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{{shortcut|WP:MOSIN}} {{MoS guideline|WP:MOSIN|MOS:INDIA}}
{{Style}} {{Style}}


''These guidelines deal with the naming of ]-related articles. Please follow the conventions below. If you disagree with any of the conventions, please discuss in the ].'' This guideline deals with the content and naming of ]-related articles. Please note:

To write and edit ]-related articles, please follow the conventions below. Note
*see ] for general cases *see ] for general cases
*see ] for notes on the style of history articles *see ] for notes on the style of history articles
Line 11: Line 9:


==Purpose== ==Purpose==
The purpose of this manual is to create style guidelines for editing articles related to the country of ] in the English Misplaced Pages to conform to a neutral encyclopedic standard, as well as to make things easier to read by following a consistent format. This manual also states the conventions to be followed for writing the names in ] scripts. The following rules do not claim to be the last word. One way is often as good as another, but if everyone follows minimum standards, Misplaced Pages will be easier to read and use, not to mention easier to write and edit. This manual is open to all proposals, discussion, and editing. The purpose of this manual is to create style guidelines for editing articles related to the country of ] in the English Misplaced Pages to conform to a neutral encyclopedic standard, as well as to make things easier to read by following a consistent format. This manual also states the conventions to be followed for writing the names in ]. The following rules do not claim to be the last word. One way is often as good as another, but if everyone follows minimum standards, Misplaced Pages will be easier to read and use, not to mention easier to write and edit. This manual is open to all proposals, discussion, and editing.


==Scope== ==Scope==
Line 17: Line 15:
===Languages of origin=== ===Languages of origin===


This convention should be applied to any language spoken in the Indian subcontinent that is written in an Indic script. The major languages are: ], ], ], ], ], ] (when written in Kannada or Devanagari scripts), ], ], ], ], ], ] (when written in Gurmukhi script), ], ], ], and ]. This convention should be applied to any language spoken in the Indian subcontinent that is written in an ]. The major languages are: ], ], ], ], ], ] (when written in Kannada or Devanagari scripts), ], ], ] (when written in ] or ]s) ], ], ], ] (when written in Gurmukhi script), ], ], ], and ].


The following languages are of Indic origin, but will usually be written in non-Indic scripts, usually derived from ] (see ]). This convention will normally apply to them only when transliterating from writings in an Indic script: ], ], ] (western), and ]. The following languages are of Indic origin, but will usually be written in non-Indic scripts, usually derived from ] (see ]): ], ], ] (western), and ]. This convention will normally apply to them only when transliterating from writings in an Indic script.


Several languages may be written in Indic scripts, but are not themselves Indic languages. Some aspects of this convention may apply to them, but they may have their own conventions. They include ], ], ], ], ], and ]. Several languages may be written in Indic scripts, but are not themselves Indic languages. Some aspects of this convention may apply to them, but they may have their own conventions. They include ], ], ], ], ], and ].


===Subject matter covered=== ===Subject matter covered===
This standard is recommended for use in articles in the following fields; This standard is recommended for use in articles in the following fields;
* Towns, Cities, Districts, States, ] and all other places within the political boundary of India. * Towns, cities, ], ], ] and all other places within the political boundary of India.
* All companies, organisations and factories which have their headquarters located in India. * All companies, organisations and factories which have their headquarters located in India.
*All persons who are born in India or Undivided British India or have taken citizenship of India. * All persons who are born in modern India (or ] before the 1947 ] and Pakistan) or have taken citizenship of India.
* Historical articles and historical place names of India, including especially history prior to 1800. * Historical articles and historical place names of India, including especially history prior to 1800.


==Basic India conventions== ==Basic India conventions==
* Use only ] spellings as per the guidelines for India related pages. * Use only ] spellings as per the guidelines for India-related pages.
* All units should be metric (]) units. Imperial equivalents should be given alongside in brackets. * All units should be metric (]) units. Imperial equivalents should be given alongside in brackets. The {{tl|Convert}} template can be useful for this.
* Use the ] of ]s and ]. Give their equivalents in millions/billions in parentheses. * You may use the ] of ]s and ] but should give their equivalents in millions/billions in parentheses. Use a non-breaking space in such circumstances, e.g.: <nowiki>21{{nbsp}}crore</nowiki> and always link the first occurrence of the word.
* Comma-delimited numbers should always be written in the Western style (e.g., 30,000,000; not 3,00,00,000). See ].
* For monetary figures, use the Indian numbering system but also give their ] equivalents in parentheses. * For monetary figures, you may use the Indian numbering system but also give their ] equivalents in parentheses.
* Articles related to Indian cinema, including films, biographies, and lists, should comply with the Indian Cinema Taskforce Manual of Style ].


