Misplaced Pages

Oireachtas: Difference between revisions

Article snapshot taken from Wikipedia with creative commons attribution-sharealike license. Give it a read and then ask your questions in the chat. We can research this topic together.
Browse history interactively← Previous editContent deleted Content addedVisualWikitext
Revision as of 19:17, 4 June 2006 editDjegan (talk | contribs)Extended confirmed users14,264 editsm History: televising← Previous edit Latest revision as of 13:43, 18 December 2024 edit undoSpleodrach (talk | contribs)Autopatrolled, Extended confirmed users, Page movers, Pending changes reviewers, Rollbackers169,247 edits Verona Murphy 
(675 intermediate revisions by more than 100 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
{{Short description|Bicameral legislature of the Republic of Ireland}}
{{about|the modern legislature|alternative meanings|]}}
{{about|the modern legislature|alternative meanings|Oireachtas (disambiguation)|and|Irish parliament (disambiguation)}}
]; the latter is the official residence of the President of Ireland.]]
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2021}}
{{Use Hiberno-English|date=November 2021}}
{{Infobox legislature
|background_color = #08a04b
| name = Oireachtas
| native_name =
| coa_pic =
| coa_res =
| coa_caption = Emblem of Oireachtas Éireann
| logo_pic = HousesOireachtasLogo.png
| logo_res = 250px
| logo_alt =
| house_type = Bicameral
| houses = {{ubl|] (])|] (])}}
| established = 29 December 1937 (])
| preceded_by = ]
| succeeded_by =
| leader1_type = ]
| leader1 = ]
| election1 = ]
| leader2_type = ]
| leader2 = ]
| election2 = ]
| leader3_type = ]
| leader3 = ]
| party3 = ]
| election3 = 23 July 2020
| leader4_type = ]
| leader4 = ]
| election4 = ]
| party4 = ]
| leader5_type = ]
| leader5 = ]
| election5 = 16 December 2022
| party5 = ]
| leader6_type = ]
| leader6 = ]
| election6 = ]
| party6 = ]
| leader7_type = ]
| leader7 = ]
| election7 = ]
| party7 = ]
| leader8_type = ]
| leader8 = ]
| party8 = ]
| election8 = 27 June 2020
| members = {{ubl|'''Dáil Éireann''': 174|'''Seanad Éireann''': 60}}
|house1 = {{longitem|]}}
|house2 = {{longitem|]}}
|structure1 = Dáil Éireann after 2024 GE.svg
|structure1_res = 250px
|structure2 = Current Seanad Éireann composition.svg
|structure2_res = 250px
|authority =
|salary = {{ubl|€105,271 per year + expenses (])|€73,726 per year + expenses (])}}
|political_groups1 = '''Current Composition'''
:{{Party index link|Fianna Fáil|border=darkgray}} (48)
:{{Party index link|Sinn Féin|border=darkgray}} (39)
:{{Party index link|Fine Gael|border=darkgray}} (38)
:{{Party index link|Labour Party (Ireland)|border=darkgray}} (11)
:{{Party index link|Social Democrats (Ireland)|border=darkgray}} (10)
:{{Party index link|Independent Ireland|border=darkgray}} (4)
:{{Party index link|People Before Profit–Solidarity|border=darkgray}} (3)
:{{Party index link|Aontú|border=darkgray}} (2)
:{{Party index link|Green Party (Ireland)|border=darkgray}} (1)
:{{Party index link|100% Redress|border=darkgray}} (1)
:{{Party index link|Independent politician (Ireland)|border=darkgray}} (16)
;]
| joint_committees = {{Collapsible list |title=] |Agriculture, Food and the Marine |Autism |Children, Disability, Equality, Integration, and Youth |Disability Matters |Education, Further and Higher Education, Research, Innovation, and Science |Enterprise, Trade and Employment |Environment and Climate Action |European Union Affairs |Finance, Public Expenditure and Reform, and Taoiseach |Foreign Affairs and Defence |Gender Equality |Implementation of the Good Friday Agreement |Irish Language, Gaeltacht and the Irish-speaking Community |Health |Housing, Local Government and Heritage |Justice |Public Petitions |Social Protection, Community and Rural Development and the Islands |Transport and Communications |Tourism, Culture, Arts, Sport and Media
}}
| term_length = Not exceeding 5 years
| voting_system1 = ] (])
| voting_system2 = ]
| last_election1 = ]
| last_election2 = ]
| next_election3 = ]
| session_room = 20130810 dublin214.JPG
| meeting_place = ], ], Dublin
| constitution = ]
| website = {{URL|https://www.oireachtas.ie/}}
| rules = {{ubl||}}
}}
{{Politics of the Republic of Ireland}}
The '''Oireachtas''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|ɛr|ə|k|t|ə|s}} {{respell|EH|rək|təs}},<ref>{{Cite dictionary |url=http://www.lexico.com/definition/Oireachtas |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200806004610/https://www.lexico.com/definition/oireachtas |url-status=dead |archive-date=2020-08-06 |title=Oireachtas |dictionary=] UK English Dictionary |publisher=]}}</ref> {{IPA-ga|ˈɛɾʲaxt̪ˠəsˠ|lang}}), sometimes referred to as '''Oireachtas Éireann''', is the ] ] of ].<ref>The Oireachtas is described as the "National Parliament" in Article 15 of the ], though this term is not an alternative official title.</ref> The Oireachtas consists of the ] and the two houses of the Oireachtas ({{langx|ga|Tithe an Oireachtais}}):<ref>{{IPA-ga|ˈtʲɪhə ənˠ ˈɛɾʲaxt̪ˠəʃ|IPA}}</ref> a ] called ] and a ] called ].


The houses of the Oireachtas sit in ] in ], an eighteenth-century ] ]. The directly elected Dáil is the more powerful of the houses of the Oireachtas.
The '''Oireachtas'''<ref>''Oireachtas'' is ] {{IPA|/ˈɛɾʲəxt̪əs/}} in ]; a possible ] pronunciation is {{IPA|/ˈɛɹəxtəs/}}, roughly ]</ref> is the "national parliament"<ref>The term "National Parliament" appears in Article 15 of the ]; it is a description of the role of the Oireachtas, rather than an alternative official title.</ref> or ] of the ], sometimes referred to as ''Oireachtas Éireann''.


