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{{Short description|Commonwealth nations holiday on 26 December}} | |||
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:''"Christmas box" redirects here. For the genus of shrubs, see ]. For other uses, see ].'' | |||
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{{Use British English|date=December 2016}} | |||
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{{Infobox holiday | {{Infobox holiday | ||
| holiday_name = Boxing Day |
| holiday_name = Boxing Day | ||
| nickname = Offering Day<ref name = "Robb1984" /> | |||
| longtype = ] / Public holiday | |||
| longtype = ], ] | |||
| image = | |||
| image = Eaton_Centre_Boxing_Day,_2019.jpg | |||
| caption = | |||
| caption = Boxing Day crowds shopping at Toronto's ] | |||
| observedby = ] | |||
| observedby = ] | |||
| duration = 1 day | |||
| duration = One day | |||
| frequency = annual | |||
| frequency = Annual | |||
| scheduling = same day each year | |||
| date = 26 December | | date = 26 December | ||
| relatedto = ] |
| relatedto = {{ubl|Day of Goodwill|] (concurrent)|]}} | ||
| type = International | |||
}} | }} | ||
'''Boxing Day''' is |
'''Boxing Day''' is a holiday celebrated after ], occurring on the ] of ] (26 December).<ref name="Robb1984"/> Boxing Day was once a day to donate gifts to those in need, but it has evolved to become a part of Christmas festivities, with many people choosing to shop for deals on Boxing Day. It originated in the United Kingdom and is celebrated in several ] nations. The attached ] or ] may take place on 27 or 28 December if necessary to ensure it falls on a weekday.<!-- Do not expand this in the Lead; it is explained correctly in the Date sub-section--> Boxing Day is also concurrent with the Christian festival ]. | ||
In ], |
In parts of Europe,<!-- please add only sourced countries/regions --> such as ],<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.vilaweb.cat/noticies/sant-esteve-les-raons-mil%C2%B7lenaries-duna-festa |title=Sant Esteve, les raons mil·lenàries d'una festa |trans-title=St. Stephens day, millenary explanations of a festivity |website=vilaweb.cat |date=27 December 2015 |language=ca |access-date=1 November 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite encyclopedia |encyclopedia=Gran Enciclopèdia Catalana |title=Esteve (sant) |url=https://www.enciclopedia.cat/ec-gec-0025280.xml |access-date=1 November 2020 |language=ca |year=1987 }}</ref> the Czech Republic, Germany, Austria, Hungary, Netherlands, Italy, Poland, Slovakia,<ref name="slovakia-second-christmas-day">{{cite news|date = 26 December 2016|title = Druhý sviatok vianočný je aj dňom návštev|language = sk|trans-title = The second day of Christmas is also the day of visits|work = ] / MY Zvolen|url = https://myzvolen.sme.sk/c/6648231/druhy-sviatok-vianocny-je-aj-dnom-navstev.html|access-date = 11 December 2020}}</ref> Slovenia, Croatia, Denmark, Finland, Romania, Sweden, Belgium, Norway, Latvia and the Republic of Ireland, 26 December is Saint Stephen's Day, which is considered the second day of Christmas.<ref name="Second Christmas Day">{{cite book|pages=21|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6w6u6YTsDdcC&pg=PA21|title=Christmas Facts, Figures & Fun: Facts, Figures and Fun|isbn=978-1-904332-27-5|last1=Brown|first1=Cameron|year=2006| publisher=Facts, Figures & Fun }}</ref> | ||
== |
== Etymology == | ||
There are competing theories for the origins of the term, none of which is definitive.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.snopes.com/holidays/christmas/boxingday.asp|title=snopes.com: Boxing Day Origins|website=]|date=7 November 2000 }}</ref> | |||
The European tradition of giving money and other gifts to those in need, or in service positions, has been dated to the ], but the exact origin is unknown; it may refer to the ] placed in the ] of Christian churches to collect donations for the poor. The tradition may come from a custom in the late ] and ] era, wherein alms boxes placed in churches were used to collect special offerings tied to the ],<ref>Collins, 2003, p. 38.</ref> which, in the ], falls on the same day as Boxing Day, the second day of ]. On this day, it is customary in some localities for the alms boxes to be opened and distributed to the poor.<ref name="Robb1984">{{cite book |last1=Robb |first1=Nancy |title=Mid-winter festivals: anthology of stories, traditions, and poems |date=1984 |publisher=S.E. Clapp |page=27 |language=en |quote=St. Stephen's Day or Boxing Day: Boxing Day, or Offering Day as it is sometimes called, derives its name from the ancient practice of giving boxes of money at the midwinter holiday season to all those who had given good service throughout the year. Boxing Day, December 26, was the day the boxes were opened. Later, it was the day on which the alms boxes, located in the churches on Christmas Day, were opened and the contents given to the poor.}}</ref><ref name="FaustSach2002">{{cite book |last1=Faust |first1=Jessica |last2=Sach |first2=Jacky |title=The Book of Christmas |date=2002 |publisher=Citadel Press |isbn=978-0-8065-2368-2 |language=en |quote=Yet another legend is that Boxing Day started the tradition of opening the alms boxes placed in churches during the Christmas season. The contents of the alms boxes were then distributed amongst the poor of the parish.}}</ref> | |||
The exact etymology of the term "boxing day" is unclear. There are several competing theories, none of which is definitive.<ref>. ].</ref> The European tradition, which has long included giving money and other gifts to those who were needy and in service positions, has been dated to the ], but the exact origin is unknown. It is believed to be in reference to the Alms Box placed in places of worship in order to collect donations to the poor. In ancient, pre-Christian Rome, ] was a Roman celebration during which slave owners would switch roles with their slaves. Gift giving was a part of Saturnalia and benevolence to slaves was a practice which may have influenced the later December tradition of boxing and presenting of gifts to people of lesser status.{{citation needed|date=January 2013}} Also, it may come from a custom in the late Roman/early Christian era, wherein metal boxes placed outside churches were used to collect special offerings tied to the ],<ref>Collins, 2003, p. 38.</ref> which in the ] falls on the same day as Boxing Day. My dad believes this. | |||
The '']'' gives the earliest attestation from Britain in 1743, defining it as "the day after Christmas day", and saying "traditionally on this day tradespeople, employees, etc., would receive presents or gratuities (a "Christmas box") from their customers or employers."<ref>{{Cite OED|Boxing Day|id=22316}}</ref> | |||
In ], it was a custom for tradesmen to collect "Christmas boxes" of money or presents on the first weekday after Christmas as thanks for good service throughout the year.<ref>Encyclopedia Britannica, 1953 "Boxing day"</ref> This is mentioned in ]' diary entry for 19 December 1663.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pepysdiary.com/diary/1663/12/19/ |title=Saturday 19 December 1663 (Pepys' Diary) |publisher=Pepysdiary.com |accessdate=26 December 2010}}</ref> | |||
This custom is linked to an older English tradition: since they would have to wait on their masters on Christmas Day, the servants of the wealthy were allowed the next day to visit their families. The employers would give each servant a box to take home containing gifts and bonuses, and sometimes leftover food. | |||
The term "Christmas box"<ref>{{Cite OED|Christmas box|id=32481}}</ref> dates back to the 17th century, and among other things meant: | |||
== Date == | |||