== Biographical articles == == Biographical articles ==
{{See also|Misplaced Pages:Manual of Style (biographies)}} {{See also|Misplaced Pages:Manual of Style (biographies)}}
While the article title should generally be the name by which the subject is most commonly known, the subject's full name should be given in the lead paragraph, if known. It is common to give the maiden surname of women better known under their married name. For people who are best known by a ], the legal name should usually appear first in the article, followed closely by the pseudonym. Follow this practice even if the article itself is titled with the pseudonym. Alternatively, the legal name can appear in apposition to the pseudonym. While the article title should generally be the name by which the subject is most commonly known, the subject's full name should be given in the lead paragraph, if known. It is common to give the maiden surname of women better known under their married name. For people who are best known by a ], the legal name should usually appear first in the article, followed closely by the pseudonym. Follow this practice even if the article itself is titled with the pseudonym. Alternatively, the legal name can appear in apposition to the pseudonym.
⚫ Generally, titles and honorifics should not be used either in the article body or when naming an article. Academic and professional titles (such as "Doctor" or "Professor") should not be used before the name in the initial sentence or in other uses of the person's name; attainment of these titles should be included in the article text instead. After the initial mention of any name, the person may be referred to by surname only. The person may be referred to by their first name in the case of ], or as "Prince/ss/Yuvraj/Yuvrani First Name" or as "The Maharaja", "The Maharani", etc. Biographies of living persons should begin in the present tense; biographies of deceased persons should begin in the past tense. If a person is living but has retired, use the present tense "is a former" rather than the past tense "was". ] should be used for other forms of an individual's name.


Generally, titles and honorifics should not be used either in the article body or when naming an article. Academic and professional titles (such as "Doctor" or "Professor") should not be used before the name in the initial sentence or in other uses of the person's name; attainment of these titles should be included in the article text instead.
==Formatting==
⚫ Use the {{tl|lang}} tag to mark non-English strings. When giving a term in its native script, provide the ] code (if unavailable, ]) to identify the language. Example:
⚫ :<nowiki>{{lang|ta|தமிழ்}}, {{lang|hi|हिन्दी}}</nowiki>
:{{lang|ta|தமிழ்}}, {{lang|hi|हिन्दी}}
Giving a term in ] transliteration, simply add "-Latn" (the ] code for the Latin alphabet) to the language code:
⚫ :<nowiki>''{{lang|ta-Latn|tamiḻ}}, {{lang|hi-Latn|hindī}}''</nowiki>
:''{{lang|ta-Latn|tamiḻ}}, {{lang|hi-Latn|hindī}}''
Use {{tl|IAST}} only for Sanskrit terms:
⚫ :<nowiki>{{lang|sa|संस्कृतम्}} ''{{IAST|saṃskṛtam}}''</nowiki>
:{{lang|sa|संस्कृतम्}} ''{{IAST|saṃskṛtam}}''


⚫ After the initial mention of any name, the person may be referred to by surname only. The person may be referred to by their first name in the case of ], or as "Prince/ss/Yuvraj/Yuvrani First Name" or as "The Maharaja", "The Maharani", etc. Biographies of living persons should begin in the present tense; biographies of deceased persons should begin in the past tense. If a person is living but has retired, use the present tense "is a former" rather than the past tense "was". ] should be used for other forms of an individual's name.

==Non-English strings==

⚫ Use the {{tl|lang}} tag to mark non-English strings. When giving a term in its native script, provide the ] code (if unavailable, use the ] code) to identify the language. Example:
⚫ :<code><nowiki>{{lang|ta|தமிழ்}}</nowiki></code>, <code><nowiki>{{lang|hi|हिन्दी}}</nowiki></code> → {{lang|ta|தமிழ்}}, {{lang|hi|हिन्दी}}

Use ] transliteration for all non-Sanskrit terms. To write a term using its ISO 15919 transliteration, use the {{tl|transl}} tag with the language code and <code>ISO</code> as the transliteration standard:
:<code><nowiki>{{transl|ta|ISO|tamiḻ}}</nowiki></code>, <code><nowiki>{{transl|hi|ISO|hindī}}</nowiki></code>
⚫ :{{transl|ta|ISO|tamiḻ}}, {{transl|hi|ISO|hindī}}

For Sanskrit terms, use {{tl|IAST}} instead of {{tl|transl}}:
⚫ :<code><nowiki>{{IAST|saṃskṛtam}}</nowiki></code>
:{{IAST|saṃskṛtam}}

==={{anchor|Lead and infobox}}Indic scripts in leads and infoboxes===
{{shortcut|WP:INDICSCRIPT|WP:NOINDICSCRIPT}}

Avoid the use of ] in ] or ]. Instead, use ] pronunciation guides, which are more international. Exceptions are articles on the script itself, articles on a language that uses the script, and articles on texts originally written in a particular script.

