Alexander Rudnay: Difference between revisions

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	{{Infobox Christian leader		{{Infobox Christian leader
	\| type = Cardinal		\| type = Cardinal
	\| honorific-prefix =]		\| honorific-prefix = ]
	\| name = ~~<br>Sándor~~ Rudnay		\| name =Alexander Rudnay
	\| honorific-suffix =		\| honorific-suffix =
	\| title = ]		\| title = ]
	\| image = Alexander Rudnay.jpg		\| image = Alexander Rudnay (cropped).jpg
	\| caption =		\| caption =
	\| province =		\| province =
	\| diocese =		\| diocese =
	\| see =		\| see =
	\| appointed =		\| appointed = 28 July 1819
	\| enthroned =		\| enthroned =
	\| ended =		\| ended = 13 September 1831
	\| predecessor =		\| predecessor = Karl Ambrose Ferdinand von Habsburg
	\| successor =		\| successor = József Kopácsy
	\| ordination =		\| ordination = 12 October 1783
	\| ordinated_by =		\| ordinated_by =
	\| consecration =		\| consecration = 21 April 1816
	\| consecrated_by =		\| consecrated_by = Sigismund Anton von Hohenwart
	\| cardinal =		\| cardinal = 15 December 1828
	\| rank =		\| rank = Cardinal
	\| other_post =		\| other_post =
			\| previous_post = ] <small>(1816-1819)</small>
	\| previous_post =
	\| birth_name = ~~Sándor Rudnay~~		\| birth_name =
	\| birth_date = 4 October 1760		\| birth_date = 4 October 1760
	\| birth_place = ], ] (today ])		\| birth_place = ], ] (today ], ])
	\| death_date = 13 September 1831		\| death_date = 13 September 1831
	\| death_place = ], ]		\| death_place = ], ]
	\| buried = ]		\| buried = ]
	\| nationality = Hungarian		\| nationality = Hungarian, Slovak
	\| religion = Roman Catholic		\| religion = Roman Catholic
	\| residence =		\| residence =
	\| parents =		\| parents = András Rudnay <br> Anna Dőry
	\| alma_mater =		\| alma_mater =
	\| signature =		\| signature = Signature rudnay alexander stefan.gif
	\| coat_of_arms =		\| coat_of_arms = COA cardinal SK Rudnay Alexander Stefan.png
	}}		}}

	]		]

	{{eastern name order\|rudnói és divékujfalusi Rudnay Sándor}}
			'''Alexander Stefan Rudnay de Rudna et Divékujfalu'''<ref></ref><ref name='Markó_325'>Markó 2006, p. 325.</ref> ({{langx\|hu\|rudnai és divékujfalusi Rudnay Sándor István}}; 4 October 1760 – 13 September 1831) was a ]–]<ref></ref> Roman Catholic ]. He started as a parish priest, but later he became the ], the ]<ref name="books.google.ro"></ref> and a ].
	'''Sándor Rudnay de Rudnó et Divékujfalu''' (4 October 1760 – 13 September 1831) was a ] Catholic ], ] and Cardinal.

	== Life ==		== Life ==
			Alexander Rudnay was born to a family of lower nobility,<ref name='Nagy1'>Nagy, Iván: ''''. Vol. IX. p. 797.</ref> which originated from the ancient Hungarian ''gens'' (clan) Divék.<ref name="Pallas2">{{cite news\|url = http://mek.oszk.hu/00000/00060/html/103/pc010336.html#3\|title=Pallas Nagy Lexikona\|publisher=Hungarian Electronic Library, mek.oszk.hu\|accessdate=2013-06-15}}</ref> The Rudnay family also preserved its ] from the genus: a brown bear under an extensive foliage of tee with blue background.<ref name='Pallas'></ref><ref name='Nagy2'>Nagy, Iván: ''''. Vol. II. pp. 207-208.</ref> His parents were András (Andrej) Rudnay,<ref>Mária Vyvíjalová, </ref> a servants' judge ({{langx\|hu\|szolgabíró}}; {{langx\|la\|iudex nobilium}}) and Anna Dőry.<ref name='Markó_325'>Markó 2006, p. 325.</ref> He studied in secondary school (gymnasium) in ] (''Nyitra''), later in Emerican in ], ] in ] (''Nagyszombat''), ] in ] and, finally, in the general seminary in Pressburg.
	Sándor Rudnay was born to a family of lower nobility, his parents were ]; Alexander Rudnay and Anna Dőry. He studied in secondary school (gymnasium) in ], later in Emerican in ], ] in ], ] in ] and, finally, in the general seminary in Bratislava.

