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{{short description|Indian reed musical instrument}} |
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{{for|the films|Shehnai (1947 film)|Shehnai (1964 film)}} |
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{{For|the films|Shehnai (1947 film){{!}}''Shehnai'' (1947 film)|Shehnai (1964 film){{!}}''Shehnai'' (1964 film)}} |
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{{Infobox Instrument |
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{{Infobox instrument |
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|name=Shehnai |
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| name = Shehnai |
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|names= Shahnai, Shenai, Sanai |
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| names = Sharnai, Saanai, Sahnai, Sanai, Serunai, Shahnai, Shanai, Shenai, Shenoy, Sahnai, Babol Basi |
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|image=Shehnai.jpg |
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| image = Shehnai.jpg |
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|classification= |
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| classification = *] |
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*] |
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|range= |
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| related = *] |
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|midi=111/112 (Shanai) |
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*sundari/Mukhaveene |
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|related= |
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The '''shehnai''', ''' shahnai''', '''shenai''' or '''mangal vadya''' ({{lang-bn|শানাই}}, {{lang-fa|شهنای, Shahnāi}}), is a ] ], common in ], ], ] and ], made out of wood, with a metal flare bell at the end.<ref> ].</ref><ref>].</ref><ref>]</ref> Its sound is thought to create and maintain a sense of auspiciousness and sanctity and, as a result, is widely used during ]s, ], and in temples, although it is also played in concerts. Shenai is similar to ]'s ]. |
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The '''''shehnai''''', is a type of ] originating from the ].<ref name=Grove>{{cite encyclopedia |last= Flora |first= Ries|editor-last= Sadie |editor-first=Stanley |title= Śahnāī|encyclopedia= The New Grove Dictionary of Musical Instruments |year=1984 |volume= 3 |pages= 283-284}}</ref> It is made of wood, with a ] at one end and a metal or wooden flared bell at the other end.<ref name=EB>{{Cite encyclopedia|title=Shehnai {{!}} musical instrument | encyclopedia=Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/art/shehnai|access-date=2023-03-10|publisher=www.britannica.com|language=en}}</ref><ref>].</ref><ref>]</ref> It was one of the nine instruments found in the royal court. The shehnai is similar to ]'s ]. |
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==Characteristics== |
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This tubular instrument gradually broadens towards the lower end. It usually has between six and nine holes. It employs one set of ]s, making it a ] ]. By controlling the breath, various tunes can be played on it. |
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== Characteristics == |
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The shehnai has a range of two ]s, from the A below ] to the A one line above the treble clef (A3 to A5 in ]). |
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This tubular instrument gradually broadens towards the lower end. It usually has between six and nine holes. It employs one set of ]s, making it a ] ]. To master the instrument, the ] must employ various and intricate ] and ] techniques.<ref name=EB/> |
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The shehnai has a range of two ]s, from the A below ] to the A one line above the treble clef (A3 to A5 in ]). A shehnai is often but not always made with a body of ] or ] and a flared ] end.<ref>{{cite web|title=shehnai|url=https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/indi/hd_indi.htm|website=metmuseum.org |publisher=Allen Roda|access-date=27 May 2019}}</ref> |
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==Origin of the shehnai== |
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The ancestor of North Indian shehnai is believed to be from Persian Surna (Sur = feast, Nai=]= flute). |
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The shehnai is thought to have been developed by improving upon the ] (a woodwind folk instrument used primarily for ]). |
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== Origin of the shehnai == |
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There are varying legends of the shehnai's origin. In one of these, a ] initially banned the playing of the pungi in his court due to its shrill sound. A barber, belonging to a family of musicians, improved on it and created the shehnai. As it was played in the Shah's court and giving due reference to the ''nai'' or barber,<!--What language is this?--> the new instrument was called ''shehnai''. |
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The shehnai is thought to have been developed by improving upon the ]{{citation needed|date=October 2024}} (a woodwind folk instrument used primarily for ]). |