==Etymology==
The Oireachtas consists of the ] and two houses; the two houses are often referred to as the ''Houses of the Oireachtas'' and are: ] and ]. The Houses of the Oireachtas currently reside in ] in ], an ] ] ]. The directly-elected Dáil is by far the most powerful branch of the Oireachtas.
The word {{lang|ga|oireachtas}} comes from the ] word {{lang|ga|airecht}}/{{lang|ga|oireacht}} ("deliberative assembly of freemen; assembled freemen; assembly, gathering; patrimony, territory"), ultimately from the word {{lang|ga|airig}} ("freeman").<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2rwRDAAAQBAJ&q=oireacht&pg=PA878|title=A New History of Ireland: Prehistoric and early Ireland|first1=Theodore William|last1=Moody|first2=Dáibhí Ó|last2=Cróinín|first3=Francis X.|last3=Martin|first4=Francis John|last4=Byrne|first5=Art|last5=Cosgrove|date=5 May 1976|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=9780198217374|via=Google Books|access-date=3 October 2020|archive-date=22 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210922130543/https://books.google.com/books?id=2rwRDAAAQBAJ&q=oireacht&pg=PA878|url-status=live}}</ref> Its first recorded use as the name of a legislative body was within the ].


==Composition== ==Composition==
Dáil Éireann is directly elected under ] of all Irish citizens who are residents and at least eighteen years old; non-Irish citizens may be enfranchised by law, which currently extends to British citizens. By law, a Dáil term may last no longer than five years; however, the house can be dissolved by the president at any time at the request of the ] (head of government). Dáil elections use the ] of ] by means of a ]. The Dáil has 174 members.


Dáil Éireann, the lower house, is directly elected under universal adult suffrage, at least once in every five years as required by law. However the house can usually be dissolved at any time at the request of the ] (head of government). Dail elections occur under the system of ] by means of the ]. The Senate is not directly elected but consists of a mixture of members selected in a number of ways. 49 senators are elected by councillors and parliamentarians, and eleven are appointed by the Taoiseach, and six are elected by two ]s. The President of Ireland is directly elected once in every seven years, for a maximum of two terms. However if, as has occurred on a number of occasions, a consensus among political parties means that only a single candidate is nominated, then no actual ballot occurs. The Seanad is not directly elected but consists of a mixture of members selected in a number of different ways. There are 60 senators: 43 are elected by councillors and parliamentarians, 11 are appointed by the Taoiseach, and six are elected by two ].


The president is directly elected once every seven years, and may serve a maximum of two terms; where there is only one candidate for president, no ballot will be taken, and the candidate will be deemed elected at the close of nominations.
==Role==
]


==Role==
To become law a bill must first be approved by both the Dáil and in most circumstances the Seanad (although the Dail can override a Seanad refusal to pass a Bill), and then signed into law by the President. Bills to amend the Constitution must also be approved by the People prior to being presented to the President. In most circumstances, the President is in effect obliged to sign all laws approved by the Houses of the Oireachtas, although he or she has the power to refer most bills to the Supreme Court for a ruling on constitutionality. The powers of the Seanad are in effect limited to delay rather than veto. It is the Dáil, therefore, that is the supreme tier of the Irish legislature. The general ] for ] is: "Be it enacted by the Oireachtas as follows:-", for an act with a preamble this enacting formula is, instead, "Be it therefore enacted by the Oireachtas as follows:—".
To become law, a ] must first be approved by both the Dáil and in most circumstances the Seanad (although the Dáil can override a Seanad refusal to pass a bill), and then signed into law by the president. Bills to amend the Constitution must also be approved by the people in a referendum prior to being presented to the President. In most circumstances, the president is in effect obliged to sign all laws approved by the Houses of the Oireachtas, although the president has the power to ] The powers of the Seanad are in effect limited to delay rather than veto. It is the Dáil, therefore, that is the supreme tier of the Irish legislature. The general ] for ] is: "Be it enacted by the Oireachtas as follows:—", for an act with a preamble this enacting formula is, instead, "Be it therefore enacted by the Oireachtas as follows:—".


===Powers=== ===Powers===

The Oireachtas has exclusive power to: The Oireachtas has exclusive power to:

*Legislate, including a power vested in the Dail of approving the financial resolutions relevant to the budget.
* Legislate, including a power vested in the Dáil of approving the financial resolutions relevant to the budget. However, the courts<ref>{{Cite web|title = Bederev -v- Ireland & ors : Judgments & Determinations |website=Courts Service of Ireland|url = http://www.courts.ie/Judgments.nsf/bce24a8184816f1580256ef30048ca50/ad1638c8122f48ef80257e04003f88df?OpenDocument|access-date = 2015-10-04|archive-date = 8 October 2015|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20151008051534/http://www.courts.ie/Judgments.nsf/bce24a8184816f1580256ef30048ca50/ad1638c8122f48ef80257e04003f88df?OpenDocument|url-status = live}}</ref> have allowed the Oireachtas to delegate limited legislative powers to other entities, such as Government Ministers.
*Create subordinate legislatures.
* Create subordinate legislatures.
*Propose changes to the constitution (must be initiated in the Dail), which must then be submitted to a ].
* Propose changes to the constitution (must be initiated in the Dáil), which must then be submitted to a ].
*Raise military or armed forces.
* Raise military or armed forces.
*Allow international agreements to become part of the domestic law of the state.
* Allow international agreements to become part of the domestic law of the state.
*Pass certain laws having extra-territorial effect (in accordance with the similar practices of other states).
* Pass certain laws having an extraterritorial effect (in accordance with the similar practices of other states).
*Enact, when it considers a ] to exist, almost any law it deems necessary.
* Enact, when it considers a ] to exist, almost any law it deems necessary, with the imposition of capital punishment being the only absolutely excluded act in all circumstances.


===Limitations=== ===Limitations===
* Laws are invalid if, and to the extent that, they contradict the constitution.

* In the event of a conflict, ] also takes precedence over acts of the Oireachtas, as is common throughout the ].
*Laws are invalid if, and to the extent that, they contradict the constitution.
* It may not retrospectively criminalise acts that were not illegal at the time they were committed.
*In the event of a conflict, ] also takes precedence over acts of the Oireachtas.
* It may not enact any law providing for the imposition of the ], even during a state of emergency.
*It may not retrospectively criminalise acts that were not illegal at the time they were committed.
*It may not enact any law providing for the imposition of the ], even during a state of emergency.
*It can only legislate for the Republic of Ireland and not for ].