This avoidance of Indic scripts only applies to articles that are predominantly India-related and is excluded from, among others, articles about Hinduism, Buddhism, or any of India's neighbouring countries. It is a divergence from the usual practice of including non-Latin script in leads when it is arguably relevant (e.g. "Athens ... {{langx|el|Αθήνα}} ..." at the article ]).

One reason Indian scripts are avoided is that there often are too many languages with their own native script, each of which can be original names for a topic. Additionally, there are too often problems with verifiability of the accuracy of the non-English spelling. A third reason is frequent disagreements over which native scripts to include; this led to a resolution to avoid all of them.

This consensus is the result of a ] on Indic scripts generally, and a ] on Indic script in Infoboxes. Those large community discussions followed many other discussions including these:
*], January 2012
*], April 2012
*], May 2013
*], June 2013
*], May 2016
*], April 2017
*], May 2017
<!--
===Preferred format for introducing the article subject=== ===Preferred format for introducing the article subject===



Ideally, when introducing an article that is covered by this guideline, IPA transcriptions (with audio files if possible) and transliterations of the Indic script should be included. The format is: Ideally, when introducing an article that is covered by this guideline, IPA transcriptions (with audio files if possible) and transliterations of the Indic script should be included. The format is:
Line 60: Line 84:
A special <nowiki>{{indic}}</nowiki> template has been made to take care of formatting issues. A special <nowiki>{{indic}}</nowiki> template has been made to take care of formatting issues.


Use this format when you have the original script text, transliteration, IPA and audio pronunciation file. Use this format when you have the original script text, transliteration, IPA, and audio pronunciation file.


:<code><nowiki>'''Simplified Transliteration''' ({{indic :<code><nowiki>'''Simplified Transliteration''' ({{indic
Line 77: Line 101:
:'''Sikhism''' ({{indic|lang=pa|defaultipa='siːkɪz(ə)m|defaultaudio=Seekism.ogg|indic=ਸਿੱਖੀ|trans=sikkhī|indicipa='sɪk.kʰiː| indicaudio=Sikkhi.ogg}}) is a... :'''Sikhism''' ({{indic|lang=pa|defaultipa='siːkɪz(ə)m|defaultaudio=Seekism.ogg|indic=ਸਿੱਖੀ|trans=sikkhī|indicipa='sɪk.kʰiː| indicaudio=Sikkhi.ogg}}) is a...


===Without audio=== ====Without audio====


Use this when you have the original script text, transliteration and IPA but do not have the audio pronunciation. This is likely to be the most used format. Use this when you have the original script text, transliteration, and IPA but do not have the audio pronunciation. This is likely to be the most used format.


:<code><nowiki>'''Simplified Transliteration''' ({{indic :<code><nowiki>'''Simplified Transliteration''' ({{indic
Line 93: Line 117:
:<code><nowiki>'''Mumbai''' ({{indic|lang=mr|defaultipa=mumbəi|indic=मुंबई|trans=mumbaī}}) is a...</nowiki></code> :<code><nowiki>'''Mumbai''' ({{indic|lang=mr|defaultipa=mumbəi|indic=मुंबई|trans=mumbaī}}) is a...</nowiki></code>
:'''Mumbai''' ({{indic|lang=mr|defaultipa=mumbəi|indic=मुंबई|trans=mumbaī}}) is a... :'''Mumbai''' ({{indic|lang=mr|defaultipa=mumbəi|indic=मुंबई|trans=mumbaī}}) is a...
-->


==Linking to other Indian Language Wikipedias== ==Linking to other Indian-language Wikipedias==
Use the ] item of the article to link to the equivalent article on the other Indian language Wikipedias. The Wikidata item can be found on left side bar.
⚫ Use ] links to link to the equivalent article on the other Indian Language Wikipedias. Additionally, there is generally no need to use inline links to the equivalent other Indian Language Wikipedias article for any words in an article. If a word is important enough to warrant a link, it will have an article here, in which case a standard link is sufficient. Linking of the name of Indian people in his/her mother tongue Misplaced Pages can be done. For example a page beginning
:'''Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi''' (]: મોહનદાસ કરમચંદ ગાંધી, ]: ''mohandās karamcand gāndhī'', {{IPA-gu|mohən̪d̪as kərəmtʃən̪d̪ ɡan̪d̪ʱi|IPA}}; October 2, 1869 &ndash; January 30, 1948) was a ...


