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{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2019}} | |||
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2019}} | |||
{{Infobox settlement | {{Infobox settlement | ||
| name |
| name = Nagercoil | ||
| settlement_type = City | |||
| native_name = நாகர்கோவில் | |||
| image_skyline = {{multiple image|perrow = 1/2/2|align = center|total_width=300|caption_align=center| | |||
| native_name_lang = ta | |||
| image1 = Nagercoil Clock Tower.jpg | |||
| other_name = Nagercoil | |||
| settlement_type = Municipality | |||
| image3 = St. Xavier's Church, Kottar.JPG | |||
| image_skyline = Hill Scenery - Nagercoil-Trivandrum Highway (Chunkankadai).jpg | |||
| image4 = Nagercoil Junction Railway Station.JPG | |||
| image_alt = | |||
| image_caption = Nagercoil is Hill locked by the ] | |||
| nickname = | |||
| map_alt = | |||
| map_caption = | |||
| pushpin_map = India Tamil Nadu | |||
| pushpin_label_position = right | |||
| pushpin_map_alt = | |||
| pushpin_map_caption = | |||
| latd = 8.17 | |||
| latm = | |||
| lats = | |||
| latNS = N | |||
| longd = 77.43 | |||
| longm = | |||
| longs = | |||
| longEW = E | |||
| coordinates_display = inline,title | |||
| subdivision_type = Country | |||
| subdivision_name = India | |||
| subdivision_type1 = ] | |||
| subdivision_name1 = ] | |||
| subdivision_type2 = ] | |||
| subdivision_name2 = ] | |||
| established_title = <!-- Established --> | |||
| established_date = | |||
| founder = | |||
| named_for = | |||
| government_type = | |||
| governing_body = | |||
| unit_pref = Metric | |||
| area_footnotes = | |||
| area_rank = | |||
| area_total_km2 = 49.37 | |||
| elevation_footnotes = | |||
| elevation_m = 40 | |||
| population_total = 224329 | |||
| population_as_of = 2011 | |||
| population_rank = | |||
| population_density_km2 = 9813 | |||
| population_demonym = | |||
| population_footnotes = | |||
| blank3_name_sec1 = Literacy | |||
| blank3_info_sec1 = 100% | |||
| demographics_type1 = Languages | |||
| demographics1_title1 = Official | |||
| demographics1_info1 = ] | |||
| timezone1 = ] | |||
| utc_offset1 = +5:30 | |||
| postal_code_type = ] | |||
| postal_code = 629 xxx | |||
| area_code_type = Telephone code | |||
| area_code = 91-4652 | |||
| registration_plate = TN-74 & TN-75 | |||
| website = {{URL|http://municipality.tn.gov.in/nagarcoil/}} | |||
| footnotes = | |||
}} | }} | ||
| image_caption = '''Clockwise from top:''' | |||
'''Nagercoil''' is the 11th largest city in the southernmost ]n state of ] and a ] and administrative headquarters of ]. The town is situated close to the tip of the Indian peninsula, locked with the ] on all sides and is the southernmost town on the Indian mainland. The town was a part of the erstwhile ] state, or later ] state, till almost a decade after the ] in 1947. In 1956, the city and the District were merged with Tamil Nadu. In its earlier days, the town and its surroundings were known as '']''. It also serves as the Headquarters for ],<ref></ref> an Space research arm of The Government of ]. The public sector ] (IREL) also has its largest facility at Manavaalakurichy, near the town, which pioneers in the mining, processing and production of ].<ref></ref> | |||
], ], St. Xavier's Cathedral, ] | |||
| image_alt = | |||
| nicknames = Granary of South Travancore, Greenest City of Tamilnadu, City of Temple Jewels, Southernmost City of India. | |||
| map_alt = | |||
| map_caption = Nagercoil in Tamil Nadu | |||
| pushpin_map = India Tamil Nadu | |||
| pushpin_label_position = right | |||
| pushpin_map_alt = | |||
| pushpin_map_caption = | |||
| coordinates = {{coord|8|10|30|N|77|25|50|E|display=inline,title}} | |||
| subdivision_type = ] | |||
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}} | |||
| subdivision_type1 = ] | |||
| subdivision_name1 = ] ] | |||
| subdivision_type2 = ] | |||
| subdivision_name2 = ] | |||
| named_for = "Temple of the ]s" | |||
| government_type = ] | |||
| governing_body = ] | |||
| leader_title1 = Mayor | |||
| leader_name1 = Mr. Magesh ] ] | |||
| leader_title2 = Deputy Mayor | |||
| leader_name2 = Mrs. Mary Princy ] | |||
| leader_title3 = Corporation Commissioner | |||
| leader_name3 = Mr. Nishant Krishna<ref>{{Cite web |title=Commissioner |url=https://nagercoilcorporation.in/commissioner/ |access-date=2024-04-25 |website=Nagercoil Corporation |language=en-US}}</ref> ] | |||
| leader_title4 = Member of Parliament | |||
| leader_name4 = ] | |||
| leader_title5 = | |||
| leader_name5 = | |||
| unit_pref = | |||
| area_footnotes = | |||
| area_rank = | |||
| area_total_km2 = 61.36 | |||
| elevation_footnotes = | |||
| elevation_m = 82 | |||
| population_total = 289,916 | |||
| population_as_of = 2011 | |||
| population_density_km2 = auto | |||
| population_demonym = | |||
| population_footnotes = <ref>{{cite web|url=https://nagercoilcorporation.in/about-nagercoil-corporation/|title=Nagercoil corporation}}</ref> | |||
| blank3_name_sec1 = Literacy | |||
| blank3_info_sec1 = 96.99%<ref>{{cite web|title=Census2011|url=http://www.census2011.co.in/census/city/490-nagercoil.html|website=Tamil Nadu Population Census data 2011|publisher=Tamil Nadu Government|access-date=2 April 2015}}</ref> | |||
| blank2_name_sec2 = ] | |||
| blank2_info_sec2 = ]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://en.climate-data.org/asia/india/tamil-nadu/nagercoil-23976/|title=Nagercoil climate: Average Temperature, weather by month, Nagercoil weather averages - Climate-Data.org|website=en.climate-data.org}}</ref> {{small|(])}} | |||
| blank3_name_sec2 = ] | |||
| blank3_info_sec2 = {{convert|2477.7|mm|in}} | |||
| demographics_type1 = Languages | |||
| demographics1_title1 = Official | |||
| demographics1_title2 = Deputy mayor | |||
| demographics1_info1 = ] | |||
| demographics1_info2 = | |||
| timezone1 = ] | |||
| utc_offset1 = +5:30 | |||
| postal_code_type = ] | |||
| postal_code = 629001,629002,629003,629004 | |||
| area_code_type = Telephone code | |||
| area_code = 91-4652 & 91-4651 | |||
| registration_plate = TN-74 & TN-75 | |||
| official_name = | |||
| leader_title = Member of Legislative Assembly | |||
| leader_name = ] | |||
}} | |||
'''Nagercoil''', also spelt as '''Nagarkovil'''{{refn|group=note|''Nagercoil'' is the anglicized spelling in ], and ''Nāgar-kōvil'' is the ] spelling from ].}} ("Temple of the ]s", or Nagaraja-Temple), is a city and the administrative headquarters of ] in ] state, India. Situated close to the tip of the ], it lies on an undulating terrain between the ] and the ]. <ref name="test">{{cite web|url=https://www.cleartrip.com/india/nagercoil/|title=Nagercoil Tourism, Nagercoil Travel Guide - Cleartrip|website=Cleartrip Tourism}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://global.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/401660/Nagercoil|title=Nagercoil}}</ref> | |||
] | |||
Nagercoil is a centre for a range of economic activities in the small but densely-populated ]. Economic activities in and around the city include tourism, wind energy, IT services, marine fish production and exports, rubber and cloves plantations, agro-crops, floral production, manufacture of fishnets, rubber products among other activities.<ref>{{cite web|title=Kanyakumari District Statistical Handbook |url=https://cdn.s3waas.gov.in/s38fe0093bb30d6f8c31474bd0764e6ac0/uploads/2018/04/2018041097.pdf}}</ref> | |||
'Nagercoil Cloves' is a distinct quality of dried cloves in the spices market, noted for its aroma and medicinal value.<ref>{{cite book|title=Cultivation of Spices |date = 11 February 2003|isbn = 9788178330648|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0tKiCwAAQBAJ&q=cloves+nagercoil+spices+board&pg=PT115 }}</ref> ], pepper and other spices are grown in estates in the ], outside the town. | |||
Nagercoil is also the nearest city to the ], ]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://frontline.thehindu.com/science-and-technology/swadeshi-success/article9731146.ece|title=Swadeshi success|website=Frontline|date=21 June 2017 }}</ref> and the ].<ref>{{Cite web |date=March 2011 |title=Site Evaluation Report for KKNPP Units 3 to 6 |url=https://www.npcil.nic.in/WriteReadData/userfiles/file/SER_KKNPP_3_6_21jun2012.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221213222240/https://www.npcil.nic.in/WriteReadData/userfiles/file/SER_KKNPP_3_6_21jun2012.pdf |archive-date=Dec 13, 2022 |website=npcil.nic.in}}</ref> | |||