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The counterparts to the shehnai played in ] and Coastal Karnataka are indigenous to the territory. Shehnai players were/are an integral part of Goan/Konkani region and the temples along the western coast and the players are called ''Vajantri'' and were allotted lands for services- rendered to the temples.<ref name=goa>{{cite book|title=Gazetteer of the Union Territory Goa, Daman and Diu: district gazetteer, Volume 1|year=1979|publisher=Gazetteer Dept., Govt. of the Union Territory of Goa, Daman and Diu}}</ref> |
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In other variants of the legend, the shehnai was |
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*derived from the combination of the Persian words '']'' (king), and '']'' (reed, flute) to give the meaning "the king's flute". |
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*named after a shehnai player called shehinaia, |
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*derived from ''sheh'' (breath) and ''nai'' (flute), or |
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== Music == |
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Another theory of the origin of the shehnai is that the name is a modification of the word "sur-nal". The word nal/nali/nad is used in many Indian languages to mean pipe or reed. The word "sur" means tone or tune—musical note or simply music—and is used as a prefix to the names of many Indian instruments. The "sur-nal" is said to have given its name to the "surna/zurna" which is the name by which the reed-pipe is known throughout the Middle East and eastern Europe. Shehnai is usually played at traditional North Indian weddings and is associated with the bride leaving her parental house for her husband's house.<ref></ref> Sometimes, two shehnais can be tied together, making it a double shawm similar to the ancient Greek ].<ref></ref> |
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It takes a lot of effort to play these instruments. The performance of the instrumentalist is essential, especially for the long and fast-paced song.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-07-12 |title=Bismillah Khan {{!}} Biography, Music, & Facts {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Bismillah-Khan |access-date=2024-08-07 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref> In the Kannada film '']'' this instrument was used widely. |
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==Gallery== |
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Whereas the counterparts played in West Indian and Coastal Karnatka are indigenous to the territory. Shenai players were/are an integral part of Goan/Konkani and temples along the western coast and the players are called as ''Vajantri'' and they were alloted lands for services rendered for the temples.<ref name=goa>{{cite book|title=Gazetteer of the Union Territory Goa, Daman and Diu: district gazetteer, Volume 1|year=1979|publisher=Gazetteer Dept., Govt. of the Union Territory of Goa, Daman and Diu,}}</ref> |
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<gallery> |
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File:Sahane.jpg|The Nepalese version, called the ''sahane'', has a curve and is played in the ]. |
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File:A tribal shehnai player.jpg|A shehnai player. |
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</gallery> |
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== Notable Indian shehnai players == |
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==Shehnai Players of India== |
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*] |
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{{unreferenced section|date=January 2014}} |
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*] |
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Some exponents of the shehnai are: |
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* ], who was a well-known Shehnai Player (1916–2006), founder Of Shehnai Instrument in Indian Classical Music Platform to the world. |
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*] |
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* ] |
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* ], well known Shehnai player of South India, disciple Of Ustad Bismillah Khan |
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* ] (1913–1999) |
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* ] |
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* ] legendry flute player also |
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* ], Shehnai player from Meerut, Uttar Pradesh |
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* Shri ], young Shehnai player of India, Disciple of ] |
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== Other Related Wind Instruments == |
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==Shehnai in India== |
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*], a shawm similar to the shehnai |
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Shehnai is played by Hindus and Muslims in india, in north karnataka |
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==See also== |
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] genre, are ] which accompany the Shehnai. ].]] |