	He was ordained on October 12, 1783 in ] and, in April 1784, he received his doctor degree in theology. In January 1785 started his spiritual career, and he was sent as a ] to ], ~~later~~ he served in ], ] and ]. In 1805 he became the canonical clergyman in ], 1806 rector of the priest seminary in Trnava and, a theology professor, 1808 a ] ], a general ] in Esztergom, and a viceroy's councilor. He was appointed as the ] of ] seated in ] in 1816. In December 1819 ~~Sándor~~ Rudnay obtained the ] with his nomination to ] and ]. Upon the emperor's personal request, he moved his seat 1820 from ] to ]. He was further the member of the Table of the Lords, secretary of the royal chancellery, and of the Secret Council. He adhered to the imperial court in ] and supported the ] culture, especially he saw that ] parishes were assigned to Slovak priests. In 1828, ] ] named him a ]. It is from this period that his most famous statement comes: ''„Slavus sum, et si in catedra Petri forem, Slavus ero.“'' ''(I am a Slovak, and I shall remain ~~one~~, even if I were to sit in the Chair of Saint Peter.''		He was ordained on October 12, 1783, in Trnava, and in April 1784 he received his doctor degree in theology. In January 1785 started his spiritual career, and he was sent as a ] to ] (''Cseszte''). Afterwards, he served in ] (''Garamszentbenedek''), Trnava and ] (''Nyitrakoros''). In 1805 he became the canonical clergyman in ], 1806 rector of the priest seminary in Trnava and, a theology professor, 1808 a ] ], a general ] in Esztergom, and a viceroy's councilor. He was appointed as the ] of ] seated in ] in 1816. In December 1819 Alexander Rudnay obtained the ] with his nomination to ] and ].<ref name='Markó_325'/> Upon the emperor's personal request, he moved his seat 1820 from Trnava to ]. He was further the member of the Table of the Lords, secretary of the royal chancellery, and of the Secret Council. He adhered to the imperial court in ] and supported the ] culture, especially he saw that ] parishes were assigned to Slovak priests. In 1828, ] named him a ].<ref name='Markó_325'/> It is from this period that his most famous statement comes: ''„Slavus sum, et si in catedra Petri forem, Slavus ero.“'' ''(I am a Slovak, and I shall remain Slovak, even if I were to sit in the Chair of Saint Peter.)''.<ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=REoEiZFu8ooC&q=Alexander+Rudnay&pg=SL1-PA4547\|title = Congressional Record: Proceedings and Debates of the ... Congress\|last1 = Congress\|first1 = United States\|year = 1951}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://cardinals.fiu.edu/bios1826-ii.htm#Rudnay\|title=The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church - Biographical Dictionary - Consistory of October 2, 1826}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Rys9EAAAQBAJ&q=Alexander+Rudnay+ich+bin+ein+slowak&pg=PA77\|title=Lehrbuch der slowakischen Sprache für Slawisten I\|isbn=9783754334331\|last1=Pukanec\|first1=Martin\|date=11 August 2021\|publisher=BoD – Books on Demand }}</ref>

	== Works ==		== Works ==
	Inspired by the movement of ] this progressive clergyman supported the spiritual development of Slovaks and their national revival. In 1822 as ] and ] of ], he began the construction of the ] ~~towards which he~~ personally ~~contributed~~ ~~with~~ 815,696 ]. It is also the place of his final rest.		Inspired by the movement of ] this progressive clergyman supported the spiritual development of Slovaks and their national revival. In 1822 as ] and ] of ], he began the construction of the ], personally contributing 815,696 ]. It is also the place of his final rest.
	]		] in Esztergom]]

	* ''Erköltsi Keresztény Oktatások különösen a fenyitö házakban raboskodónak remélhetö megjobbitásokra'' (Christian Moral Teachings especially for the Betterment of Prisoners), 1819		* ''Erköltsi Keresztény Oktatások különösen a fenyitö házakban raboskodónak remélhetö megjobbitásokra'' (Christian Moral Teachings especially for the Betterment of Prisoners), 1819
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	== References ==		== References ==
			{{Reflist\|2}}
⚫	* Mária Vyvíjalová: Alexander Rudnay, 1998 Vydavateľstvo Matice slovenskej, ISBN 80-7090-493-3

