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{{Short description|Indian writer (1925–1972)}}
{{EngvarB|date=August 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2014}}
{{Infobox writer {{Infobox writer
|name = Mohan Rakesh |name = Mohan Rakesh
|image = Mohan Rakesh, (1925-1972).jpg |image = Mohan Rakesh, (1925-1972).jpg
|imagesize = 100px |imagesize = 100
px
|birth_date = {{birth date|1925|1|8|mf=y}} |birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1925|1|8}}
|birth_name=Madan Mohan Guglani<ref name=com/> |birth_name=Madan Mohan Guglani<ref name=com/>
|birth_place = ], ] |birth_place = ], ], India
|death_date = {{death date and age|1972|1|3|1925|1|8|mf=y}} |death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|1972|12|3|1925|1|8}}
|death_place = ] |death_place = ], India
|occupation = ], ] |occupation = Novelist, playwright
}} }}


'''Mohan Rakesh''' (मोहन राकेश; January 8, 1925{{spaced ndash}}January 3, 1972) was one of the pioneers of the ''Nai Kahani'' ("New Story") literary movement of the ] in the 1950s. He wrote the first modern Hindi play, '']'' (One Day in Aashad) (1958), which won a competition organized by the ]. He made significant contribution to novel, short story, travelogue, criticism, memoirs and drama.<ref name=com>{{cite book |title=The Columbia encyclopedia of modern drama, Volume 2 |author=Gabrielle H. Cody |authorlink= |coauthors= Evert Sprinchorn |publisher=]|year=2007|isbn=0-231-14424-5 |page=1116 |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=aQqOKWmjdQUC&pg=PA1117&dq=%22Shyamanand+Jalan%22&hl=en&ei=PtN0TfiZL8XjrAejtYDSCg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=8&ved=0CEkQ6AEwBw#v=onepage&q=%22Shyamanand%20Jalan%22&f=false |ref= }}</ref> '''Mohan Rakesh''' (8 January 1925{{spaced ndash}}3 December 1972) was one of the pioneers of the ''Nai Kahani'' ("New Story") literary movement of the ] in India in the 1950s. He wrote the first modern Hindi play, '']'' (One Day in Aashad) (1958), which won a competition organised by the ]. He made significant contributions to the novel, the short story, travelogue, criticism, memoir and drama.<ref name=com>{{cite book |title=The Columbia encyclopedia of modern drama, Volume 2 |author=Gabrielle H. Cody |author2=Evert Sprinchorn |publisher=]|year=2007|isbn=978-0-231-14424-7 |page=1116 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aQqOKWmjdQUC&dq=%22Shyamanand+Jalan%22&pg=PA1117 }}</ref>
Mohan Rakesh's Aadhe-adhure is one of the most significant plays about urbanmiddle class family and poignantly projects the transition of values in the changing urban scenario in India.<ref>Saraswat, Surbhi. “The Quest of Completeness: Mohan Rakesh’s Aadhe Adhure.” Asian Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies, II, no. IX, 2014. </ref>

He was awarded the ] in 1968.<ref>{{dead link|date=June 2012}} ] Official listings.</ref> He was awarded the ] in 1968.<ref> ] Official listings. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080607104701/http://www.sangeetnatak.com/programmes_recognition%26honours_drama_playwriting.html |date=7 June 2008 }}</ref>


==Early life and education== ==Early life and education==


Born as Madan Mohan Guglani on January 8, 1925 in ], ]. His father a lawyer died when he was sixteen.<ref name=com/> He did his M.A. in English and Hindi from ].<ref></ref><ref></ref> He was born as Madan Mohan Guglani on 8 January 1925 in ] in the ] of ].{{citation needed|date= August 2022}} His father was a lawyer who died when he was sixteen.{{citation needed|date= August 2022}} Mohan Rakesh hailed from a ] family. His father migrated from Sindh to Punjab long ago.<ref name=com/> He did his M.A. in English and Hindi from ].<ref></ref><ref></ref>