<blockquote>A present or gratuity given at Christmas: In Great Britain, usually confined to gratuities given to those who are supposed to have a vague claim upon the donor for services rendered to him as one of the general public by whom they are employed and paid, or as a customer of their legal employer; the undefined theory being that as they have done offices for this person, for which he has not directly paid them, some direct acknowledgement is becoming at Christmas.</blockquote> | |||
Boxing Day is a ] that is traditionally celebrated on 26 December, the day after ], which is also ], a ].<ref>''American Heritage Dictionary'', Fourth Edition – 'Boxing Day'</ref><ref>''Oxford English''</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/pressreleases/stories/2004/11_november/17/radio4_sun26.shtml |title=BBC Radio 4 schedule, 3 December 2004 |date = 17 November 2004 |accessdate =17 December 2009}}</ref> When 26 December falls on a Sunday, Boxing Day in many Commonwealth countries and former British dominions is moved to 27 December. In the UK, Boxing Day is a ]. If Boxing Day falls on a Saturday, the following Monday is given as a substitute bank holiday. On the occasion when Christmas Day is on a Saturday – with Boxing Day on the Sunday – the following Monday (27) and Tuesday (28) of December both become bank holidays. | |||
In Britain, it was a custom for tradesmen to collect "Christmas boxes" of money or presents on the first weekday after Christmas as thanks for good service throughout the year.<ref>''Encyclopædia Britannica'', 1953 "Boxing day"</ref> This is mentioned in ]' diary entry for 19 December 1663.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pepysdiary.com/diary/1663/12/19/ |title=Saturday 19 December 1663 (Pepys' Diary) |date=19 December 2006 |publisher=Pepysdiary.com |access-date=26 December 2010}}</ref> This custom is linked to an older British tradition in which the servants of the wealthy were allowed the next day to visit their families since they would have had to serve their masters on Christmas Day. The employers would give each servant a box to take home containing gifts, bonuses, and sometimes leftover food. Until the late 20th century, there continued to be a tradition among many in the UK to give a ], usually cash, to vendors, although not on Boxing Day, as many would not work on that day.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Boxing Day and it's surprising facts |url=https://www.shoppersinusa.com/2021/12/boxing-day-and-its-surprising-facts.html |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211207053348/https://www.shoppersinusa.com/2021/12/boxing-day-and-its-surprising-facts.html |archive-date=7 December 2021 |access-date=7 December 2021 |website=shoppersinusa}}</ref> | |||
In ], Boxing Day has been specified as an additional bank holiday since 1974,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.london-gazette.co.uk/issues/46377/pages/9343 |title=London Gazette, 18 October 1974 |publisher=London-gazette.co.uk |date=18 October 1974 |accessdate=26 December 2010}}</ref> by ] under the ].<ref></ref> | |||
== Date == | |||
In ] – when the island as a whole was part of the ] – the ] established the feast day of ] as a non-movable public holiday on 26 December. Since the creation of the ] following ], only ] officially continues to use the British name 'Boxing Day'. | |||
], a ], also falls on 26 December.<ref>"Boxing Day". ''American Heritage Dictionary'', Fourth Edition.</ref><ref>{{cite press release |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/pressreleases/stories/2004/11_november/17/radio4_sun26.shtml |title=Radio 4 Christmas 2004 highlights |publisher=] Press Office |date=17 November 2004 |access-date=27 December 2020}}</ref> | |||
In the United Kingdom, Boxing Day could not fall on Sunday 26 December. Instead, Boxing Day would be celebrated on Monday 27 December, with the preceding Sunday called Christmas Sunday. This rule was independent of the rule of bank holidays being taken in lieu. Over time Sunday 26 December increasingly became referred to as Boxing Day. | |||
In the ]n state of ], 28 December is a public holiday known as ] and Boxing Day is not normally a public holiday. The holiday for Proclamation Day is observed on the first weekday after Christmas Day or the Christmas Day holiday.<ref></ref> | |||
Nowadays Boxing Day is popular in Australia as the first day of a Test cricket match held at the ]. A Test match is also often held in South Africa starting on Boxing Day. | |||
Unlike the contemporary understanding of Boxing Day itself, the associated ] or ] always falls on a weekday. When 25 December falls on a Saturday and 26 December falls on a Sunday, the Christmas Day substitute holiday is observed on Monday 27 December, with the Boxing Day substitute holiday observed on Tuesday 28 December. When Christmas Day is a Sunday, the Boxing Day holiday is still observed on Monday 26 December, with the substitute holiday for Christmas Day observed on Tuesday 27 December.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gov.uk/bank-holidays|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201228122638/https://www.gov.uk/bank-holidays|title=UK bank holidays|website=GOV.UK|archive-date=28 December 2020|access-date=31 December 2021}}</ref> | |||
In New Zealand Boxing Day is a statutory holiday; penalty rates and lieu time are provided to employees who work on the day. | |||
The Banking and Financial Dealings Act 1971, which regulates UK bank holidays, does not officially name the 26 December bank holiday as Boxing Day, but states that it falls on "26th December, if it be not a Sunday."<ref name="sch1">, Schedule 1, The National Archives. Retrieved 6 December 2023.</ref> | |||
In some Canadian provinces, Boxing Day is a statutory holiday<ref name="Manitoba">{{cite web |url=http://www.gov.mb.ca/labour/standards/doc,gen-holidays-after-april-30-07,factsheet.html#q13 |title = Fact Sheet |author = Manitoba Employment Standards Branch |date = 27 November 2009 |accessdate =17 December 2009}}</ref> that is always celebrated on 26 December. In Canadian provinces where Boxing Day was a statutory holiday, and it falls on a Saturday or Sunday, compensation days are given in the following week.<ref name="Manitoba"/> | |||
== Status by country == | |||
* In Australia, Boxing Day is a public holiday in all jurisdictions except the state of ], where a public holiday known as ] is celebrated on the first weekday after Christmas Day or the Christmas Day holiday.<ref>{{cite web|title=Public holidays|url=https://www.safework.sa.gov.au/resources/public-holidays|website=SafeWork SA|publisher=Government of South Australia |access-date=26 December 2024}}</ref> Both the ] ] match held at the ] and The ] begin on Boxing Day. | |||
* In Canada, Boxing Day ({{langx|fr|link=no|le Lendemain de Noël}}) is a federal statutory holiday for employees of federally-regulated industries or workplaces.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.canada.ca/en/services/jobs/workplace/federal-labour-standards/vacations-holidays.html|title=Annual vacations and general holidays for employees working for federally regulated employers|publisher=Government of Canada|website=www.canada.ca|date=27 November 2024|access-date=26 December 2024}}</ref> It's also recognized as a statuatory holiday in the province of ].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ontario.ca/document/your-guide-employment-standards-act-0/public-holidays|title=Public holidays|publisher=King's Printer for Ontario|website=www.ontario.ca|date=8 July 2024|access-date=26 December 2024}}</ref> In ], Boxing Day is a holiday listed as a "prescribed day of rest" in the province's Days of Rest Act, but it is not a statutory holiday because it is not classified as a paid public holiday under New Brunswick's Employment Standards Act.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://stlawyers.ca/blog-news/statutory-holidays-new-brunswick/|title=Statutory Holidays in New Brunswick|website=stlawyers.ca|publisher=Samfiru Tumarkin LLP|date=2 December 2023|access-date=26 December 2024}}</ref> | |||