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*], a brand of woodwind instrument. |
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*], a brand of reed instrument. |
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*], a shawm similar to the shanai. |
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*], a similar South Indian instrument |
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*], a similar South Indian instrument |
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*], a type of woodwind instrument |
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*], a type of reed instrument |
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==Notes== |
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== Notes == |
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{{Reflist}} |
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{{Reflist}} |
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==References== |
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== References == |
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* {{cite book |title=Music contexts: a concise dictionary of Hindustani Music|last=Ranade |first=Ashok Damodar|authorlink= |coauthors= |year=2006|publisher=Bibliophile South Asia|isbn=81-85002-63-0|page= |url=http://books.google.co.in/books?id=cFwbGi3oBHgC&pg=PA307&dq=Shehnai&cd=2#v=onepage&q=Shehnai&f=false |ref=Ra }} |
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* {{cite book |title=Music contexts: a concise dictionary of Hindustani Music|last=Ranade |first=Ashok Damodar|year=2006|publisher=Bibliophile South Asia|isbn=81-85002-63-0|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cFwbGi3oBHgC&q=Shehnai&pg=PA307 |ref=Ra }} |
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* {{cite book |title=Students' Britannica India|last=Hoiberg|first=Dale|authorlink= |coauthors=Indu Ramchandani|year=2000|publisher=Popular Prakashan|isbn= |page= |url=http://books.google.co.in/books?id=DPP7O3nb3g0C&pg=PA1&dq=Shehnai&cd=3#v=onepage&q=Shehnai&f=false |ref=Ho }} |
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* {{cite book |title=Students' Britannica India|last=Hoiberg|first=Dale|author2=Indu Ramchandani |year=2000|publisher=Popular Prakashan|isbn= 9780852297605|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DPP7O3nb3g0C&q=Shehnai&pg=PA1 |ref=Ho }} |
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* https://en.wikipedia.org/Category:Shehnai_players |
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* http://www.indimaza.com/watch/s2kk4gXZFxo/rock-star-the-dichotomy-of-fame-by-shehnai-maestro-pt-sballesh-and-guitar-kabuli-music-arrahman.html |
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* http://indianshehnaiartistsrikrishnaballesh.blogspot.in/ |
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* http://www.google.co.in/imgres?start=773&sa=N&biw=1680&bih=874&tbm=isch&tbnid=gfYEodXAtCzluM%3A&imgrefurl=http%3A%2F%2Fkrishnaballesh.wordpress.com%2F2013%2F04%2F29%2Fshehnai-maestro-pandit-s-ballesh%2F&docid=SFZCK2hRslvRdM&imgurl=http%3A%2F%2Fkrishnaballesh.files.wordpress.com%2F2013%2F04%2F17883_546933228680889_553085660_n.jpg&w=912&h=960&ei=A6rSUtDdBoKRrQe4-4HYCQ&zoom=1&ved=0CDIQhBwwDzigBg&iact=rc&dur=321&page=20&ndsp=44 |
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* http://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/music/unique-musical-flavours/article5401006.ece |
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* http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-downtown/annual-literary-symposium-organised/article2377658.ece |
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* https://en.wikipedia.org/The_Prophet:_Destiny._Divinity._Doubt |
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* http://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/music/clear-and-sparkling/article6079.ece |
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* http://www.artists-india.com/instrumentalists/S-Ballesh |
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* http://www.indianstage.in/EventDetails.do?eventId=5566#.UsUagvvVb44 |
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* http://flickrhivemind.net/Tags/ballesh/Interesting |
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* http://timescity.com/chennai/events/ras-barse/123377 |
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* http://shehnaiartistofindiapanditsrisballesh.blogspot.in/2009/08/shehnai-artist-pandit-sballesh.html |
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* http://www.indiankalakar.com/artistdetails.php?artid=273 |
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* http://www.indianartandartists.com/indian-artist/shehnai/shehnai/pandit-s-ballesh/tamil-nadu/chennai/6224.html |
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* http://sballesh.blogspot.in/2010/11/shehnai-by-pandit-s-ballesh-krishna.html |
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* http://pandit-sballesh.blogspot.in/ |
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* http://www.yourepeat.com/g/jaggannath |
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* http://www.yourepeat.com/watch/?v=zJFMxCklgX4 |
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==External links== |
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* |
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* http://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/music/clear-and-sparkling/article6079.ece |