The city, along with the district of Kanyakumari, stands at the top in many ] parameters in Tamil Nadu state, including education, per capita income, health indices, etc.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/kanniyakumari-tops-hdi-rankings/article18470625.ece|title=Kanniyakumari tops HDI rankings|first=T.|last=Ramakrishnan|newspaper=The Hindu|date=17 May 2017}}</ref> | |||
The municipality of Nagercoil was upgraded as a Municipal corporation on the eve of its 100th year as a city on 14 February 2019.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/tamil-nadus-hosur-nagercoil-to-become-corporations/articleshow/67976076.cms|title=Tamil Nadu's Hosur, Nagercoil to become corporations |website=The Times of India|date=13 February 2019 |access-date=2019-02-14 |first=Julie |last=Mariappan }}</ref> | |||
==Climate== | |||
] ]] | |||
Nagercoil has a pleasant, though humid, climate for a major part of the year. The maximum temperature during the summer hovers around 86 °F or 30 °C with moderate humidity at times. Nagercoil is the only Indian Town to receive both the north-east ] and the south-west monsoon. It rains more often in ] than in any other part of Tamil Nadu, with the exception of the ]. Due to geographical conditions, the southern tip of ] is generally 3 °C to 4 °C hotter than Nagercoil during the daytime, though Kanyakumari is only 20 km away. | |||
==Etymology== | |||
{{Weather box | |||
Nagercoil derives from the Tamil expression ''Nagaraja koyil'', meaning "temple of Nagas".<ref>{{Cite web |title=About Nagercoil Corporation |url=https://nagercoilcorporation.in/about-nagercoil-corporation/ |access-date=2024-04-29 |website=Nagercoil Corporation |language=en-US}}</ref> | |||
|location = Kanyakumari | |||
|metric first = Y | |||
|single line = Y | |||
|temperature colour = pastel | |||
|Jan high C = 25 | |||
|Feb high C = 29 | |||
|Mar high C = 29 | |||
|Apr high C = 31 | |||
|May high C = 32 | |||
|Jun high C = 27 | |||
|Jul high C = 27 | |||
|Aug high C = 26 | |||
|Sep high C = 28 | |||
|Oct high C = 26 | |||
|Nov high C = 25 | |||
|Dec high C = 22 | |||
|year high C = | |||
|Jan low C = 18 | |||
|Feb low C = 21 | |||
|Mar low C = 22 | |||
|Apr low C = 24 | |||
|May low C = 26 | |||
|Jun low C = 21 | |||
|Jul low C = 22 | |||
|Aug low C = 21 | |||
|Sep low C = 21 | |||
|Oct low C = 22 | |||
|Nov low C = 19 | |||
|Dec low C = 16 | |||
|year low C = | |||
|rain colour = green | |||
|Jan rain mm = 103.70 | |||
|Feb rain mm = 128.60 | |||
|Mar rain mm = 189.80 | |||
|Apr rain mm = 274.70 | |||
|May rain mm = 307.53 | |||
|Jun rain mm = 541.79 | |||
|Jul rain mm = 557.77 | |||
|Aug rain mm = 498.01 | |||
|Sep rain mm = 389.00 | |||
|Oct rain mm = 556.38 | |||
|Nov rain mm = 593.62 | |||
|Dec rain mm = 507.96 | |||
|year precipitation mm = | |||
|source 1 = ],<ref>{{cite web | |||
|url=http://en.climate-data.org/location/23976/|publisher=Climate-data.org}}</ref>}} | |||
==Demographics== | ==Demographics== | ||
{{Main|Demographics of India|Demographics of Tamil Nadu|Demographics of Kerala}} | |||
According to the ], Nagercoil had a population of 289,916 with a female-male sex ratio of 1.05, well above the national average of 0.929 females/male.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-tamilnadu/time-to-ensure-scientific-disposal-of-garbage/article2859659.ece|title=Time to ensure scientific disposal of garbage|first=P. s Suresh|last=Kumar|newspaper=The Hindu|date=4 February 2012}}</ref><ref name="dashboard">{{cite web|title=Census Info 2011 Final population totals|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/censusinfodashboard/index.html|publisher=Office of The Registrar General and Census Commissioner, Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India|year=2013|access-date=26 January 2014}}</ref> A total of 20,241 were under the age of six, constituting 10,119 males and 10,122 females. ] accounted for 4.19% and 0.17% of the population respectively. The literacy rate of the city was 96.99%.<ref name="dashboard"/> The city had a total of 59,997 households. There were a total of 76,345 workers, comprising 244 cultivators, 1,155 main agricultural laborers, 2,271 in household industries, 67,050 other workers, 5,625 marginal workers, 110 marginal cultivators, 361 marginal agricultural laborers, 447 marginal workers in household industries and 4,707 other marginal workers.<ref name=2011census>{{cite web|title=Census Info 2011 Final population totals - Nagercoil|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/pca/SearchDetails.aspx?Id=703039|publisher=Office of The Registrar General and Census Commissioner, Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India|year=2013|access-date=26 January 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924150440/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/pca/SearchDetails.aspx?Id=703039|archive-date=24 September 2015}}</ref> | |||
{{As of|2011}} India ],<ref>{{GR|India}}</ref> Nagercoil had a population of 224,329 of which 110,132 are Males and 114,197 are females.<ref></ref> Nagercoil has an average literacy rate of 100%.<ref></ref> In Nagercoil, 8.5% of the population is between the age group of 0 – 6 years. | |||
Though the official population count (for the ] area) is close to 2.25 lakhs, a significant population lives outside the municipal limits, in the suburbs.] is the most spoken language. ] is also widely understood and spoken in the city. | |||
==Economy== | |||
The greatest concentration of the population of the town and the District is along the coastal belt, on the eastern side, while the largely forested areas on the western side of the district (along the Western Ghats) are sparsely populated. | |||
{{Main|Economy of Tamil Nadu}} | |||
The city is one among the 50 Indian cities to be ranked in the World Startup Index of 1,000 cities.<ref name="startupblink.com">{{Cite web|url=https://www.startupblink.com/|title=Global Map of Startups & Ecosystem Rankings |website=StartupBlink }}</ref> The major software companies present in Nagercoil are CapeStart Inc., ], ] and American stock exchange ].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/hinduja-global-solutions-opens-centre-at-nagercoil-in-tn-110050600195_1.html|title=Hinduja Global Solutions opens centre at Nagercoil in TN|newspaper=Business Standard India|date=6 May 2010 |agency=Press Trust of India}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://tech.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/technology/nasdaq-to-work-with-indian-fintech-cos-to-build-next-gen-local-products/59626463|title=Nasdaq to work with Indian fintech cos to build next gen local products |first=Nilesh |last=Christopher|newspaper=The Economic Times}}</ref> The city also has small aerospace manufacturing plants and satellite fabricating firms serving the ]s facility in ], Mahendragiri.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil-nadu/2018/jan/13/chandrayaan-2-set-for-bungee-jump-test-in-mahendragiri-hills-of-tamil-nadu-1752404.html|title=Chandrayaan-2 set for bungee jump test in Mahendragiri hills of Tamil Nadu|website=The New Indian Express |date=13 January 2018 |author=SV Krishna Chaitanya }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/in-other-news/091016/noorul-islam-university-hands-over-nano-satellite-to-isro.html|title=Noorul Islam University hands over nano satellite to ISRO|date=9 October 2016|website=Deccan Chronicle}}</ref> The Regional Academic Centre for Space by Indian Space Research Organisation, one among the only six incubation centers for Space Startups in India, is under construction in Nagercoil.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/karnataka/2018/sep/19/isro-to-fund-research-in-twelve-cities-1874006.html|title=ISRO to fund research in twelve cities|website=The New Indian Express |date=19 September 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/city/isro-opens-first-its-six-693349.html|title=ISRO opens first of its six planned incubation centres|date=18 September 2018|website=Deccan Herald |first=Rasheed |last=Kappan}}</ref> The ] has a small scale windmill unit.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/ICF-to-install-windmills/articleshow/4102273.cms|title=ICF to install windmills |website=The Times of India|date=10 February 2009 }}</ref> The export of 95 tons of fruits and vegetables to the Gulf Countries through the Thiruvananthapuram airports is a major source of revenue for the city, with food processing companies generating a daily revenue of ₹16.7 ] and an annual revenue of ₹6.1 billion.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/export-of-perishables-hit/article19519988.ece|title=Export of perishables hit|first=S. Anil|last=Radhakrishnan|newspaper=The Hindu|date=18 August 2017}}</ref> The flower market of ] exports 350 tons of Flowers to Kerala, Europe and Middle Eastern countries generating an annual revenue of ₹250 ].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://english.mathrubhumi.com/news/offbeat/thovalai-flowers-gearing-up-for-onam-kanyakumari-onam-season-1.2188380|title=Thovalai flowers gearing up for Onam|website=Mathrubhumi |date=Aug 24, 2017 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200229140140/https://english.mathrubhumi.com/news/offbeat/thovalai-flowers-gearing-up-for-onam-kanyakumari-onam-season-1.2188380 |archive-date=Feb 29, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Madurai/traders-stare-at-losses-as-kerala-floods-hit-business/article24718837.ece|title=Traders stare at losses as Kerala floods hit business|first=P.|last=Sudhakar|newspaper=The Hindu|date=17 August 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/madurai/worst-onam-for-thovalai-flower-market-in-recent-times/articleshow/65536468.cms|title=Worst Onam for Thovalai flower market in recent times |website=The Times of India|date=25 August 2018 }}</ref> | |||