==Career== ==Career==
He started his career as a postman at Dehradun from 1947 to 1949, after that he shifted to Delhi, but found a teaching job in ], Punjab for a short while.{{citation needed|date= August 2022}} Subsequently, he remained Head of the Hindi department at DAV College, Jalandhar (]) and taught Hindi at Bishop Cotton School in Shimla for two years before coming back to teaching Jalandhar. In Shimla, he had Ruskin Owen Bond among his students. Eventually, he resigned from his job in 1957 to write full-time. He also briefly edited Hindi literary journal ''Sarika'', from 1962 to 1963.{{citation needed|date= August 2022}}
⚫ He started his career as a teacher, and he taught in two colleges and a school, edited a short story magazine before deciding to write full-time.<ref name=com/> His noted novels are ''"Andhere Band Kamare"'' (Closed Dark Rooms) and Na Aane Wala Kal. His plays '']'' (One Day in Aashad) (1958), play a major role in reviving Hindi theatre in 1960s<ref></ref> and Adhe Adhure (The Incomplete Ones or Halfway House) (1959) are highly regarded. His debut play ''Ashadh Ka Ek Din'' was first performed by Kolkata-based Hindi theatre group ''Anamika'', under director, ] (1960)<ref name=kas>{{cite book |title=Pop culture India!: media, arts, and lifestyle |author=Asha Kasbekar |authorlink= |coauthors= |publisher=ABC-CLIO |year=2006|isbn=1-85109-636-1 |page=73 |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=Sv7Uk0UcdM8C&pg=PA73&dq=%22Shyamanand+Jalan%22&hl=en&ei=PtN0TfiZL8XjrAejtYDSCg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=7&ved=0CEQQ6AEwBg#v=onepage&q=%22Shyamanand%20Jalan%22&f=false |ref= }}</ref> and subsequently by ] at ] Delhi in 1962, which established Mohan Rakesh as the first modern Hindi playwright.<ref name=com/> His plays continue to be performed and receive acclaim worldwide. ''One Day in the Season of Rain'', Aparna Dharwadker and Vinay Dharwadker's authorized English translation of '']'', premiered at ] in Kenosha, WI, USA in 2010 and traveled to the Kennedy Center ] (Region 3) in 2011.


⚫ His novels are ''Andhere Band Kamare'' (''Closed Dark Rooms'') and ''Na Aane Wala Kal'' (The Tomorrow That Never Comes). His plays include '']'' (''One Day in Aashad'') (1958), played a major role in reviving Hindi theatre in the 1960s<ref></ref> and ''Adhe Adhure'' (The Incomplete Ones or Halfway ouse) (1969). His debut play ''Ashadh Ka Ek Din'' was first performed by Kolkata-based Hindi theatre group ''Anamika'', under director ] (1960)<ref name=kas>{{cite book |title=Pop culture India!: media, arts, and lifestyle |author=Asha Kasbekar |publisher=ABC-CLIO |year=2006|isbn=1-85109-636-1 |page=73 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Sv7Uk0UcdM8C&dq=%22Shyamanand+Jalan%22&pg=PA73 }}</ref> and subsequently by ] at ] Delhi in 1962, which established Mohan Rakesh as the first modern Hindi playwright.<ref name=com/> His plays continue to be performed and receive acclaim worldwide. ''One Day in the Season of Rain'', Aparna Dharwadker and Vinay Dharwadker's authorised English translation of '']'', premiered at ] in Kenosha, Wisconsin, United States in 2010 and traveled to the Kennedy Center ] (Region 3) in 2011.
⚫ "Leheron Ke Raj Hans' (The Swans of the Waves), the most noted play of Mohan Rakesh,an ancient Buddhist tale on the renunciation of the ], and its after affects on his close family, was first written as short story and later turned it into a ] for ] ], and broadcast under the title "Sundri", though his struggle over different versions of the play lasted for nearly 20 years, before creating his masterpiece.<ref>{{cite book |title=The modernity of Sanskrit |author=Simona Sawhney|publisher=Univ. of Minnesota Press|year=2008|isbn=0-8166-4996-0|page=73 |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=Y1Bs-GD7yZIC&pg=PA73&dq=%22Shyamanand+Jalan%22&hl=en&ei=ycd1TaKeKsTNrQer0PW_Cg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCkQ6AEwADgK#v=onepage&q=%22Shyamanand%20Jalan%22&f=false |ref= }}</ref> Prominent Indian directors ], ], ] and ] directed this play.<ref>{{dead link|date=June 2012}} Romesh Chander, ],November 18, 2005.</ref> In 2005, this very writing process of the play, and Mohan Rakesh’s diary, writings, letters about the play, was recreated in play titled “Manuscript”, by a Delhi theater group.