			==Sources==
		⚫	* Mária Vyvíjalová: Alexander Rudnay, 1998 Vydavateľstvo Matice slovenskej, {{ISBN\|80-7090-493-3}}
			* Markó, László: A magyar állam főméltóságai Szent Istvántól napjainkig: Életrajzi Lexikon ''(The High Officers of the Hungarian State from Saint Stephen to the Present Days: A Biographical Encyclopedia)'' (2nd edition); Helikon Kiadó Kft., 2006, Budapest; {{ISBN\|963-547-085-1}}.
	* , in Constant von Wurzbach, ''Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich'', 27. Band, Wien 1874.		* , in Constant von Wurzbach, ''Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich'', 27. Band, Wien 1874.
	*		*
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	*		*
	*		*
	*		* {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080311115700/http://www.telecom.gov.sk/externe/znamky/2002/02270.html \|date=2008-03-11 }}
	* ]]		*

	{{s-start}}		{{s-start}}
	{{s-rel\|ca}}		{{s-rel\|ca}}
			{{succession box \|
			before=] \|
			title=]\|
			after=] \|
			years=1815–1819}}
	{{succession box \|		{{succession box \|
	before=] \|		before=] \|
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	{{s-end}}		{{s-end}}

			{{Subject bar \|portal1= Biography \|portal2= Catholicism \|portal3= Hungary}}
	{{Authority control~~\|VIAF=59943121~~}}		{{Authority control}}
	{{Persondata <!-- Metadata: see ]. -->

	\| NAME = Rudnay, Sandor
	\| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
	\| SHORT DESCRIPTION = Catholic cardinal
	\| DATE OF BIRTH = October 4, 1760
	\| PLACE OF BIRTH =
	\| DATE OF DEATH = September 13, 1831
	\| PLACE OF DEATH =
	}}
	{{DEFAULTSORT:Rudnay, Sandor}}		{{DEFAULTSORT:Rudnay, Sandor}}
	]		]
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	]		]
	]		]
	]		]
⚫	]
⚫	]
	]		]
	]
	]		]
	]
	]
	]		]
		⚫	]
		⚫	]
			]

Latest revision as of 06:00, 1 November 2024

His Eminence Alexander Rudnay
Cardinal Archbishop of Esztergom

Appointed	28 July 1819
Term ended	13 September 1831
Predecessor	Karl Ambrose Ferdinand von Habsburg
Successor	József Kopácsy
Previous post(s)	Bishop of Transilvania (1816-1819)
Orders
Ordination	12 October 1783
Consecration	21 April 1816 by Sigismund Anton von Hohenwart
Created cardinal	15 December 1828
Rank	Cardinal
Personal details
Born	4 October 1760 Szentkereszt, Kingdom of Hungary (today Považany, Slovakia)
Died	13 September 1831 Esztergom, Kingdom of Hungary
Buried	Esztergom Basilica
Nationality	Hungarian, Slovak
Denomination	Roman Catholic
Parents	András Rudnay Anna Dőry
Signature
Coat of arms

Alexander Stefan Rudnay de Rudna et Divékujfalu (Hungarian: rudnai és divékujfalusi Rudnay Sándor István; 4 October 1760 – 13 September 1831) was a Hungarian–Slovak Roman Catholic prelate. He started as a parish priest, but later he became the Archbishop of Esztergom, the Prince Primate of Hungary and a Cardinal.

Life

Alexander Rudnay was born to a family of lower nobility, which originated from the ancient Hungarian gens (clan) Divék. The Rudnay family also preserved its coat of arms from the genus: a brown bear under an extensive foliage of tee with blue background. His parents were András (Andrej) Rudnay, a servants' judge (Hungarian: szolgabíró; Latin: iudex nobilium) and Anna Dőry. He studied in secondary school (gymnasium) in Nitra (Nyitra), later in Emerican in Pressburg, philosophy in Trnava (Nagyszombat), theology in Buda and, finally, in the general seminary in Pressburg.