The major cottage industries like Fish-net manufacturing, Rubber industries, Jewellery manufacturing are industries serving the domestic and export markets.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/trichy/nagercoil-temple-jewellery-made-with-peculiar-stones-gets-gi-tag-geographical-indications-tag/articleshow/65095824.cms|title=Nagercoil temple jewellery made with peculiar stones gets Geographical Indications tag |website=The Times of India|date=23 July 2018 |author=D Vincent Arockiaraj }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-tamilnadu/Fishermen-thirst-for-scientific-solutions/article14849043.ece|title=Fishermen thirst for scientific solutions|newspaper=The Hindu|date=2 October 2007}}</ref> The minor ] include Surgical Gloves, ]-making, floral trade, handloom-weaving, cashew nut, spices, food-processing units, and lace-making (export-oriented).<ref>{{cite news|title=Form casteless society, youth told |url=http://www.hindu.com/2004/10/03/stories/2004100303550300.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041014200124/http://www.hindu.com/2004/10/03/stories/2004100303550300.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=14 October 2004|date=3 October 2004|work=] |access-date=2013-08-08}}</ref> Nagercoil has the highest per capita income of ₹2,76,454 (US$3,800), making it among the richest small cities in India. | |||
===Energy=== | |||
==Culture and religion== | |||
{{Main|Wind power in India}} | |||
Tamil is official language in ]. Tamil and Malayalam are spoken by the people. Tamil language along with English is used as a medium of teaching in all major schools. The Tamil spoken here is a mix of Malayalam and Tamil, sometimes unintelligible to the people of North Tamil Nadu. The culture is a mixture of ] and Malayalam culture and traditions. ], ] and ] are the major religions in the town and district. | |||
] and Aralvaimozhi region near Nagercoil]] | |||
The city has an installed windmill capacity of 1500 MW catering to 20% of the state's renewable electricity needs. Muppandhal has emerged as the wind power hub, with plant owners eager to cash in on the ₹2.90 per unit purchase price being offered by the ].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-tamilnadu/State-betters-its-record-in-windmill-energy-production/article14808974.ece|title=State betters its record in windmill energy production|newspaper=The Hindu|date=3 August 2007}}</ref> | |||
==Architecture== | |||
==Traditional Cuisine== | |||
{{Main|Architecture of Kerala|Architecture of Tamil Nadu|Tamil architecture}} | |||
It is home to the famous Nanjilnadu cuisine, which is one of the two famous Tamil cuisines, the other being the Chettinad Cuisine.<ref></ref> This cuisine is known for its unique appetizing, savory and delicious Spiced Local Touch.<ref></ref> These food traditions are believe to have been passed on through the Chera, Chola and Pandya kings, which was found in literary works like Bhojana Kudhoogalam (Ecstasy of Food), Baga Saastram (Art of Cooking), Tamizhar Uravu (Tamil Kinship), and Marattiar Seppedugal (Maratta Copper Plate Inscriptions).<ref></ref> The Nanjinadu seafood cuisine is also having its unique flavour followed widely in the states of ] and ].<ref></ref> | |||
] | |||
Food prepared here is also a mix of Kerala/Tamil Nadu traditions. Puttu, Appam, Idiappam are popular food items and so are rice murukku, and achu-murukku. Curries here are made with coconut and coconut oil which is now considered Nanjil or Nagercoil style cooking. The modernisation and sophistication that has crept into the present lifestyle has not erased out most of the traditional food culture of the city.<ref></ref> But an unique feature is that some traditional rare dishes are becoming endangered or are going extinct, due to the negligance of learning by the future generation.<ref></ref> It enjoys a blend of ] and ] cuisine. Rice is the staple food. Fish is popular and forms a part of everyday meal for many. People generally prefer marine fish to fresh water fish. | |||
The architecture of Nagercoil consists of an eclectic combination of architectural styles, ranging from those that predate the creation of the town, from the early ] and ], to English ], to the 21st century contemporary. Although there are prehistoric and classical structures in the city, the architectural history of Nagercoil effectively begins with the first small settlements from 3 A.D. The Roman naturalist and writer ] mentions Nagercoil as a commercial metropolis, having trade links with his contemporaneous Roman merchants, who traded and stayed in unique rock-walled, clay-roofed structures. This legacy can be found in some of the town's old heritage structures like the ]. The temple has two main deities, Krishna (revered as Ananda Krishna) and Nagaraja. The upadevathas are Shiva, Subrahmanya Swami, Ganesha, Devi, and Dwarapalaka. As an ancient tradition, the priests are Namboothiri Brahmins who are referred by the Pambumekkat mana in Thrissur, Kerala. Later on, Dravidian and Kerala architectural styles began to appear in the area. This can be attributed to the construction of the ] in the 16th century.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/br/2002/01/29/stories/2002012900150300.htm|title=History of Suchindram temples|website=The Hindu}}</ref> | |||
The 14th century ] serves as a testimony to the mix of Roman and native architecture. While Saint Xavier was doing missionary work at Kottar and its neighborhood, he averted an invasion of Padagas and thus protected the people of the Venad kingdom from that attack which was appreciated by the king, Unni Kerala Varma. In recognition of Xavier's services, the king allotted him a piece of land to construct a Catholic church, as a gesture of goodwill, as per the church records. There was already a small church, in the same place where St. Xavier's church stands at present, dedicated to Mary the Mother of God, since AD 1544. | |||
The food is generally spicy with coconut an important ingredient in almost all side dishes and curry, very much like that of neighbouring Kerala. Seafood is popular among the people, though there are also many vegetarians in and around the town.<ref></ref> | |||
Banana & Jack fruit plays a main role in the town's Sweet/sour recipes. Its been told that the word Jack actually derived from Tamil name of the fruit சக்கை/பலாப்பழம். | |||
Banana Chips (நேந்திரம் பழம்/ஏத்தன் பழம்-a special variety specially produced for making chips) a snack. Upperi (உப்பேரி) is made by dipping the banana in palm sugar locally known as சர்க்கரை/பனைவெல்லம். Nenthrambazha Bajji, a snack made out of banana is famous here. | |||
The brilliant artistic influence of Kerala and British architecture marvels are seen in the Nagercoil Palace, ], ], ], ], ], ], Sethu Lakshmi Bai School, Nagercoil Court, The Concordia Seminary, Filter House, ] and many more heritage structures in and around the town. | |||
==Festival== | |||
Some of the widely celebrated festivals here are ],which is celebrated for three days<ref></ref><ref></ref>, ] is another Festival widely celebrated among the ] speaking population by drawing the `atha poo' (flower decoration) in the floor<ref></ref><ref></ref>, ] "Ther Festival", ], Deepavali, ], ], ], ]'s feast, Bhagavathy Amman Temple festival, Ramzan (Eid ul fitr) and Bakrid (Eid ul alha). | |||