⚫ Additionally, there is generally no need to use inline links to the equivalent other Indian Language Wikipedias article for any words in an article. If a word is important enough to warrant a link, it will have an article here, in which case a standard link is sufficient. However, ] may be used to supplement ]s. See ] for more information on how to do this. Linking of the name of Indian people in their mother tongue Misplaced Pages can be done.
can be written as
:<nowiki>]</nowiki>


⚫ ====Other versions====

⚫ If both the English and Indic pronunciation are the same (likely if the Indic word is not used in English) then ignore the <code>indicipa</code> parameter. If you don't have audio files, you can simply leave those parameters out. For full details of what the template can do, see ].
⚫ ===Other versions===

⚫ If both the English and Indic pronunciation are the same (likely if the Indic word isn't used in English) then ignore the <code>indicipa</code> parameter. If you don't have audio files, you can simply leave those parameters out. For full details of what the template can do, see ].


==Other articles== ==Other articles==
Line 114: Line 135:
==See also== ==See also==
* ] * ]
* ]
{{style wide}} {{style wide}}

]
] ]
]

Latest revision as of 19:48, 16 October 2024

This guideline is a part of the English Misplaced Pages's Manual of Style.
It is a generally accepted standard that editors should attempt to follow, though occasional exceptions may apply. Any substantive edit to this page should reflect consensus. When in doubt, discuss first on the talk page.		Shortcuts
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Related guidelines

This guideline deals with the content and naming of India-related articles. Please note:

Purpose

The purpose of this manual is to create style guidelines for editing articles related to the country of India in the English Misplaced Pages to conform to a neutral encyclopedic standard, as well as to make things easier to read by following a consistent format. This manual also states the conventions to be followed for writing the names in Indic scripts. The following rules do not claim to be the last word. One way is often as good as another, but if everyone follows minimum standards, Misplaced Pages will be easier to read and use, not to mention easier to write and edit. This manual is open to all proposals, discussion, and editing.

Scope

Languages of origin

This convention should be applied to any language spoken in the Indian subcontinent that is written in an Indic script. The major languages are: Assamese, Bengali, Gujarati, Hindi, Kannada, Konkani (when written in Kannada or Devanagari scripts), Malayalam, Marathi, Manipuri (when written in Meitei script or Eastern Nagari scripts) Nepali, Odia, Pali, Punjabi (when written in Gurmukhi script), Sanskrit, Sinhala, Tamil, and Telugu.

The following languages are of Indic origin, but will usually be written in non-Indic scripts, usually derived from Arabic (see Misplaced Pages:Naming conventions (Arabic)): Urdu, Kashmiri, Punjabi (western), and Sindhi. This convention will normally apply to them only when transliterating from writings in an Indic script.

Several languages may be written in Indic scripts, but are not themselves Indic languages. Some aspects of this convention may apply to them, but they may have their own conventions. They include Tibetan, Burmese, Thai, Khmer, Lao, and Javanese.

Subject matter covered

This standard is recommended for use in articles in the following fields;

  • Towns, cities, districts, states, protected areas and all other places within the political boundary of India.
  • All companies, organisations and factories which have their headquarters located in India.
  • All persons who are born in modern India (or British India before the 1947 Partition of India and Pakistan) or have taken citizenship of India.
  • Historical articles and historical place names of India, including especially history prior to 1800.

Basic India conventions

  • Use only Indian English spellings as per the guidelines for India-related pages.
  • All units should be metric (SI) units. Imperial equivalents should be given alongside in brackets. The {{Convert}} template can be useful for this.
  • You may use the Indian numbering system of lakhs and crores but should give their equivalents in millions/billions in parentheses. Use a non-breaking space in such circumstances, e.g.: 21{{nbsp}}crore and always link the first occurrence of the word.
  • Comma-delimited numbers should always be written in the Western style (e.g., 30,000,000; not 3,00,00,000). See WP:NUMERAL.
  • For monetary figures, you may use the Indian numbering system but also give their US dollar equivalents in parentheses.
  • Articles related to Indian cinema, including films, biographies, and lists, should comply with the Indian Cinema Taskforce Manual of Style WP:ICTFMOS.

