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⚫ | == Definition == | ||
== Prononuciation of "Keynes" == | |||
⚫ | I made a change to the definition recently from "a macroeconomic school based on K" to "the group of macroeconomic schools based on K". I did this because of the name--Keynesian economics, as in Keynes. Any macroeconomic school of thought based on his stuff should be called "Keynesian" and any macroeconomic school of thought called "Keynesian" should be based on his stuff (unless it's based on another Keynes). Historically, "Keynesian economics" has referred to a specific set of theories, but if someone took Keynes' work and offered a different spin on it, it would still be "Keynesian" as long as it borrowed heavily from his work. Furthermore, there are profound doctrinal differences between various sub-schools of Keynesianism, so it would appear that "Keynesian economics" as it is commonly understood (as a group of macroeconomic ideas based on Keynes as opposed to any group of macroeconomic ideas based on Keynes) is already a group of schools and not one school. ] (]) 24 April 2012 (UTC) | ||
How to pronounce "Keynes"? Here's a .wav file: http://www.yourdictionary.com/ahd/k/k0046600.html | |||
Can someone edit it nicely into the page? I seem to have difficulties with it. (Anonymous 21th June 2006 at 6:10 AM) | |||
== Criticisms == | |||
== What is the 'Free Institute of Economic Research'? == | |||
Why is there no Criticisms section like with the other schools of Economic thought?```` <!-- Template:Unsigned IP --><small class="autosigned">— Preceding ] comment added by ] (]) 22:30, 23 August 2018 (UTC)</small> <!--Autosigned by SineBot--> | |||
: Well, Misplaced Pages guidance says to avoid them. “In most cases separate sections devoted to criticism, controversies, or the like should be avoided in an article because these sections call undue attention to negative viewpoints.” See ]. ] (]) 07:53, 27 August 2018 (UTC) | |||
: The guidance does say they are sometimes appropriate and in many cases necessary. I think that is the case here given that so many economic theories and schools of thought have spawned out of criticisms of Keynesian economics, and given that the other major economic schools have such a section. Having a section for the reaction to an economic school of thought would be a convenient way for people to understand where this school differs from others (especially later ones that were inspired by it). ] (]) 17:18, 29 August 2018 (UTC) | |||
: {{ping|Highest Standards}} Jimmy Wales's words were: “In many cases they are necessary, and in many cases they are not necessary. And I agree with the view expressed by others that often, they are a symptom of bad writing. That is, it isn't that we should not include the criticisms, but that the information should be properly incorporated throughout the article rather than having a troll magnet section of random criticisms.” In the present case I think that is exactly right: criticisms belong in the flow of the article in connection with the aspect they criticse. There is already a section on ‘Other schools of economics’ which to my mind – at almost a sixth of the total length – is excessive. ] (]) 06:47, 31 August 2018 (UTC) | |||
: The Chicago school of economics theory, and the Austrian_School theory, both have Criticism section - As do all other economic though schools I can find - with the sole exception being this one. https://en.wikipedia.org/Chicago_school_of_economics I see you postulating logical reasons for the absence of criticism in this section, but the argument is hypothetical at best that the criticism might be bad - or the weird circular argument that it doesn't need a criticisms section because most theories are already critical of it? but appears that this reasoning applies to no other common Economic School of Thought. This is strongly suggestive of a double-standard. <!-- Template:Unsigned IP --><small class="autosigned">— Preceding ] comment added by ] (]) 15:05, 15 October 2018 (UTC)</small> <!--Autosigned by SineBot--> | |||
:: No, that's an ] argument and may only mean that no one has got round to fixing those articles. It's meaningless to point to them unless they are ] quality articles or have been through some other form of high standard review. ]] 17:51, 15 October 2018 (UTC) | |||
::: Now hold on. If the claim that the pages devoted to other schools of thought have criticism sections is true, and it certainly looks to be, then not only is this page in violation of consistency across the topic, it is also in violation of ] as well. Keynesian economics has both critics and supporters like every other economic school of thought or theory, yet not only is it 'not' required to have sections devoted to either, all of the other pages on other economic theories or schools are incorrect in doing so? Furthermore, even if it can be argued that pages dedicated to other schools or theories that were developed to address the criticisms Keynesian economics, stating that this page does not need a criticism section because those other pages exist is patently false. At the least it requires a section of links to said pages.] (]) 03:25, 25 February 2021 (UTC) | |||
:::: I think the Misplaced Pages policy is not that theories should be presented without mention of the criticisms which have been made of them, but rather that the criticisms should be integrated with the text. If this is done then there’s no question of inconsistency except in layout (which surely isn’t critical, and in which it is best to follow the Misplaced Pages guidelines). There certainly ''are'' criticisms integral to the text; e.g. the article quotes Hazlitt’s comments on Keynes’s ‘Pickwickian’ use of the term ''investment''. Further criticisms are mentioned in the longer article on the General Theory, e.g. Knight’s comments on Keynes’s liquidity preference theory. You may think that other powerful criticisms have been missed, in which case you can provide details. But I don’t see what would be gained by collecting the criticisms into a single section and putting it at the end of the article. ] (]) 08:18, 25 February 2021 (UTC) | |||
There not being a Criticism section in this article sticks out like a sore thumb and is a disservice to the article and Misplaced Pages. Those here arguing that Criticism sections are uncyclopedic or somehow not welcome on Misplaced Pages are delusional. ] (]) 05:03, 7 August 2021 (UTC) | |||
== spending and investment == | |||
"If the government increases its spending, then the citizens are encouraged to spend more because more money is in circulation. People will start to invest more, and the economy will climb back up to normal." | |||
that is not even a crude simplification ... it's somewhat wrong | |||
private spending = consumption | |||
private saving = investemt | |||
⚫ | == Definition == | ||
== Macroeconomics == | |||
⚫ | I made a change to the definition recently from "a macroeconomic school based on K" to "the group of macroeconomic schools based on K". I did this because of the name--Keynesian economics, as in Keynes. Any macroeconomic school of thought based on his stuff should be called "Keynesian" and any macroeconomic school of thought called "Keynesian" should be based on his stuff (unless it's based on another Keynes). Historically, "Keynesian economics" has referred to a specific set of theories, but if someone took Keynes' work and offered a different spin on it, it would still be "Keynesian" as long as it borrowed heavily from his work. Furthermore, there are profound doctrinal differences between various sub-schools of Keynesianism, so it would appear that "Keynesian economics" as it is commonly understood (as a group of macroeconomic ideas based on Keynes as opposed to any group of macroeconomic ideas based on Keynes) is already a group of schools and not one school. ] (]) 24 April 2012 | ||
A sentence had been added asserting that macroeconomics was about ‘what has been done to have a huge multiplier effect’. Although this sentence was added in good faith (and the author should be thanked for it), I’ve reverted it, thinking it rather rhetorical and not believing the implication that in order to discuss macroeconomics you have to discuss the multiplier. Other views would be welcome. ] (]) 07:44, 22 March 2019 (UTC) | |||
== Undid revision 532035545 by 130.126.241.243 == | |||
== Lede section == | |||
No reason was given for adding the request for citation. I believe that such a request needs to be discussed in "Talk." Citation doesn't seem possible to me. | |||
If someone does feel the need and is able to add a citation to content "The bidding up of house prices due to the abundance of credit prior to the Global Financial Crisis add credibility to the Austrian perspective, but does not form part of the mainstream thought." at the end of section "Austrian School," by all means please go ahead and do so. '''<span style="background:Orange;font-family:Helvetica Bold;color:Blue;">] (])</span>''' 23:52, 8 January 2013 (UTC) | |||
== Revision 585418614 == | |||
Doesn't the revision https://en.wikipedia.org/search/?title=Keynesian_economics&diff=585418614&oldid=585418472 merit some discussion, first? It seems somewhat arbitrary to me -- what makes Hazlitt "not notable?" He's a relatively well-known figure among us students of economics. '''<span style="background:Orange;font-family:Helvetica Bold;color:Blue;">] (])</span>''' 04:18, 12 December 2013 (UTC) | |||
The lede paragraph should define the topic, not just talk about it. In particular the lede sentence should consider the hover-over pop-up that people in other articles will see (-- largly because most people hate clicking on all those poorly considered lazy-link rabbit holes). Example: | |||
: Hazlitt is not in any history of economic thought textbook that I know of. He is a journalist, and only relatively well-known among adherents of Austrian economists. I'll be happy to see any critiques sourced to a standard textbook of macroeconomics or economic history. ] (]) 07:40, 12 December 2013 (UTC) | |||
"...how in the short run – and especially during recessions – economic output is strongly influenced by aggregate demand (total spending in the economy). In the Keynesian view, aggregate demand does not necessarily equal the productive capacity of the economy; instead, it is influenced by a host of factors and sometimes behaves erratically, affecting production, employment, and inflation." | |||
Isn't that kinda like asserting that they believe the sky is blue? To think otherwise presumes the reader is pre-educated in this topic and is aware of certain (technical) assumptions or arguments. (Truisms are not explanations.) | |||
:: Does the fact that he wrote one ) that sold over a million copies count? '''<span style="background:Orange;font-family:Helvetica Bold;color:Blue;">] (])</span>''' 03:06, 14 December 2013 (UTC) | |||
Also the first several paragraphs have too much history, considering the topic still remains an undefined shadowy concept...(as if the author wants to make a future point more than to explain the concept). See: ]. Needs organization/focus. Thanks! <BR> --] (]) 21:25, 27 March 2020 (UTC) Just Saying | |||
::: If it's Austrian School, it's still fringe and contradicted by reliable sources. ] (]) 04:35, 14 December 2013 (UTC) | |||
: People might find it helpful if you indicated which history paragraphs were ‘too much’. As for ‘isn’t that like saying the sky is blue?’ I think the answer is ‘no’. Keynesians think it’s as simple as calling the sky blue when their opponents call it green, and their opponents think exactly the same. My understanding (without being very familiar with his works) is that Walras wrote thousands of pages without once doubting that aggregate demand was identically equal to total output. It’s not that he had elaborate proofs – if you look at his proofs, the identity of demand with output turns out to be a premise. But I’m no expert. ] (]) 09:45, 29 March 2020 (UTC) | |||
:::: I might say that if it's Keynesian, it's fringe and contradicted by reliable sources, but that would be my opinion and, since I am not a "notable economist," everyone else would be justified in considering such a claim laughable. | |||
== Federal reserve/central bank == | |||
:::: My reply to Lawrencekhoo (and to which I'd like to hear others' replies, since I am not willing to accept only Lawrencekhoo's judgment) remains: , does the fact the Hazlitt wrote a textbook that has sold over a million copies count? I would consider Paul Samuelson to be a "noted economist -- despite being a Keynesian <grin> on that basis, so I would hope the same principle would apply to Hazlitt, a student of the Austrian School. '''<span style="background:Orange;font-family:Helvetica Bold;color:Blue;">] (])</span>''' 03:48, 17 December 2013 (UTC) | |||
::::: Samuelson was a Nobel laureate in economics. Hazlitt was a journalist and pundit, but not a scholar or a theoretician. ]] 04:43, 17 December 2013 (UTC) | |||
::::: Are there any peer-reviewed secondary sources which take any of the Austrian School principles seriously, or have been able to confirm them with simulations or empirical studies? Supply-side trickle-down nonsense is thoroughly discredited in the reliable sources, no matter how many people in the armchair libertarian contingent wish it was respectable. ] (]) 04:54, 17 December 2013 (UTC) | |||
There is little to no discussion on the powers of central banks / federal reserve in creating booms and busts and overall economic health. No talk on what it was like before income taxes and the creation of the federal reseve? Ooookay, sure. ] (]) 02:05, 13 January 2022 (UTC) | |||
:::::: Your opinion of supply-side and Austrian (which have a few commonalities but are not the same thing) economics and of the value of peer review of economic philosophy is your opinion and you are welcome to it. It is of no more intrinsic value than that of anyone else. '''<span style="background:Orange;font-family:Helvetica Bold;color:Blue;">] (])</span>''' 01:57, 18 December 2013 (UTC) | |||
:That's mixing apples and orangutans. Do you have any specific suggestions? | |||
::::::: My opinion is based on my study of the peer-reviewed literature, and the value of peer review is part of Misplaced Pages's ] policy ("peer-reviewed publications are usually the most reliable sources"). What is yours based on? Again, are there any peer-reviewed secondary sources which take any of the Austrian School principles seriously, or have been able to confirm them with simulations or empirical studies? ] (]) 05:22, 18 December 2013 (UTC) | |||
:::::::: IMHO, peer-reviews are of some value only when there is not an overwhelming consensus against a reasonable school of thought, as for example the consensus against freeing African-American slaves in pre-Civil war Southern US. Note the word "usually" in the WP policy. Empirical studies and results of simulations are not very useful when considering the work of a school of thought that eschews quantitative approaches and relies instead on reasoning that starts with a particular understanding of human nature and develops on through an expectation of outcomes. You don't accept their approach; fine, you are under no obligation to do so. But you have no authoritative standing to denigrate those of us who do (although you are more than welcome to do so). '''<span style="background:Orange;font-family:Helvetica Bold;color:Blue;">] (])</span>''' 00:46, 20 December 2013 (UTC) | |||
::::::::: Are you saying that it is okay to accept a theory which does not make accurate predictions as long as a group of people are convinced that it follows from first principles? ] (]) 01:37, 22 December 2013 (UTC) | |||
:::::::::: ] is "nonnegotiable and all editors and articles must follow it". It is up to the reader, not the editor, to decide which theories to "accept". Censoring by arbitrarily labeling an opposing idea "fringe" is not NPOV. Otherwise, perhaps you could use "simulations or empirical studies" to explain how Keynesian economics has prevented the global depression we're in now. ] (]) 02:19, 22 December 2013 (UTC) | |||
{{od}} | |||
:::::::::: No, I do not believe that "it is okay to accept a theory which does not make accurate predictions as long as a group of people are convinced that it follows from first principles" if you have a good reason to not accept it. I also do not believe that it is okay to reject a theory just because someone challenges it on what you believe to be inappropriate criteria. '''<span style="background:Orange;font-family:Helvetica Bold;color:Blue;">] (])</span>''' 03:05, 25 December 2013 (UTC) | |||
] is also a pillar policy, and says that peer reviewed sources are more accurate. Again, are there any peer-reviewed secondary sources which take any of the Austrian School principles seriously, or have been able to confirm them with simulations or empirical studies? Also, how do you feel about ? ] (]) 12:43, 22 December 2013 (UTC) | |||
: But WP:V does not say that peer reviewed sources are the only acceptable sources. By the very definition, peer reviewed articles of the ideas of minority schools of thought antithetical to the consensus view are not likely to take the minority views seriously and Austrian school theory minimizes the importance of empirical studies. Milton Friedman, an economist that does emprical work who is one of the most symptathetic to Austrian views, '''is''' taken seriously (isn't he?). '''<span style="background:Orange;font-family:Helvetica Bold;color:Blue;">] (])</span>''' 03:05, 25 December 2013 (UTC) | |||
:: I am not suggesting censoring Austrian school thought as undue weight, only merely pointing out that it does not comport with the peer reviewed literature which ] instructs is to be preferred in the mathematical sciences and historical and prescriptive arts, along with the fact that there are no Austrian School-based simulations which accurately predict historical outcomes from empirical data. ] (]) 03:16, 25 December 2013 (UTC) | |||
::: That there are no Austrian School-based simulations which accurately predict historical outcomes from empirical data is true. But that isn't because Austrian simulations fail to accurately predict historical outcomes but rather because Austrians generally do not accept that empirical data is appropriate as a yardstick for economic philosophy and, thus, there are no Austrian simulations! '''<span style="background:Orange;font-family:Helvetica Bold;color:Blue;">] (])</span>''' 05:06, 1 January 2014 (UTC) | |||
:::: Do you have a source for the statement that Austrians generally do not accept that empirical data is appropriate as a yardstick for economic philosophy? ] (]) 12:48, 1 January 2014 (UTC) | |||
::::: Among others, there's https://en.wikipedia.org/Austrian_school#Empirical_objections. '''<span style="background:Orange;font-family:Helvetica Bold;color:Blue;">] (])</span>''' 04:42, 8 January 2014 (UTC) |
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Definition
I made a change to the definition recently from "a macroeconomic school based on K" to "the group of macroeconomic schools based on K". I did this because of the name--Keynesian economics, as in Keynes. Any macroeconomic school of thought based on his stuff should be called "Keynesian" and any macroeconomic school of thought called "Keynesian" should be based on his stuff (unless it's based on another Keynes). Historically, "Keynesian economics" has referred to a specific set of theories, but if someone took Keynes' work and offered a different spin on it, it would still be "Keynesian" as long as it borrowed heavily from his work. Furthermore, there are profound doctrinal differences between various sub-schools of Keynesianism, so it would appear that "Keynesian economics" as it is commonly understood (as a group of macroeconomic ideas based on Keynes as opposed to any group of macroeconomic ideas based on Keynes) is already a group of schools and not one school. Byelf2007 (talk) 24 April 2012 (UTC)
Criticisms
Why is there no Criticisms section like with the other schools of Economic thought?```` — Preceding unsigned comment added by 173.52.119.87 (talk) 22:30, 23 August 2018 (UTC)
- Well, Misplaced Pages guidance says to avoid them. “In most cases separate sections devoted to criticism, controversies, or the like should be avoided in an article because these sections call undue attention to negative viewpoints.” See Misplaced Pages:Criticism. Colin.champion (talk) 07:53, 27 August 2018 (UTC)
- The guidance does say they are sometimes appropriate and in many cases necessary. I think that is the case here given that so many economic theories and schools of thought have spawned out of criticisms of Keynesian economics, and given that the other major economic schools have such a section. Having a section for the reaction to an economic school of thought would be a convenient way for people to understand where this school differs from others (especially later ones that were inspired by it). Highest Standards (talk) 17:18, 29 August 2018 (UTC)
- @Highest Standards: Jimmy Wales's words were: “In many cases they are necessary, and in many cases they are not necessary. And I agree with the view expressed by others that often, they are a symptom of bad writing. That is, it isn't that we should not include the criticisms, but that the information should be properly incorporated throughout the article rather than having a troll magnet section of random criticisms.” In the present case I think that is exactly right: criticisms belong in the flow of the article in connection with the aspect they criticse. There is already a section on ‘Other schools of economics’ which to my mind – at almost a sixth of the total length – is excessive. Colin.champion (talk) 06:47, 31 August 2018 (UTC)
- The Chicago school of economics theory, and the Austrian_School theory, both have Criticism section - As do all other economic though schools I can find - with the sole exception being this one. https://en.wikipedia.org/Chicago_school_of_economics I see you postulating logical reasons for the absence of criticism in this section, but the argument is hypothetical at best that the criticism might be bad - or the weird circular argument that it doesn't need a criticisms section because most theories are already critical of it? but appears that this reasoning applies to no other common Economic School of Thought. This is strongly suggestive of a double-standard. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 104.5.150.41 (talk) 15:05, 15 October 2018 (UTC)
- No, that's an WP:OTHERSTUFF argument and may only mean that no one has got round to fixing those articles. It's meaningless to point to them unless they are FA quality articles or have been through some other form of high standard review. SpinningSpark 17:51, 15 October 2018 (UTC)
- Now hold on. If the claim that the pages devoted to other schools of thought have criticism sections is true, and it certainly looks to be, then not only is this page in violation of consistency across the topic, it is also in violation of WP:CRITICISM as well. Keynesian economics has both critics and supporters like every other economic school of thought or theory, yet not only is it 'not' required to have sections devoted to either, all of the other pages on other economic theories or schools are incorrect in doing so? Furthermore, even if it can be argued that pages dedicated to other schools or theories that were developed to address the criticisms Keynesian economics, stating that this page does not need a criticism section because those other pages exist is patently false. At the least it requires a section of links to said pages.IeShima (talk) 03:25, 25 February 2021 (UTC)
- I think the Misplaced Pages policy is not that theories should be presented without mention of the criticisms which have been made of them, but rather that the criticisms should be integrated with the text. If this is done then there’s no question of inconsistency except in layout (which surely isn’t critical, and in which it is best to follow the Misplaced Pages guidelines). There certainly are criticisms integral to the text; e.g. the article quotes Hazlitt’s comments on Keynes’s ‘Pickwickian’ use of the term investment. Further criticisms are mentioned in the longer article on the General Theory, e.g. Knight’s comments on Keynes’s liquidity preference theory. You may think that other powerful criticisms have been missed, in which case you can provide details. But I don’t see what would be gained by collecting the criticisms into a single section and putting it at the end of the article. Colin.champion (talk) 08:18, 25 February 2021 (UTC)
- Now hold on. If the claim that the pages devoted to other schools of thought have criticism sections is true, and it certainly looks to be, then not only is this page in violation of consistency across the topic, it is also in violation of WP:CRITICISM as well. Keynesian economics has both critics and supporters like every other economic school of thought or theory, yet not only is it 'not' required to have sections devoted to either, all of the other pages on other economic theories or schools are incorrect in doing so? Furthermore, even if it can be argued that pages dedicated to other schools or theories that were developed to address the criticisms Keynesian economics, stating that this page does not need a criticism section because those other pages exist is patently false. At the least it requires a section of links to said pages.IeShima (talk) 03:25, 25 February 2021 (UTC)
- No, that's an WP:OTHERSTUFF argument and may only mean that no one has got round to fixing those articles. It's meaningless to point to them unless they are FA quality articles or have been through some other form of high standard review. SpinningSpark 17:51, 15 October 2018 (UTC)
There not being a Criticism section in this article sticks out like a sore thumb and is a disservice to the article and Misplaced Pages. Those here arguing that Criticism sections are uncyclopedic or somehow not welcome on Misplaced Pages are delusional. 2804:431:C7CE:2690:F470:6AD5:E8A5:E99D (talk) 05:03, 7 August 2021 (UTC)
Macroeconomics
A sentence had been added asserting that macroeconomics was about ‘what has been done to have a huge multiplier effect’. Although this sentence was added in good faith (and the author should be thanked for it), I’ve reverted it, thinking it rather rhetorical and not believing the implication that in order to discuss macroeconomics you have to discuss the multiplier. Other views would be welcome. Colin.champion (talk) 07:44, 22 March 2019 (UTC)
Lede section
The lede paragraph should define the topic, not just talk about it. In particular the lede sentence should consider the hover-over pop-up that people in other articles will see (-- largly because most people hate clicking on all those poorly considered lazy-link rabbit holes). Example:
"...how in the short run – and especially during recessions – economic output is strongly influenced by aggregate demand (total spending in the economy). In the Keynesian view, aggregate demand does not necessarily equal the productive capacity of the economy; instead, it is influenced by a host of factors and sometimes behaves erratically, affecting production, employment, and inflation."
Isn't that kinda like asserting that they believe the sky is blue? To think otherwise presumes the reader is pre-educated in this topic and is aware of certain (technical) assumptions or arguments. (Truisms are not explanations.)
Also the first several paragraphs have too much history, considering the topic still remains an undefined shadowy concept...(as if the author wants to make a future point more than to explain the concept). See: MOS:LEDE. Needs organization/focus. Thanks!
--2602:306:CFCE:1EE0:F4EA:E853:D620:CEE4 (talk) 21:25, 27 March 2020 (UTC) Just Saying
- People might find it helpful if you indicated which history paragraphs were ‘too much’. As for ‘isn’t that like saying the sky is blue?’ I think the answer is ‘no’. Keynesians think it’s as simple as calling the sky blue when their opponents call it green, and their opponents think exactly the same. My understanding (without being very familiar with his works) is that Walras wrote thousands of pages without once doubting that aggregate demand was identically equal to total output. It’s not that he had elaborate proofs – if you look at his proofs, the identity of demand with output turns out to be a premise. But I’m no expert. Colin.champion (talk) 09:45, 29 March 2020 (UTC)
Federal reserve/central bank
There is little to no discussion on the powers of central banks / federal reserve in creating booms and busts and overall economic health. No talk on what it was like before income taxes and the creation of the federal reseve? Ooookay, sure. 173.172.127.147 (talk) 02:05, 13 January 2022 (UTC)
- That's mixing apples and orangutans. Do you have any specific suggestions?
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