid 15th Century |
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|parts = 18 UC<br />(District Govt. system yet to be placed) |
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<!-- Politics -----------------> |
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|government_footnotes = |
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|government_type = |
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|leader_title = Chief Commissioner |
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|leader_party = |
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|leader_name = <nowiki></nowiki> |
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|leader_title1 = ] |
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|leader_name1 = |
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|leader_title2 = |
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|leader_name2 = |
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|established_title = Constructed |
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|established_date = Mid 15th Century |
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<!-- Area ---------------------> |
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<!-- Area ---------------------> |
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| parts_type = ] |
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|area_magnitude = |
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|area_footnotes = |
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| parts_style = |
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|area_total_km2 = 1862 |
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| parts = 18 |
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|area_total_sq_mi = |
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| government_type = |
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| leader_party = |
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<!-- Elevation --------------------------> |
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|elevation_max_m = 3000 |
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| leader_title = |
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|elevation_max_ft = |
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| leader_name = |
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|elevation_min_m = |
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| leader_title1 = |
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| leader_name1 = |
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<!-- Population -----------------------> |
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|population_as_of =2006 |
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| area_footnotes = |
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| area_total_km2 = <!-- Elevation --------------------------> |
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|population_footnotes = |
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|population_note = |
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| elevation_max_m = |
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|population_total = 640,000 |
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| elevation_max_ft = |
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| elevation_min_m = <!-- Population -----------------------> |
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|population_density_km2 = 352 |
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| population_footnotes = |
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<!-- General information ---------------> |
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|timezone = ] |
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| population_total = 46907 |
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|utc_offset = +5 |
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| population_as_of = ] |
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| population_density_km2 = <!-- General information ---------------> |
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|coor_type = |
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| population_note = |
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|latd=33 |latm=30 |lats=20 |latNS=N |
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| demographics_type1 = Languages |
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|longd=73 |longm=53 |longs=57 |longEW=E |
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| demographics1_title1 = Official |
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|postal_code_type = Postal Code |
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| demographics1_info1 = ]<ref>{{cite book| last = Rahman| first = Tariq| author-link = Tariq Rahman| title = Language and politics in Pakistan| date = 1996| publisher = Oxford University Press| isbn = 978-0-19-577692-8| page = 226}}<!-- ref is only for Urdu's status in Azad Kashmir as a whole--></ref> |
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|postal_code = 11100 |
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| demographics1_title2 = Spoken |
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|area_code = 0092-58264 |
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| demographics1_info2 = {{hlist|]|]}} |
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|website = |
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| timezone = ] |
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| utc_offset = +5 |
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| postal_code_type = Postal Code |
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| postal_code = 11100 |
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| area_code = 0092-58264 |
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| website = |
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}} |
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}} |
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'''Kotli''' (]: '''کوٹلی''', Pahari-]/]/]: '''کوٹلی''') or '''Cotly''', as known in ], is the chief town of ], in the ]i-administered ]. Kotli is linked with ] by two metalled roads, one via ], (90 km) and the other via ]. It is also directly linked with ] via ] (82 km) and a double road which links Kotli with the rest of Pakistan via ], another major town in Azad Jammu and Kashmir. Kotli is roughly a three hours drive from ] and ], at a distance of 117 km via Sehnsa. |
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'''Kotli''' (] / {{langx|ur|{{resize|{{Nastaliq|کوٹلی}}}}}}; {{IPA-ur|koːʈ.liː|pron}}) is a city in ] of ]. It lies on the ], and the river contains several waterfalls, including the Lala Waterfall near the town of Kotli, and the Gulpur Waterfalls at the village of Gulpur to the southwest.<ref>{{Google maps | url =https://www.google.com/maps?ll=33.505556,73.899167&q=33.505556,73.899167&hl=en&t=h&z=12 | access-date =1 February 2020}}</ref> As per the ], Kotli had a population of 46,907.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Maqbool |first=Atif |title=Kotli: 10 dead and many injured as roof of house collapses |url=https://www.azaditimes.com/2022/08/kotli-10-dead-and-many-injured-as-roof.html |access-date=2022-08-01 |website=Azadi Times - Latest Kashmir News |language=English}}</ref> |
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== History == |
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== History == |
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As stated in History of the ] Hill States by J.Hutchinson and J.P. Vogel: "Kotli was founded about the fifteenth century by a branch of the royal family of ]. Kotli and ] remained independent until subdued by ] in 1815 and 1819 respectively." |
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The city of Kotli dates back to the twelfth century, when it was settled by a branch of the Royal ] family of Kashmir, descendants of ]. Originally known as Kohtali, literally meaning "under mountain" due to the surrounding landscape. Kotli remained as a semi-auntonomous state until it was finally subdued by ] in 1819 and incorporated into the ].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Hutchison, J. (John)|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/34186922|title=History of the Panjab hill states|date=1994|publisher=Asian Educational Services|others=Vogel, J. Ph. (Jean Philippe), 1871-1958.|isbn=81-206-0942-5|location=New Delhi, India|oclc=34186922}}</ref> |
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The royal family of ] Hutchinson and Vogel are referring to is the family of Raja Mangar Pal. |
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Before its name was Kohtali mean (under mountain) after that people changed its name to Kotli. |
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Kotli was historically known as Kotli. |
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After the ] and ] from the ], "bands of deserters from the State Army, some serving soldiers of the Pakistan Army on leave, ex-servicemen, and other volunteers who had risen spontaneously"<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ẓahīr |first=Ḥasan |title=The times and trial of the Rawalpindi conspiracy 1951: the first coup attempt in Pakistan |last2=Zaheer |first2=Hasan |date=1998 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-577892-2 |location=Karachi Oxford}}</ref> reached Kotli in November 1947. They expelled the Dogra garrison at the town. India then sent its armed forces to Kashmir where they attacked Kotli in an attempt to recapture it. The ] counter-attacked with the aid of the native tribesmen, winning a decisive victory in the ].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Effendi, M. Y.|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/212908145|title=Punjab cavalry : evolution, role, organisation, and tactical doctrine : 11 Cavalry (Frontier Force), 1849-1971|date=2007|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-547203-5|location=Karachi|oclc=212908145}}</ref> It has been under ]i control ever since. |
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There is a famous saying in ]: "Kotli Mangrallan da, Rajouri Jarrallan da, Bhimber Chiban da, Mirpur Gakharan da" |
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== Education == |
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Translation: |
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Kotil is home to the ] (]:کوٹلی یونیورسٹی) (UoK), formerly a constituent college of the ]. It became a university as a result of Presidential Ordinance VIII passed in 2014.<ref>{{Cite web|title=University of Kotli Azad Jammu and Kashmir|url=http://www.uokajk.edu.pk/home|access-date=2021-01-28|website=www.uokajk.edu.pk}}</ref> |
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== References== |
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• Kotli is ruled by the ] Rajputs, ] is ruled by the ] Rajputs, ] is ruled by the ] Rajputs and ] is ruled by the ] Rajputs |
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=== Ranjit Singh and the Dogras === |
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''History of the Punjab Tribes'' by ] and ] lists a total of 22 states, 16 Hindu and 6 Muhammadan (Muslim) that formed the State of Jammu following the conquest of Raja Ranjit Singh in 1820. Of these 6 Muhammadan States two (Kotli and ]) were ruled by Mangrals, two (Bhimber and Khari-Khariyala) by Chibs one (Rajouri) by the Jarrals and one (Khashtwar) by the Khashtwaria. Of these 22 states 21 formed a pact with Ranjit Singh and formed the State of Jammu. Only Poonch ruled by the Mangrals retained a state of semi-autonomy. Following the War of 1947 Poonch was divided and is now split between Pakistan Administered Kashmir ] and Indian Administered Kashmir ] |
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The ] ] ruled Kotli state for several centuries until they were defeated by the army of the Sikh leader ]. Following two endless battles the Sikh army returned in 1815 with 30,000 soldiers and a final battle ensued. Having lost many fighters the Mangrals were defeated by the Sikhs and regions held under the leadership of the Mangral Rajputs of ] was handed over to the Sikhs to stop further bloodshed. |
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The Panjab Hill States were merged by Ranjit Singh into the state of Jammu which was passed into the control of Kishore Singh the father of ] and a distant relative of Jit Singh the Raja of Jammu. Gulab Singh had joined the army of Ranjit Singh in 1812 and had risen through the ranks and found favour with Ranjit Singh. The granting of Jammu was a reward for the services of Gulab Singh and family. |
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The 27 years of Sikh rule followed by the 100 years of Dogra rule were a period considered to be the most stable in Kashmir. Kotli was populated by Sikhs imported by Ranjit Singh from the Punjab. In particular, they set up in Kotli Sikh Blacksmiths workshops which supplied the Sikh army with weaponry. |
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Following the death of Ranjit Singh in 1839 the Sikh Empire went into slow decline. Ranjit Singh was succeeded by his eldest son ] who was in power for only a few months before being removed and replaced by his son ]. Kharak Singh the eldest legitimate son of Ranjit Singh was imprisoned by the Sikhs and suffered a painful death through slow torturing. Whilst returning from the funeral of his father, Nau Nihal Singh was injured when the archway of a wall was made to collapse on him. Nau Nihal Singh was replaced by another son of Ranjit Singh, namely ]. Sher Singh was himself killed only two years later in 1841 as he reached for a new shotgun held by his cousin Ajit Singh Sandhawalia, who pulled the trigger. Sher Singh only had time to utter the words "what treachery" before Ajit Singh removed his head with a single blow from his sword. |