==Committees== ==Committees==
{{main|Committees of the Oireachtas}}
The Oireachtas has a number of ] that include members of both houses. There are currently fifteen of these:
*Joint Committee on Agriculture and the Marine
*Joint Committee on Children, Disability, Equality and Integration
*Joint Committee on Climate Action
*Joint Committee on Education, Further and Higher Education, Research, Innovation and Science
*Joint Committee on Enterprise, Trade and Employment
*Joint Committee on European Union Affairs
*Joint Committee on Finance, Public Expenditure and Reform, and Taoiseach
*Joint Committee on Foreign Affairs and Defence
*Joint Committee on Health
*Joint Committee on Housing, Local Government and Heritage
*Joint Committee on the Implementation of the Good Friday Agreement
*Joint Committee on Justice
*Joint Committee on Media, Tourism, Arts, Culture, Sport and the Gaeltacht
*Joint Committee on Social Protection, Community and Rural Development and the Islands
*Joint Committee on Transport and Communications Networks
*Working Group of Committee Chairmen


==Predecessors==
Each house of the Oireachtas has its own committees but there are also a number of ]s that include members of both. There are currently twenty of these (the first thirteen below are based on the thirteen ]s of the Dáil):
''Oireachtas'' has been the title of two parliaments in ]: the current Oireachtas of Ireland, since 1937, and, immediately before that, the ] of 1922 to 1937.


The earliest parliament in Ireland was the ], which was founded in the thirteenth century as the supreme legislative body of the lordship of Ireland and was in existence until 1801. This parliament governed the English-dominated part of Ireland, which at first was limited to Dublin and surrounding cities, but later grew to include the entire island. The Irish Parliament was, from the passage of ] in 1494 until its repeal in 1782, subordinate to the English, and later British, ]. This Parliament consisted of the ], who was the same person as the King of England, a ] and a ]. In 1800 the Irish Parliament approved its own abolition when it enacted the ], which came into effect from 1 January 1801.
*Joint Committee on Agriculture and Food
*Joint Committee on Arts, Sport, Tourism, Community, Rural and Gaeltacht Affairs
*Joint Committee on Communications, Marine and Natural Resources
**Sub-Committee on Salmon Drift Netting, Draft Netting and Angling
**ICT Sub-Committee
*Joint Committee on Education and Science
*Joint Committee on Enterprise and Small Business
*Joint Committee on Environment and Local Government
*Joint Committee on European Affairs
**Sub-Committee on European Scrutiny
*Joint Committee on Finance and the Public Service
*Joint Committee on Foreign Affairs
**Sub-Committee on Development Co-Operation
**Sub-Committee on Human Rights
*Joint Committee on Health and Children
**Sub-Committee on Orthodontics
**Sub-Committee on the High Levels of Suicide in Irish Society
*Joint Committee on Justice, Equality, Defence and Women's Rights
**Sub-Committee on the Barron Report on the Dublin Bombings of 1972 and 1973
**Sub-Committee on the Barron Report on the Dublin and Monaghan Bombings of 1974
**Sub-Committee on the Barron Report on the Murder of Seamus Ludlow
*Joint Committee on Social and Family Affairs
*Joint Committee on Transport
*Committee on Article 35.4.1 of the Constitution and section 39 of the Courts of Justice Act 1924
*Joint Committee on the Constitution
*Joint Committee on Broadcasting and Parliamentary Information
*Joint Committee on House Services
*Joint Committee on Standing Orders
*Standing Joint Committee on Consolidation Bills
*Working Group of Committee Chairmen


The next legislature to exist in Ireland came into being in 1919. This was a ] parliament established by ], known simply as ]. This revolutionary Dáil was notionally a legislature for the whole island of Ireland. In 1920, in parallel to the Dáil, the ] created a ] legislature called the ]. However, this parliament was boycotted by most Irish politicians. It was made up of the King, the ] and the ]. The Parliament of Southern Ireland was formally abolished in 1922, with the establishment of the Oireachtas under the ].
==History==


The Oireachtas of the Irish Free State consisted of the ] (represented by a ]) and two houses: Dáil Éireann (described as a "Chamber of Deputies") and Seanad Éireann. However, the ] was abolished in May 1936 and the role of the monarch was removed in December 1936. The modern Oireachtas came into being in December 1937, on the ].
The word ''oireachtas'' comes from the ] name MacOireachtaigh (Geraghty), believed to have been advisors to ancient King O'Connor and has been the title of two parliaments in ]: the current Oireachtas of the Republic of Ireland, since ], and, immediately before that, the ] of ]-].


==Broadcasting==
The earliest parliament in Ireland was the ], in existence until ]. This parliament governed the whole island of Ireland but was, over its history, subordinate to varying degrees to the ], and later ], ]. This Parliament consisted of the ], a ] and a ]. In ] the Irish Parliament abolished itself when, after widespread bribery of members, it adopted the ], which came into effect from 1 January ].
The first Oireachtas radio and television broadcasts were of ], beginning with that of ] during his 1963 state visit.<ref>{{cite web |title=President Kennedy Arrives at the Dáil |date=28 June 1963 |url=https://www.rte.ie/archives/exhibitions/1722-john-f-kennedy/451915-president-kennedy-arrives-at-the-dil/ |website=RTÉ Archives |access-date=7 April 2020 |language=en |archive-date=7 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200407144904/https://www.rte.ie/archives/exhibitions/1722-john-f-kennedy/451915-president-kennedy-arrives-at-the-dil/ |url-status=live }}; {{cite web |title=50th Anniversary of the First Dáil Marked at Mansion House |date=21 January 1969 |url=https://www.rte.ie/archives/2019/0110/1022429-first-dail-50th-anniversary/ |website=RTÉ Archives |access-date=7 April 2020 |language=en |archive-date=7 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200407144940/https://www.rte.ie/archives/2019/0110/1022429-first-dail-50th-anniversary/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Regular radio broadcasting of edited Oireachtas proceedings began in October 1986, although ] statements had already been broadcast live.<ref>{{cite web |title=Broadcasting of Seanad Proceedings: Statement |url=https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/seanad/1986-10-01/3/ |website=Seanad Éireann (17th Seanad) debates |publisher=Oireachtas |access-date=7 April 2020 |language=en-ie |date=1 October 1986 |archive-date=7 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200407144900/https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/seanad/1986-10-01/3/ |url-status=live }}; {{cite web |title=Radio Transmissions From Oireachtas, 1986 |url=https://www.rte.ie/archives/2016/1013/823818-oireachtas-broadcasting-service/ |website=RTÉ Archives |access-date=7 April 2020 |language=en |archive-date=7 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200407144904/https://www.rte.ie/archives/2016/1013/823818-oireachtas-broadcasting-service/ |url-status=live }}; {{cite news |last1=Moriarty |first1=Theresa |title=Mikes make Oireachtas media-shy |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/newspaper/archive/1986/1008/Pg025.html#Ar02507 |url-access=subscription |access-date=7 April 2020 |newspaper=The Irish Times |date=8 October 1986 |page=25 }}</ref> Television coverage of Dáil, Seanad, and committee proceedings began in 1990, 1991, and 1993 respectively.<ref>{{cite web |publisher=Oireachtas |url=http://www.oireachtas.ie/viewdoc.asp?fn=/documents/a-misc/tv.htm |title=Parliamentary Televising |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060530023639/http://www.oireachtas.ie/viewdoc.asp?fn=%2Fdocuments%2Fa-misc%2Ftv.htm |archive-date=30 May 2006 }}; {{cite web |last1=Bowman |first1=John |title=Through a Lens — Leinster House 25 Years on TV |url=https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/oireachtas-tv/oireachtas-tv-productions/oireachtas-tv-documentaries/1008/ |website=Oireachtas TV documentaries |publisher=Oireachtas |access-date=17 April 2020 |language=en-ie |date=31 December 2015 |archive-date=5 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200805223106/https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/oireachtas-tv/oireachtas-tv-productions/oireachtas-tv-documentaries/1008/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Since 2005 the proceedings of both houses have been made available over the internet by ] and the ] Unit of the Office of the Houses of the Oireachtas.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.oir.ie/viewdoc.asp?fn=/documents/livewebcast/Web-Live.htm&CatID=83&m=w|title=live broadcasts|publisher=Oireachtas|access-date=24 January 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080504112212/http://www.oir.ie/ViewDoc.asp?fn=%2Fdocuments%2Flivewebcast%2FWeb-Live.htm&CatID=83&m=w|archive-date=4 May 2008|df=dmy-all}}</ref>