* In Hong Kong, despite the ] from the UK to China in 1997, Boxing Day is a general holiday as the first weekday after Christmas.<ref>{{cite web|title=General holidays for 2007 – 2021|url=https://www.gov.hk/en/about/abouthk/holiday/|publisher=GovHK|access-date=26 December 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Labour Department - Frequently Asked Questions|url=https://www.labour.gov.hk/eng/faq/cap57f_whole.htm|access-date=4 March 2021|publisher=Government of Hong Kong}}</ref> Starting in 2024, Boxing Day became a statutory holiday in the territory. | |||
* In Ireland, when the entire island ] the United Kingdom, the ] established the 26 December as a bank holiday.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.berr.gov.uk/whatwedo/employment/bank-public-holidays/bank-public-holidays/page18882.html|title=History of Bank & Public Holidays|publisher=Department for Business Enterprise & Regulatory Reform|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081207051825/http://www.berr.gov.uk/whatwedo/employment/bank-public-holidays/bank-public-holidays/page18882.html|archive-date=7 December 2008|access-date=14 December 2008}}</ref> The day is referred to as ] in many parts of Ireland, and as Boxing Day in ] and ] (particularly East Donegal and ]).<ref>Boxing Day tragedy in Donegal as man dies in crash (''Donegal News'', 26 December 2019). https://donegalnews.com/2019/12/boxing-day-tragedy-in-donegal-as-man-dies-in-crash {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221222161005/https://donegalnews.com/2019/12/boxing-day-tragedy-in-donegal-as-man-dies-in-crash/ |date=22 December 2022 }}</ref><ref> Donegal couple devastated after losing home in Boxing Day fire (''Donegal Daily'', 29 December 2017). https://www.donegaldaily.com/2017/12/29/donegal-couple-devastated-after-losing-home-in-boxing-day-fire/</ref><ref>{{cite web | title=Boxing Day/St. Stephen's Day - Which is more common in Donegal?| website=boards.ie | date=24 December 2009 | url=https://www.boards.ie/discussion/2055778576/boxing-day-st-stephens-day-which-is-more-common-in-donegal}}</ref> | |||
* In New Zealand, Boxing Day is a statutory holiday. On these holidays, people who must work receive {{frac|1|1|2}} times their salaries, and a day in lieu is provided to employees who work.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.govt.nz/browse/work/public-holidays-and-work/working-on-public-holidays/ | title=Working on public holidays | publisher=New Zealand Government | access-date=25 December 2017}}</ref> | |||
* In Nigeria, Boxing Day is a public holiday for working people and students. When it falls on a Saturday or Sunday, there is always a holiday on the following Monday.<ref>{{cite web|title=Holidays in Nigeria in 2017|url=https://www.timeanddate.com/holidays/nigeria/|website=Time and Date|access-date=1 June 2017}}</ref> | |||
* In Scotland, Boxing Day has been specified as an additional bank holiday since 1974, by ] under the ].<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=46377 |date=18 October 1974 |page=9343|title=BY THE QUEEN - A PROCLAMATION - APPOINTING THURSDAY, 26TH DECEMBER 1974 A BANK HOLIDAY IN SCOTLAND ...}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title=Public and bank holidays | website=mygov.scot | access-date=28 December 2022 | url=https://www.mygov.scot/scotland-bank-holidays}} Lists past and upcoming bank holidays, frequently updated.</ref> | |||
* In Singapore, Boxing Day was a public holiday for working people and students; when it fell on a Saturday or Sunday, there was a holiday on the following Monday. However, Boxing Day is no longer a public holiday.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/HA1998?ProvIds=Sc-#Sc-|title=Holidays Act (Chapter 126)|date=30 December 1999|work=Singapore Statutes Online|access-date=5 November 2021}}</ref> | |||
* In South Africa, 26 December is the ], a public holiday.<ref>{{cite web|title=Public holidays in South Africa|url=https://www.gov.za/about-sa/public-holidays|publisher=South African Government|access-date=26 December 2020}}</ref> | |||
* In Trinidad and Tobago, Boxing Day is a public holiday.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Public Holidays|url=https://www.ttconnect.gov.tt/gortt/portal/ttconnect/!ut/p/a1/jdDBDoIwDAbgp-FKC8tUvHFARUwMGBV2MWjmwCAjY4KPL3ozKNpbm-9P_hQYxMDKtMlFqnNZpsVzZ6NDENpIfYfgOkQH7ci3PKQBmY9JB5I3EM1nHfCotQh2BBH_y-OXcX_mN7yEPbBBtqQ90K_5AgM9lsBEIY-vnyRueSQTAUzxM1dcmTfVnTOtq3pqoIFt25pCSlFw8ySvBn6KZLLWEL9LqK7b-O5faNGs3AdjOzzp/dl5/d5/L0lDU0lKSWdrbUEhIS9JRFJBQUlpQ2dBek15cXchLzRKQ2hEb01kdEJnY2huQVZHRUEhL1o3X0tRMjA1STkzMEc5VTEwMlJRQU43SkkzT0UwLzA!/?WCM_PORTLET=PC_Z7_KQ205I930G9U102RQAN7JI3OE0029275_WCM&WCM_GLOBAL_CONTEXT=http://www2.ttconnect.gov.tt/gortt/wcm/connect/gortt+web+content/ttconnect/non-national/topic/travelandtourism/general+information/public+holidays|access-date=4 March 2021|website=Government of the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago}}</ref> | |||
* In the UK outside Scotland, 26 December (unless it is a Sunday) has been a ] since 1871. When 26 December falls on a Saturday, the associated public holiday is on the following Monday, 28 December. When 26 December falls on a Sunday, the public holiday is the following Tuesday 28 December, with the "substitute day" for Christmas Day being observed on the Monday. The same practice is observed in Canada.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.year-planner-calendar.co.uk/2010-public-holidays.htm|title=Year Planner Calendar; 2010 |publisher=hraconsulting-ltd.co.uk |year=2010 |access-date=22 April 2017}}</ref> | |||
* In the British overseas territory of Bermuda, the costumed ] dancers perform throughout the mid-Atlantic island on Boxing Day, a tradition believed to date back to the 18th century, when slaves were permitted to gather at Christmas.<ref>Johnston-Barnes, Owain. , ] (26 December 2017). Retrieved 27 December 2017.</ref> | |||
* In ], US, Governor ] declared in 1996 that every 26 December is Boxing Day, in response to the efforts of a coalition of British citizens to "transport the English tradition to the United States",<ref>.</ref> but not an employee holiday.<ref>{{cite web|title=Massachusetts Federal and State Holidays 2017|url=https://publicholidays.us/massachusetts/|publisher=Public Holidays Global Pty Ltd|access-date=1 June 2017}}</ref> The holiday is otherwise not widely celebrated in the United States. | |||
== Shopping == | == Shopping == | ||
] in Canada]] | ] in Canada, 2007]] | ||
In |
In the United Kingdom,<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/boxing-day-sales-soar-as-shoppers-flock-to-malls-429935.html |title = Boxing Day sales soar as shoppers flock to malls |author = Terry Kirby |date = 27 December 2006 |access-date =17 December 2009 | location=London |work=The Independent }}</ref> Canada,<ref name="ctv.ca">{{cite web |url=http://www.ctv.ca/CTVNews/CTVNewsAt11/20051226/boxing_day_051226/ |title=Boxing Day expected to rake in $1.8 billion |date=26 December 2005 |access-date=17 December 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101228163816/http://www.ctv.ca/CTVNews/CTVNewsAt11/20051226/boxing_day_051226 |archive-date=28 December 2010 }}</ref> Australia,<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.sbs.com.au/news/article/2014/12/26/boxing-day-sales-top-2bn-retailers | title = Boxing Day sales to top $2bn: retailers | date=26 December 2014|access-date =26 December 2014 | publisher =]}}</ref> New Zealand,<ref>{{cite web | url = http://i.stuff.co.nz/business/75337680/boxing-day-still-big-for-bargain-hunters-despite-prechristmas-retail-sales | title = Boxing Day still big for bargain hunters despite pre-christmas retail sales | date=21 December 2015 |access-date =22 December 2015 | publisher=Stuff}}</ref> and Trinidad and Tobago, Boxing Day is primarily known as a shopping holiday. Boxing Day sales are common, and shops often allow dramatic price reductions. For many merchants, Boxing Day has become the day of the year with the greatest revenue. In the UK, it was estimated in 2009 that up to 12 million shoppers appeared at the sales (a rise of almost 20% compared to 2008, although this was also affected by the fact that the ] was about to revert to 17.5% from 1 January, following the temporary reduction to 15%).<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/8432144.stm |title=Boxing Day sales attract 'record' number of shoppers |work=BBC News |date=28 December 2009 |access-date=26 December 2010}}</ref> | ||