Biographical articles

See also: Misplaced Pages:Manual of Style (biographies)

While the article title should generally be the name by which the subject is most commonly known, the subject's full name should be given in the lead paragraph, if known. It is common to give the maiden surname of women better known under their married name. For people who are best known by a pseudonym, the legal name should usually appear first in the article, followed closely by the pseudonym. Follow this practice even if the article itself is titled with the pseudonym. Alternatively, the legal name can appear in apposition to the pseudonym.

Generally, titles and honorifics should not be used either in the article body or when naming an article. Academic and professional titles (such as "Doctor" or "Professor") should not be used before the name in the initial sentence or in other uses of the person's name; attainment of these titles should be included in the article text instead.

After the initial mention of any name, the person may be referred to by surname only. The person may be referred to by their first name in the case of royalty, or as "Prince/ss/Yuvraj/Yuvrani First Name" or as "The Maharaja", "The Maharani", etc. Biographies of living persons should begin in the present tense; biographies of deceased persons should begin in the past tense. If a person is living but has retired, use the present tense "is a former" rather than the past tense "was". Redirects should be used for other forms of an individual's name.

Non-English strings

Use the {{lang}} tag to mark non-English strings. When giving a term in its native script, provide the ISO 639-2 code (if unavailable, use the ISO 639-3 code) to identify the language. Example:

{{lang|ta|தமிழ்}}, {{lang|hi|हिन्दी}} → தமிழ், हिन्दी

Use ISO 15919 transliteration for all non-Sanskrit terms. To write a term using its ISO 15919 transliteration, use the {{transl}} tag with the language code and ISO as the transliteration standard:

{{transl|ta|ISO|tamiḻ}}, {{transl|hi|ISO|hindī}}
tamiḻ, hindī

For Sanskrit terms, use {{IAST}} instead of {{transl}}:

{{IAST|saṃskṛtam}}
saṃskṛtam

Indic scripts in leads and infoboxes

Shortcuts

Avoid the use of Indic scripts in lead sections or infoboxes. Instead, use International Phonetic Alphabet pronunciation guides, which are more international. Exceptions are articles on the script itself, articles on a language that uses the script, and articles on texts originally written in a particular script.

This avoidance of Indic scripts only applies to articles that are predominantly India-related and is excluded from, among others, articles about Hinduism, Buddhism, or any of India's neighbouring countries. It is a divergence from the usual practice of including non-Latin script in leads when it is arguably relevant (e.g. "Athens ... Greek: Αθήνα ..." at the article Athens).

One reason Indian scripts are avoided is that there often are too many languages with their own native script, each of which can be original names for a topic. Additionally, there are too often problems with verifiability of the accuracy of the non-English spelling. A third reason is frequent disagreements over which native scripts to include; this led to a resolution to avoid all of them.

This consensus is the result of a 2012 request for comment on Indic scripts generally, and a 2017 request for comment on Indic script in Infoboxes. Those large community discussions followed many other discussions including these:

Linking to other Indian-language Wikipedias

Use the Wikidata item of the article to link to the equivalent article on the other Indian language Wikipedias. The Wikidata item can be found on left side bar.

Additionally, there is generally no need to use inline links to the equivalent other Indian Language Wikipedias article for any words in an article. If a word is important enough to warrant a link, it will have an article here, in which case a standard link is sufficient. However, interwiki linking may be used to supplement red links. See Help:Interlanguage links § Inline links for more information on how to do this. Linking of the name of Indian people in their mother tongue Misplaced Pages can be done.

Other versions

If both the English and Indic pronunciation are the same (likely if the Indic word is not used in English) then ignore the indicipa parameter. If you don't have audio files, you can simply leave those parameters out. For full details of what the template can do, see Template:Indic.

Other articles

Modern names and terms

Personal, organisation, and company names in current and recent usage should generally be romanized according to the nameholder's preference, if that can be established. However, this convention may be appropriately applied to them in certain contexts. These include:

  • when it is necessary to accurately or unambiguously transliterate from original text, or to indicate original pronunciation;
  • when it is necessary to maintain consistency in the article.

See also

Manual of Style
Content
Formatting
Images
Layout
Lists
By topic area
Legal
Arts
Music
History
Regional
Religion
Science
Sports
Related guidelines
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