] (publicly known as Oireachtas TV) is a digital television channel in Ireland.<ref>{{cite news |last=Kehoe |first=Ian |url=http://archives.tcm.ie/businesspost/2008/05/11/story32805.asp |title=Dáil TV station to be unveiled this week |newspaper=Sunday Business Post |date=11 May 2008 |access-date=24 January 2011 }}{{dead link|date=March 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> It broadcasts Committee and Houses and other parliament proceedings following its establishment under the ].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.oireachtas.ie/viewdoc.asp?fn=/documents/bills28/acts/2009/a1809.pdf |title=(Number 29 of 2008) – Tithe an Oireachtais |publisher=Oireachtas |date=13 November 2009 |access-date=24 January 2011 |archive-date=7 January 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110107224425/http://www.oireachtas.ie/viewdoc.asp?fn=%2Fdocuments%2Fbills28%2Facts%2F2009%2Fa1809.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.irlgov.ie/oireachtas/leaflet/tv.html |title=Parliamentary Televising |publisher=Irlgov.ie |date=21 October 2010 |access-date=24 January 2011 |archive-date=20 November 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071120180841/http://www.irlgov.ie/oireachtas/leaflet/tv.html |url-status=live }}</ref> On 15 November 2011, it began broadcasting a pilot service on ]. On 22 September 2014, the Houses launched the dedicated television channel Oireachtas TV, bringing unfiltered access to the parliamentary process to over one million households nationwide. The service is available free of charge on UPC Channel 207 and Sky Channel 574.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.oireachtas.ie/parliament/mediazone/pressreleases/name-24377-en.html |title=New TV channel to bring Oireachtas proceedings to over one million homes |publisher=Houses of the Oireachtas |date=22 September 2014 |access-date=23 September 2014 |archive-date=6 June 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150606112120/http://www.oireachtas.ie/parliament/mediazone/pressreleases/name-24377-en.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>
The next legislature to exist in Ireland only came into being in ]. This was an extra-legal, ] parliament established by ], known simply as ]. This revolutionary Dáil was notionally a legislature for the whole island of Ireland. In ], in parallel to the extra-legal Dáil, the ] created a ] legislature called the ]. However this parliament was boycotted by most Irish politicians. It was made up of the King, the ] and the ]. The Parliament of Southern Ireland was formally abolished in 1922, with the establishment of the Oireachtas under the ].


In 2012, the Oireachtas launched its first e-consultation.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Murray |first=Michael |title=Politics at the Touch of a Button: An Evaluation of the First Ever Oireachtas (Irish Houses of Parliament) E-consultation |journal=Parliamentary Affairs |volume=66 |number=3 |date=July 2013 |page=597|doi=10.1093/pa/gsr072 }}</ref>
The Oireachtas of the Irish Free State consisted officially of the ] and two houses, named, as their successors would be, Dáil Éireann (described, in this case, as a 'Chamber of Deputies') and Seanad Éireann. However the ] was abolished in ]. The modern Oireachtas came into being in 1937, with the adoption by referendum of the Constitution of Ireland.


==Houses of the Oireachtas family day==
The ] of Oireachtas debates commenced in 1990, whilst those of committees commenced in 1993.<ref>Oireachtas website: </ref>
On 28 June 2008, the first Houses of the Oireachtas family day was held.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.rte.ie/news/2008/0628/oireachtas.html |title=Thousands visit Leinster House of fun |work=] |date=28 June 2008 |access-date=28 June 2008 |archive-date=19 January 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120119001748/http://www.rte.ie/news/2008/0628/oireachtas.html |url-status=live }}</ref> This initiative by the ] of ], ] and the ] of ], ] aimed to increase public awareness in the work of the Houses of the Oireachtas. It included tours of both chambers of the Oireachtas, lectures on the history of Oireachtas, historic political speeches recited by actors and a hot air balloon – commemorating the balloon flight which took place in 1785 from Leinster Lawn. The Oireachtas family day took place again in 2009,<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.rte.ie/news/2009/0627/oireachtas.html |title=Family Day at Leinster House |work=] |date=27 June 2009 |access-date=5 August 2012 |archive-date=1 August 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090801052925/http://www.rte.ie/news/2009/0627/oireachtas.html |url-status=live }}</ref> but it has not been held since then.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.thejournal.ie/open-the-dail-and-seanad-chambers-to-the-public-says-td-349891-Feb2012/ |title=Open the Dáil and Seanad chambers to the public, says TD |work=The Journal.ie |date=8 February 2012 |access-date=5 August 2012 |archive-date=18 October 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121018121155/http://www.thejournal.ie/open-the-dail-and-seanad-chambers-to-the-public-says-td-349891-Feb2012/ |url-status=live }}</ref>