Many retailers open very early (typically 5 am or even earlier) and offer ] deals and ]s to draw people to their stores. It is not uncommon for long queues to form early in the morning of 26 December, hours before the opening of shops holding the big sales, especially at ] |
Many retailers open very early (typically 5 am or even earlier) and offer ] deals and ]s to draw people to their stores. It is not uncommon for long queues to form early in the morning of 26 December, hours before the opening of shops holding the big sales, especially at ] retailers.<ref name="ctv.ca" /> Many stores have a limited quantity of big draw or deeply discounted items.<ref name="toronto.ctv.ca">{{cite web |url=http://toronto.ctv.ca/servlet/an/local/CTVNews/20071213/boxing_day_071213?hub=EdmontonHome |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090827232435/http://toronto.ctv.ca/servlet/an/local/CTVNews/20071213/boxing_day_071213?hub=EdmontonHome |url-status=dead |archive-date=27 August 2009 |title = How to become a Boxing Day shopping pro |date = 25 December 2007 |author = Ashleigh Patterson |access-date =17 December 2009}}</ref> Because of the shoulder-to-shoulder crowds, many choose to stay at home and avoid the hectic shopping experience. Local media often covers the event, mentioning how early the shoppers began queuing up and showing videos of shoppers queuing and later leaving with their purchased items.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://toronto.ctvnews.ca/boxing-day-begins-with-early-rush-of-bargain-hunters-1.268977 |title=Boxing Day begins with early rush of bargain hunters |author=toronto.ctv.ca |date=26 December 2007 |access-date=17 December 2009 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120106173035/http://www.ctv.ca/CTVNews/Canada/20071226/Boxing_Day_071226/ |archive-date=6 January 2012 }}</ref> Many retailers have implemented practices aimed at managing large numbers of shoppers. They may limit entrances, restrict the number of patrons in a store at a time, provide tickets to people at the head of the queue to guarantee them a hot ticket item, or canvass queued-up shoppers to inform them of inventory limitations.<ref name="toronto.ctv.ca" /> | ||
{{Multiple image|direction=vertical|align=right|header=<center>Boxing Day Meets of Hunts<center/>| header_align = center|image1= Keswick Boxing Day hunt 1962.jpg|image2= Boxing Day and Tiverton Foxhounds 26 Dec 2009.jpg|width=275|caption1= Boxing Day Meet of the Blencathra Foxhounds in Keswick, 1962|caption2= Boxing Day Meet of the Tiverton Foxhounds}} | |||
In recent years, retailers have expanded deals to "]." While Boxing Day is 26 December, many retailers will run the sales for several days before or after 26 December, often up to New Year's Eve. Notably, in ], a record number of retailers were holding early promotions due to a weak economy.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ctv.ca/CTVNews/TopStories/20081221/Shopping_Deals_081222/ |title = Boxing Day comes early as shoppers search for deals |author = CTV.ca News Staff |date = 21 December 2008 |accessdate =17 December 2009}}</ref> Canada's Boxing Day has often been compared with the American ], the Saturday before Christmas. | |||
In some areas of Canada, particularly in ] and parts of ] |
In some areas of Canada, particularly in ] and parts of ], most retailers are prohibited from opening on Boxing Day, either by provincial law or by municipal ], or by informal agreement among major retailers, to provide a day of relaxation following Christmas Day. In these areas, sales otherwise scheduled for 26 December are moved to the 27th.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.geschenkhexe.ch/media/archive/Boxing-Day-The-Debate-Continues.html|title=Boxing Day, The Debate Continues|author=soonews.ca|date=22 December 2007|access-date=26 December 2009|archive-date=17 May 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140517115539/http://www.geschenkhexe.ch/media/archive/Boxing-Day-The-Debate-Continues.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=26 December 2009|title=Boxing Day madness: shoppers descend on stores looking for deals|url=https://www.cp24.com/boxing-day-madness-shoppers-descend-on-stores-looking-for-deals-1.468130|access-date=8 April 2021|website=CP24|language=en}}</ref> The city council of ], Ontario, which was the largest city in Canada to maintain this restriction as of the early 2010s, formally repealed its store hours bylaw on 9 December 2014.<ref>. '']'', 10 December 2014.</ref> | ||
While Boxing Day is 26 December, many retailers run the sales for several days before or after 26 December, often up to New Year's Eve, branding it as "Boxing Week". Notably, in ], a record number of retailers held early promotions because of the weak economy.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ctv.ca/CTVNews/TopStories/20081221/Shopping_Deals_081222/|title=Boxing Day comes early as shoppers search for deals|date=21 December 2008|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120106141332/http://www.ctv.ca/CTVNews/TopStories/20081221/Shopping_Deals_081222/|archive-date=6 January 2012|access-date=17 December 2009}}</ref> In 2009, many retailers with both online and ] stores launched their online sales on Christmas Eve and their High Street sales on Boxing Day.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.geschenkhexe.ch/media/archive/IMRG-Press-Release-120m-to-be-spent-Online-on-Christmas-Day-2009.html|title=Many retailers' sales to start on Christmas Eve|author=IMRG|date=22 December 2009|access-date=22 December 2009|archive-date=17 May 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140517120205/http://www.geschenkhexe.ch/media/archive/IMRG-Press-Release-120m-to-be-spent-Online-on-Christmas-Day-2009.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/topics/christmas/6858609/Boxing-Day-sales-start-on-Christmas-Eve.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/topics/christmas/6858609/Boxing-Day-sales-start-on-Christmas-Eve.html |archive-date=10 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|title=Boxing Day sales start on Christmas Eve|work=The Daily Telegraph|date=22 December 2009|access-date=22 December 2009|location=London}}{{cbignore}}</ref> | |||
In Ireland, since 1902, most shops remain closed on St. Stephen's Day. In 2009, some stores decided to open on this day, breaking a 107-year-old tradition. | |||
=== Comparisons to Black Friday === | |||
In 2009, many retailers with both online and '']'' stores launched their online sales on ] and their High Street sales on Boxing Day.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.imrg.org/8025741F0065E9B8/%28httpPressReleases%29/2947A86A04A12E2180257694003BB487?OpenDocument |title = Many retailers' sales to start on Christmas Eve |date = 22 December 2009 |author = IMRG |accessdate =22 December 2009}}{{dead link|date=December 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/topics/christmas/6858609/Boxing-Day-sales-start-on-Christmas-Eve.html |title = Boxing Day sales start on Christmas Eve |date = 22 December 2009 |author = Telegraph |accessdate =22 December 2009 | location=London | work=The Daily Telegraph}}</ref> | |||
