| Revision as of 02:58, 3 March 2014 editDrChrissy (talk | contribs)Extended confirmed users21,946 edits If this can be substantiated, it should be done with much broader headings than the names of 2 scientists who have a vested interest in the subject matter← Previous edit |
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{{Other uses|Talking bird (disambiguation)}} |
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#REDIRECT ] |
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] is a talking African Grey parrot]] |
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]]] |
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'''Talking bird''' - bird, that can talk of the language of humans and have cognitive understanding him. There is controversy about whether parrots are capable of using language, or merely mimic what they hear. However, some scientific studies—for example those conducted over a 30-year period by ] with an African Grey named ] and other parrots, covered in stories on network television on numerous occasions<ref></ref>—have suggested that these parrots are capable of using words meaningfully in linguistic tasks.<ref></ref> |
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==Famous talking birds== |
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All most famous talking birds is ]s. The ]s are particularly noted for their advanced ] abilities and their ability to talk. |
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{{redirect category shell|{{R from other disambiguation}}}} |
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] had a vocabulary of about 100 words, substantially less than world record holders,<ref>{{cite book |last=Pepperberg |first=Irene Maxine |year=2000 |title=The Alex Studies: Cognitive and Communicative Abilities of Grey Parrots |publisher=Harvard University Press |isbn=978-0674000513}}</ref> but he is perhaps the best known talking bird due to the publicity surrounding his potential cognitive abilities. In learning to speak, Alex showed scientist ] that he understood categories like "same and different" and "bigger and smaller". He could identify objects by their shape ("Three-corner", "Four-corner", up to "Six-corner") and material: when shown a ] or a wooden block, he could answer "Wool" or "Wood" correctly, about 80% of the time. Alex could identify the difference between yellow and green same-sized objects by saying "Color" or identify a larger one by naming its color. If asked what the difference was between two identical blue keys, Alex learned to reply, "None" (he pronounced it "Nuh").<ref>{{cite news |last=Smith |first=Dinitia |url=http://www.nytimes.com/1999/10/09/arts/a-thinking-bird-or-just-another-birdbrain.html?showabstract=1 |title=A Thinking Bird or Just Another Birdbrain? |work=The New York Times |date=October 9, 1999}}</ref> <ref>. World Science. July 2, 2005.</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Talbot|first=Margaret Talbot|title=BIRDBRAIN: The woman behind the world’s chattiest parrots.|url=http://www.newyorker.com/reporting/2008/05/12/080512fa_fact_talbot|accessdate=6 December 2013|newspaper=The New Yorker|date=MAY 12, 2008}}</ref> Alex died on September 6, 2007.<ref>{{cite news|last=Carey|first=Benedict|title=Alex, a Parrot Who Had a Way With Words, Dies|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2007/09/10/science/10cnd-parrot.html?_r=0|accessdate=6 December 2013|newspaper=New York Times|date=September 10, 2007}}</ref> |
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"]" is noted for his impressive ] usage skills and other abilities. As of January 2004, he had a documented vocabulary of 950 words. N'kisi is believed to be one of the most advanced users of human language in the animal world.<ref>{{cite news |last=Morelle |first=Rebecca |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/3430481.stm | publisher=BBC News | title=Animal world's communication kings | date=May 1, 2007}}</ref> |
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"Einstein" appeared on many television shows and became famous for her ability to recreate sounds as well as talking. Video clips show her making the sound of a laser beam generator and an evil-sounding laugh. She has been trained by Stephanie White.<ref>. ]. Retrieved May 26, 2013.</ref> |
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== Research== |
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== Criticisms == |
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Some in the scientific community are skeptical of Pepperberg's findings, pointing to Alex's communications as ].<ref name="Chandler"></ref> Critics point to the case of ], a horse who could apparently count, but who was actually understanding subtle cues from the questioner.<ref name="smith">{{ cite news|last=Smith|first=Dinitia|authorlink= |date=October 9, 1999|title=A Thinking Bird or Just Another Birdbrain?|work=]|url=http://www.nytimes.com/1999/10/09/arts/a-thinking-bird-or-just-another-birdbrain.html?showabstract=1 | accessdate=2007-09-11 }}</ref> In another case, ], a chimpanzee was thought to be using language, but there is some debate over whether he simply imitated his teacher.<ref name="smith"/> Dr. Herbert Terrace, who worked with Nim Chimpsky, says he thinks Alex performed by ] rather than using language; he calls Alex's responses "a complex discriminating performance", adding that in every situation, "there is an external stimulus that guides his response."<ref name="smith"/> However,supporters of Alex mention that Alex was able to talk to and perform for anyone involved in the project as well as complete strangers who recorded findings unassisted and during first contact with the bird, making the arguments of rote learning and operant conditioning difficult to substantiate.<ref name="The_Economist_obit">{{cite news |first= |last= |authorlink= |coauthors= |title=Alex the African Grey |url=http://www.economist.com/obituary/displaystory.cfm?story_id=9828615 |quote=Science's best known parrot died on September 6th, aged 31 |work=] |date=September 20, 2007 |accessdate=2009-01-19 | archiveurl= http://web.archive.org/web/20090211012733/http://www.economist.com/obituary/displaystory.cfm?story_id=9828615| archivedate= 11 February 2009 <!--DASHBot-->| deadurl= no}}</ref> |
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== See also == |
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* ] |
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* ] |
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==References== |
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{{Reflist}} |
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{{Animal cognition}} |
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] |
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] |
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