The Nagercoil Clock Tower is the most visible to the outside world, situated in the heart of the town, which was built to commemorate the visit of Sri Moolam Thirunal, the ruler of ], in 1893, and was designed by Hogeorf and S. Horesly of England. The Maharajah himself inaugurated it on 15 February of that year. The pendulum of the clock was made in Derbyshire by Smith of Derby Group, ]. The clock is attached to a 60-foot-long chain with a weight, operated with pulleys through gravitational force. The clock in the Nagercoil Clock Tower was presented to the Maharajah by Rev. James Duthie. of the London Missionary Society.<ref name="OnlineKanyakumari.Com">{{cite web|title=Nagercoil Clock Tower - Nagercoil Mani Medai |url=http://www.onlinekanyakumari.com/nagercoil-clock-tower-tower-junction-mani-medai-manimedai/|publisher=OnlineKanyakumari.Com|access-date=16 July 2016}}</ref> The total cost for constructing the Nagercoil Clock Tower was ₹ 3,258, 9 Chakrams and 12 Kasu. The Maharajah of Travancore donated ₹ 1017, and the balance was donated by the public.<ref name="OnlineKanyakumari.Com"/> | |||
==Environmental Degradation== | |||
Due to Extensive rock blasting in the scenic and hilly regions of ]<ref></ref>,it has lead to serious environmental changes over the past 5 to 10 years.<ref></ref> Moreover the dust particles from these rock blasts have increased the number of ] patients over the last five years to 34,000, making it the largest ] prone people in the state and ].<ref></ref> The Rock Sediments from these blasting has left close to 550 ], ] and ] dry, creating an unprecedented Climate change and Causing severe Water shortage in and across ].<ref></ref> The District inspite of being the southernmost region of ] has not been protected, though they are Declared ] ] and are one of the few three last rainforest in the world, the other being ] and ]<ref></ref><ref></ref> | |||
==Politics== | |||
As per the Western Ghats Ecology Experts Panel (WGEEP) report, all the stone quarries in the district were located in the Western Ghats and were plundering the Ghats destroying its ecology and its Significance of it being the last three ] in the ]. The know fact to the Indian government is that the ] region of the ] is having the second largest Diversity of plants in ] after the ].<ref></ref> | |||
{{Main|Politics of Tamil Nadu}} | |||
{|cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" border="1" style="float:left; border-collapse:collapse; border:2px white solid; font-size:x-small; font-family:verdana;" | |||
Rapid and extensive Deforestation has taken an toll in the rainfall of the district and its surrounding Ecology. The forest coverage which was 40% of the district land with maximum rainfall of 6,000mm in 1965 has reduced to 17% with rapid decline in rainfall to 2,000mm in a short span of 45 years.<ref></ref> | |||
|- | |||
|style="background:#659ec7; color:black;"|<div class="center">'''Municipal officials'''</div> | |||
{| cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" border="1" style="background:white; border-collapse:collapse; border:1px #747170 solid; font-size:x-small; font-family:verdana;" | |||
|- | |||
|Commissioner | |||
|Anand Mohan I.A.S. | |||
|- | |||
|District Collector | |||
|P.N.Sridhar I.A.S | |||
|- | |||
|Superintendent of Police | |||
|<div class="center">Hari Kiran Prasad ''I.P.S''</div> | |||
|} | |||
|} | |||
==Education== | |||
The district which was once known to been called as the "Granary of Travancore" is losing its importance and its meaning due to conversion of ] and Agricultural Lands to housing plots and Real Estate Business, which is the largest direct climatic change to the descending of monsoon rain season.<ref></ref> Moreover, irrigation sources such as tanks, ponds and other water bodies have also been converted into bus stands, playgrounds, marble godowns.<ref></ref> | |||
{{Main|Education in Kerala|Education in Tamil Nadu}} | |||
Due to this drastic fall in cultivable land and food shortage fall a cross-section of people in the district want the government to amend an act related to agriculture on the lines of Kerala Conservation and Paddy Land and Wetland Act, 2008, so as to protect paddy fields in Kanyakumari district. | |||
Tamil is the official language in Nagercoil and is spoken by the majority of the population here. In addition to Tamil, English and Malayalam are widely spoken. There are many schools and colleges in Nagercoil that are known for their national reputation and were established more than 150 years ago; colleges such as ] (est. 1809),<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.scottchristian.org/wp/about-us/ |title=About Us |website=Scott Christian College |access-date=17 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150617125545/http://www.scottchristian.org/wp/about-us/ |archive-date=17 June 2015 |url-status=dead}}</ref> ] (est. 1952), ] (est. 1965), ] and schools such as ] (est. 1819), Duthie Girls School (est. 1819), ] (est. 1910), ] (est. 1922), S.L.B. Government Higher Secondary School (est. 1924), S.M.R.V. Higher Secondary School (est. 1919). | |||
Also, there are several private primary, secondary, and higher secondary schools, Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE), and Indian Certificate of Secondary Education (ICSE) schools in the city that provide learning diversity to the local & surrounding students. | |||
==Economy== | |||
The ]- ] has its largest hub of testing facility for ] and ], an Space research arm of The Government of India engines at the ] hills (on the Western Ghats) off Nagercoil, which serves as the Indian Headquarters of this Space Research Arm.<ref></ref> Rocket scientists and engineers from all over ] and few from ], ] and ] work at this facility, called the ] (LPSC), ].<ref></ref> | |||
There are approved institutions in and around the city, including autonomous colleges, aided colleges, and self-financing colleges. | |||
The town is a centre for the Koodankulam ] Plant reactors, being built with Russian assistance, which is situated in Tirunelveli district of Tamil Nadu, but is the closest major town to the facility. The public sector ] (IRE) has a facility at Manavaalakurichy, near the town.<ref></ref> | |||
There is a Government ITI, Government Polytechnic, University College of Engineering, and Government Arts And Science College situated in ]. There are two Government Medical Institutes in Nagercoil, Kanyakumari Government Medical College, ], and Government Ayurvedic College, ]. | |||
Nagercoil is the headquarters of the state owned ] and the regional office of the Central Rubber Board. | |||
The literacy rate is at 96.99%<ref name="census2011.co.in">{{cite web|url=http://www.census2011.co.in/data/town/803927-nagercoil-tamil-nadu.html|title=Nagercoil Town Population Census 2011 - 2023|website=Census 2011 India}}</ref> higher than the national average of 74.04%<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.census2011.co.in/literacy.php|title=Literacy Rate of India |website=Census 2011 India}}</ref> and state average of 80.09%.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.census2011.co.in/census/state/tamil+nadu.html|title=Tamil Nadu Population {{!}} Sex Ratio {{!}} Literacy|website=Census 2011 India}}</ref> | |||
], a once-impoverished village, benefited from the building of the nearby ] a ] source, supplying the villagers with electricity for work.<ref>{{cite web | |||
| year = 2005 | |||
| month =February | |||
|url=http://www.tve.org/ho/doc.cfm?aid=1678&lang=English | |||
|title=Tapping the Wind - India | |||
|publisher= | |||
|accessdate=2006-10-28 | |||
}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | |||
|last = Watts | |||
|first = Himangshu | |||
| year = 2003 | |||
| month =November 11 | |||
|url=http://www.planetark.com/dailynewsstory.cfm/newsid/22758/story.htm | |||
|title=Clean Energy Brings Windfall to Indian Village | |||
|publisher=Reuters News Service | |||
|accessdate=2006-10-28 | |||
}}</ref> The surrounding area is a major centre for windmill ]-energy production, and one of the biggest centres in South Asia, both in terms of electricity generated and size of windmills, with thousands of ] electricity generators on tall towers dotting the area. The total power generated from these wind mills is 540 ] with each windmill generating a power output of 1.65 MW. The wind mills are erected and technically supported by multinational majors in the field of renewable energy like ], ], and ]. The Muppandal Wind Farm is situated on a mountain gap (pass) in the ], through which the wind gushes for a major part of the year. | |||
==Culture== | |||
Fish-net manufacturing is a growing business in and around the town; nets for commercial fishing are supplied to the domestic and export markets.<ref></ref> | |||