In terms of seasonal or holiday shopping traditions, Boxing Day sales have been compared to the US phenomenon of ] sales{{snds}}Black Friday being the Friday following the American ] holiday in late November. In the late 2000s, when the ] and ]s were near parity, many Canadian retailers began to hold Black Friday promotions in an effort to discourage shoppers from crossing the ] to visit United States stores. This may have been a contributory factor, since 2013, in a relative decline of traditional Canadian Boxing Day sales, when compared to sales on Black Friday.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://financialpost.com/news/retail-marketing/inside-the-shopping-extravaganza-that-black-friday-has-become-in-canada|title=Inside the shopping extravaganza that Black Friday has become in Canada|date=23 November 2016|website=Financial Post|language=en-CA|access-date=7 January 2020|last1=Shaw|first1=Hollie}}</ref> | |||
The traditional Boxing Day sales in the United Kingdom were never as large an event as the Black Friday sales are in the United States. However, many British retailers began to see an opportunity to import the Black Friday tradition into the UK, not to replace Boxing Day sales, but as an addition to their overall seasonal promotions. However, Black Friday and Boxing Day are close enough together that spending on one sale was likely to affect spending on the other. Ultimately, the result was a marked decline in traditional Boxing Day sales in the UK. The change was initially facilitated, although not necessarily by design, by U.S.-owned retailers such as ], and ] (then a subsidiary of US-based ]). This phenomenon was furthered by a general decline in traditional high-street shopping and a growing online marketplace, which is more international by nature. This led, in 2015, to greater November retail sales in the UK than in December for the first time.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/business-46260739|title=Have eight years of Black Friday changed the UK?|last=Jones|first=Lora|date=21 November 2018|work=BBC News|access-date=7 January 2020|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/business/2015/nov/26/what-is-black-friday-biggest-uk-shopping-day|title=What is Black Friday and who's to blame for it?|last=Ruddick|first=Graham|date=26 November 2015|work=The Guardian|access-date=7 January 2020|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077}}</ref> In 2019, a retail analysis firm estimated that there was a 9.8% drop in British store traffic on Boxing Day in comparison to 2018 (the largest year-over-year drop since 2010), citing several factors, such as the weather, the increased prominence of ], uncertainties in the wake of the ], and the growing prominence of Black Friday sales.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/business/2019/dec/26/boxing-day-footfall-dip-blamed-on-poor-weather-and-black-friday|title=Boxing Day sales dip blamed on poor weather and Black Friday|last=Wood|first=Zoe|date=26 December 2019|work=The Guardian|access-date=7 January 2020|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077}}</ref> | |||
Boxing Day sales are not a prominent tradition in the United States, although many retailers often begin after-Christmas sales that day. It is typically the earliest starting day after Christmas for people to return unwanted gifts for exchanges or refunds and to redeem ]s.<ref>{{Cite web|last=McCamish|first=Bethany|date=29 March 2021|title=What Is The Best Shopping Day After Christmas? We've Got The Answer|url=https://www.themoneymanual.com/what-is-the-best-shopping-day-after-christmas/|access-date=27 April 2021|website=The Money Manual|language=en-US}}</ref> | |||
== Sport == | == Sport == | ||
In the ], it is traditional for the ] (] and ]), ] (]) and ] (]), as well as the lower divisions and ] leagues, to hold a full programme of ] and ] matches on Boxing Day. Traditionally, matches on Boxing Day are played against ]. This was originally to avoid teams and their fans having to travel a long distance to an away game on the day after Christmas Day. It also makes the day an important one in the sporting calendar. In Australia, New Zealand and South Africa, much anticipated Test matches are played on Boxing Day. Prior to the formation of leagues, a number of important ] fixtures took place on Boxing Day notably ] v ] and ] v ]. | |||
] at the ], 2006]] | |||
In horse racing, there is the ] at ] in ]. It is the second most prestigious ] in Britain, after the ]. | |||
] | |||
Boxing Day is one of the main days in the hunting calendar for ] in the UK and US, with most hunts (both mounted foxhound or harrier packs and foot packs of beagles or bassets) holding meets, often in town or village centres. | |||
In the United Kingdom, it is traditional for the ]' major ] leagues (including, most prominently, the ], ], and ]) to hold a full programme of fixtures on Boxing Day. Originally, matches on Boxing Day were played against ] so that teams and their fans would not have to travel long distances to away games on the day after Christmas. The 2022 ] Boxing Day fixtures saw the return of domestic top flight football for the ] season, following the six-week break for the ].<ref>{{Cite news |title=How the 2022 World Cup will affect the 2022/23 Premier League season |url=https://talksport.com/football/924633/how-will-2022-world-cup-affect-premier-league-fixtures-schedules-qatar-boxing-day-start-end-date/ |access-date=8 May 2022 |website=talkSPORT |language=en-US}}</ref> | |||
Australia holds the first day of the ] in ] at the ] and the start to the ]. | |||
In Italy, Boxing Day football was played for the first time in the ]. The experiment was successful, with Italian stadiums 69% full on average – more than any other match day in December 2018.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://sporvision.com/2019/italys-boxing-day/ | title=Italy's Boxing Day | publisher=Sporvision.com}}</ref> | |||
Several ] contests are associated with the day. The ] typically begins on 26 December, while the ] also begins on 26 December in ], ]; the Spengler Cup competition includes ], ], and other top European Hockey teams. The ] tends to have close to a full slate of games (11 were played in 2010), following the league-wide days off given for Christmas Eve and Christmas Day.{{Citation needed|date=December 2013}} In some African ] nations, particularly ], ], ], ] and ], prize fighting contests are held on Boxing Day. This practice has also been followed for decades in ] and ].<ref>{{cite web | url = http://online.wsj.com/article/SB126179017496705483.html?mod=WSJ_hpp_RIGHTTopCarousel | title = Season's Beatings: 'Boxing Day' Takes a Pugilistic Turn | accessdate =14 November 2011 | last = Millman | first = Joel | date = 28 December 2009 | work = The Wall Street Journal (Asia Edition)}}</ref> | |||
In ], festive fixtures were a staple of the traditional winter season. Since the transition to a summer season in the 1990s, no formal fixtures are now arranged on Boxing Day but some clubs, such as ], arrange a traditional ] friendly fixture instead. | |||
==List of states and territories celebrating Boxing Day== | |||
{{Unreferenced section|date=December 2013}} | |||
{{col-begin}} | |||
{{col-1-of-3}} | |||
*{{flag|Antigua and Barbuda}} | |||
*{{flag|Australia}} | |||
**{{flag|Christmas Island}} | |||
**{{flag|Cocos (Keeling) Islands}} | |||
**{{flag|Norfolk Island}} | |||
*{{flag|The Bahamas}} | |||