==Northern Ireland representation== ==Northern Ireland representation==
Although, as adopted in 1937, Article 3 of the constitution asserted the "right of the parliament and government established by this constitution to exercise jurisdiction" over the whole of Ireland, it also provided that pending the "re-integration of the national territory"<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.constitution.ie/Documents/Bhunreacht_na_hEireann_web.pdf|title=CONSTITUTION OF IRELAND|website=Constitution.ie|access-date=14 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160209115852/https://www.constitution.ie/Documents/Bhunreacht_na_hEireann_web.pdf|archive-date=9 February 2016|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Acts of the Oireachtas would not apply to Northern Ireland. Therefore, no serious attempts have been made for the representation of Northern Ireland in the Dáil. As Taoiseach, ], while a staunch opponent of partition, and who had been elected to represent a Northern constituency in the ], did not pursue the idea of seats in the Dáil for Northern Ireland, on the grounds that this would amount to representation "without taxation or responsibility".<ref name="Coogan2015">{{cite book|last=Coogan|first=Tim Pat|title=De Valera: Long Fellow, Long Shadow|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5CFlCwAAQBAJ&pg=PT693|access-date=12 May 2016|date=2015-12-16|publisher=Head of Zeus|isbn=9781784975371|page=644|archive-date=23 April 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170423152127/https://books.google.com/books?id=5CFlCwAAQBAJ&pg=PT693|url-status=live}}</ref> Beginning with ] in 1982, one or more from Northern Ireland have been included among the eleven ] after most elections.


] has advocated that Northern Ireland ], ], and ]s should have the right to participate in Dáil debates, if not vote.<ref>, agendaNi, September 2022</ref> In 2005 the Taoiseach, ], proposed that Northern Ireland MPs should be able to address a ] Dáil. However, ], the ], and Ahern's coalition partners, the ], all opposed the idea,<ref name="ill"> {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180322081817/https://www.irishtimes.com/opinion/ahern-proposal-on-mps-ill-advised-1.1261957 |date=22 March 2018 }}, '']'', 29 October 2005</ref> as did the ], the ] and some Oireachtas members from ].<ref> {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180322082010/https://www.independent.ie/irish-news/most-deputies-oppose-dail-speaking-rights-for-mps-26211440.html |date=22 March 2018 }}, '']'', 7 August 2005</ref> Only Sinn Féin, the party that stood to gain most from the proposal, supported it, while the more moderate ] (SDLP) described it as a step forward.<ref> {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180322081757/https://www.irishtimes.com/news/ahern-plan-to-give-north-mps-dail-rights-rejected-1.511570 |date=22 March 2018 }}, '']'', 28 October 2005</ref> The proposal was also criticised widely in the media, with an editorial in '']'', declaring that: "The overwhelming democratic imperative is that the institutions of this State should represent and serve the people of the State."<ref name="ill"/> From 2011, Northern Ireland MEPs had the same automatic right as MEPs from the Republic to participate in meetings of the Seanad's European committee, whereas other MEPs require an invitation.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://oireachtasdebates.oireachtas.ie/debates%20authoring/debateswebpack.nsf/takes/seanad2011061600007|title=Standing Orders: Motion|date=16 June 2011|work=Seanad Éireann debates|pages=Standing Order 70A(6)|access-date=12 May 2016|archive-date=5 June 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160605111419/http://oireachtasdebates.oireachtas.ie/debates%20authoring/debateswebpack.nsf/takes/seanad2011061600007|url-status=live}}</ref> This ended in 2020 when the United Kingdom left the EU, which consequently meant all UK MEPs left office.
Although, as adopted in 1937, Article 3 of the constitution asserted the "right of the parliament and government established by this constitution to exercise jurisdiction" over the whole of ], it also provided that pending the "re-integration of the national territory" Acts of the Oireachtas would not apply to Northern Ireland. Therefore no serious attempts have been made for the representation of Northern Ireland in the Dáil. As Taoiseach, ], while a staunch opponent of partition, and while having been originally elected to the Dail for a Northern constituency himself, did not pursue the idea of seats in the Dáil for Northern Ireland, on the grounds that this would amount to representation without taxation, although subsequent Taoisigh have appointed people from the Northern Ireland to the Seanad.


==Houses of the Oireachtas Commission==
More recently, ] has advocated that elected representatives from ], ], or ] should have the right to participate in ] debates, if not voting rights. In ] the current Taoiseach, ], proposed that Northern Ireland MPs should be able to address a committee of the whole of house sitting in the Dáil chamber. However both the media and ], ], the ], the ] and the Ahern's coalition partners, the ], all opposed the idea, as did some Oireachtas members from ]. Only Sinn Féin, the party that stood to gain most from the proposal, supported it. The proposal was also criticised widely in the media, with editorials and/or columns published criticising the proposal in ], the ], the ], the ] and other publications<ref>See .</ref>. Only the republican-leaning ] supported the proposal fully.
{{anchor|Commission}} <!-- ] redirects here -->
While each house is empowered to organise its own business, they have always co-operated in practical matters arising from the fact that they share Leinster House as a common building complex. The '''Houses of the Oireachtas Commission''' was established by statute in 2003 to provide a formal structure for this, which was previously done by a joint committee. Non-political support staff, such as ushers and the English–Irish translation staff, are employed by this Commission and treated as part of the ]. The Commission's ] and ] are the ] and ] of the Dáil respectively; other members are the ] of the Seanad, one appointed by the ], four by the Dáil, and three by the Seanad.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.oireachtas.ie/parliament/about/commission/|title=The Houses of the Oireachtas Commission|publisher=Oireachtas|access-date=30 March 2016|archive-date=3 April 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160403093421/http://www.oireachtas.ie/parliament/about/commission/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2003/act/28/enacted/en/index.html|title=Houses of the Oireachtas Commission Act 2003|work=]|access-date=30 March 2016|archive-date=9 April 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160409155506/http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2003/act/28/enacted/en/index.html|url-status=live}}</ref> The Commission, through the translation department, is responsible for periodic updates to {{Lang|ga|]}}, the official standard form of the ].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2013/act/3/section/3/enacted/en/html#sec3|title=Houses of the Oireachtas Commission (Amendment) Act 2013, Section 3|work=]|access-date=30 March 2016|archive-date=9 April 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160409151140/http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2013/act/3/section/3/enacted/en/html#sec3|url-status=live}}</ref>


==Footnote== ==See also==
* ]
* ]
* ]
*]


==References==
<references />
{{Reflist}}


==External links==
{{commons category}}
* {{Official website|http://www.oireachtas.ie}}


{{Ireland topics}}
==See also==
{{National bicameral legislatures}}
*]
{{Parliaments in Europe}}
*]
{{Authority control}}
*]
*]
*]
*]

==External link==
*

{{Politics of the Republic of Ireland2}}


]
]
]
]
]
] ]
]
]

]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]

Latest revision as of 13:43, 18 December 2024

Bicameral legislature of the Republic of Ireland This article is about the modern legislature. For alternative meanings, see Oireachtas (disambiguation) and Irish parliament (disambiguation).