At ], a locality in Nagercoil, unique Temple jewellery is made.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/magazine/a-dazzle-in-the-dark/article3290876.ece|title=A dazzle in the dark|first=Kausalya|last=Santhanam|newspaper=The Hindu|date=7 April 2012}}</ref> The Vadasery Temple jewellery has ]s (GI) registry of the Government of India.<ref name="auto">{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/trichy/nagercoil-temple-jewellery-made-with-peculiar-stones-gets-gi-tag-geographical-indications-tag/articleshow/65095824.cms|title=temple jewellery: Nagercoil temple jewellery made with peculiar stones gets Geographical Indications tag | Trichy News |website=The Times of India|date=23 July 2018 }}</ref> These jewels are used by classical dancers in India.<ref name="auto"/> | |||
==Information technology== | |||
There are many software, research and development companies in Nagercoil. RedEgg InfoExpert Technologies is now part of ] set up an office with a strength of around 325 employees.<ref></ref> The Nagercoil office has been outsourcing their product's to ]. In 2010 Hinduja Global Solution setup their third largest development center in India after, ] and ].<ref></ref> | |||
] is a festival which is widely celebrated among the ]-speaking population by drawing the ] on the floor.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/2005/09/15/stories/2005091505880200.htm|website=]|date=2005-09-15|title=Tamil Nadu / Nagercoil News : Onam - day of flowers, feast, fun and frolic}}{{dead link|date=April 2021|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-tamilnadu/Onam-festivities-begin-in-Kanyakumari/article14821829.ece|title=Onam festivities begin in Kanyakumari|newspaper=The Hindu|date=24 August 2007}}</ref> | |||
==Cottage industry== | |||
] include ]-making, floral trade, handloom-weaving, rubber products, food-processing units, and lace-making (export-oriented). | |||
] is uniquely celebrated here with an inter-state tradition <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.onmanorama.com/travel/essential-kerala/two-states-three-gods-faith-navarathri-thiruvananthapuram-padmanabhapuram-deities.html|title=South India's unique Navaratri tradition: when gods travel to Kerala|website=Onmanorama |date=October 1, 2016 |first=Maya |last=Menon}}</ref> in which the idols of Goddess Munuthithanankai Amman from ], Goddess Saraswati from ] and Lord Kumaraswamy from ] travel to ]. A ceremonial welcome is given to the idols of the Gods by the officials and representatives of the Government of ]. After the ten days of ] festival, they return to the respective temples with great celebrations.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/navaratri-suchindram-temple-deity-taken-to-padmanabhapuram-palace/article7749253.ece|title=The Hindu : Tamil Nadu / Nagercoil News : Navaratri : Suchindram temple deity taken to Padmanabhapuram Palace|newspaper=The Hindu|date=11 October 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.onmanorama.com/travel/essential-kerala/2018/10/08/tvm-ready-to-welcome-navarathri-idols.html|title=Thiruvananthapuram ready to welcome Navratri idols from Tamil Nadu|website=Onmanorama}}</ref> | |||
Being the major Tamil Nadu town closest to the ] capital, ] (65 km away and the closest international airport to Nagercoil), trading and sending supplies to ] and ] is a major activity for the bustling markets at ] and ] - availability and many items being cheaper in Tamil Nadu than in Kerala adds to the thriving business. | |||
==Cuisine== | |||
Supply of marine and agricultural produce to the overseas export-markets are also important economic activities, though primarily done through exporters or agents in ]. Remittances to Nagercoil from overseas, from ] (NRIs) hailing from the town, is a major contributor to the local economy. | |||
'''Nanjil Nadu cuisine''', hailing from the coastal region of Tamil Nadu, especially Nagercoil, is a delightful blend of Tamil and Kerala culinary traditions. Known for its abundant use of coconut and coconut oil, this cuisine stands out with its distinct and rich flavours. The dishes are often infused with aromatic spices, tangy tamarind, and the freshness of coastal ingredients, creating a unique gastronomic experience that celebrates the heritage and natural bounty of the region. | |||
==Sports== | |||
Here’s an overview of the listed dishes: | |||
] is having the distinction of housing one of the two ] Centers in the state, the other being in ].<ref></ref><ref></ref> There are plans to make the city hub for sports in ] by merging the ] and ] Center with Headquarters in ].<ref></ref> | |||
'''Nanjil Fish Curry''' | |||
==Politics== | |||
A signature dish of the region, this curry is made with freshly caught fish, tamarind, and coconut-based spices, delivering a tangy and spicy flavour. | |||
], one of the leading lawyers of the Nagercoil Bar, was elected as the Chairman of the Nagercoil Municipal Council in 1943. He enlarged the town boundary, improved water supply system for the town, established a home for the destitutes and increased the income of the Nagercoil Municipality. In the same year, he was elected to the Travancore State Assembly and was also nominated to the Senate of the then Travancore University (today's ]).<ref>Joy Gnanadason,`A Forgotten History`,1994, Gurukul L.T. College and Research Institute, Chennai. Page:151.</ref> Later on ], the former chief minister of Tamil Nadu, won from Kanyakumari constituency without even canvassing.<ref></ref> This happens to be the strongest support base for the ] in ] and is Nicknamed "The Fort of Congress".<ref></ref><ref></ref><ref></ref> The ] is perhaps the only Constituency in ] to not have elected an ] in the states History.<ref></ref> | |||
'''Avial''' | |||
==Education== | |||
A classic South Indian dish, Avial is a medley of vegetables cooked with grated coconut and yoghurt, tempered with curry leaves and coconut oil. | |||
'''Nendran Chips''' | |||
The district is having the highest literacy rate in ] (100%).<ref></ref> Some schools and colleges in Nagercoil are more than 150 years old, like the ], ], built by British missionaries. European missionaries, in the 19th century and early 20th century played a major role in imparting education to the people of the town and district. | |||
These crispy banana chips, made from ripe or raw Nendran bananas, are fried to perfection in coconut oil, making them a popular snack. | |||
'''Venthaya Curry''' | |||
One of the oldest regular schools in South India, Sethu Lakshmi Bai Higher Secondary School, is situated in the heart of town. It was established under the supervision of the ] administrators and named after a ], the Queen of ] between 1924 to 1931. Another school which was named after a Travancore ruler is Sri Moolam Thirunal Rama Varma Higher Secondary School. | |||
A unique fenugreek-based curry with a slightly bitter yet aromatic taste, often prepared with tamarind and coconut milk. | |||
'''Munthiri Kothu''' | |||
Educational institutions include privately funded engineering colleges, the state-run ] (at Asaripallam near Nagercoil), and many polytechnic colleges and arts and science colleges. As in neighbouring Kerala, women's education and career-development are given importance. | |||
A traditional sweet made of rice flour, jaggery, and roasted mung beans, deep-fried in small clusters, resembling grape bunches. | |||
'''Karupatti Mittai''' | |||
In the Christian theological side, the ] established in 1924 caters to the training of ] of the ]. A CBSE schools in Nagercoil is the ] which is situated at Vetturnimadam, 3 km from Nagercoil. | |||
A wholesome candy made using palm jaggery (karupatti) and nuts, offering a delightful natural sweetness. | |||
'''Kottar Rice Murukku''' | |||
==Places of interest== | |||
A crunchy snack made of rice flour, this spiral-shaped savoury is a local speciality of Kottar, a locality in Nagercoil. | |||
] | |||
*], <!----> situated on the way to Trivandrum at NH-47 is named after the temple where the presiding deity is Lord Kishna in his childhood avatar. This temple is 1.5 km from the heart of Nagercoil town. | |||
'''Nungu Sarbath''' | |||
A refreshing summer drink made with ice apple (nungu), flavoured syrups, and sometimes basil seeds, providing a cooling effect. | |||
'''Pazha Bajji / Pazham Pori''' | |||
Deep-fried banana fritters are a sweet and crispy snack made with ripe bananas coated in a spiced batter. | |||
'''Parota''' | |||
A flaky, layered flatbread, often served with spicy curries or meat dishes, making it a favourite street food in Nagercoil. | |||
Nagercoil's culinary offerings reflect its rich cultural heritage and coastal bounty, making it a must-visit destination for food enthusiasts. | |||