*{{flag|Barbados}} | |||
*{{flag|Belize}} | |||
*{{flag|Botswana}} | |||
*{{flag|Canada}} | |||
*{{flag|China}} <small>(excluding ] and ])</small> | |||
**{{flag|Hong Kong}} | |||
*{{flag|Cook Islands}} | |||
*{{flag|Dominica}} | |||
*{{flag|Estonia}} | |||
*{{flag|Fiji}} | |||
*{{flag|Ghana}} | |||
*{{flag|Grenada}} | |||
*{{flag|Guyana}} | |||
*{{flag|Jamaica}} | |||
*{{flag|Kenya}} | |||
{{col-2-of-3}} | |||
*{{flag|Kingdom of the Netherlands}} <small>(excluding ], the ], and ])</small> | |||
**{{flag|Aruba}} | |||
*{{flag|Kiribati}} | |||
*{{flag|Lesotho}} | |||
*{{flag|Malawi}} | |||
*{{flag|Nauru}} | |||
*{{flag|New Zealand}} | |||
**{{flag|Tokelau}} | |||
*{{flag|Nigeria}} | |||
*{{flag|Niue}} | |||
*{{flag|Papua New Guinea}} | |||
*{{flag|Rwanda}} | |||
*{{flag|Saint Kitts and Nevis}} | |||
*{{flag|Saint Lucia}} | |||
*{{flag|Saint Vincent and the Grenadines}} | |||
*{{flag|Samoa}} | |||
*{{flag|Sierra Leone}} | |||
*{{flag|South Africa}} <small>(celebrated as ''Day of Goodwill'')</small> | |||
*{{flag|Swaziland}} | |||
*{{flag|Tanzania}} | |||
{{col-3-of-3}} | |||
*{{flag|Tonga}} | |||
*{{flag|Trinidad and Tobago}} | |||
*{{flag|Tuvalu}} | |||
*{{flag|Uganda}} | |||
*{{flag|United Kingdom}} | |||
**{{flag|Anguilla}} | |||
**{{flag|Bermuda}} | |||
**{{flag|British Virgin Islands}} | |||
**{{flag|Cayman Islands}} | |||
**{{flag|Falkland Islands}} | |||
**{{flag|Gibraltar}} | |||
**{{flag|Guernsey}} | |||
**{{flag|Isle of Man}} | |||
**{{flag|Jersey}} | |||
**{{flag|Montserrat}} | |||
**{{flag|Pitcairn Islands}} | |||
**{{flag|Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha}} | |||
**{{flag|Turks and Caicos Islands}} | |||
*{{flag|Zimbabwe}} | |||
{{col-end}} | |||
Since 1980, the ] has traditionally opened one of the ] of its summer season ] at the ]. While several test matches had occasionally been held at the MCG around Boxing Day, it was not until 1980 that the concept was formalized by the ].<ref>{{Cite news |date=24 December 2016 |title=The surprisingly short history of the Boxing Day Test |language=en-AU |work=ABC News |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-12-25/boxing-day-test-match-tradition-has-short-history-at-mcg/8135852 |access-date=11 October 2023}}</ref> The ] is also traditionally held on Boxing Day.<ref>{{cite news |date=29 December 2001 |title=Tough legacy of a Sydney classic |work=BBC News |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/other_sports/sailing/1721104.stm |access-date=24 May 2010}}</ref> | |||
== See also == | |||
In horse racing, there is the ] at ] in Surrey, England. It is the second most prestigious ] in Britain, after the ]. In addition to the prestigious race at Kempton, in Britain, it is usually the day with the most racing meetings of the year, with eight in 2016, in addition to three more in Ireland.<ref>{{cite web|title=Racecards – 26th December 2016|work=Racing Post|url=https://www.racingpost.com/results/2016-12-26}}</ref> In Barbados, the final day of horse racing is held on Boxing Day at The Historic Garrison Savannah, a UNESCO world heritage site. This tradition has been going on for decades in this former British colony. | |||
* ] | |||
Boxing Day is one of the main days in the hunting calendar for ] in the UK and US, with most hunts (both mounted foxhound or harrier packs and foot packs of beagles or bassets) holding meets, often in town or village centres.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/earth/countryside/10538429/Hundreds-of-thousands-turn-out-for-Boxing-Day-hunts.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/earth/countryside/10538429/Hundreds-of-thousands-turn-out-for-Boxing-Day-hunts.html |archive-date=10 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |title=Hundreds of thousands turn out for Boxing Day hunts|date=26 December 2013 |work=] |location=London |access-date=21 December 2014}}{{cbignore}}</ref> | |||
Several ] contests are associated with the day. The ] typically begins on 26 December, while the ] also begins on 23 December in ], Switzerland; the Spengler Cup competition includes ], ], and other top European hockey teams. The ] traditionally had close to a full slate of games (10 were played in 2011<ref>{{cite web|title=NHL Hockey Schedule for December 26, 2011|url=http://www.nhl.com/ice/schedulebyday.htm?date=12/26/2011|access-date=27 August 2014}}</ref>), following the league-wide days off given for Christmas Eve and Christmas Day. However, the 2013 collective bargaining agreement (which followed ]) extended the league mandate of Christmas Eve and Christmas Day off to include Boxing Day, except when it falls on a Saturday, in which case the league can choose to make 23 December a league-wide off day instead for that year.<ref name="NHL CBA">{{cite web|title=National Hockey League CBA|url=http://www.nhl.com/nhl/en/v3/ext/CBA2012/NHL_NHLPA_2013_CBA.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://www.nhl.com/nhl/en/v3/ext/CBA2012/NHL_NHLPA_2013_CBA.pdf |archive-date=9 October 2022 |url-status=live |page=101—not digital page 101 but the printed 101 |publisher=] |access-date=27 August 2014}}</ref> In Sweden, the related sport of ] is also associated with the day, with ] games having become an established tradition.<ref>{{cite web |title=Annandagsidrott med traditioner |url=https://www.sydsvenskan.se/2017-12-26/annandagsidrott-med-traditioner |access-date=1 March 2020 |website=Sydsvenskan|date=26 December 2017 }}</ref> | |||
In some African ] nations, particularly Ghana, Uganda, Malawi, Zambia, and Tanzania, ] contests are held on Boxing Day. This practice has also been followed for decades in Guyana and Italy.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB126179017496705483 | title = Season's Beatings: 'Boxing Day' Takes a Pugilistic Turn | access-date =14 November 2011 | last = Millman | first = Joel | date = 28 December 2009 | newspaper = ] |edition=Asia}}</ref> | |||
== Food == | |||
In the UK it is common to eat leftovers from the previous day's ], with turkey often being used in a Boxing Day sandwich or curry.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Slater |first=Nigel |date=26 December 2010 |title=Nigel Slater's Boxing Day turkey sandwich |url=https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2010/dec/26/nigel-slater-turkey-sandwich-recipe |access-date=13 March 2024 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Cloake |first=Felicity |date=23 December 2019 |title=How to make the perfect turkey curry |url=https://www.theguardian.com/food/2019/dec/23/how-make-perfect-turkey-curry-christmas--recipe-felicity-cloake |access-date=13 March 2024 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> | |||
== Boxing Day Tsunami == | |||
The ] occurred on 26 December and thus has been referred to as "the Boxing Day Tsunami".<ref>{{cite AV media| title=Special Report: Boxing Day Tsunami Anniversary| publisher=Sky News|via=YouTube | date=21 December 2014 | url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AUo7TloWISY|type=45{{'}} video}}</ref> | |||
== See also == | |||
* {{Portal inline|Christianity}} | |||
* {{Portal inline|Companies}} | |||
* {{Portal inline|United Kingdom}} | |||
* {{Portal inline|Australia}} | |||
* {{Portal inline|Canada}} | |||
* {{Portal inline|Hong Kong}} | |||
* {{Portal inline|New Zealand}} | |||
* {{Portal inline|South Africa}} | |||
== References == | == References == | ||
{{Reflist}} | |||
'''Notes''' | |||
{{Reflist|33em}} | |||
== |
==External links== | ||
{{Commons category|Boxing Day}} | {{Commons category|Boxing Day}} | ||
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Latest revision as of 19:09, 27 December 2024
Commonwealth nations holiday on 26 December For other uses, see Boxing Day (disambiguation). "Christmas box" redirects here. For the genus of shrubs, see Sarcococca.