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* http://www.hindu.com/fr/2010/08/13/stories/2010081351240800.htm |
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* http://www.hindu.com/fr/2003/07/25/stories/2003072501380400.htm |
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* http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/fr/2003/07/18/stories/2003071801380200.htm |
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* http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/thscrip/print.pl?file=2003072501380400.htm&date=2003/07/25/&prd=fr& |
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* http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/hindustani-music-festival/article567170.ece |
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* http://archive.is/LuqiL |
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* http://www.studyhills.com/panditsballesh |
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* http://www.arrahman.com/discography_details.aspx?id=5 |
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* http://www.arrahman.com/discography_details.aspx?id=268 |
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* http://www.musicaloud.com/2011/09/30/rockstar-music-review-bollywood-movie-soundtrack |
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* https://en.wikipedia.org/Rockstar_%28soundtrack%29 |
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* "The Dichotomy of Fame" Film "RockStar" https://en.wikipedia.org/Rockstar_%28soundtrack%29 |
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* https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Oh9A0ArPbqk |
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* https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XwRj-bOUQUE |
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* https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s2kk4gXZFxo |
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* http://panditballesh.weebly.com/about.html |
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* http://zoot.mtsindia.in/music-song-The%20Dichotomy%20Of%20Fame%20%28Featuring%20Balesh%20On%20Shehnai%20and%20Kabuli%20On%20Guitars%29-396879 |
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* http://grooveshark.com/#!/profile/Feat+Balesh+On+Shehnai+and+Kabuli+On+Guitars/24309515 |
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* http://www.hungama.com/music/song-the-dichotomy-of-fame-featuring-balesh-on-shehnai-and-kabuli-on-guitars/396879 |
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* https://en.wikipedia.org/Rockstar_%28soundtrack%29 |
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* http://www.saavn.com/p/song/hindi/Rockstar/The_Dichotomy_Of_Fame_/MgEhBVkCT0k |
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* http://www.smashits.com/tsearch/music/song/the-dichotomy-of-fame-featuring-balesh-on-shehnai-kabuli-on-guitars.html |
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* http://www.smashits.com/rockstar/the-dichotomy-of-fame-featuring-balesh-on-shehnai-kabuli-on-guitars/song-223377.html |
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* http://www.last.fm/music/A.R.+Rahman/_/The+Dichotomy+Of+Fame+%28Featuring+Balesh+On+Shehnai,+Kabuli+On+Guitars%29 |
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* http://www.ganeshane.com/artists/1728-feat-balesh-on-shehnai/show#/artists/1728-feat-balesh-on-shehnai/show |
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* https://soundcloud.com/bhavana-sundar/the-dichotomy-of-fame |
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* http://wap.in/download/Rockstar/The-Dichtomy-Of-Fame-Ft-Balesh-On-Shehnai/?type=FT&id=140495 |
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* http://myswar.com/album/raanjhanaa-2013 |
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* http://www.amazon.co.uk/Dichotomy-Featuring-Balesh-Shehnai-Guitars/dp/B008L5214O |
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* http://mymusic.tatadocomo.com/music-song-The%20Dichotomy%20Of%20Fame%20%28Featuring%20Balesh%20On%20Shehnai%20And%20Kabuli%20On%20Guitars%29-396879 |
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{{Double reed}} |
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{{Double reed}} |
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{{Indian musical instruments}} |
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{{Musical instruments of Nepal}} |
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{{Aerophones}} |
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{{Reed aerophones}} |
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{{Authority control}} |
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This tubular instrument gradually broadens towards the lower end. It usually has between six and nine holes. It employs one set of quadruple reeds, making it a quadruple reed woodwind. To master the instrument, the musician must employ various and intricate embouchure and fingering techniques.
It takes a lot of effort to play these instruments. The performance of the instrumentalist is essential, especially for the long and fast-paced song. In the Kannada film Sanaadi Appanna this instrument was used widely.
The Nepalese version, called the sahane, has a curve and is played in the panche baja.
A shehnai player.