⚫ '']'' (''The Swans of the Waves''), a play of Mohan Rakesh about an ancient Buddhist tale on the renunciation of the ], and its aftereffects on his close family, was first written as a short story and later turned into a ] for ] ], and broadcast under the title ''Sundri'', though his struggle over different versions of the play lasted for nearly 20 years.<ref>{{cite book |title=The modernity of Sanskrit |author=Simona Sawhney|publisher=Univ. of Minnesota Press|year=2008|isbn=978-0-8166-4996-9|page=73 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Y1Bs-GD7yZIC&dq=%22Shyamanand+Jalan%22&pg=PA73 }}</ref> Prominent Indian directors ], ], ] and ] directed this play.<ref>{{usurped|}} Romesh Chander, '']'', 18 November 2005. </ref> In 2005, this very writing process of the play, and Mohan Rakesh's diary, writings, and letters about the play, were recreated in a play titled ''Manuscript'', by a Delhi theatre group.
His story, ''Uski Roti'' (A Day's Bread) was made into ], by ] in 1971, for which he also wrote the screenplay.<ref> ]</ref>

In July 1971, he received the ] for research on 'The Dramatic Word'. However, he could not complete it and died on 3 January 1972.<ref name=du/><ref>{{cite web| title = Official list of Jawaharlal Nehru Fellows (1969-present)|work = ] | url = http://www.jnmf.in/flist.html }}</ref>

==Personal life==
His second marriage in 1960 too ended soon. However, in his third marriage to Anita Aulakh in 1963, he had found love. At the time of the marriage Anita was 21 year old. After his death, she continued to live in Delhi and, now in her seventies, lives in East of Kailash neighbourhood. Her autobiographical work, ''Satrein Aur Satrein'', was first serialized in the Hindi magazine ''Sarika'', and later published in 2002.<ref name=du>
{{cite web | title = Mohan Rakesh: A Rudimentary Sketch | url = http://sol.du.ac.in/mod/book/view.php?id=853&chapterid=512 |work=SOL, Delhi University| access-date = 2016-07-18 }}</ref><ref name=ht16>{{cite web
| title = The love story of Anita and Mohan Rakesh | work= Hindustan Times, Brunch| url = http://www.hindustantimes.com/brunch/the-love-story-of-anita-and-mohan-rakesh/story-CKSJQaJzeuKt51stwwVKvN.html |author=Poonam Saxena| date= 14 March 2016| access-date = 2016-07-18 }}</ref>


== Literary work == == Literary work ==

===Novels ''(Upanyas)''=== ===Novels ''(Upanyas)''===

* Na Aane Wala Kal
* Andhere Band Kamre * ''Andhere Band Kamre'' (1961)
* ''Na Aanewala Kal'' (1968)
* Antral
* Bakalama khuda (1974) * ''Antaraal'' (1972)
* ''Bakalama Khuda'' (1974)


