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| A '''frame language''' is a ]. It applies the ] concept to the structuring of language properties. Frame languages are usually ]. | |||
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| ==Description== | |||
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| Frame languages primarily focus on ''the recognition and description of ] and classes'', with relations and interactions considered as "secondary". | |||
| In general, "]" in this context means "something that can be/(has to be) fulfilled"{{fact|date=September 2013}}. In such sense, for example: ]s are frame languages, but also every ] is a frame language{{fact|date=September 2013}}. In specific contexts, the authors of computer languages use the term "frame" arbitrarily and frequently intuitively, and in a ] sense. | |||
| In the field of ], a frame is a ] introduced by ] in the 1970s that can be used for ]. Minsky frames are intended to help an ] system recognize specific instances of patterns. Frames usually contain properties called ''attributes'' or ''slots''. Slots may contain ''default values'' (subject to override by detecting a different value for an attribute), refer to other frames (''component relationships'') or contain ''methods'' for recognizing pattern instances. Frames are thus a machine-usable formalization of ]s or ]. In contrast, the ] paradigm partitions an information domain into abstraction hierarchies (] and subclasses) rather than partitioning into component hierarchies, and is used to implement any kind of information processing. ] is loosely based on Minsky Frames, its purpose being software ''synthesis'' rather than pattern ''analysis''. | |||
| Like many other knowledge representation systems and languages, frames are an attempt to resemble the way human beings are storing knowledge. It seems like we are storing our knowledge in rather large chunks, and that different chunks are highly interconnected. In frame-based knowledge representations knowledge describing a particular concept is organized as a frame. The frame usually contains a name and a set of slots. | |||
| The slots describe the frame with ]s <slotname value> or alternatively a triple containing framename, slotname and value in some order. In many frame systems the slots are complex structures that have facets describing the properties of the slot. The value of a slot may be a primitive such as a text string or an integer, or it may be another frame. Most systems allow multiple values for slots and some systems support procedural attachments. These attachments can be used to compute the slot value, or they can be triggers used to make consistency checking or updates of other slots. The triggers can be trigged by updates on slots. | |||
| ==Inference and reasoning== | |||
| {{Expand section|date=October 2011}} | |||
| In most frame-based ]s, ] is the central ] mechanism. The frames are organized as a ] with some general ] as the root frame. Many systems support ]. In these systems the tree structure can look more like a ] with possible cycles. | |||
| ] in frame-systems is based on frame ], inheritance and ]. | |||
| ==Implementations== | |||
| *Frame Representation Language (FRL), 1977, Roberts/Goldstein. | |||
| *Two examples of frame- or frame based- languages are ] and ]. | |||
| *An ] for frame-based ] is ]. | |||
| *The ] (KM) is a knowledge representation language and reasoning engine. The knowledge is represented as frames, but KM is also influenced by logic. This combination makes KM very expressive and provides it with a clear, formal semantics. | |||
| *] is a well known knowledge representation system in the tradition of semantic networks and frames. The system is an attempt to overcome semantic indistinctness in semantic network representations and builds upon the idea of Structured inheritance networks. | |||
| ==References== | |||
| * Marvin Minsky, , MIT-AI Laboratory Memo 306, June, 1974. | |||
| * Marvin Minsky, ''A Framework for Representing Knowledge'', in: Patrick Henry Winston (ed.), The Psychology of ]. McGraw-Hill, New York (U.S.A.), 1975. | |||
| * Daniel G. Bobrow, Terry Winograd, , Stanford Artificial Intelligence Laboratory Memo AIM 293, 1976. | |||
| * R. Bruce Roberts and Ira P. Goldstein, , 1977 | |||
| * R. Bruce Roberts and Ira P. Goldstein, , 1977 | |||
| * R. Brachman, J. Schmolze. An overview of the KL-ONE Knowledge Representation System. Cognitive science 9, 171-216, 1985 | |||
| * Fikes, R. E., and T. Kehler. (1985). The role of frame-based representation in knowledge representation and reasoning. Communications of the ACM 28(9):904-920. | |||
| * Peter Clark & Bruce Porter: KM - The Knowledge Machine 2.0: Users Manual, http://www.cs.utexas.edu/users/mfkb/RKF/km.html. | |||
| * Peter D. Karp, , Technical Note 520. ], ], 1992 | |||
| ==See also== | |||
| *] | |||
| *] | |||
| *] | |||
| *] | |||
| ==External links== | |||
| *http://hopl.murdoch.edu.au/showlanguage.prx?exp=6540&language=Frames | |||
| * | |||
| * | |||
| * | |||
| ] | ] | ||
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