Boxing Day | |
---|---|
Boxing Day crowds shopping at Toronto's Eaton Centre | |
Also called | Offering Day |
Observed by | Commonwealth nations |
Type | Bank holiday, public holiday |
Date | 26 December |
Frequency | Annual |
Related to |
|
Boxing Day is a holiday celebrated after Christmas Day, occurring on the second day of Christmastide (26 December). Boxing Day was once a day to donate gifts to those in need, but it has evolved to become a part of Christmas festivities, with many people choosing to shop for deals on Boxing Day. It originated in the United Kingdom and is celebrated in several Commonwealth nations. The attached bank holiday or public holiday may take place on 27 or 28 December if necessary to ensure it falls on a weekday. Boxing Day is also concurrent with the Christian festival Saint Stephen's Day.
In parts of Europe, such as Catalonia, the Czech Republic, Germany, Austria, Hungary, Netherlands, Italy, Poland, Slovakia, Slovenia, Croatia, Denmark, Finland, Romania, Sweden, Belgium, Norway, Latvia and the Republic of Ireland, 26 December is Saint Stephen's Day, which is considered the second day of Christmas.
Etymology
There are competing theories for the origins of the term, none of which is definitive.
The European tradition of giving money and other gifts to those in need, or in service positions, has been dated to the Middle Ages, but the exact origin is unknown; it may refer to the alms box placed in the narthex of Christian churches to collect donations for the poor. The tradition may come from a custom in the late Roman and early Christian era, wherein alms boxes placed in churches were used to collect special offerings tied to the Feast of Saint Stephen, which, in the Western Christian Churches, falls on the same day as Boxing Day, the second day of Christmastide. On this day, it is customary in some localities for the alms boxes to be opened and distributed to the poor.
The Oxford English Dictionary gives the earliest attestation from Britain in 1743, defining it as "the day after Christmas day", and saying "traditionally on this day tradespeople, employees, etc., would receive presents or gratuities (a "Christmas box") from their customers or employers."
The term "Christmas box" dates back to the 17th century, and among other things meant:
A present or gratuity given at Christmas: In Great Britain, usually confined to gratuities given to those who are supposed to have a vague claim upon the donor for services rendered to him as one of the general public by whom they are employed and paid, or as a customer of their legal employer; the undefined theory being that as they have done offices for this person, for which he has not directly paid them, some direct acknowledgement is becoming at Christmas.
In Britain, it was a custom for tradesmen to collect "Christmas boxes" of money or presents on the first weekday after Christmas as thanks for good service throughout the year. This is mentioned in Samuel Pepys' diary entry for 19 December 1663. This custom is linked to an older British tradition in which the servants of the wealthy were allowed the next day to visit their families since they would have had to serve their masters on Christmas Day. The employers would give each servant a box to take home containing gifts, bonuses, and sometimes leftover food. Until the late 20th century, there continued to be a tradition among many in the UK to give a Christmas gift, usually cash, to vendors, although not on Boxing Day, as many would not work on that day.
Date
Saint Stephen's Day, a religious holiday, also falls on 26 December.
In the United Kingdom, Boxing Day could not fall on Sunday 26 December. Instead, Boxing Day would be celebrated on Monday 27 December, with the preceding Sunday called Christmas Sunday. This rule was independent of the rule of bank holidays being taken in lieu. Over time Sunday 26 December increasingly became referred to as Boxing Day.
Unlike the contemporary understanding of Boxing Day itself, the associated bank holiday or public holiday always falls on a weekday. When 25 December falls on a Saturday and 26 December falls on a Sunday, the Christmas Day substitute holiday is observed on Monday 27 December, with the Boxing Day substitute holiday observed on Tuesday 28 December. When Christmas Day is a Sunday, the Boxing Day holiday is still observed on Monday 26 December, with the substitute holiday for Christmas Day observed on Tuesday 27 December.
The Banking and Financial Dealings Act 1971, which regulates UK bank holidays, does not officially name the 26 December bank holiday as Boxing Day, but states that it falls on "26th December, if it be not a Sunday."
Status by country
- In Australia, Boxing Day is a public holiday in all jurisdictions except the state of South Australia, where a public holiday known as Proclamation Day is celebrated on the first weekday after Christmas Day or the Christmas Day holiday. Both the Boxing Day Test cricket match held at the Melbourne Cricket Ground and The Sydney to Hobart Yacht Race begin on Boxing Day.
- In Canada, Boxing Day (French: le Lendemain de Noël) is a federal statutory holiday for employees of federally-regulated industries or workplaces. It's also recognized as a statuatory holiday in the province of Ontario. In New Brunswick, Boxing Day is a holiday listed as a "prescribed day of rest" in the province's Days of Rest Act, but it is not a statutory holiday because it is not classified as a paid public holiday under New Brunswick's Employment Standards Act.
- In Hong Kong, despite the transfer of sovereignty from the UK to China in 1997, Boxing Day is a general holiday as the first weekday after Christmas. Starting in 2024, Boxing Day became a statutory holiday in the territory.
- In Ireland, when the entire island was part of the United Kingdom, the Bank Holidays Act 1871 established the 26 December as a bank holiday. The day is referred to as Saint Stephen's Day in many parts of Ireland, and as Boxing Day in Northern Ireland and County Donegal (particularly East Donegal and Inishowen).
- In New Zealand, Boxing Day is a statutory holiday. On these holidays, people who must work receive 1+1⁄2 times their salaries, and a day in lieu is provided to employees who work.
- In Nigeria, Boxing Day is a public holiday for working people and students. When it falls on a Saturday or Sunday, there is always a holiday on the following Monday.
- In Scotland, Boxing Day has been specified as an additional bank holiday since 1974, by royal proclamation under the Banking and Financial Dealings Act 1971.
- In Singapore, Boxing Day was a public holiday for working people and students; when it fell on a Saturday or Sunday, there was a holiday on the following Monday. However, Boxing Day is no longer a public holiday.
- In South Africa, 26 December is the Day of Goodwill, a public holiday.
- In Trinidad and Tobago, Boxing Day is a public holiday.
- In the UK outside Scotland, 26 December (unless it is a Sunday) has been a bank holiday since 1871. When 26 December falls on a Saturday, the associated public holiday is on the following Monday, 28 December. When 26 December falls on a Sunday, the public holiday is the following Tuesday 28 December, with the "substitute day" for Christmas Day being observed on the Monday. The same practice is observed in Canada.
- In the British overseas territory of Bermuda, the costumed Gombey dancers perform throughout the mid-Atlantic island on Boxing Day, a tradition believed to date back to the 18th century, when slaves were permitted to gather at Christmas.
- In Massachusetts, US, Governor William F. Weld declared in 1996 that every 26 December is Boxing Day, in response to the efforts of a coalition of British citizens to "transport the English tradition to the United States", but not an employee holiday. The holiday is otherwise not widely celebrated in the United States.
Shopping
In the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, and Trinidad and Tobago, Boxing Day is primarily known as a shopping holiday. Boxing Day sales are common, and shops often allow dramatic price reductions. For many merchants, Boxing Day has become the day of the year with the greatest revenue. In the UK, it was estimated in 2009 that up to 12 million shoppers appeared at the sales (a rise of almost 20% compared to 2008, although this was also affected by the fact that the VAT was about to revert to 17.5% from 1 January, following the temporary reduction to 15%).