He was ordained on October 12, 1783, in Trnava, and in April 1784 he received his doctor degree in theology. In January 1785 started his spiritual career, and he was sent as a chaplain to Častá (Cseszte). Afterwards, he served in Hronský Beňadik (Garamszentbenedek), Trnava and Krušovce (Nyitrakoros). In 1805 he became the canonical clergyman in Esztergom, 1806 rector of the priest seminary in Trnava and, a theology professor, 1808 a titular bishop, a general vicarius in Esztergom, and a viceroy's councilor. He was appointed as the bishop of Transylvania seated in Gyulafehérvár in 1816. In December 1819 Alexander Rudnay obtained the papal bull with his nomination to archbishop of Esztergom and primate of Hungary. Upon the emperor's personal request, he moved his seat 1820 from Trnava to Esztergom. He was further the member of the Table of the Lords, secretary of the royal chancellery, and of the Secret Council. He adhered to the imperial court in Vienna and supported the Slovak culture, especially he saw that Slovak parishes were assigned to Slovak priests. In 1828, Pope Leo XII named him a Cardinal. It is from this period that his most famous statement comes: „Slavus sum, et si in catedra Petri forem, Slavus ero.“ (I am a Slovak, and I shall remain Slovak, even if I were to sit in the Chair of Saint Peter.).

Works

Inspired by the movement of Enlightenment this progressive clergyman supported the spiritual development of Slovaks and their national revival. In 1822 as archbishop of Esztergom and primas of Hungary, he began the construction of the Esztergom Basilica, personally contributing 815,696 forints. It is also the place of his final rest.

Erköltsi Keresztény Oktatások különösen a fenyitö házakban raboskodónak remélhetö megjobbitásokra (Christian Moral Teachings especially for the Betterment of Prisoners), 1819
Kázne príhodné, ai iné, to gest: 82 reči duchownich.. (Occasional and Other Sermons, i.e.: 82 spiritual speeches...), 1833
various pastoral letters, speeches, preaching published individually

Honours

Esztergom, Hungary: One of the main squares of Esztergom named after Sándor Rudnay. His plaque located at the wall of Szent Anna church.
Váchartyán, Hungary: Suburban estate Rudnaykert ("Rudnay Garden") named after him.
Bratislava, Slovakia: The square in front of St. Martin's Dome named after him.
In 2002, the Slovak Postal Office issued a stamp with a face value of 17 crowns in his remembrance.

References

Revue d'histoire ecclésiastique
^ Markó 2006, p. 325.
The Encyclopaedia of Slovakia and the Slovaks
R. J. W. Evans: Austria, Hungary, and the Habsburgs: Central Europe C.1683-1867
Nagy, Iván: Magyarország családai czímerekkel és nemzékrendi táblákkal. Vol. IX. p. 797.
"Pallas Nagy Lexikona". Hungarian Electronic Library, mek.oszk.hu. Retrieved 2013-06-15.
Pallas Great Lexicon
Nagy, Iván: Magyarország családai czímerekkel és nemzékrendi táblákkal. Vol. II. pp. 207-208.
Mária Vyvíjalová, Alexander Rudnay v kontexte slovenského národnoobrodenského hnutia
Congress, United States (1951). "Congressional Record: Proceedings and Debates of the ... Congress".
"The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church - Biographical Dictionary - Consistory of October 2, 1826".
Pukanec, Martin (11 August 2021). Lehrbuch der slowakischen Sprache für Slawisten I. BoD – Books on Demand. ISBN 9783754334331.

Sources

Mária Vyvíjalová: Alexander Rudnay, 1998 Vydavateľstvo Matice slovenskej, ISBN 80-7090-493-3
Markó, László: A magyar állam főméltóságai Szent Istvántól napjainkig: Életrajzi Lexikon (The High Officers of the Hungarian State from Saint Stephen to the Present Days: A Biographical Encyclopedia) (2nd edition); Helikon Kiadó Kft., 2006, Budapest; ISBN 963-547-085-1.
Rudnay de Rudna und Divék-Ujfalá, Alexander, in Constant von Wurzbach, Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich, 27. Band, Wien 1874.
Szinnyei József: Magyar írók élete és munkái ("József Szinnyei: Life and works of the Hungarian writers")

External links

Biography in Slovak
CV in Slovak
Postal Stamp with Alexander Rudnay Archived 2008-03-11 at the Wayback Machine
Web page of his native village Považany

Catholic Church titles
Preceded byJózsef Mártonffy	Bishop of Transylvania 1815–1819	Succeeded byIgnác Szepesy
Preceded byArchduke Karl of Austria-Este	Archbishop of Esztergom 1819–1831	Succeeded byJózsef Kopácsy

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