===Plays ''(Natak-Ekanki)''=== ===Plays ''(Natak-Ekanki)''===

* Aadhe Adhure (Halfway House)
* ''Aadhe Adhure''<ref>Saraswat, Surbhi. “The Quest of Completeness: Mohan Rakesh’s Aadhe Adhure.” Asian Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies, II, no. IX, 2014. </ref> / आधे अधूरे (1969) {{ISBN|978-81-8361-325-5}}
* Leheron Ke Raj Hans
*
* ] (One Day in Ashadha)
* '']'' / लहरों के राजहंस (1963) {{ISBN|978-81-267-1595-4}}
⚫ * Mohan Rakesh ke Sampurn Natak, 1993, Rajpal. ISBN 81-7028-152-0.
* '']'' (One Day in Ashadha, 1958) {{ISBN|9788170284093}}
⚫ * Rata bitane taka tatha anya dhvani nataka, 1974, Radhakrishna Prakashan. ISBN 81-7119-332-3. (Radio plays)
⚫ * ''Mohan Rakesh ke Sampurn Natak'', 1993, Rajpal. {{ISBN|81-7028-152-0}}.
]
and ] performing in a play Aadhe Adhoore]]]

==History==
=== Posthumously published ===

* '' Pairon Tale ki Zameen '' (1973)
<sup>()</sup><ref name=du/>
* ''Ande ke Chilke, anya ekanki tatha beej natak'' (1973)
⚫ * ''Rata Bitane Taka Tatha Anya Dhvani Nataka'', 1974, Radhakrishna Prakashan. {{ISBN|81-7119-332-3}}. (Radio plays)


===Translation=== ===Translation===
* Mrichchkatikam, (Sanskrit play) * ''Mrichchkatikam'', (Sanskrit play)
* Shakuntalam (Sanskrit play) * ''Shakuntalam'' (Sanskrit play)


===Story anthologies ''(Kahani Sangrah)''=== ===Story anthologies ''(Kahani Sangrah)''===
* 10 Pratinidhi Kahaniyan (Mohan Rakesh) * ''10 Pratinidhi Kahaniyan'' (Mohan Rakesh)
* Rat ki Bahon Mein * ''Rat ki Bahon Mein''
* Mohan Rakesh ki Sampurn Kahaniyan * ''Mohan Rakesh ki meri prem Kahaniyan''

== Kannada translations ==

=== Plays ===

* Aashadada Ondu Dina by ] (1973, 1978, 1979, 1988, 1993, 2000, 2011, 2012, 2017) ('']'' (One Day in Ashadha, 1958))
* Alalegalalli Rajahamsagalu by ] (1980, 1988, 2017) ('']'' / लहरों के राजहंस (1963))
* Aadha Adhure by ] (1976, 1989) (''Aadhe Adhure'' / आधे अधूरे (1969))
* Kaala Kelagina Nela by ] (2011) (''Pairon Tale Ki Zameen'' (1973))

== Cinematic adaptations ==
Two of his literary works were adapted by the filmmaker ]. The first film was ] made in 1969 based on the short story of the same name. For this film, Mohan Rakesh wrote the dialogs.<ref> '']''</ref> The second film was ] made in 1971, based on a play by Mohan Rakesh.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/theatre/talking-theatre/article26206197.ece/|title= Talking theatre |date=8 February 2019|work= The Hindu}}</ref>


== References == == References ==
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== Further reading == == Further reading ==
* Aadhunik Hindi Natak Ka Agradoot: Mohan Rakesh * Aadhunik Hindi Natak Ka Agradoot: Mohan Rakesh
* Mohan Rakesh’s Halfway House: Critical Perspectives, edited by Subhash Chandra. New Delhi, Asia Book, 2001, ISBN 81-7851-004-9. (Aadhe Adhure) * Mohan Rakesh’s Halfway House: Critical Perspectives, edited by Subhash Chandra. New Delhi, Asia Book, 2001, {{ISBN|81-7851-004-9}}. (Aadhe Adhure)
* *