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The British replaced Pratap Singh (the grandson of Gulab Singh) with his brother ]{{disambiguation needed|date=August 2012}} who |
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in turn was succeeded by his own son ]. There the line of Dogra rulers would end as the heir |
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apparent ] never took the throne. |
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== Indo-Pakistan War of 1947-48 == |
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In November 1947, the Indian Army reached Kotli and evacuated the garrisons of the town. The Pakistani Army along with the ] and ] aided by the tribesmen of the ] arrived and counter-attacked, forcing the Indian Army to abandon it. Kotli has been under Pakistani rule since. |
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== Modern Kotli == |
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{{Unreferenced section|date=February 2011}} |
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Today Kotli is a winter town. Notable places in Kotli fist of all main kotli best place to visit is sarda point, near river gori park, roli hills, butt fire and many other today kotli shaping it self and it look like a mini islamabad the hill views river views and many more are Khuiratta, Chowki Tinda, Kurti, Roli, Brali and Dhamol. The town has become a vision of three-storey mansions that have taken over the once-barren roads between the outer ring villages and the ever-expanding city sitting on the brim of the Poonch River. The most famous and notable buildings are the three Khan-Wali fortresses: Khan-Wali House, Khan-Wali Palace, Khan-Wali Towers,Jame Masjid Gulhar Sharif,Jame Masjid Ghosia Balyah and Tehsil Guest House (Some Great people stayed there since it was built by Dogra rulers). |
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The mass emigration that took over the country in the 1960s has now created a steady boom of summer holiday makers from ] and beyond who seek to reconnect their European-born children to the old country. Kotli has international links throughout ] and ]. Like many Azad Kashmiris (] valley - a region found in the ] part of ]) living in the fringes of the ] in Mirpur, emigration fever took hold of the surrounding country from the mid 1950s onwards. |
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Kotli has ties with many European cities such as Amsterdam, Hamburg and especially the larger industrial cities of northern and central England. Many Kotli city residents have ties to British nationals in the city of ], ], ], ], ], ], ] and ]. Kotli is also known as the city of mosques due to the fact that there are more than three hundred mosques in Kotli. |
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== Communications == |
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* Four privately owned cable Television systems: Family Cable Network, Kashmir Cable Network, Kehkashan Cable Network and Janjora Cable Network, are available in Kotli, which transmit ]i and international television programs. |
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* A local FM radio station also broadcasts at FM 96.5. |
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* Cell phone service is available through six private cell phone operators: Mobilink, Ufone, Warid, Telenor, Zong and SCOM. PTCL Wireless is also available (Also Under The Authority of PTA Supervisor Adrees Adil). |
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== Friendship cities == |
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* {{flagicon|United Kingdom}} - ], ], ], ] |
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* {{flagicon|United Kingdom}} - ], ], ], ] |
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* {{flagicon|United Kingdom}} - ], ], ], ] |
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* {{flagicon|United Kingdom}} - ], ], ], ] |
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* {{flagicon|United Kingdom}} - ], ], ], ] |
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== See also == |
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* ] |
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== References == |
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{{reflist}} |
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{{reflist}} |
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malik |
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Malik clan (Kashmir) |
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(Redirected from Malik (Kashmir)) |
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The Malik (Kashmiri: मालिक (Devanagari), ملِک (Nastaleeq)) is a caste of Rajput status, found in principally in the Darhal Valley of Jammu & Kashmir, India and over the Pir Panjal mountains in Poonch (both Indian & Pakistani administered), Jammu and few are also found in the Kotli and Mirpur Districts of Azad Kashmir. Accorduing to the 1931 census, their male population numbered 19,000. |
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The Maliks are also found within the Kashmiri diaspora communities in Punjab region, namely in the cities of Amritsar and Ludhiana, where their traditional occupation has been weaving. |
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History |
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They describe themselves as having been brought into Poonch by the Mughal Emperor Akbar to guard the passes into Kashmir from the Punjab.. |
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Malik is title given to the tribe, according to their traditions by Emperor Akbar. They were required to defend the passes that led into Kashmir, and appear in the field for the Emperor when required. In return they were given villages.[7(area ROLI, RAJMEHL ,KALAH ,ETC |
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{{Kotli District}} |
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== External links == |
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{{Tehsils of Azad Kashmir}} |
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{{Pakistani cities}} |
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The city of Kotli dates back to the twelfth century, when it was settled by a branch of the Royal Mangral family of Kashmir, descendants of Raja Mangar Pal. Originally known as Kohtali, literally meaning "under mountain" due to the surrounding landscape. Kotli remained as a semi-auntonomous state until it was finally subdued by Ranjit Singh in 1819 and incorporated into the Sikh Empire.
Tehsils of Azad Jammu and Kashmir