Many retailers open very early (typically 5 am or even earlier) and offer doorbuster deals and loss leaders to draw people to their stores. It is not uncommon for long queues to form early in the morning of 26 December, hours before the opening of shops holding the big sales, especially at big-box consumer electronics retailers. Many stores have a limited quantity of big draw or deeply discounted items. Because of the shoulder-to-shoulder crowds, many choose to stay at home and avoid the hectic shopping experience. Local media often covers the event, mentioning how early the shoppers began queuing up and showing videos of shoppers queuing and later leaving with their purchased items. Many retailers have implemented practices aimed at managing large numbers of shoppers. They may limit entrances, restrict the number of patrons in a store at a time, provide tickets to people at the head of the queue to guarantee them a hot ticket item, or canvass queued-up shoppers to inform them of inventory limitations.
In some areas of Canada, particularly in Atlantic Canada and parts of Northern Ontario, most retailers are prohibited from opening on Boxing Day, either by provincial law or by municipal bylaw, or by informal agreement among major retailers, to provide a day of relaxation following Christmas Day. In these areas, sales otherwise scheduled for 26 December are moved to the 27th. The city council of Greater Sudbury, Ontario, which was the largest city in Canada to maintain this restriction as of the early 2010s, formally repealed its store hours bylaw on 9 December 2014.
While Boxing Day is 26 December, many retailers run the sales for several days before or after 26 December, often up to New Year's Eve, branding it as "Boxing Week". Notably, in the recession of late 2008, a record number of retailers held early promotions because of the weak economy. In 2009, many retailers with both online and High Street stores launched their online sales on Christmas Eve and their High Street sales on Boxing Day.
Comparisons to Black Friday
In terms of seasonal or holiday shopping traditions, Boxing Day sales have been compared to the US phenomenon of Black Friday sales – Black Friday being the Friday following the American Thanksgiving holiday in late November. In the late 2000s, when the Canadian and United States dollars were near parity, many Canadian retailers began to hold Black Friday promotions in an effort to discourage shoppers from crossing the border to visit United States stores. This may have been a contributory factor, since 2013, in a relative decline of traditional Canadian Boxing Day sales, when compared to sales on Black Friday.
The traditional Boxing Day sales in the United Kingdom were never as large an event as the Black Friday sales are in the United States. However, many British retailers began to see an opportunity to import the Black Friday tradition into the UK, not to replace Boxing Day sales, but as an addition to their overall seasonal promotions. However, Black Friday and Boxing Day are close enough together that spending on one sale was likely to affect spending on the other. Ultimately, the result was a marked decline in traditional Boxing Day sales in the UK. The change was initially facilitated, although not necessarily by design, by U.S.-owned retailers such as Amazon, and Asda (then a subsidiary of US-based Walmart). This phenomenon was furthered by a general decline in traditional high-street shopping and a growing online marketplace, which is more international by nature. This led, in 2015, to greater November retail sales in the UK than in December for the first time. In 2019, a retail analysis firm estimated that there was a 9.8% drop in British store traffic on Boxing Day in comparison to 2018 (the largest year-over-year drop since 2010), citing several factors, such as the weather, the increased prominence of online shopping, uncertainties in the wake of the general election, and the growing prominence of Black Friday sales.
Boxing Day sales are not a prominent tradition in the United States, although many retailers often begin after-Christmas sales that day. It is typically the earliest starting day after Christmas for people to return unwanted gifts for exchanges or refunds and to redeem gift cards.
Sport
In the United Kingdom, it is traditional for the Home Nations' major football leagues (including, most prominently, the Premier League, Scottish Premiership, and NIFL Premiership) to hold a full programme of fixtures on Boxing Day. Originally, matches on Boxing Day were played against local rivals so that teams and their fans would not have to travel long distances to away games on the day after Christmas. The 2022 Premier League Boxing Day fixtures saw the return of domestic top flight football for the 2022–23 Premier League season, following the six-week break for the 2022 FIFA World Cup.
In Italy, Boxing Day football was played for the first time in the 2018–19 Serie A season. The experiment was successful, with Italian stadiums 69% full on average – more than any other match day in December 2018.
In rugby league, festive fixtures were a staple of the traditional winter season. Since the transition to a summer season in the 1990s, no formal fixtures are now arranged on Boxing Day but some clubs, such as Wakefield Trinity, arrange a traditional local derby friendly fixture instead.
Since 1980, the Australian cricket team has traditionally opened one of the test matches of its summer season on Boxing Day at the Melbourne Cricket Ground. While several test matches had occasionally been held at the MCG around Boxing Day, it was not until 1980 that the concept was formalized by the Australian Cricket Board. The Sydney to Hobart Yacht Race is also traditionally held on Boxing Day.
In horse racing, there is the King George VI Chase at Kempton Park Racecourse in Surrey, England. It is the second most prestigious chase in Britain, after the Cheltenham Gold Cup. In addition to the prestigious race at Kempton, in Britain, it is usually the day with the most racing meetings of the year, with eight in 2016, in addition to three more in Ireland. In Barbados, the final day of horse racing is held on Boxing Day at The Historic Garrison Savannah, a UNESCO world heritage site. This tradition has been going on for decades in this former British colony.
Boxing Day is one of the main days in the hunting calendar for hunts in the UK and US, with most hunts (both mounted foxhound or harrier packs and foot packs of beagles or bassets) holding meets, often in town or village centres.
Several ice hockey contests are associated with the day. The IIHF World Junior Championship typically begins on 26 December, while the Spengler Cup also begins on 23 December in Davos, Switzerland; the Spengler Cup competition includes HC Davos, Team Canada, and other top European hockey teams. The National Hockey League traditionally had close to a full slate of games (10 were played in 2011), following the league-wide days off given for Christmas Eve and Christmas Day. However, the 2013 collective bargaining agreement (which followed a lock-out) extended the league mandate of Christmas Eve and Christmas Day off to include Boxing Day, except when it falls on a Saturday, in which case the league can choose to make 23 December a league-wide off day instead for that year. In Sweden, the related sport of bandy is also associated with the day, with Saint Stephen's Day bandy games having become an established tradition.
In some African Commonwealth nations, particularly Ghana, Uganda, Malawi, Zambia, and Tanzania, professional boxing contests are held on Boxing Day. This practice has also been followed for decades in Guyana and Italy.
Food
In the UK it is common to eat leftovers from the previous day's Christmas dinner, with turkey often being used in a Boxing Day sandwich or curry.
Boxing Day Tsunami
The 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami occurred on 26 December and thus has been referred to as "the Boxing Day Tsunami".
See also
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References
- ^ Robb, Nancy (1984). Mid-winter festivals: anthology of stories, traditions, and poems. S.E. Clapp. p. 27.
St. Stephen's Day or Boxing Day: Boxing Day, or Offering Day as it is sometimes called, derives its name from the ancient practice of giving boxes of money at the midwinter holiday season to all those who had given good service throughout the year. Boxing Day, December 26, was the day the boxes were opened. Later, it was the day on which the alms boxes, located in the churches on Christmas Day, were opened and the contents given to the poor.
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Yet another legend is that Boxing Day started the tradition of opening the alms boxes placed in churches during the Christmas season. The contents of the alms boxes were then distributed amongst the poor of the parish.
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External links
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- Boxing Day
- Christmastide
- Christmas events and celebrations
- December observances
- Public holidays in Australia
- Public holidays in Canada
- Public holidays in New Zealand
- Public holidays in the United Kingdom
- Public holidays in Denmark
- Public holidays in Sweden
- Public holidays in Norway
- Public holidays in Iceland
- Public holidays in the Netherlands