Oireachtas
Type
TypeBicameral
Houses
History
Established29 December 1937 (Modern form)
Preceded byIrish Free State Oireachtas
Leadership
President of IrelandMichael D. Higgins
since 11 November 2011
Ceann ComhairleVerona Murphy
since 18 December 2024
Leas-Cheann ComhairleCatherine Connolly, Ind
since 23 July 2020
CathaoirleachJerry Buttimer, FG
since 16 December 2022
Leas-ChathaoirleachMark Daly, FF
since 16 December 2022
TaoiseachSimon Harris, FG
since 9 April 2024
TánaisteMicheál Martin, FF
since 17 December 2022
Leader of the OppositionMary Lou McDonald, SF
since 27 June 2020
Structure
Seats
  • Dáil Éireann: 174
  • Seanad Éireann: 60
Dáil political groupsCurrent Composition
  Fianna Fáil (48)
  Sinn Féin (39)
  Fine Gael (38)
  Labour (11)
  Social Democrats (10)
  Independent Ireland (4)
  PBP–Solidarity (3)
  Aontú (2)
  Green (1)
  100% Redress (1)
  Independent (16)
Ceann Comhairle
Joint committees 20
  • Agriculture, Food and the Marine
  • Autism
  • Children, Disability, Equality, Integration, and Youth
  • Disability Matters
  • Education, Further and Higher Education, Research, Innovation, and Science
  • Enterprise, Trade and Employment
  • Environment and Climate Action
  • European Union Affairs
  • Finance, Public Expenditure and Reform, and Taoiseach
  • Foreign Affairs and Defence
  • Gender Equality
  • Implementation of the Good Friday Agreement
  • Irish Language, Gaeltacht and the Irish-speaking Community
  • Health
  • Housing, Local Government and Heritage
  • Justice
  • Public Petitions
  • Social Protection, Community and Rural Development and the Islands
  • Transport and Communications
  • Tourism, Culture, Arts, Sport and Media
Length of termNot exceeding 5 years
AuthorityArticles 15−27, Constitution of Ireland
Salary
  • €105,271 per year + expenses (TDs)
  • €73,726 per year + expenses (Senators)
Elections
Dáil voting systemProportional representation (single transferable vote)
Seanad voting systemIndirect election
Last Dáil election29 November 2024
Last Seanad election31 March 2020
Next general electionBy 2030
Meeting place
Leinster House, Kildare Street, Dublin
Website
www.oireachtas.ie
Constitution
Constitution of Ireland
Rules
Politics of the Republic of Ireland
Coat of arms of Ireland
Constitution
PresidencyPresident Michael D. Higgins
GovernmentCabinet
Oireachtas
Courts
Elections
General
Presidential
Local
European
Administrative geography
Foreign relations




The Oireachtas (/ˈɛrəktəs/ EH-rək-təs, Irish: [ˈɛɾʲaxt̪ˠəsˠ]), sometimes referred to as Oireachtas Éireann, is the bicameral parliament of Ireland. The Oireachtas consists of the president of Ireland and the two houses of the Oireachtas (Irish: Tithe an Oireachtais): a house of representatives called Dáil Éireann and a senate called Seanad Éireann.

The houses of the Oireachtas sit in Leinster House in Dublin, an eighteenth-century ducal palace. The directly elected Dáil is the more powerful of the houses of the Oireachtas.

Etymology

The word oireachtas comes from the Irish word airecht/oireacht ("deliberative assembly of freemen; assembled freemen; assembly, gathering; patrimony, territory"), ultimately from the word airig ("freeman"). Its first recorded use as the name of a legislative body was within the Irish Free State.

Composition

Dáil Éireann is directly elected under universal suffrage of all Irish citizens who are residents and at least eighteen years old; non-Irish citizens may be enfranchised by law, which currently extends to British citizens. By law, a Dáil term may last no longer than five years; however, the house can be dissolved by the president at any time at the request of the Taoiseach (head of government). Dáil elections use the electoral system of proportional representation by means of a single transferable vote. The Dáil has 174 members.

The Seanad is not directly elected but consists of a mixture of members selected in a number of different ways. There are 60 senators: 43 are elected by councillors and parliamentarians, 11 are appointed by the Taoiseach, and six are elected by two university constituencies.

The president is directly elected once every seven years, and may serve a maximum of two terms; where there is only one candidate for president, no ballot will be taken, and the candidate will be deemed elected at the close of nominations.

Role

To become law, a bill must first be approved by both the Dáil and in most circumstances the Seanad (although the Dáil can override a Seanad refusal to pass a bill), and then signed into law by the president. Bills to amend the Constitution must also be approved by the people in a referendum prior to being presented to the President. In most circumstances, the president is in effect obliged to sign all laws approved by the Houses of the Oireachtas, although the president has the power to refer most bills to the Supreme Court for a ruling on constitutionality. The powers of the Seanad are in effect limited to delay rather than veto. It is the Dáil, therefore, that is the supreme tier of the Irish legislature. The general enacting formula for Acts of the Oireachtas is: "Be it enacted by the Oireachtas as follows:—", for an act with a preamble this enacting formula is, instead, "Be it therefore enacted by the Oireachtas as follows:—".

Powers

The Oireachtas has exclusive power to:

  • Legislate, including a power vested in the Dáil of approving the financial resolutions relevant to the budget. However, the courts have allowed the Oireachtas to delegate limited legislative powers to other entities, such as Government Ministers.
  • Create subordinate legislatures.
  • Propose changes to the constitution (must be initiated in the Dáil), which must then be submitted to a referendum.
  • Raise military or armed forces.
  • Allow international agreements to become part of the domestic law of the state.
  • Pass certain laws having an extraterritorial effect (in accordance with the similar practices of other states).
  • Enact, when it considers a state of emergency to exist, almost any law it deems necessary, with the imposition of capital punishment being the only absolutely excluded act in all circumstances.

Limitations

  • Laws are invalid if, and to the extent that, they contradict the constitution.
  • In the event of a conflict, EU law also takes precedence over acts of the Oireachtas, as is common throughout the European Union.
  • It may not retrospectively criminalise acts that were not illegal at the time they were committed.
  • It may not enact any law providing for the imposition of the death penalty, even during a state of emergency.

Committees

Main article: Committees of the Oireachtas

The Oireachtas has a number of joint committees that include members of both houses. There are currently fifteen of these:

  • Joint Committee on Agriculture and the Marine
  • Joint Committee on Children, Disability, Equality and Integration
  • Joint Committee on Climate Action
  • Joint Committee on Education, Further and Higher Education, Research, Innovation and Science
  • Joint Committee on Enterprise, Trade and Employment
  • Joint Committee on European Union Affairs
  • Joint Committee on Finance, Public Expenditure and Reform, and Taoiseach
  • Joint Committee on Foreign Affairs and Defence
  • Joint Committee on Health
  • Joint Committee on Housing, Local Government and Heritage
  • Joint Committee on the Implementation of the Good Friday Agreement
  • Joint Committee on Justice
  • Joint Committee on Media, Tourism, Arts, Culture, Sport and the Gaeltacht
  • Joint Committee on Social Protection, Community and Rural Development and the Islands
  • Joint Committee on Transport and Communications Networks
  • Working Group of Committee Chairmen

Predecessors

Oireachtas has been the title of two parliaments in Irish history: the current Oireachtas of Ireland, since 1937, and, immediately before that, the Oireachtas of the Irish Free State of 1922 to 1937.

The earliest parliament in Ireland was the Parliament of Ireland, which was founded in the thirteenth century as the supreme legislative body of the lordship of Ireland and was in existence until 1801. This parliament governed the English-dominated part of Ireland, which at first was limited to Dublin and surrounding cities, but later grew to include the entire island. The Irish Parliament was, from the passage of Poynings' Law in 1494 until its repeal in 1782, subordinate to the English, and later British, Parliament. This Parliament consisted of the King of Ireland, who was the same person as the King of England, a House of Lords and a House of Commons. In 1800 the Irish Parliament approved its own abolition when it enacted the Act of Union, which came into effect from 1 January 1801.

The next legislature to exist in Ireland came into being in 1919. This was a unicameral parliament established by Irish republicans, known simply as Dáil Éireann. This revolutionary Dáil was notionally a legislature for the whole island of Ireland. In 1920, in parallel to the Dáil, the British government created a home rule legislature called the Parliament of Southern Ireland. However, this parliament was boycotted by most Irish politicians. It was made up of the King, the House of Commons of Southern Ireland and the Senate of Southern Ireland. The Parliament of Southern Ireland was formally abolished in 1922, with the establishment of the Oireachtas under the Constitution of the Irish Free State.

The Oireachtas of the Irish Free State consisted of the King (represented by a Governor-General) and two houses: Dáil Éireann (described as a "Chamber of Deputies") and Seanad Éireann. However, the Free State Senate was abolished in May 1936 and the role of the monarch was removed in December 1936. The modern Oireachtas came into being in December 1937, on the adoption of the Constitution of Ireland.

Broadcasting

The first Oireachtas radio and television broadcasts were of ceremonial addresses from dignitaries, beginning with that of John F. Kennedy during his 1963 state visit. Regular radio broadcasting of edited Oireachtas proceedings began in October 1986, although budget statements had already been broadcast live. Television coverage of Dáil, Seanad, and committee proceedings began in 1990, 1991, and 1993 respectively. Since 2005 the proceedings of both houses have been made available over the internet by HEAnet and the eDemocracy Unit of the Office of the Houses of the Oireachtas.

Houses of the Oireachtas Channel (publicly known as Oireachtas TV) is a digital television channel in Ireland. It broadcasts Committee and Houses and other parliament proceedings following its establishment under the Broadcasting Act 2009. On 15 November 2011, it began broadcasting a pilot service on UPC Ireland. On 22 September 2014, the Houses launched the dedicated television channel Oireachtas TV, bringing unfiltered access to the parliamentary process to over one million households nationwide. The service is available free of charge on UPC Channel 207 and Sky Channel 574.

In 2012, the Oireachtas launched its first e-consultation.

Houses of the Oireachtas family day

On 28 June 2008, the first Houses of the Oireachtas family day was held. This initiative by the Ceann Comhairle of Dáil Éireann, John O'Donoghue and the Cathaoirleach of Seanad Éireann, Pat Moylan aimed to increase public awareness in the work of the Houses of the Oireachtas. It included tours of both chambers of the Oireachtas, lectures on the history of Oireachtas, historic political speeches recited by actors and a hot air balloon – commemorating the balloon flight which took place in 1785 from Leinster Lawn. The Oireachtas family day took place again in 2009, but it has not been held since then.

Northern Ireland representation

Although, as adopted in 1937, Article 3 of the constitution asserted the "right of the parliament and government established by this constitution to exercise jurisdiction" over the whole of Ireland, it also provided that pending the "re-integration of the national territory" Acts of the Oireachtas would not apply to Northern Ireland. Therefore, no serious attempts have been made for the representation of Northern Ireland in the Dáil. As Taoiseach, Éamon de Valera, while a staunch opponent of partition, and who had been elected to represent a Northern constituency in the First Dáil, did not pursue the idea of seats in the Dáil for Northern Ireland, on the grounds that this would amount to representation "without taxation or responsibility". Beginning with Seamus Mallon in 1982, one or more from Northern Ireland have been included among the eleven Senators nominated by the Taoiseach after most elections.

Sinn Féin has advocated that Northern Ireland MLAs, MPs, and MEPs should have the right to participate in Dáil debates, if not vote. In 2005 the Taoiseach, Bertie Ahern, proposed that Northern Ireland MPs should be able to address a committee of the whole Dáil. However, Fine Gael, the Labour Party, and Ahern's coalition partners, the Progressive Democrats, all opposed the idea, as did the Green Party, the Socialist Party and some Oireachtas members from Fianna Fáil. Only Sinn Féin, the party that stood to gain most from the proposal, supported it, while the more moderate Social Democratic and Labour Party (SDLP) described it as a step forward. The proposal was also criticised widely in the media, with an editorial in The Irish Times, declaring that: "The overwhelming democratic imperative is that the institutions of this State should represent and serve the people of the State." From 2011, Northern Ireland MEPs had the same automatic right as MEPs from the Republic to participate in meetings of the Seanad's European committee, whereas other MEPs require an invitation. This ended in 2020 when the United Kingdom left the EU, which consequently meant all UK MEPs left office.