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* *


{{Hindi writers}} {{Authority control}}


{{Authority control|VIAF=39516070}}
{{Persondata <!-- Metadata: see ]. -->
| NAME = Mohan Rakesh
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION =
| DATE OF BIRTH = January 8, 1925
| PLACE OF BIRTH = ], ]
| DATE OF DEATH = January 3, 1972
| PLACE OF DEATH = ]
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Mohan Rakesh}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Mohan Rakesh}}
] ]
] ]
]
] ]
] ]
] ]
] ]
] ]
] ]
] ]
] ]
]
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]
]

Latest revision as of 14:25, 24 November 2024

Indian writer (1925–1972)

Mohan Rakesh
100 px
BornMadan Mohan Guglani
(1925-01-08)8 January 1925
Amritsar, Punjab, India
Died3 December 1972(1972-12-03) (aged 47)
Delhi, India
OccupationNovelist, playwright

Mohan Rakesh (8 January 1925 – 3 December 1972) was one of the pioneers of the Nai Kahani ("New Story") literary movement of the Hindi literature in India in the 1950s. He wrote the first modern Hindi play, Ashadh Ka Ek Din (One Day in Aashad) (1958), which won a competition organised by the Sangeet Natak Akademi. He made significant contributions to the novel, the short story, travelogue, criticism, memoir and drama. Mohan Rakesh's Aadhe-adhure is one of the most significant plays about urbanmiddle class family and poignantly projects the transition of values in the changing urban scenario in India. He was awarded the Sangeet Natak Akademi Award in 1968.

Early life and education

He was born as Madan Mohan Guglani on 8 January 1925 in Amritsar in the Punjab Province of British India. His father was a lawyer who died when he was sixteen. Mohan Rakesh hailed from a Sindhi family. His father migrated from Sindh to Punjab long ago. He did his M.A. in English and Hindi from Punjab University, Lahore.

Career

He started his career as a postman at Dehradun from 1947 to 1949, after that he shifted to Delhi, but found a teaching job in Jalandhar, Punjab for a short while. Subsequently, he remained Head of the Hindi department at DAV College, Jalandhar (Guru Nanak Dev University) and taught Hindi at Bishop Cotton School in Shimla for two years before coming back to teaching Jalandhar. In Shimla, he had Ruskin Owen Bond among his students. Eventually, he resigned from his job in 1957 to write full-time. He also briefly edited Hindi literary journal Sarika, from 1962 to 1963.

His novels are Andhere Band Kamare (Closed Dark Rooms) and Na Aane Wala Kal (The Tomorrow That Never Comes). His plays include Ashadh Ka Ek Din (One Day in Aashad) (1958), played a major role in reviving Hindi theatre in the 1960s and Adhe Adhure (The Incomplete Ones or Halfway ouse) (1969). His debut play Ashadh Ka Ek Din was first performed by Kolkata-based Hindi theatre group Anamika, under director Shyamanand Jalan (1960) and subsequently by Ebrahim Alkazi at National School of Drama Delhi in 1962, which established Mohan Rakesh as the first modern Hindi playwright. His plays continue to be performed and receive acclaim worldwide. One Day in the Season of Rain, Aparna Dharwadker and Vinay Dharwadker's authorised English translation of Ashadh Ka Ek Din, premiered at Carthage College in Kenosha, Wisconsin, United States in 2010 and traveled to the Kennedy Center American College Theatre Festival (Region 3) in 2011.

Lahron Ke Rajhans (The Swans of the Waves), a play of Mohan Rakesh about an ancient Buddhist tale on the renunciation of the Buddha, and its aftereffects on his close family, was first written as a short story and later turned into a radio play for All India Radio Jalandhar, and broadcast under the title Sundri, though his struggle over different versions of the play lasted for nearly 20 years. Prominent Indian directors Om Shivpuri, Shyamanand Jalan, Arvind Gaur and Ram Gopal Bajaj directed this play. In 2005, this very writing process of the play, and Mohan Rakesh's diary, writings, and letters about the play, were recreated in a play titled Manuscript, by a Delhi theatre group.

