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| {{infobox ethnic group| | |||
| |group= Punjabi Rajputs | |||
| |image= | |||
| |poptime = | |||
| |popplace = • Pakistan • India | |||
| |langs = • ] •] •] | |||
| |rels= • Islam, Hinduism & Sikhism | |||
| |related= Rajputs; other ] | |||
| }} | |||
| '''Rajputs''' were a dominant caste in Northwestern India, including the ], during the medieval period. | |||
| According to the 1911 ] in ], the total Rajput population in the ] was 1,635,578,<ref>Census of India 1911, Punjab Part II by Pandit Harkishan Kaul at page 281</ref> of which 1,222,024 (74.5%) were ], 388,744 (24%) were ] and (24,810) (1.5%) were ]. The region straddles the border between India and Pakistan and contains the "]" – the ], ], ], ] and the ] – all of which are tributaries of the ]. The people of the area are known as ] and their language is also called ]. The main religions of the Punjab region are Hinduism, Islam and Sikhism. | |||
| Punjabi Rajputs are spread throughout Punjab region, with Muslim Rajputs being principally in ] while both Hindu and Sikh Rajputs are mainly found in ]. The division of population along religious lines can be traced to the 1947 ]. | |||
| == History and subdivisions == | |||
| {{See also|Major Muslim Rajput clans of Punjab|Muslim Rajput clans of Rawalpindi Division| Muslim Rajput clans of Lahore Division| Muslim Rajput clans of Multan Division|Muslim Rajput clans of Jalandhar Division| Muslim Rajput clans of Ambala Division}} | |||
| The term Raja putra means the son of a Raja or king in ].<ref name="Tribes pages 272">A Glossary of the Tribes & Caste of Punjab by H. A Rose pages 272 to 277</ref>{{clarify|reason=there are three volumes, only one of which appears to be available online|date=January 2013}} In Punjab, the Rajputs can be loosely divided into five territorial groupings. The first grouping inhabited the territory that extended from the ] valley to the ], roughly what is the modern state of ]. Almost three quarters of them had converted to Islam, and these were referred to as ]. They belonged mainly to the ] and ] sub-divisions, which gave ] its most famous Rajput dynasties. | |||
| Next came the Rajputs of the south-west of Punjab, roughly the ] speaking region comprising the modern ], ] and ] divisions. These tribes were hardly distinguished from the ] clans in their neighbourhood, and for the most part belonged to the ] of ] and ], and their ] predecessors. The Rajput clans of the south-west had converted to Islam in their entirety.{{citation needed|date=December 2011}} | |||
| The third group comprised the Rajput clans of the ], and the ], who were split into numerous clans, either descended from the ] dynasty of Kashmir, the famous Raja Salvahan of ], or the numerous Panwar tribes occupying the hills along the ]. Like the Rajputs of the south-west, these tribes had almost entirely converted to Islam. The only exception were some members of the ] and ] tribes, found in ], who had remained Hindu.<ref>Punjab Castes by Sir Denzil Ibbetson</ref> | |||
| The fourth group comprised the Rajputs of the Punjab Hills, the modern territory of Himachal Pradesh, ] and ]. Some of these tribes are perhaps the most ancient of the Rajput tribes, the ] and the ] being the most famous, and were almost entirely Hindu, barring some clans of the lower hills, such as the ] and ] of the Katoch Clan, who had converted to Islam. The principalities of the Punjab Himalayas, were some of the oldest states in India. | |||
| The final grouping were the Rajputs of central Punjab, roughly the area of the ], Manjha, ] and ]. The Bhattis, ]s and ] predominated in the ], the Bhatti predominated in the Bhattiana region, the modern districts of ] and ], and the ], ] and ] were found in the Sikh tract, who had held their own against the dominant ] of the region.. In ] and ], the Rajputs were mainly Bhatti and ], with a sprinkling of Panwar and Chauhan. The Rajput clans were predominantly Muslim in this region, except along the borders with ], where there were communities of Hindu Rajputs, such as the Shaikhawat and ].<ref name="Tribes pages 272"/> | |||
| === South Western Punjab === | |||
| The term Rajput is very rarely used on its own by the tribes that are indigenous to south west Punjab. In the ], the distinction between tribes of Jat status and Rajput status is blurred. Tribes such as the ], ], ], ], ], ] and ] are sometimes referred to as Jat, and sometimes as Rajput. The only exception are the Saharan, ] and ], who in popular estimation are always considered Rajput. Along the left bank of the Indus, from ] to ], the term is rarely used by the tribes, with the notable exception of the ] and ] of the ], and the ] of ], in ]. It is only when one reaches the Salt Range, that term Rajput comes into common usage. In the lands across the Indus, in the ], the Rajput disappears completely, and their place is taken by the ] and ]. In the ], the only indigenous tribe that calls itself Rajput, are the ], who use the title Jam, indicating ] ancestry. Across the Indus, in ], the Khera ], Dhanotar and Panwar are the only tribes that claim Rajput tribes. In ], the Samma and Soomra are the principal Rajput tribes.<ref name="Tribes pages 296">A Glossary of the Tribes & Caste of Punjab by H. A Rose pages 296 to 297</ref>{{clarify|reason=there are three volumes, only one of which appears to be available online|date=January 2013}} | |||
| The Rajput makes a reappearance in the valleys of the Jhelum and ], where the ], ] and ] are tribes claiming ] descent. In the ], the ], ], ], Wattu and Saharan, are all major Rajput tribes, the first two claiming to be Agnivanshi, while the next two claim to be ], claiming a common origin with the Bhatti. But Saharan claim from Lord ] and become ] Rajput and use title Shah, Rana, Singhi, Chaudhary, Malik, Mahar. The upper part of the Sandal Bar, and the Bhattiore area of ] was a stronghold of the Bhatti tribe. Further along the Jhelum river valley, the Khokhar and Bhatti founds in great numbers. | |||
| Along the valley of the Sutlej river, the Wattu, ], ], ] and Kathia are the predominant tribes. In and around the city of ], the Khokhar and Bhatti clans such as the Mitru, ], Bosan and Noon predominate.<ref name="Tribes pages 296"/> | |||
| === Central Punjab === | |||
| The Rajput of central Punjab historically occupied a region extending from ] in the west to ] in the east. According to the traditions of the various tribes, they are connected with the Rajputs of ]. Their no historical records giving the account of the migration of the various Rajput tribes into the region. But tradition points the ] to be the earliest inhabitants of the region. The Ghorewaha are said to be ] Rajputs, who emigrated from ], during the period of ]. Their original territory was the ] ] ]. Other important tribes of this region are the Manj, ], ], and ]. In the districts of ] and Lahore, the predominant tribes were the ], while in ], the Rajputs of central Punjab met those of the hills. The ]s predominated in the plains, while the ], Minhas and ] were found in the hilly part of the district. In the south, the Bhattiana region, covering the modern ] and Sirsa districts, was home to the Bhatti, and related tribes such as the ], ], ], ], and Wattu.<ref>A Glossary of the Tribes & Caste of Punjab by H. A Rose pages 293 to 294</ref>{{clarify|reason=there are three volumes, only one of which appears to be available online|date=January 2013}} | |||
| == Hindu Rajputs of Punjab == | |||
| {{See also|Rajput clans of Lahore Division|Rajput clans of Jalandhar Division| Rajput clans of Ambala Division}} | |||
| ] (1792–1857) was the founder and first Maharaja of the princely state of Jammu and Kashmir, ]] | |||
| The Rajput clans of the what is now Himachal Pradesh, as well as the districts of Gurdaspur and Hoshiarpur remained Hindu. The Punjab Hill states were centres of some of the oldest Rajput states in India. The Hindu Rajputs of Gurdaspur and the Jammu region are referred to as the ]s. Prior to the ], Dogra settlements also extended to ] and ], where there were settlements of Bajju, ], ], ], and ] Rajputs.<ref>A Glossary of the Tribes & Castes of Punjab by H. A. Rose</ref>{{page needed|date=December 2011}} | |||
| == Himachal Pradesh == | |||
| The Rajputs of ] and Himachal Pradesh are also divided into numerous tribes, which are sub-divided into numerous sects. | |||
| The Guleria, Sabaia, Dadwal and Jaswal are branches of the ] tribe, but now intermarry with each other.<ref>A Glossary of the Tribes & Caste of Punjab by H. A Rose pages 284</ref> | |||
| ]]] | |||
| == Martial traditions == | |||
| The ] is the highest military award given by ]. It is also known as or '''Hilal-e-Kashmir'''. {{Citation needed|date=May 2009}} It was established in 1957 after Pakistan became a Republic, however, it was instituted retrospectively back to 1947. It is awarded to military personnel, regardless of rank, for extraordinary ] in ].<ref name=honours>{{cite web|url=http://www.pakistanarmy.gov.pk/AWPReview/TextContent.aspx?pId=32&rnd=182|title=Honours and Awards|publisher=Pakistan Army|accessdate=2009-06-06}}</ref> The award is considered to be the equivalent of the ], the ] and the ]. Its exclusivity may be gauged by the fact that since it was established only 10 awards have been made, along with one equivalent award. To date all awards have been made ]. Of the 10 recipients, 9 have been from the ], one has been from the ]. Five Rajputs was awarded Pakistan's top military honour, the ]. | |||
| * ] | |||
| * ] | |||
| * Major ] | |||
| * ] | |||
| * ] | |||
| == See also == | |||
| *] | |||
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| == References == | |||
| {{Reflist}} | |||
| == External links == | |||
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| {{Ethnic groups, tribes and clans of the Punjab}} | |||
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Latest revision as of 12:11, 22 September 2017
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