== Transport == | |||
=== Bus transport === | |||
There are three main bus stands in the city.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bus stand |url=https://nagercoilcorporation.in/busstand/ |access-date=2024-06-23 |website=Nagercoil Corporation |language=en-US}}</ref> | |||
* Nagercoil Municipal Corporation Christopher Bus Stand (]): The terminus, spread over an area of 9.49 acres, serves as a hub for transportation and commercial activities in the region. It features 52 bus bays, which accommodate a variety of buses including Mofussil buses and long-distance buses. These buses connect Nagercoil with major cities across Tamil Nadu and Kerala, facilitating both local commuting and intercity travel. | |||
In addition to the bus bays, the terminus houses essential facilities such as a reservation counter for ticketing services. It also includes numerous commercial and refreshment outlets, providing amenities to travellers and visitors alike. | |||
Overall, the terminus plays a crucial role in Nagercoil's transportation infrastructure, offering convenience and connectivity for passengers travelling within the state and to neighbouring Kerala. | |||
Frequent bus services to ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ] available from here. Also scheduled long distances buses to ],], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ],], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ] operated from here. The terminus is well utilized by buses belonging to the ] (TNSTC), ] (SETC), and ]. | |||
* Anna Bus Stand (]): The terminus, spanning 2.31 acres, is a pivotal hub for local bus services within Kanyakumari district and to Tirunelveli district. It features 25 bus bays, facilitating the operation and organization of various bus routes connecting different parts of these districts. | |||
Local buses primarily serve the commuting needs of residents within the ] district, offering reliable transportation options for daily travel and commuting purposes. Additionally, buses to Tirunelveli district provide connectivity for inter-district travel, enabling passengers to reach destinations across both districts efficiently. | |||
As a central point for bus operations, the terminus enhances accessibility and convenience for travelers, ensuring smooth connectivity between different areas within ] and to the neighbouring ] district. | |||
The town bus routes to surrounding localities are to ], ], Vetturnimadam, Asaripallam, Chunkankadai, Villukuri, ], ], Thingalnagar, Mulagumoodu, Chettikulam, ], Ramanputhur, Konam, Eathamozhi, ], Manavalakurichi, ], Midalam, Enayam, Parakkai, Thengamputhur, Puthalam, Manakudy, Kovalam, ], ], Vazhukkamparai, Thamaraikulam, ], Kottaram, etc. | |||
* Vadasery Omni Bus Stand: Intrastate and Interstate private buses are operated from here. | |||
=== Rail transport === | |||
There are two railway stations in the city | |||
# ]: The main railway station (Also called Kottar Railway Station) of the city and one of the most important railway stations in Tamil Nadu coming under NSG–3 category. It consists of 6PF (02 under progress) and 12 tracks. The railway station is located on ] and ]. Direct trains to many parts of the state like ], ], ], ], ], ], and long distance trains to other state cities like ], ], ], ], ] ], ], ], |Dibrugarh]], ], ], ], ], are also operated from here/passing through this station. <ref>{{Cite web |title=50 Departures from Nagercoil SR/Southern Zone - Railway Enquiry |url=https://indiarailinfo.com/departures/nagercoil-junction-ncj/801 |access-date=2024-06-23 |website=indiarailinfo.com}}</ref> | |||
# ] : The station lies on ]. Many important express trains and local trains to Trivandrum halt here. Also, some trains skip the main station due to loco rake reversal halt here. <ref>{{Cite web |title=23 Departures from Nagercoil Town SR/Southern Zone - Railway Enquiry |url=https://indiarailinfo.com/departures/nagercoil-town-njt/4793 |access-date=2024-06-23 |website=indiarailinfo.com}}</ref> | |||
==Sports== | |||
Nagercoil has the distinction of housing one of the two ] Centers in the state, the other being in ].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/2004/02/13/stories/2004021301190300.htm|website=]|date=2004-02-13|title=Sports Authority of India sub-centre coming up near Nagercoil}}{{dead link|date=April 2021|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://sportsauthorityofindia.nic.in/index2.asp?slid=211&sublinkid=118&langid=1|title=Regional Centres}}</ref> There are plans to make the city hub for sports in ] by merging it with the ] and ] Centers with headquarters in ].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/thiruvananthapuram/2011/jun/17/city-may-lose-sai-sub-centre-to-nagercoil-263436.html|title=City may lose SAI sub-centre to Nagercoil|website=The New Indian Express}}</ref> | |||
Sports Development Authority of Tamil Nadu (SDAT) maintains Aringar Anna Outdoor Stadium in Vadasery and SDAT indoor Stadium in Konam, Nagercoil. It also has an excellent Swimming pool for sports players.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.sdat.tn.gov.in/content.php?token=hasb|title=SDAT Nagercoil|website=SDAT}}</ref> | |||
The hilly, undulating terrain in ] is Mostley forest land and the remaining is covered by rubber and other plantation plants. Elephants are common in this area. | |||
] | |||
] | |||
* ] (Thotti palam) {{citation needed|date=July 2012}} <!-- --> | |||
* ] | |||
* ] Fort. {{citation needed|date=July 2012}} <!-- --> | |||
* ] {{citation needed|date=July 2012}} <!----> | |||
* ] Beach. {{citation needed|date=July 2012}} <!-- --> | |||
* ] Waterfalls | |||
Nagercoil also has various sports clubs that promote various sports activities. Nagercoil Fencing Club <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nfcfencing.com |title=NFC FENCING|website=nagercoilfencingclub}}</ref> promotes fencing sports in nagercoil. | |||
==Notable people== | |||
Also, there are various Non-govt sports clubs like The District Club, The Nagercoil Club, Ramavarmapuram Club, etc.<ref>web|url=http://www.districtclubnagercoil.com/</ref> | |||
*], 2007 ].<ref></ref> | |||
*], 2010 ].<ref></ref> | |||
*] - ornithologist and naturalist<ref>{{cite web |title=J.C. Daniel: Naturalist extraordinaire |url=http://www.sanctuaryasia.com/interviews/jcdaniel.php |publisher = ] |date=April 2000 |accessdate=27 April 2013 |archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20080517112223/http://www.sanctuaryasia.com/interviews/jcdaniel.php |archivedate=17 May 2008}}</ref> | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{Reflist}} | |||
==Notes== | |||
{{reflist}} | |||
{{reflist|group=note}} | |||
==External links== | ==External links== | ||
{{Commons category}} | {{Commons category}} | ||
* | * | ||
* | |||
* | |||
{{Tamil Nadu}} | |||
{{Regions of Kanyakumari}} | {{Regions of Kanyakumari}} | ||
{{Municipalities of Tamil Nadu}} | {{Municipalities of Tamil Nadu}} | ||
{{Authority control}} | |||
] | |||
] | ] |
Latest revision as of 12:26, 17 December 2024
City in Tamil Nadu, India
Nagercoil | |
---|---|
City | |
Clockwise from top: Nagercoil Clock Tower, Nagaraja Temple, St. Xavier's Cathedral, Nagercoil Junction railway station | |
Nicknames: Granary of South Travancore, Greenest City of Tamilnadu, City of Temple Jewels, Southernmost City of India. | |
NagercoilNagercoil in Tamil Nadu | |
Coordinates: 8°10′30″N 77°25′50″E / 8.17500°N 77.43056°E / 8.17500; 77.43056 | |
Country | India |
State | Tamil Nadu |
District | Kanyakumari |
Named for | "Temple of the Nāgas" |
Government | |
• Type | Mayor–Council |
• Body | Nagercoil Municipal Corporation |
• Member of Legislative Assembly | M. R. Gandhi |
• Mayor | Mr. Magesh BA BL |
• Deputy Mayor | Mrs. Mary Princy MA |
• Corporation Commissioner | Mr. Nishant Krishna IAS |
• Member of Parliament | Vijay Vasanth |
Area | |
• Total | 61.36 km (23.69 sq mi) |
Elevation | 82 m (269 ft) |
Population | |
• Total | 289,916 |
• Density | 4,700/km (12,000/sq mi) |
Languages | |
• Official | Tamil |
Time zone | UTC+5:30 (IST) |
PIN | 629001,629002,629003,629004 |
Telephone code | 91-4652 & 91-4651 |
Vehicle registration | TN-74 & TN-75 |
Literacy | 96.99% |
Climate | Aw (Köppen) |
Precipitation | 2,477.7 millimetres (97.55 in) |
Nagercoil, also spelt as Nagarkovil ("Temple of the Nāgas", or Nagaraja-Temple), is a city and the administrative headquarters of Kanyakumari District in Tamil Nadu state, India. Situated close to the tip of the Indian peninsula, it lies on an undulating terrain between the Western Ghats and the Arabian Sea.
Nagercoil is a centre for a range of economic activities in the small but densely-populated Kanyakumari District. Economic activities in and around the city include tourism, wind energy, IT services, marine fish production and exports, rubber and cloves plantations, agro-crops, floral production, manufacture of fishnets, rubber products among other activities.
'Nagercoil Cloves' is a distinct quality of dried cloves in the spices market, noted for its aroma and medicinal value. Cloves, pepper and other spices are grown in estates in the Western Ghats, outside the town.
Nagercoil is also the nearest city to the ISRO Propulsion Complex, Mahendragiri and the Kudankulam Nuclear Power Plant.
The city, along with the district of Kanyakumari, stands at the top in many Human Development Index parameters in Tamil Nadu state, including education, per capita income, health indices, etc.
The municipality of Nagercoil was upgraded as a Municipal corporation on the eve of its 100th year as a city on 14 February 2019.
Etymology
Nagercoil derives from the Tamil expression Nagaraja koyil, meaning "temple of Nagas".
Demographics
Main articles: Demographics of India, Demographics of Tamil Nadu, and Demographics of KeralaAccording to the 2011 census, Nagercoil had a population of 289,916 with a female-male sex ratio of 1.05, well above the national average of 0.929 females/male. A total of 20,241 were under the age of six, constituting 10,119 males and 10,122 females. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes accounted for 4.19% and 0.17% of the population respectively. The literacy rate of the city was 96.99%. The city had a total of 59,997 households. There were a total of 76,345 workers, comprising 244 cultivators, 1,155 main agricultural laborers, 2,271 in household industries, 67,050 other workers, 5,625 marginal workers, 110 marginal cultivators, 361 marginal agricultural laborers, 447 marginal workers in household industries and 4,707 other marginal workers.
Economy
Main article: Economy of Tamil NaduThe city is one among the 50 Indian cities to be ranked in the World Startup Index of 1,000 cities. The major software companies present in Nagercoil are CapeStart Inc., Hinduja Global Solutions, Navigant Consulting and American stock exchange NASDAQ. The city also has small aerospace manufacturing plants and satellite fabricating firms serving the Indian Space Research Organisations facility in ISRO Propulsion Complex, Mahendragiri. The Regional Academic Centre for Space by Indian Space Research Organisation, one among the only six incubation centers for Space Startups in India, is under construction in Nagercoil. The Integral Coach Factory has a small scale windmill unit. The export of 95 tons of fruits and vegetables to the Gulf Countries through the Thiruvananthapuram airports is a major source of revenue for the city, with food processing companies generating a daily revenue of ₹16.7 lakh and an annual revenue of ₹6.1 billion. The flower market of Thovalai exports 350 tons of Flowers to Kerala, Europe and Middle Eastern countries generating an annual revenue of ₹250 crore. The major cottage industries like Fish-net manufacturing, Rubber industries, Jewellery manufacturing are industries serving the domestic and export markets. The minor cottage industries include Surgical Gloves, Coir-making, floral trade, handloom-weaving, cashew nut, spices, food-processing units, and lace-making (export-oriented). Nagercoil has the highest per capita income of ₹2,76,454 (US$3,800), making it among the richest small cities in India.
Energy
Main article: Wind power in IndiaThe city has an installed windmill capacity of 1500 MW catering to 20% of the state's renewable electricity needs. Muppandhal has emerged as the wind power hub, with plant owners eager to cash in on the ₹2.90 per unit purchase price being offered by the Tamil Nadu Electricity Board.
Architecture
Main articles: Architecture of Kerala, Architecture of Tamil Nadu, and Tamil architectureThe architecture of Nagercoil consists of an eclectic combination of architectural styles, ranging from those that predate the creation of the town, from the early Dravidian architecture and Kerala Architecture, to English Gothic Revival, to the 21st century contemporary. Although there are prehistoric and classical structures in the city, the architectural history of Nagercoil effectively begins with the first small settlements from 3 A.D. The Roman naturalist and writer Pliny the Elder mentions Nagercoil as a commercial metropolis, having trade links with his contemporaneous Roman merchants, who traded and stayed in unique rock-walled, clay-roofed structures. This legacy can be found in some of the town's old heritage structures like the Nagaraja Temple, Nagercoil. The temple has two main deities, Krishna (revered as Ananda Krishna) and Nagaraja. The upadevathas are Shiva, Subrahmanya Swami, Ganesha, Devi, and Dwarapalaka. As an ancient tradition, the priests are Namboothiri Brahmins who are referred by the Pambumekkat mana in Thrissur, Kerala. Later on, Dravidian and Kerala architectural styles began to appear in the area. This can be attributed to the construction of the Thanumalayan Temple in the 16th century.
The 14th century St. Francis Xavier's Cathedral, Kottar serves as a testimony to the mix of Roman and native architecture. While Saint Xavier was doing missionary work at Kottar and its neighborhood, he averted an invasion of Padagas and thus protected the people of the Venad kingdom from that attack which was appreciated by the king, Unni Kerala Varma. In recognition of Xavier's services, the king allotted him a piece of land to construct a Catholic church, as a gesture of goodwill, as per the church records. There was already a small church, in the same place where St. Xavier's church stands at present, dedicated to Mary the Mother of God, since AD 1544.
The brilliant artistic influence of Kerala and British architecture marvels are seen in the Nagercoil Palace, Nagercoil Clock Tower, Home Church, Scott Christian College, Scott School, Carmel Higher Secondary School, St. Joseph Convent, Sethu Lakshmi Bai School, Nagercoil Court, The Concordia Seminary, Filter House, The Salvation Army Catherine Booth Hospital and many more heritage structures in and around the town.
The Nagercoil Clock Tower is the most visible to the outside world, situated in the heart of the town, which was built to commemorate the visit of Sri Moolam Thirunal, the ruler of Travancore, in 1893, and was designed by Hogeorf and S. Horesly of England. The Maharajah himself inaugurated it on 15 February of that year. The pendulum of the clock was made in Derbyshire by Smith of Derby Group, London. The clock is attached to a 60-foot-long chain with a weight, operated with pulleys through gravitational force. The clock in the Nagercoil Clock Tower was presented to the Maharajah by Rev. James Duthie. of the London Missionary Society. The total cost for constructing the Nagercoil Clock Tower was ₹ 3,258, 9 Chakrams and 12 Kasu. The Maharajah of Travancore donated ₹ 1017, and the balance was donated by the public.
Politics
Main article: Politics of Tamil NaduMunicipal officials
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Education
Main articles: Education in Kerala and Education in Tamil NaduTamil is the official language in Nagercoil and is spoken by the majority of the population here. In addition to Tamil, English and Malayalam are widely spoken. There are many schools and colleges in Nagercoil that are known for their national reputation and were established more than 150 years ago; colleges such as Scott Christian College (est. 1809), South Travancore Hindu College (est. 1952), Holy Cross College (est. 1965), Women Christian College and schools such as Scott Christian Higher Secondary School (est. 1819), Duthie Girls School (est. 1819), St. Joseph's Convent Higher Secondary School (est. 1910), Carmel Higher Secondary School (est. 1922), S.L.B. Government Higher Secondary School (est. 1924), S.M.R.V. Higher Secondary School (est. 1919).
Also, there are several private primary, secondary, and higher secondary schools, Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE), and Indian Certificate of Secondary Education (ICSE) schools in the city that provide learning diversity to the local & surrounding students.
There are approved institutions in and around the city, including autonomous colleges, aided colleges, and self-financing colleges.
There is a Government ITI, Government Polytechnic, University College of Engineering, and Government Arts And Science College situated in Konam. There are two Government Medical Institutes in Nagercoil, Kanyakumari Government Medical College, Asaripallam, and Government Ayurvedic College, Kottar.
The literacy rate is at 96.99% higher than the national average of 74.04% and state average of 80.09%.
Culture
At Vadasery, a locality in Nagercoil, unique Temple jewellery is made. The Vadasery Temple jewellery has Geographical Indications (GI) registry of the Government of India. These jewels are used by classical dancers in India.
Onam is a festival which is widely celebrated among the Malayalam-speaking population by drawing the 'athapoo' on the floor.
Navaratri is uniquely celebrated here with an inter-state tradition in which the idols of Goddess Munuthithanankai Amman from Suchindrum, Goddess Saraswati from Padmanabhapuram Palace and Lord Kumaraswamy from Kumarakovil travel to Thiruvananthapuram. A ceremonial welcome is given to the idols of the Gods by the officials and representatives of the Government of Kerala. After the ten days of Navratri festival, they return to the respective temples with great celebrations.
Cuisine
Nanjil Nadu cuisine, hailing from the coastal region of Tamil Nadu, especially Nagercoil, is a delightful blend of Tamil and Kerala culinary traditions. Known for its abundant use of coconut and coconut oil, this cuisine stands out with its distinct and rich flavours. The dishes are often infused with aromatic spices, tangy tamarind, and the freshness of coastal ingredients, creating a unique gastronomic experience that celebrates the heritage and natural bounty of the region.
Here’s an overview of the listed dishes:
Nanjil Fish Curry A signature dish of the region, this curry is made with freshly caught fish, tamarind, and coconut-based spices, delivering a tangy and spicy flavour.
Avial A classic South Indian dish, Avial is a medley of vegetables cooked with grated coconut and yoghurt, tempered with curry leaves and coconut oil.
Nendran Chips These crispy banana chips, made from ripe or raw Nendran bananas, are fried to perfection in coconut oil, making them a popular snack.
Venthaya Curry A unique fenugreek-based curry with a slightly bitter yet aromatic taste, often prepared with tamarind and coconut milk.
Munthiri Kothu A traditional sweet made of rice flour, jaggery, and roasted mung beans, deep-fried in small clusters, resembling grape bunches.
Karupatti Mittai A wholesome candy made using palm jaggery (karupatti) and nuts, offering a delightful natural sweetness.
Kottar Rice Murukku A crunchy snack made of rice flour, this spiral-shaped savoury is a local speciality of Kottar, a locality in Nagercoil.
Nungu Sarbath A refreshing summer drink made with ice apple (nungu), flavoured syrups, and sometimes basil seeds, providing a cooling effect.
Pazha Bajji / Pazham Pori Deep-fried banana fritters are a sweet and crispy snack made with ripe bananas coated in a spiced batter.
Parota A flaky, layered flatbread, often served with spicy curries or meat dishes, making it a favourite street food in Nagercoil.
Nagercoil's culinary offerings reflect its rich cultural heritage and coastal bounty, making it a must-visit destination for food enthusiasts.
Transport
Bus transport
There are three main bus stands in the city.
- Nagercoil Municipal Corporation Christopher Bus Stand (Vadasery): The terminus, spread over an area of 9.49 acres, serves as a hub for transportation and commercial activities in the region. It features 52 bus bays, which accommodate a variety of buses including Mofussil buses and long-distance buses. These buses connect Nagercoil with major cities across Tamil Nadu and Kerala, facilitating both local commuting and intercity travel.
In addition to the bus bays, the terminus houses essential facilities such as a reservation counter for ticketing services. It also includes numerous commercial and refreshment outlets, providing amenities to travellers and visitors alike. Overall, the terminus plays a crucial role in Nagercoil's transportation infrastructure, offering convenience and connectivity for passengers travelling within the state and to neighbouring Kerala.
Frequent bus services to Marthandam, Thiruvananthapuram, Valliyur, Tirunelveli, Kovilpatti, Virudhunagar, Madurai, Karaikudi, Dindigul, Thoothukudi, Tiruchendur available from here. Also scheduled long distances buses to Chennai,Salem, Krishnagiri, Hosur, Bengaluru, Palani, Pollachi, Tiruppur, Ooty, Thanjavur, Nagapattinam, Velankanni, Kodaikanal, Trichy, Ariyalur, Virudhachalam,Kumbakonam, Chidambaram, Cuddalore, Puducherry, Pudukkottai, Thanjavur, Vellore, Chittoor, Tirupathi operated from here. The terminus is well utilized by buses belonging to the Tamil Nadu State Transport Corporation (TNSTC), State Express Transport Corporation (SETC), and Kerala State Road Transport Corporation.
- Anna Bus Stand (Meenakshipuram, Nagercoil): The terminus, spanning 2.31 acres, is a pivotal hub for local bus services within Kanyakumari district and to Tirunelveli district. It features 25 bus bays, facilitating the operation and organization of various bus routes connecting different parts of these districts.
Local buses primarily serve the commuting needs of residents within the Kanyakumari district, offering reliable transportation options for daily travel and commuting purposes. Additionally, buses to Tirunelveli district provide connectivity for inter-district travel, enabling passengers to reach destinations across both districts efficiently.
As a central point for bus operations, the terminus enhances accessibility and convenience for travelers, ensuring smooth connectivity between different areas within Kanyakumari and to the neighbouring Tirunelveli district.
The town bus routes to surrounding localities are to Vadasery, Parvathipuram, Vetturnimadam, Asaripallam, Chunkankadai, Villukuri, Thuckalay, Karungal, Thingalnagar, Mulagumoodu, Chettikulam, Kottar, Ramanputhur, Konam, Eathamozhi, Rajakkamangalam, Manavalakurichi, Colachal, Midalam, Enayam, Parakkai, Thengamputhur, Puthalam, Manakudy, Kovalam, Thovalai, Suchindram, Vazhukkamparai, Thamaraikulam, Mylaudy, Kottaram, etc.
- Vadasery Omni Bus Stand: Intrastate and Interstate private buses are operated from here.
Rail transport
There are two railway stations in the city
- Nagercoil Junction Railway station (NCJ): The main railway station (Also called Kottar Railway Station) of the city and one of the most important railway stations in Tamil Nadu coming under NSG–3 category. It consists of 6PF (02 under progress) and 12 tracks. The railway station is located on Kanyakumari- Trivandrum BG Line and Nagercoil- Tirunelveli BG Line. Direct trains to many parts of the state like Chennai, Kanyakumari, Rameshwaram, Coimbatore, Tiruchirappalli, Tirunelveli, and long distance trains to other state cities like Mumbai, Pune, Mangalore, Jammu, Varanasi Delhi, Shalimar, Dibrugarh railway station, |Dibrugarh]], Bangalore, Katra, Kacheguda, Howrah, are also operated from here/passing through this station.
- Nagercoil Town Railway station (NJT) : The station lies on Kanyakumari- Trivandrum BG Line. Many important express trains and local trains to Trivandrum halt here. Also, some trains skip the main station due to loco rake reversal halt here.
Sports
Nagercoil has the distinction of housing one of the two Sports Authority of India Centers in the state, the other being in Chennai. There are plans to make the city hub for sports in South India by merging it with the Thiruvananthapuram and Kochi Centers with headquarters in Thiruvananthapuram.
Sports Development Authority of Tamil Nadu (SDAT) maintains Aringar Anna Outdoor Stadium in Vadasery and SDAT indoor Stadium in Konam, Nagercoil. It also has an excellent Swimming pool for sports players.
Nagercoil also has various sports clubs that promote various sports activities. Nagercoil Fencing Club promotes fencing sports in nagercoil. Also, there are various Non-govt sports clubs like The District Club, The Nagercoil Club, Ramavarmapuram Club, etc.
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Notes
- Nagercoil is the anglicized spelling in British English, and Nāgar-kōvil is the romanized spelling from Tamil script.
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