In July 1971, he received the Jawarharlal Nehru Fellowship for research on 'The Dramatic Word'. However, he could not complete it and died on 3 January 1972.

Personal life

His second marriage in 1960 too ended soon. However, in his third marriage to Anita Aulakh in 1963, he had found love. At the time of the marriage Anita was 21 year old. After his death, she continued to live in Delhi and, now in her seventies, lives in East of Kailash neighbourhood. Her autobiographical work, Satrein Aur Satrein, was first serialized in the Hindi magazine Sarika, and later published in 2002.

Literary work

Novels (Upanyas)

  • Andhere Band Kamre (1961)
  • Na Aanewala Kal (1968)
  • Antaraal (1972)
  • Bakalama Khuda (1974)

Plays (Natak-Ekanki)

Mohan Agashe and Lillete Dubey performing in a play Aadhe Adhoore

]

History

Posthumously published

  • Pairon Tale ki Zameen (1973)

  • Ande ke Chilke, anya ekanki tatha beej natak (1973)
  • Rata Bitane Taka Tatha Anya Dhvani Nataka, 1974, Radhakrishna Prakashan. ISBN 81-7119-332-3. (Radio plays)

Translation

  • Mrichchkatikam, (Sanskrit play)
  • Shakuntalam (Sanskrit play)

Story anthologies (Kahani Sangrah)

  • 10 Pratinidhi Kahaniyan (Mohan Rakesh)
  • Rat ki Bahon Mein
  • Mohan Rakesh ki meri prem Kahaniyan

Kannada translations

Plays

Cinematic adaptations

Two of his literary works were adapted by the filmmaker Mani Kaul. The first film was Uski Roti made in 1969 based on the short story of the same name. For this film, Mohan Rakesh wrote the dialogs. The second film was Ashadh Ka Ek Din made in 1971, based on a play by Mohan Rakesh.

References

  1. ^ Gabrielle H. Cody; Evert Sprinchorn (2007). The Columbia encyclopedia of modern drama, Volume 2. Columbia University Press. p. 1116. ISBN 978-0-231-14424-7.
  2. Saraswat, Surbhi. “The Quest of Completeness: Mohan Rakesh’s Aadhe Adhure.” Asian Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies, II, no. IX, 2014.
  3. Drama – Playwriting Awards Sangeet Natak Akademi Official listings. Archived 7 June 2008 at the Wayback Machine
  4. Mohan Rakesh Biography and Works
  5. Mohan Rakesh bio and books
  6. Mohan Rakesh
  7. Asha Kasbekar (2006). Pop culture India!: media, arts, and lifestyle. ABC-CLIO. p. 73. ISBN 1-85109-636-1.
  8. Simona Sawhney (2008). The modernity of Sanskrit. Univ. of Minnesota Press. p. 73. ISBN 978-0-8166-4996-9.
  9. More than just a manuscript! Romesh Chander, The Hindu, 18 November 2005.
  10. ^ "Mohan Rakesh: A Rudimentary Sketch". SOL, Delhi University. Retrieved 18 July 2016.
  11. "Official list of Jawaharlal Nehru Fellows (1969-present)". Jawaharlal Nehru Memorial Fund.
  12. Poonam Saxena (14 March 2016). "The love story of Anita and Mohan Rakesh". Hindustan Times, Brunch. Retrieved 18 July 2016.
  13. Saraswat, Surbhi. “The Quest of Completeness: Mohan Rakesh’s Aadhe Adhure.” Asian Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies, II, no. IX, 2014.
  14. Uski Roti (1971) New York Times
  15. "Talking theatre". The Hindu. 8 February 2019.

Further reading

  • Aadhunik Hindi Natak Ka Agradoot: Mohan Rakesh
  • Mohan Rakesh’s Halfway House: Critical Perspectives, edited by Subhash Chandra. New Delhi, Asia Book, 2001, ISBN 81-7851-004-9. (Aadhe Adhure)
  • Miss Pal by Mohan Rakesh

External links

Categories: