| Revision as of 00:00, 12 January 2014 editLangus-TxT (talk | contribs)Extended confirmed users1,919 edits sorry but no, Wedell is a primary source and not a recognized historian. His conjectures were made without proper information. E.g.: he believed that Jewett wanted to claim the wreckage of the L'Uranie← Previous edit | Latest revision as of 14:13, 4 December 2024 edit undoCitation bot (talk | contribs)Bots5,413,454 edits Added date. | Use this bot. Report bugs. | Suggested by Spinixster | Category:Naturalized citizens of Brazil | #UCB_Category 83/108 | ||
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| {{About|David Jewett, a 19th naval commander|the professor of astronomy|David C. Jewitt}} | {{About|David Jewett, a 19th-century naval commander|the professor of astronomy|David C. Jewitt}} | ||
| {{Infobox person | {{Infobox person | ||
| | honorific_prefix = |
| honorific_prefix = ] | ||
| | name = David Jewett | | name = David Jewett | ||
| | honorific_suffix = | | honorific_suffix = | ||
| | native_name = | | native_name = | ||
| | native_name_lang = American | |||
| | image = David Jewett circa 1825.jpg | | image = David Jewett circa 1825.jpg | ||
| | image_size = 200px | |||
| | alt = | | alt = | ||
| | caption = David Jewett, |
| caption = David Jewett in Brazilian Navy uniform, {{circa|1825}} | ||
| | birth_name = | | birth_name = | ||
| | birth_date = |
| birth_date = {{birth date|1772|06|17}} | ||
| | birth_place = ] (North Parish), ] | | birth_place = ] (]), ] | ||
| | disappeared_date = <!-- {{Disappeared date and age|YYYY|MM|DD|YYYY|MM|DD}} (disappeared date then birth date) --> | | disappeared_date = <!-- {{Disappeared date and age|YYYY|MM|DD|YYYY|MM|DD}} (disappeared date then birth date) --> | ||
| | disappeared_place = | | disappeared_place = | ||
| | disappeared_status = | | disappeared_status = | ||
| | death_date = {{Death date and age|1842|07|26|1772|06|17}}<ref>{{cite book | title=David Jewett; una biografía para la historia de las Malvinas | publisher=Sudamericana-Planeta | author=Da Fonseca Figueira, José Antonio | year=1985 | page=180 | isbn=950-37-0168-6}}</ref> | |||
| | death_date = June 26, 1842 | |||
| | death_place = ] | | death_place = ], Empire of Brazil | ||
| | death_cause = Natural causes | |||
| | body_discovered = | | body_discovered = | ||
| | resting_place = | | resting_place = | ||
| | resting_place_coordinates = <!-- {{Coord|LAT|LONG|type:landmark|display=inline}} --> | | resting_place_coordinates = <!-- {{Coord|LAT|LONG|type:landmark|display=inline}} --> | ||
| | monuments = | | monuments = | ||
| | |
| nationality = Naturalised Brazilian | ||
| | nationality = Naturalised Brazillian | |||
| | other_names = | | other_names = | ||
| | ethnicity = American | |||
| | citizenship = | | citizenship = | ||
| | education = | | education = | ||
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| | employer = | | employer = | ||
| | organization = | | organization = | ||
| ⚫ | | known_for = Commander of the ] in the ] with France. Claiming the ] for the Republic of Buenos Aires in 1820. Service in the Brazilian Navy. | ||
| | agent = | |||
| ⚫ | | known_for = Commander of the ] in the ] with France. Claiming the ] for the Republic of Buenos Aires in 1820. Service in the |
||
| | notable_works = | | notable_works = | ||
| | style = | | style = | ||
| | influences = | |||
| | influenced = | |||
| | home_town = | |||
| | salary = | |||
| | net_worth = <!-- Net worth should be supported with a citation from a reliable source --> | |||
| | height = <!-- {{height|m=}} --> | | height = <!-- {{height|m=}} --> | ||
| | weight = <!-- {{convert|weight in kg|kg|lb}} --> | |||
| | television = | | television = | ||
| | title = | | title = | ||
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| | opponents = | | opponents = | ||
| | boards = | | boards = | ||
| | religion = <!-- Religion should be supported with a citation from a reliable source --> | |||
| | denomination = <!-- Denomination should be supported with a citation from a reliable source --> | |||
| | criminal_charge = <!-- Criminality parameters should be supported with citations from reliable sources --> | | criminal_charge = <!-- Criminality parameters should be supported with citations from reliable sources --> | ||
| | criminal_penalty = | | criminal_penalty = | ||
| | criminal_status = | | criminal_status = | ||
| | spouse = Eliza Lawrence Mactier | | spouse = Eliza Lawrence (Mactier) | ||
| | partner = <!-- unmarried life partner; use ''Name (1950–present)'' --> | | partner = <!-- unmarried life partner; use ''Name (1950–present)'' --> | ||
| | children = | | children = Augustine David Lawrence Jewett | ||
| | parents = | | parents = | ||
| | relatives = | | relatives = | ||
| | callsign = | | callsign = | ||
| | awards = | | awards = | ||
| | signature = |
| signature = | ||
| | signature_alt = | | signature_alt = | ||
| | signature_size = | | signature_size = | ||
| | module |
| module = {{Infobox military person|embed=yes | ||
| | honorific_prefix = | |||
| | module2 = | |||
| | |
| name = David Jewett | ||
| | honorific_suffix = | |||
| | module4 = | |||
| | |
| native_name = | ||
| | allegiance = {{flag|United States of America|1795|name=United States}}<br>{{flag|United Provinces of the Río de la Plata|1816|name=United Provinces}}<br>{{flag|Empire of Brazil}} | |||
| | module6 = | |||
| | branch = {{flagicon image|US Naval Jack 15 stars.svg}} ]<br>{{navy|Argentina}}<br>{{naval|Empire of Brazil}} | |||
| ⚫ | | website |
||
| | serviceyears = | |||
| | footnotes = | |||
| | rank = ] (US)<br>] (Argentina)<br>] (Brazil) | |||
| | box_width = | |||
| | servicenumber = <!--Do not use data from primary sources such as service records.--> | |||
| ⚫ | }} | ||
| | commands = ]<br>''Invincible''<br>]<br>'']'' | |||
| '''David Jewett''' (June 17, 1772 – June 26, 1842) was an American ] who played a notable role in the history of the ] between ] and ]. Accused of piracy by both the USA and Portugal, he commanded the pirate ] '']'' that visited the ] ({{lang-es|Islas Malvinas}}) in 1820, raised the first Argentine flag on the islands, and claimed the islands for the ] (one of the precursor states of Argentina).<ref name="Getting it Right">Getting it right: the real history of the Falklands/Malvinas, by Graham Pascoe and Peter Pepper, 2008, pp. 9-10, http://www.falklandshistory.org/gettingitright.pdf</ref> Argentine authors including ] claim he was ordered to do so by ],<ref> by José María Rosa</ref>; other researchers such as Pascoe and Pepper point out there is no documentary evidence to support this. He did not inform Argentina in his report.<ref name="Jewitt Report">Jewett’s report of 1 February 1821 in Archivo General de la Nación, Buenos Aires, Marina Corsarios 1820-1831, 10-5-1-3.</ref> | |||
| | battles = ]<br>]<br>]<br>]<br>] | |||
| | awards = | |||
| | laterwork = | |||
| | signature = David Jewett's signature 1.png | |||
| ⚫ | | website = <!-- {{URL|example.com}} --> | ||
| | module = | |||
| ⚫ | }}}} | ||
| '''David Jewett''' (June 17, 1772 – July 26, 1842) was an American-born Brazilian naval officer known for his role in the ] between the ] and the ] (the predecessor state of Argentina) over the ]. He was a naval commander in the ] with France and following the end of that conflict he offered his services as a ] in both the United Provinces and the ]. Licensed as a ] by the United Provinces to seize Spanish ships, he was later accused of ] following the seizure of American and Portuguese flagged vessels. Jewett finished his career in the ], serving under ] and died in ] in 1842. | |||
| ==Early life== | ==Early life== | ||
| Jewett was born in ] (North Parish), ] (presently the town of Montville, Connecticut |
Jewett was born in ] (North Parish), in what was then the ] (presently the town of ] in the ]), on 17 June 1772, son of Patience Bulkley and captain David Hibbard Jewett. He studied for a career in law, but after the experience of a sailing trip to Europe he changed his mind. Jewett joined the ] in 1791, at age 19.{{citation needed|date=May 2020}} | ||
| ==Early career== | ==Early career== | ||
| Jewett, with the rank of ], commanded the 18 gun ] ] in the ] with France. Following fitting out, ''Trumbull'' departed ] in March 1800 under his command. Its first mission was to escort the provisions ship ''Charlotte'' from New York to the West Indies, replenishing the American Squadron operating against the French. ''Trumbull'' later joined the American Squadron commanded by ]<ref> |
Jewett, with the rank of ], commanded the 18 gun ] ] in the ] with France. Following fitting out, ''Trumbull'' departed ] in March 1800 under his command. Its first mission was to escort the provisions ship ''Charlotte'' from New York to the West Indies, replenishing the American Squadron operating against the French. ''Trumbull'' later joined the American Squadron commanded by ]<ref>{{cite web | url=http://library.mysticseaport.org/manuscripts/coll/coll018.cfm | title=Silas Talbot Collection (Coll. 18) | date=20 May 2016 | publisher=]}}</ref> in the {{USS|Constitution}}, where the main duties in the area were protection of American shipping and the interception of French ]s and ]. | ||
| Jewett was authorized as commander of the ''Trumbull'' to capture any vessel sailing under the ] of France. On April 24, 1800, it came upon the French schooner ''Peggy'' and captured it. The ''Peggy'' was returned to ] where the local courts ruled her a ] in September 1800. The owners of the ''Peggy'' appealed for her return in the ] case '']''.<ref name="decision">{{cite court|litigants = United States v. Schooner Peggy|vol = 5|reporter = U.S.|opinion = 103|pinpoint = |court = |year = 1801|url=http://supreme.justia.com/us/5/103/case.html}}</ref> | |||
| ⚫ | |||
| ⚫ | On August 3, while off ] in ], ''Trumbull'' captured the French schooner ''Vengeance'', armed with eight or ten guns (not, as is sometimes found, the 38-gun frigate ] that tangled with the ] and was later taken into the Royal Navy).<ref>]</ref> The ship had fled Haiti with 130 people aboard, crew and refugees together, as ] troops took possession of the island. Talbot ordered Jewett home with ''Vengeance'' as a prize, ''Trumbull'' arriving back at ] in late summer. The ''Vengeance'' was later condemned as a national vessel and was returned to France under the treaty soon afterwards concluded with that country.<ref name="Allen2">{{cite book | url=https://archive.org/details/ournavalwarwith02allegoog | title=Our naval war with France | publisher=Houghton Mifflin | author=Allen, Gardner Weld | year=1909 | pages=}}</ref> | ||
| ⚫ | ''Trumbull'' then returned to patrol off ], before later transporting Navy Agent Thomas T. Gantt to ] to relieve Thomas Clarkson. |
||
| ⚫ | ''Trumbull'' then returned to patrol off ], before later transporting Navy Agent Thomas T. Gantt to ] to relieve Thomas Clarkson. Following the end of hostilities with France as a result of the ], ''Trumbull'' returned to the United States in the spring of 1801, was sold later that year and her crew discharged. Jewett left the Navy but rejoined during the ] against Britain, when he acted as a privateer. Jewett had earlier crossed the line between privateer and pirate after taking the Portuguese ship Carlota as a prize.{{citation needed|date=May 2020}} | ||
| ==Service to the United Provinces== | ==Service to the United Provinces== | ||
| On June 22, 1815, Jewett arrived in the port of Buenos Aires, aboard his own ship the ''Invincible''. He offered his services to the newly independent ] (later Argentina), which accepted his proposal and authorized his ] activities against the ]. From 1815 to 1817 the ''Invincible'' made use of the ] issued for her and Jewett, and four ships were captured: the ] ''Tita'', the frigate ''Santander'', the brigantines ''Jupiter'' and ''San Antonio'', all of them deemed lawful ] by the Government of the United Provinces.<ref name="dafonseca">{{cite book | title=David Jewett; una biografía para la historia de las Malvinas | publisher=Sudamericana-Planeta | author=Da Fonseca Figueira, José Antonio | pages=58 | isbn=950-37-0168-6}}</ref> | On June 22, 1815, Jewett arrived in the port of ], aboard his own ship the ''Invincible''. He offered his services to the newly independent ] (later ]), which accepted his proposal and authorized his ] activities against the ]. From 1815 to 1817 the ''Invincible'' made use of the ] issued for her and Jewett, and four ships were captured: the ] ''Tita'', the frigate ''Santander'', the brigantines ''Jupiter'' and ''San Antonio'', all of them deemed lawful ] by the Government of the United Provinces.<ref name="dafonseca">{{cite book | title=David Jewett; una biografía para la historia de las Malvinas | publisher=Sudamericana-Planeta | author=Da Fonseca Figueira, José Antonio | year=1985 | pages=58 | isbn=950-37-0168-6}}</ref> | ||
| In January 1820 he was appointed a ] in the ]. He was given command of the ] '']'', a ship owned by |
In January 1820 he was appointed a ] in the ]. He was given command of the ] '']'', a ship owned by ], acting as a privateer. Jewett's activities were licensed by ] that Lynch obtained from the Buenos Aires Supreme Director ].{{citation needed|date=May 2020}} | ||
| In March 1820 he set out on a voyage marked by misfortune, a ], ] and ] against Portuguese and American ships. Some 80 of his crew of 200 were either sick or dead by the time he arrived on 27 October 1820 at ] (later renamed ] by Argentine settlers, it was the one-time Spanish capital of the ]). At anchor there he found some 50 ] and ] ] ships.{{citation needed|date=May 2020}} | |||
| ⚫ | Captain Jewett chose to rest and recover in the islands seeking assistance from the British explorer ] of the |
||
| ⚫ | Captain Jewett chose to rest and recover in the islands seeking assistance from the British explorer ] of the British ] ''Jane''. Weddell reports only 30 seamen and 40 soldiers out of a crew of 200 fit for duty, and how Jewett slept with pistols over his head following an attempted mutiny for which he had executed 6 members of his crew.<ref name="Weddell">{{cite book | url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_tuIBAAAAYAAJ_2 | title=A Voyage Towards the South Pole | publisher=Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown and Green | last=Weddell | first=James | authorlink=James Weddell | year=1827 | location=London}}</ref> | ||
| ⚫ | ==Declaration of Possession of the Islands== | ||
| On November 1820, Col Jewett raised the flag of the ]<ref name="Weddell"/>{{rp|111}} and claimed possession of the islands. Weddell reports the letter he received from Jewett as:<ref name="Weddell">Weddell, James, , London, Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown and Green, 1827</ref> | |||
| ⚫ | ===Declaration of Possession of the Islands=== | ||
| ⚫ | <blockquote> |
||
| On November 6, 1820, Col Jewett raised the flag of the ]<ref name="Weddell"/>{{rp|111}}<ref>{{cite wikisource |title=Act of Sovereignty delivered to Captain W. B. Orne by Colonel David Jewett, Falkland Islands, 1820 |last=Jewett |first=David |year=1820}}</ref> and claimed possession of the islands. Weddell reports the letter he received from Jewett as: | |||
| Many modern authors report this letter as the declaration issued by Jewett.<ref name="Destefani">Laurio H. Destéfani, ''The Malvinas, the South Georgias and the South Sandwich Islands, the conflict with Britain'', Buenos Aires, 1982</ref> Captain William Orne of the American ] ''General Knox'' seems to have missed Jewett’s possession ceremony, and Jewett gave him a letter informing him of the claim. On returning to his home port, ], ], Captain Orne gave Jewett’s letter to the local paper, the Salem Gazette, which published it on 8 June 1821, and it was reprinted by ] in London on 3 August 1821. If it had not been for the publication of that letter, and an account in a book by James Weddell five years later, the Jewett claim would be unknown today. The Times reprint of the Orne letter was then repeated in a ] paper and was picked up by the Spanish paper Redactor de Cádiz. It was only when the ] report reached Buenos Aires, as a foreign news story, that Jewett’s claim to the Falklands became known in Argentina. It was published in the Buenos Aires Argos on 10 November 1821, over a year after the event.<ref name="falklandshistory.org"/> | |||
| ⚫ | <blockquote>Sir, I have the honour to inform you of the circumstance of my arrival at this port, commissioned by the supreme government of the ] to take possession of these islands in the name of the country to which they naturally appertain. In the performance of this duty, it is my desire to act towards all friendly flags with the most distinguished justice and politeness. A principal object is to prevent the wanton destruction of the sources of supply to those whose necessities compel or invite them to visit the islands, and to aid and assist such as require it to obtain a supply with the least trouble and expense. As your views do not enter into contravention or competition with these orders, and as I think mutual advantage may result from a personal interview, I invite you to pay me a visit on board my ship, where I shall be happy to accommodate you during your pleasure. I would also beg you, so far as comes within your sphere, to communicate this information to other British subjects in this vicinity. I have the honour to be, Sir Your most obedient humble Servant, ''Signed, Jewett, Colonel of the Navy of the United Provinces of South America and commander of the frigate'' ].<ref name="Weddell"/></blockquote> | ||
| Weddell did not believe that Jewett was acting with the interests of the ] in mind, rather that he had merely put into the harbour in order to obtain refreshments for his crew, and that the assumption of possession was chiefly intended for the purpose of securing an exclusive claim to the wreck of the French ship ''Uranie'' that had a few months previously foundered at the entrance of ]. Weddell left the islands on 20 November 1820 noting that Jewett had not completed repairs to the ''Heroína''.<ref name="Weddell"/> | |||
| Many modern authors report this letter as the declaration issued by Jewett.<ref name="Destefani">{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sGAJSfxqd7oC | title=The Malvinas, the South Georgias, and the South Sandwich Islands, the conflict with Britain | publisher=Edipress | author=Destéfani, Laurio Hedelvio | year=1982 | isbn=978-950-01-6904-2}}</ref> Jewett's ship received Weddell's assistance in obtaining anchorage off of ], and, according to Weddell, "In a few days, he took formal possession of these islands for the patriot government of Buenos Ayres, read a declaration under their colours, planted on a port in ruins, and fired a salute of twenty-one guns."<ref name="Weddell"/> Weddell also linked the ceremony to Jewett's claim to the wreck of the ''Uranie'' and comments that it was calculated to make an impression on the masters of ships in the area.<ref name="Cawkell2001">{{cite book|author=Mary Cawkell|title=The History of the Falkland Islands|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YG8VAAAACAAJ|year=2001|publisher=Nelson|isbn=978-0-904614-55-8}}</ref> Weddell stated that some ship-masters were alarmed by Jewett's appearance, fearing being robbed or captured and said that one contemplated an armed response.<ref name="Cawkell2001"/> Weddell was able to convince him Jewett was no danger and after being introduced to Jewett, he overcame his fears.<ref name="Cawkell2001"/> | |||
| Jewett did not mention his declaration in his 13 pages report to the government of Buenos Aires, nor did the government ] the sovereignty claim although 'La Gazeta de Buenos Ayres' was founded by Decree 2 June 1810. | |||
| Based upon Jewett's statements in 1820, some researchers assert that he was ordered to claim the islands by Argentine authorities;<ref>{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i39pAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA186 | title=Historia argentina: Unitarios y federales (1826-1841) | publisher=Editorial Oriente | author=Rosa, Jose Maria | year=1841 | quote=''Durante nueve años no hubo autoridad en las islas, hasta el 27 de octubre de 1820 en que el comandante David Jewett del corsario argentino Heroína, cumpliendo ordenes dadas en marzo por el gobierno de Sarratea, entró en el abandonado Puerto Soledad, tomando posesión en nombre del gobierno de Buenos Aires.'' |accessdate=9 July 2016}}</ref> others assert there is no documentary evidence to support a specific order.<ref name="Cawkell2001"/> Jewett did not mention the claim in his 13-page request for resignation to the government of Buenos Aires,<ref name="Jewitt Report">Jewett’s report of 1 February 1821 in Archivo General de la Nación, Buenos Aires, Marina Corsarios 1820-1831, 10-5-1-3.</ref><ref>{{cite wikisource |title=Report of Col. David Jewett, Commander of the privateer Heroina, to the Supreme Director of Buenos Aires, February 1st, 1821 |last=Jewett |first=David |year=1821}}</ref> nor did the government ] the sovereignty claim in the ]. 1820 was one of the most anarchical years in Argentine history, where there was twenty-four Governments in one year; three in one day.<ref name="Cawkell2001"/> Other factors cited include the roundabout route Jewett took to the islands (he was eight months into the voyage when he arrived)<ref name="Cawkell2001"/> and the fact that the declaration was only reported in Argentina as a foreign news story after being reported in the Salem Gazette in 1821.<ref name="Cawkell2001"/> The article was also reproduced in ] of 3 August 1821. | |||
| ==Piracy of Portuguese and US ships== | |||
| Jewett had earlier crossed the line between ] and ] by taking the ] ship ''Carlota'' as a prize, as Argentina and Portugal were not at war. He would probably have taken the ''Carlota'' to ], but he lost her in a storm. Jewett may have visited the Falkland Islands for other reasons apart from claiming sovereignty over them.{{cn|date=December 2013}} Firstly to repair his vessel which Weddell viewed as barely seaworthy, secondly to prevent his crew from deserting him, thirdly to replenish his supplies and lastly, to seek any Spanish ships that might be anchored there as prizes.{{cn|date=December 2013}} When Jewett found none, he seized the American ] ''Rampart'' as a prize, as it was carrying cargo for Spain. This second act of piracy caused a diplomatic incident as the United Provinces was not at war with the ]. | |||
| ==Brazilian Navy career and later life== | |||
| Jewett wrote a long report to Buenos Aires dated 1 February 1821, describing his voyage but not mentioning any sovereignty claim to the Falklands, and asked to be relieved. He left the islands in April 1821; his successor as captain of the ''Heroína'', the Englishman William Mason, left Port Louis three weeks later, leaving the Falkland Islands uninhabited again. Mason also captured a Portuguese ship, but was caught by the Portuguese in March 1822, convicted of piracy by a ] prize court, and sentenced to imprisonment; the court also accused Jewett of piracy, though he was by then in ], ]. | |||
| Jewett arrived in ] in 1822 in command of the ''Maipu'' of 284-tons and armed with 18 cannons. The ship, originally named ''Vicuña'' when flying under ]an flag had been captured by the Spanish, and subsequently by the ''Heroina''. Jewett acquired her and in 1822 sold her to Emperor ], to serve as the ''Caboclo''. Jewett then offered to join the ] and was appointed commander of the frigate ''União'' on October 6, 1822.<ref>{{cite book |title=David Jewett; una biografía para la historia de las Malvinas | author=Da Fonseca Figueira, José Antonio | page=147}}</ref> | |||
| In 1823, while under the command of ] (the ''Sea Wolf''), Jewett held the rank of “Chefe de Divisão” and fought in the northern provinces of Brazil, then still sympathetic to Portugal.<ref name="Naval Review (London)">{{cite journal | title=One of Cochrane's Captains | author=Naval Society | journal=Naval Review (London) |date=August 1951 | volume=XXXIX | issue=3}}</ref> | |||
| ==Later life== | |||
| Jewett subsequently entered the services of the Brazilian navy, ironically later in his career he found himself fighting against the forces of the ]. Jewett died in ] in 1842. | |||
| Jewett was accused of misconduct, whilst in command of the ship '']'', and sentenced by the Supreme Military Court to 2 years of imprisonment, on May 20, 1824. He was pardoned two months later by the Emperor Pedro I.<ref>{{cite book |title=David Jewett; una biografía para la historia de las Malvinas | author=Da Fonseca Figueira, José Antonio | page=160}}</ref> | |||
| In 1824, Jewett fought in the ], against the rebel forces of Manuel de Carvalho Pais de Andrade. Cochrane's forces, including Jewett, took an active role in the restoration of public order.{{citation needed|date=May 2020}} | |||
| When the ] began in the early 1826, it was announced on April 10 that Jewett was to replace the second in command of the Imperial Navy of the Rio de la Plata, Rear Admiral Diego de Brito. However, two days later he asked for a medical licence, and the appointment never took effect.{{citation needed|date=May 2020}} | |||
| Whilst on a trip to New York on Brazilian navy matters in 1826, Jewett married Eliza Lawrence Mactier, daughter of NYC Alderman Augustine H. Lawrence. They had a son, Augustine David Lawrence Jewett.<ref>{{cite news | title=Wedding announcement | work=The New-York Mirror, and Ladies' Literary Gazette | date=9 December 1826 | location=New York}}</ref><ref>{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FNPoVchaehwC&pg=PA92 | title=Their Gilded Cage: The Jekyll Island Club Members | publisher=Henchard Press, Ltd. | author=Hutto, Richard Jay | year=2005 | isbn=9780977091225}}</ref> | |||
| Jewett had recurring health issues in his last years of service, and was on a medical licence from 1828 to 1830, and for two years in 1834-1835. His last mission was carried out in 1836. He was awarded the Imperial ] for service in the Imperial Navy of Brazil.<ref>{{cite book | title=David Jewett; una biografía para la historia de las Malvinas | author=Da Fonseca Figueira, José Antonio | page=179}}</ref> | |||
| Jewett died 26 July 1842 in ]. He was interred the day after in the São Francisco de Paula church; his wife Eliza died a few months later. In 1850 his remains were relocated to the new cemetery of the ], in ].{{citation needed|date=May 2020}} | |||
| ==References== | ==References== | ||
| Line 123: | Line 130: | ||
| <references/> | <references/> | ||
| == |
==Bibliography== | ||
| *Child, Jack. ''Geopolitics and Conflict in South America: Quarrels Among Neighbors''. New York; Praeger, 1985, pp. 112–115. | *Child, Jack. ''Geopolitics and Conflict in South America: Quarrels Among Neighbors''. New York; Praeger, 1985, pp. 112–115. | ||
| Line 129: | Line 136: | ||
| *Strange, Ian J. ''The Falkland Islands''. London: David & Charles Press, 1983, p. 194. | *Strange, Ian J. ''The Falkland Islands''. London: David & Charles Press, 1983, p. 194. | ||
| {{ |
{{Authority control}} | ||
| {{Authority control|VIAF=28365095}} | |||
| {{Persondata | |||
| | NAME = Jewett, David | |||
| | ALTERNATIVE NAMES = | |||
| | SHORT DESCRIPTION = American military officer | |||
| | DATE OF BIRTH = 17 June 1772 | |||
| | PLACE OF BIRTH = ] (North Parish), ] | |||
| | DATE OF DEATH = 26 June 1842 | |||
| | PLACE OF DEATH = ] | |||
| }} | |||
| {{DEFAULTSORT:Jewett, David}} | {{DEFAULTSORT:Jewett, David}} | ||
| ⚫ | ] | ||
| ] | ] | ||
| ] | ] | ||
| ] | ] | ||
| ] | ] | ||
| ] | |||
| ⚫ | ] | ||
| ] | ] | ||
Latest revision as of 14:13, 4 December 2024
This article is about David Jewett, a 19th-century naval commander. For the professor of astronomy, see David C. Jewitt.| AdmiralDavid Jewett | |
|---|---|
 David Jewett in Brazilian Navy uniform, c. 1825 | |
| Born | (1772-06-17)June 17, 1772 New London (North Parish), Connecticut Colony |
| Died | July 26, 1842(1842-07-26) (aged 70) Rio de Janeiro, Empire of Brazil |
| Nationality | Naturalised Brazilian |
| Occupation | Sailor |
| Known for | Commander of the USS Trumbull in the Quasi-War with France. Claiming the Falkland Islands for the Republic of Buenos Aires in 1820. Service in the Brazilian Navy. |
| Spouse | Eliza Lawrence (Mactier) |
| Children | Augustine David Lawrence Jewett |
| Military career | |
| Allegiance |  United States United Provinces Empire of Brazil |
| Service |  United States Navy Argentine Navy Imperial Brazilian Navy |
| Rank | Master Commandant (US) Colonel (Argentina) Admiral (Brazil) |
| Commands | USS Trumbull Invincible Heroína Pedro I |
| Battles / wars | Quasi-War War of 1812 Brazilian War of Independence Cisplatine War Uruguayan Civil War |
| Signature |  |
David Jewett (June 17, 1772 – July 26, 1842) was an American-born Brazilian naval officer known for his role in the sovereignty dispute between the United Kingdom and the United Provinces of the Río de la Plata (the predecessor state of Argentina) over the Falkland Islands. He was a naval commander in the Quasi-War with France and following the end of that conflict he offered his services as a mercenary in both the United Provinces and the Empire of Brazil. Licensed as a privateer by the United Provinces to seize Spanish ships, he was later accused of piracy following the seizure of American and Portuguese flagged vessels. Jewett finished his career in the Imperial Brazilian Navy, serving under Lord Cochrane and died in Rio de Janeiro in 1842.
Early life
Jewett was born in New London (North Parish), in what was then the Connecticut Colony (presently the town of Montville, Connecticut in the United States), on 17 June 1772, son of Patience Bulkley and captain David Hibbard Jewett. He studied for a career in law, but after the experience of a sailing trip to Europe he changed his mind. Jewett joined the United States Navy in 1791, at age 19.
Early career
Jewett, with the rank of Master Commandant, commanded the 18 gun sloop-of-war USS Trumbull in the Quasi-War with France. Following fitting out, Trumbull departed New London, Connecticut in March 1800 under his command. Its first mission was to escort the provisions ship Charlotte from New York to the West Indies, replenishing the American Squadron operating against the French. Trumbull later joined the American Squadron commanded by Silas Talbot in the USS Constitution, where the main duties in the area were protection of American shipping and the interception of French privateers and merchantmen.
Jewett was authorized as commander of the Trumbull to capture any vessel sailing under the flag of France. On April 24, 1800, it came upon the French schooner Peggy and captured it. The Peggy was returned to Connecticut where the local courts ruled her a prize of war in September 1800. The owners of the Peggy appealed for her return in the US Supreme Court case United States v. Schooner Peggy.
On August 3, while off Jérémie in Haiti, Trumbull captured the French schooner Vengeance, armed with eight or ten guns (not, as is sometimes found, the 38-gun frigate Vengeance that tangled with the USS Constellation and was later taken into the Royal Navy). The ship had fled Haiti with 130 people aboard, crew and refugees together, as Toussaint's troops took possession of the island. Talbot ordered Jewett home with Vengeance as a prize, Trumbull arriving back at New London in late summer. The Vengeance was later condemned as a national vessel and was returned to France under the treaty soon afterwards concluded with that country.
Trumbull then returned to patrol off Santo Domingo, before later transporting Navy Agent Thomas T. Gantt to St. Kitts to relieve Thomas Clarkson. Following the end of hostilities with France as a result of the Treaty of Mortefontaine, Trumbull returned to the United States in the spring of 1801, was sold later that year and her crew discharged. Jewett left the Navy but rejoined during the War of 1812 against Britain, when he acted as a privateer. Jewett had earlier crossed the line between privateer and pirate after taking the Portuguese ship Carlota as a prize.
Service to the United Provinces
On June 22, 1815, Jewett arrived in the port of Buenos Aires, aboard his own ship the Invincible. He offered his services to the newly independent United Provinces of the River Plate (later Argentina), which accepted his proposal and authorized his corsair activities against the Spanish. From 1815 to 1817 the Invincible made use of the letter of marque issued for her and Jewett, and four ships were captured: the polacca Tita, the frigate Santander, the brigantines Jupiter and San Antonio, all of them deemed lawful prize by the Government of the United Provinces.
In January 1820 he was appointed a Colonel in the Argentine Navy. He was given command of the frigate Heroína, a ship owned by Patrick Lynch, acting as a privateer. Jewett's activities were licensed by letter of marque that Lynch obtained from the Buenos Aires Supreme Director José Rondeau.
In March 1820 he set out on a voyage marked by misfortune, a mutiny, scurvy and piracy against Portuguese and American ships. Some 80 of his crew of 200 were either sick or dead by the time he arrived on 27 October 1820 at Puerto Soledad (later renamed Puerto Luis by Argentine settlers, it was the one-time Spanish capital of the Falkland Islands). At anchor there he found some 50 British and US sealing ships.
Captain Jewett chose to rest and recover in the islands seeking assistance from the British explorer James Weddell of the British brig Jane. Weddell reports only 30 seamen and 40 soldiers out of a crew of 200 fit for duty, and how Jewett slept with pistols over his head following an attempted mutiny for which he had executed 6 members of his crew.
Declaration of Possession of the Islands
On November 6, 1820, Col Jewett raised the flag of the United Provinces of the River Plate and claimed possession of the islands. Weddell reports the letter he received from Jewett as:
Sir, I have the honour to inform you of the circumstance of my arrival at this port, commissioned by the supreme government of the United Provinces of South America to take possession of these islands in the name of the country to which they naturally appertain. In the performance of this duty, it is my desire to act towards all friendly flags with the most distinguished justice and politeness. A principal object is to prevent the wanton destruction of the sources of supply to those whose necessities compel or invite them to visit the islands, and to aid and assist such as require it to obtain a supply with the least trouble and expense. As your views do not enter into contravention or competition with these orders, and as I think mutual advantage may result from a personal interview, I invite you to pay me a visit on board my ship, where I shall be happy to accommodate you during your pleasure. I would also beg you, so far as comes within your sphere, to communicate this information to other British subjects in this vicinity. I have the honour to be, Sir Your most obedient humble Servant, Signed, Jewett, Colonel of the Navy of the United Provinces of South America and commander of the frigate Heroína.
Many modern authors report this letter as the declaration issued by Jewett. Jewett's ship received Weddell's assistance in obtaining anchorage off of Port Louis, and, according to Weddell, "In a few days, he took formal possession of these islands for the patriot government of Buenos Ayres, read a declaration under their colours, planted on a port in ruins, and fired a salute of twenty-one guns." Weddell also linked the ceremony to Jewett's claim to the wreck of the Uranie and comments that it was calculated to make an impression on the masters of ships in the area. Weddell stated that some ship-masters were alarmed by Jewett's appearance, fearing being robbed or captured and said that one contemplated an armed response. Weddell was able to convince him Jewett was no danger and after being introduced to Jewett, he overcame his fears.
Based upon Jewett's statements in 1820, some researchers assert that he was ordered to claim the islands by Argentine authorities; others assert there is no documentary evidence to support a specific order. Jewett did not mention the claim in his 13-page request for resignation to the government of Buenos Aires, nor did the government gazette the sovereignty claim in the Gazeta de Buenos Ayres. 1820 was one of the most anarchical years in Argentine history, where there was twenty-four Governments in one year; three in one day. Other factors cited include the roundabout route Jewett took to the islands (he was eight months into the voyage when he arrived) and the fact that the declaration was only reported in Argentina as a foreign news story after being reported in the Salem Gazette in 1821. The article was also reproduced in The Times of 3 August 1821.
Brazilian Navy career and later life
Jewett arrived in Rio de Janeiro in 1822 in command of the Maipu of 284-tons and armed with 18 cannons. The ship, originally named Vicuña when flying under Chilean flag had been captured by the Spanish, and subsequently by the Heroina. Jewett acquired her and in 1822 sold her to Emperor Dom Pedro I, to serve as the Caboclo. Jewett then offered to join the Brazilian Navy and was appointed commander of the frigate União on October 6, 1822.
In 1823, while under the command of Lord Cochrane (the Sea Wolf), Jewett held the rank of “Chefe de Divisão” and fought in the northern provinces of Brazil, then still sympathetic to Portugal.
Jewett was accused of misconduct, whilst in command of the ship Pedro I, and sentenced by the Supreme Military Court to 2 years of imprisonment, on May 20, 1824. He was pardoned two months later by the Emperor Pedro I.
In 1824, Jewett fought in the revolt in Pernambuco, against the rebel forces of Manuel de Carvalho Pais de Andrade. Cochrane's forces, including Jewett, took an active role in the restoration of public order.
When the Cisplatine War began in the early 1826, it was announced on April 10 that Jewett was to replace the second in command of the Imperial Navy of the Rio de la Plata, Rear Admiral Diego de Brito. However, two days later he asked for a medical licence, and the appointment never took effect.
Whilst on a trip to New York on Brazilian navy matters in 1826, Jewett married Eliza Lawrence Mactier, daughter of NYC Alderman Augustine H. Lawrence. They had a son, Augustine David Lawrence Jewett.
Jewett had recurring health issues in his last years of service, and was on a medical licence from 1828 to 1830, and for two years in 1834-1835. His last mission was carried out in 1836. He was awarded the Imperial Order of the Southern Cross for service in the Imperial Navy of Brazil.
Jewett died 26 July 1842 in Rio de Janeiro. He was interred the day after in the São Francisco de Paula church; his wife Eliza died a few months later. In 1850 his remains were relocated to the new cemetery of the Order of the Minims, in Catumbí.
References
- Da Fonseca Figueira, José Antonio (1985). David Jewett; una biografía para la historia de las Malvinas. Sudamericana-Planeta. p. 180. ISBN 950-37-0168-6.
- "Silas Talbot Collection (Coll. 18)". Mystic Seaport. 20 May 2016.
- United States v. Schooner Peggy, 5 U.S. 103 (1801).
- DANFS
- Allen, Gardner Weld (1909). Our naval war with France. Houghton Mifflin. pp. 190.
- Da Fonseca Figueira, José Antonio (1985). David Jewett; una biografía para la historia de las Malvinas. Sudamericana-Planeta. p. 58. ISBN 950-37-0168-6.
- ^ Weddell, James (1827). A Voyage Towards the South Pole. London: Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown and Green.
- Jewett, David (1820). Act of Sovereignty delivered to Captain W. B. Orne by Colonel David Jewett, Falkland Islands, 1820 – via Wikisource.
- Destéfani, Laurio Hedelvio (1982). The Malvinas, the South Georgias, and the South Sandwich Islands, the conflict with Britain. Edipress. ISBN 978-950-01-6904-2.
- ^ Mary Cawkell (2001). The History of the Falkland Islands. Nelson. ISBN 978-0-904614-55-8.
- Rosa, Jose Maria (1841). Historia argentina: Unitarios y federales (1826-1841). Editorial Oriente. Retrieved 9 July 2016.
Durante nueve años no hubo autoridad en las islas, hasta el 27 de octubre de 1820 en que el comandante David Jewett del corsario argentino Heroína, cumpliendo ordenes dadas en marzo por el gobierno de Sarratea, entró en el abandonado Puerto Soledad, tomando posesión en nombre del gobierno de Buenos Aires.
- Jewett’s report of 1 February 1821 in Archivo General de la Nación, Buenos Aires, Marina Corsarios 1820-1831, 10-5-1-3.
- Jewett, David (1821). Report of Col. David Jewett, Commander of the privateer Heroina, to the Supreme Director of Buenos Aires, February 1st, 1821 – via Wikisource.
- Da Fonseca Figueira, José Antonio. David Jewett; una biografía para la historia de las Malvinas. p. 147.
- Naval Society (August 1951). "One of Cochrane's Captains". Naval Review (London). XXXIX (3).
- Da Fonseca Figueira, José Antonio. David Jewett; una biografía para la historia de las Malvinas. p. 160.
- "Wedding announcement". The New-York Mirror, and Ladies' Literary Gazette. New York. 9 December 1826.
- Hutto, Richard Jay (2005). Their Gilded Cage: The Jekyll Island Club Members. Henchard Press, Ltd. ISBN 9780977091225.
- Da Fonseca Figueira, José Antonio. David Jewett; una biografía para la historia de las Malvinas. p. 179.
Bibliography
- Child, Jack. Geopolitics and Conflict in South America: Quarrels Among Neighbors. New York; Praeger, 1985, pp. 112–115.
- Gough, Barry. The Falkland Islands/Malvinas: The Contest for Empire in the South Atlantic. London: Athlone Press, 1992, pp. 55–59.
- Strange, Ian J. The Falkland Islands. London: David & Charles Press, 1983, p. 194.