Houses of the Oireachtas Commission

While each house is empowered to organise its own business, they have always co-operated in practical matters arising from the fact that they share Leinster House as a common building complex. The Houses of the Oireachtas Commission was established by statute in 2003 to provide a formal structure for this, which was previously done by a joint committee. Non-political support staff, such as ushers and the English–Irish translation staff, are employed by this Commission and treated as part of the Civil Service of the State. The Commission's chairperson and chief executive are the Ceann Comhairle and clerk of the Dáil respectively; other members are the Cathaoirleach of the Seanad, one appointed by the Minister for Finance, four by the Dáil, and three by the Seanad. The Commission, through the translation department, is responsible for periodic updates to An Caighdeán Oifigiúil, the official standard form of the Irish language.

See also

References

  1. "Oireachtas". Lexico UK English Dictionary. Oxford University Press. Archived from the original on 6 August 2020.
  2. The Oireachtas is described as the "National Parliament" in Article 15 of the Constitution of Ireland, though this term is not an alternative official title.
  3. IPA: [ˈtʲɪhə ənˠ ˈɛɾʲaxt̪ˠəʃ]
  4. Moody, Theodore William; Cróinín, Dáibhí Ó; Martin, Francis X.; Byrne, Francis John; Cosgrove, Art (5 May 1976). A New History of Ireland: Prehistoric and early Ireland. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780198217374. Archived from the original on 22 September 2021. Retrieved 3 October 2020 – via Google Books.
  5. "Bederev -v- Ireland & ors : Judgments & Determinations". Courts Service of Ireland. Archived from the original on 8 October 2015. Retrieved 4 October 2015.
  6. "President Kennedy Arrives at the Dáil". RTÉ Archives. 28 June 1963. Archived from the original on 7 April 2020. Retrieved 7 April 2020.; "50th Anniversary of the First Dáil Marked at Mansion House". RTÉ Archives. 21 January 1969. Archived from the original on 7 April 2020. Retrieved 7 April 2020.
  7. "Broadcasting of Seanad Proceedings: Statement". Seanad Éireann (17th Seanad) debates. Oireachtas. 1 October 1986. Archived from the original on 7 April 2020. Retrieved 7 April 2020.; "Radio Transmissions From Oireachtas, 1986". RTÉ Archives. Archived from the original on 7 April 2020. Retrieved 7 April 2020.; Moriarty, Theresa (8 October 1986). "Mikes make Oireachtas media-shy". The Irish Times. p. 25. Retrieved 7 April 2020.
  8. "Parliamentary Televising". Oireachtas. Archived from the original on 30 May 2006.; Bowman, John (31 December 2015). "Through a Lens — Leinster House 25 Years on TV". Oireachtas TV documentaries. Oireachtas. Archived from the original on 5 August 2020. Retrieved 17 April 2020.
  9. "live broadcasts". Oireachtas. Archived from the original on 4 May 2008. Retrieved 24 January 2011.
  10. Kehoe, Ian (11 May 2008). "Dáil TV station to be unveiled this week". Sunday Business Post. Retrieved 24 January 2011.
  11. "(Number 29 of 2008) – Tithe an Oireachtais" (PDF). Oireachtas. 13 November 2009. Archived (PDF) from the original on 7 January 2011. Retrieved 24 January 2011.
  12. "Parliamentary Televising". Irlgov.ie. 21 October 2010. Archived from the original on 20 November 2007. Retrieved 24 January 2011.
  13. "New TV channel to bring Oireachtas proceedings to over one million homes". Houses of the Oireachtas. 22 September 2014. Archived from the original on 6 June 2015. Retrieved 23 September 2014.
  14. Murray, Michael (July 2013). "Politics at the Touch of a Button: An Evaluation of the First Ever Oireachtas (Irish Houses of Parliament) E-consultation". Parliamentary Affairs. 66 (3): 597. doi:10.1093/pa/gsr072.
  15. "Thousands visit Leinster House of fun". RTÉ News. 28 June 2008. Archived from the original on 19 January 2012. Retrieved 28 June 2008.
  16. "Family Day at Leinster House". RTÉ News. 27 June 2009. Archived from the original on 1 August 2009. Retrieved 5 August 2012.
  17. "Open the Dáil and Seanad chambers to the public, says TD". The Journal.ie. 8 February 2012. Archived from the original on 18 October 2012. Retrieved 5 August 2012.
  18. "CONSTITUTION OF IRELAND" (PDF). Constitution.ie. Archived from the original (PDF) on 9 February 2016. Retrieved 14 October 2017.
  19. Coogan, Tim Pat (16 December 2015). De Valera: Long Fellow, Long Shadow. Head of Zeus. p. 644. ISBN 9781784975371. Archived from the original on 23 April 2017. Retrieved 12 May 2016.
  20. Dáil Reform Committee says no to northern Oireachtas representation, agendaNi, September 2022
  21. ^ Ahern proposal on MPs ill-advised Archived 22 March 2018 at the Wayback Machine, Irish Times, 29 October 2005
  22. Most deputies oppose Dail speaking rights for MPs Archived 22 March 2018 at the Wayback Machine, Sunday Independent, 7 August 2005
  23. Ahern plan to give North MPs Dail rights rejected Archived 22 March 2018 at the Wayback Machine, Irish Times, 28 October 2005
  24. "Standing Orders: Motion". Seanad Éireann debates. 16 June 2011. pp. Standing Order 70A(6). Archived from the original on 5 June 2016. Retrieved 12 May 2016.
  25. "The Houses of the Oireachtas Commission". Oireachtas. Archived from the original on 3 April 2016. Retrieved 30 March 2016.
  26. "Houses of the Oireachtas Commission Act 2003". Irish Statute Book. Archived from the original on 9 April 2016. Retrieved 30 March 2016.
  27. "Houses of the Oireachtas Commission (Amendment) Act 2013, Section 3". Irish Statute Book. Archived from the original on 9 April 2016. Retrieved 30 March 2016.

External links

Ireland topics
History
Timeline
Events
Other topics
Geography
Natural
Human
Politics
Ideologies
Republic of Ireland
Northern Ireland
Culture
Cuisine
Food
Drinks
Dance
Festivals
Languages
Literature
Music
Mythology
People
Immigration to the Republic of Ireland
Groups
Related topics
Sport
Symbols
Other
flag Ireland portal
National bicameral legislatures
Federal
Unitary
Dependent and
other territories
Non-UN states
Historical
Related
National legislatures in Europe
Sovereign states
States with limited
recognition
Dependencies and
other entities
Other entities
Categories: