Mashriq: Difference between revisions

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			{{Redirect\|Mashreq\|the bank\|Mashreq (bank)}}
	:''This article is about the Mashriq region. For other uses, see ]''
			{{About\|a geographical region}}
	The '''Mashriq''' (]: مشرق, also transcribed '''Mashreq''', '''Mashrek''' etc.) is the region of ] countries to the east of ] and the ]. This composes the countries of Egypt, ], ], ], and ].<ref></ref><ref></ref><ref></ref> It is derived from the Arabic ] sh-r-q (ش ر ق) relating to the east or the sunrise, and essentially means "]" (most literally or poetically, "place of sunrise").
			{{Short description\|Eastern part of the Arab world}}
			{{pp-pc1}}
			{{Infobox
			\| bodyclass = geography
			\| above = Mashriq<br>{{lang\|ar\|المشرق}}
			\| image = ]
			\| label1 = Countries and territories
			\| data1 = {{plainlist\|
			* {{flagicon\|Bahrain}} ]
			* {{flagicon\|Egypt}} ]
			* {{flagicon\|Iraq}} ]
			* {{flagicon\|Jordan}} ]
			* {{flagicon\|Kuwait}} ]
			* {{flagicon\|Lebanon}} ]
			* {{flagicon\|Oman}} ]
			* {{flagicon\|Palestine}} ]
			* {{flagicon\|Qatar}} ]
			* {{flagicon\|Saudi Arabia}} ]
			* {{flagicon\|Syrian Opposition}} ]
			* {{flagicon\|United Arab Emirates}} ]
			* {{flagicon\|Yemen}} ]
			\| label2 = Major regional organizations
			\| data2 = ], ], ], ], ], ]
			\| label3 = Population
			\| data3 = 275,102,630 (2018)<ref>{{Cite web \|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2119rank.html \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070613004507/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2119rank.html \|url-status=dead \|archive-date=June 13, 2007 \|title=The World Factbook — Central Intelligence Agency \|website=www.cia.gov \|language=en \|access-date=2018-08-06}}</ref>
			\| label4 = Languages
			\| data4 = {{plainlist\|
			*]
			*]
			*]
			*]
			*]
			*]
			*]
			*]
			*]
			}}
			\| label5 = Religion
			\| data15 = Islam, Christianity and Judaism
			\| label6 = Time Zones
			\| data6 =
			}}
			}}

			The '''Mashriq''' ({{IPAc-en\|m\|ə\|ˈ\|ʃ\|r\|iː\|k}}; {{langx\|ar\|ْاَلْمَشْرِق\|al-Mashriq\|lit=the east}}), also known as the '''Arab Mashriq''' ({{langx\|ar\|اَلْمَشْرِقُ الْعَرَبِيُّ\|translit=al-Mashriq al-ʿArabi\|lit=the Arab east}}), sometimes spelled '''Mashreq''' or '''Mashrek''', is a term used by Arabs to refer to the eastern part of the ], as opposed to the ] (western) region, and located in ] and eastern ].<ref>{{cite web \|work=world bank, siteresources \|title=Economic interrogation in the mashriq \|url=http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTMENA/Resources/MashreqStudypub.pdf}}</ref> It is the Arabic equivalent for the term ].<ref name="oxford cdwpn">{{Cite book \|last=Everett-Heath\|first=John \|url=https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780191866326.001.0001/acref-9780191866326-e-10125?rskey=Kbo4yV&result=2 \|title=The Concise Dictionary of World Place-Names \|date=2018 \|publisher=Oxford University Press \|isbn=978-0-19-186632-6 \|edition=4th \|location=Oxford \|oclc=1053905476}}</ref> Poetically the "Place of Sunrise", the name is derived from the verb ''sharaqa'' ({{lang\|ar\|َشَرَق}}, "to shine, illuminate, radiate" and "to rise"), from the sh-r-q root ({{lang\|ar\|ش-ر-ق}}), referring to the east, where the sun rises.<ref name="Shushtarī2009">{{cite book \|last=Alvarez\|first=Lourdes María \|title=Abu Al-Ḥasan Al-Shushtarī \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=atDKUFnFAKMC&pg=PA157 \|year=2009 \|publisher=Paulist Press \|isbn=978-0-8091-0582-3 \|page=157}}</ref><ref>{{cite book \|last1=Peek\|first1=Philip M. \|last2=Yankah\|first2=Kwesi \|title=African Folklore: An Encyclopedia \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SmmUAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA442 \|date=2003-12-12 \|publisher=Routledge \|isbn=978-1-135-94873-3 \|page=442}}</ref>
	As it refers to countries bounded between the ] and ] it is therefore the companion term to '']'' (مغرب), meaning "west" (a reference to the Arabic-speaking countries in western ]). Egypt occupies an ambiguous position: while it has cultural, ethnic and linguistic ties to both the Mashriq and the Maghreb, it is unique and different from both. Therefore, Egypt is located at the center/heart of the ] and that is why the headquarters of the ] is located in the Egyptian capital of ]. Thus, it is usually seen as being part of neither; however, when it is grouped with one or the other, it is generally considered part of the Mashriq on account of its closer ties to the ]. Egypt and the Levant were often ruled as a single unit, as under the ]ian ], the ], ], the ], the ], the ]s, and for a time under ]. There are also similarity between the ] and the nearby ]. These geographical terms date from the early Islamic expansion.

			The region includes the Arab-majority states of ], ], ], ], ], ], the eastern part of ], ], ], ], the ], ], the ] and ].<ref name="oxford cdwpn"/><ref name="britannica">{{Cite web \|title=Mashriq {{!}} geographical region, Middle East \|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Mashriq \|access-date=2021-08-16 \|website=Encyclopedia Britannica \|language=en}}</ref><ref name= cd>{{Cite web \|title=Libya - Geography \|website=www.country-data.com \|url=http://www.country-data.com/cgi-bin/query/r-8151.html \|access-date=2023-06-12}}</ref><ref name= Gall>{{cite book \|last1= Le Gall \|first1= Michel \|last2= Perkins \|first2= Kenneth \|title= The Maghrib in Question: Essays in History and Historiography \|year= 2010 \|publisher= University of Texas Press \|page=8 \|isbn=978-0-292-78838-1\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mGzKAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA8}}</ref>
	This region is somewhat similar a combination of ] and ]. As of 2014, the Mashriq is home to 1.7% of the global population.<ref></ref><ref>UN estimate for Lebanon</ref><ref></ref><ref></ref><ref>UN estimate for Syria</ref><ref></ref>

			==Geography==
			]

			As the word ''Mashriq'' refers to Arab countries located between the ] and ], it is the companion term to '']'' ({{langx\|ar\|المغرب}}), the western half of the Arab world comprising ], ], ] and western ]. Libya may be regarded as straddling the two regions. ] in eastern Libya is considered part of the Mashriq, whereas ] in western Libya is considered part of the Maghreb. Therefore Sirtica or the ] is considered the dividing point between the Maghreb and Mashreq within the Arab world.<ref name= cd/><ref name= Gall/>

			These geographical terms date from the early Islamic expansion. The Mashriq corresponds to the ] and ]n regions combined.<ref>{{cite book\|last=Clancy-Smith\|first=Julia\|title=North Africa, Islam and the Mediterranean World\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=seH9AQAAQBAJ&pg=PA98\|date=2013-11-05\|publisher=Routledge\|isbn=978-1-135-31213-8\|page=98}}</ref> {{As of\|2014}}, the Mashriq is home to 1.7% of the global population.<ref> {{webarchive \|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130525221856/http://www.capmas.gov.eg/pdf/EgyptInFigure/EgyptinFigures/Tables/English/pop/population/index.html \|date=May 25, 2013 }}</ref><ref>UN estimate for Lebanon</ref><ref>{{Cite web\|url=http://www.dos.gov.jo/dos_home_e/main/index.htm\|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120117225318/http://www.dos.gov.jo/dos_home_e/main/index.htm\|url-status=dead\|title=Official Jordanian population clock\|archivedate=January 17, 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web \|title=National Main Statistical Indicators \|url=http://www.pcbs.gov.ps/DesktopDefault.aspx?lang=en \|publisher=State of Palestine – Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics \|access-date=2016-05-02 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161203043434/http://www.pcbs.gov.ps/DesktopDefault.aspx?lang=en \|archive-date=2016-12-03 \|url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>UN estimate for Syria</ref><ref>{{cite web \|url=http://data.worldbank.org/country/iraq \|publisher=The World Bank \|title=Iraq \|access-date=2023-12-21}}</ref>

			==Cooperation==
			]

			All of the countries located in the Arab Mashreq area are members of the ], the ], and the ]. The region cooperates in several projects including the ] and the ]. Several nations are also members of the ] and others have tried to achieve political unity in the past, such as the ] in the 1960s and 1970s, which originally included both ] and ].

	==See also==		==See also==
	*]		* ]
	*]		* ]
	*]		* ]
	*]		* ]
	*]		* ]
			* ], "Place of Sunset", which contrasts with Mashriq, "Place of Sunrise"
	*]
			* ]
			* ]
			* ]
			* ]

	==References==		==References==
	{{~~Reflist~~}}		{{reflist}}

	]		{{Regions of the world}}

			{{Authority control}}

			]
	]		]
			]
	]		]
	]		]
			]

			]
	{{MEast-geo-stub}}

Latest revision as of 00:25, 21 December 2024

"Mashreq" redirects here. For the bank, see Mashreq (bank). This article is about a geographical region. For other uses, see Mashriq (disambiguation). Eastern part of the Arab world

Mashriq المشرق

Countries and territories	Bahrain Egypt Iraq Jordan Kuwait Lebanon Oman Palestine Qatar Saudi Arabia Syria UAE Yemen

The Mashriq (/məˈʃriːk/; Arabic: ْاَلْمَشْرِق, romanized: al-Mashriq, lit. 'the east'), also known as the Arab Mashriq (Arabic: اَلْمَشْرِقُ الْعَرَبِيُّ, romanized: al-Mashriq al-ʿArabi, lit. 'the Arab east'), sometimes spelled Mashreq or Mashrek, is a term used by Arabs to refer to the eastern part of the Arab world, as opposed to the Maghreb (western) region, and located in Western Asia and eastern North Africa. It is the Arabic equivalent for the term Middle East. Poetically the "Place of Sunrise", the name is derived from the verb sharaqa (َشَرَق, "to shine, illuminate, radiate" and "to rise"), from the sh-r-q root (ش-ر-ق), referring to the east, where the sun rises.

The region includes the Arab-majority states of Bahrain, Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, the eastern part of Libya, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, the State of Palestine, Syria, the United Arab Emirates and Yemen.

Geography

Map depicting the area most conservatively known as the *Mashriq*

As the word Mashriq refers to Arab countries located between the Mediterranean Sea and Iran, it is the companion term to Maghreb (Arabic: المغرب), the western half of the Arab world comprising Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia and western Libya. Libya may be regarded as straddling the two regions. Cyrenaica in eastern Libya is considered part of the Mashriq, whereas Tripolitania in western Libya is considered part of the Maghreb. Therefore Sirtica or the Gulf of Sidra is considered the dividing point between the Maghreb and Mashreq within the Arab world.

These geographical terms date from the early Islamic expansion. The Mashriq corresponds to the Bilad al-Sham and Mesopotamian regions combined. As of 2014, the Mashriq is home to 1.7% of the global population.

Cooperation

All of the countries located in the Arab Mashreq area are members of the Arab League, the Greater Arab Free Trade Area, and the United Nations. The region cooperates in several projects including the Arab Mashreq International Road Network and the Arab Mashreq International Railway. Several nations are also members of the GCC and others have tried to achieve political unity in the past, such as the United Arab Republic in the 1960s and 1970s, which originally included both Egypt and Syria.

References

"Economic interrogation in the mashriq" (PDF). world bank, siteresources.
^ Everett-Heath, John (2018). The Concise Dictionary of World Place-Names (4th ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-186632-6. OCLC 1053905476.
Alvarez, Lourdes María (2009). Abu Al-Ḥasan Al-Shushtarī. Paulist Press. p. 157. ISBN 978-0-8091-0582-3.
Peek, Philip M.; Yankah, Kwesi (2003-12-12). African Folklore: An Encyclopedia. Routledge. p. 442. ISBN 978-1-135-94873-3.
"Mashriq | geographical region, Middle East". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 2021-08-16.
^ "Libya - Geography". www.country-data.com. Retrieved 2023-06-12.
^ Le Gall, Michel; Perkins, Kenneth (2010). The Maghrib in Question: Essays in History and Historiography. University of Texas Press. p. 8. ISBN 978-0-292-78838-1.
"About ANPGR". www.aoad.org. Arab Network of Plant Genetic Resources.
"Mashreq". www.aarinena.org. Association of Agricultural Research Institutions in the Near East & North Africa. Archived from the original on 2017-02-24. Retrieved 2016-05-02.
""السلفية في المشرق العربي" من كتاب "الحركات الإسلامية في الوطن العربي" | مدونة جدران". www.judran.net. Archived from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved August 19, 2015.
"لماذا يستثنى الأردن من التقسيم؟ الوضع الداخلي هو العنصر الحاسم*فهد الخيطان" [Why is Jordan exempted from the division? The internal situation is a critical component * Fahd strings]. rasseen.com (in Arabic). Rasseen. 2014-07-13.
Clancy-Smith, Julia (2013-11-05). North Africa, Islam and the Mediterranean World. Routledge. p. 98. ISBN 978-1-135-31213-8.
Official estimate of the Population of Egypt Archived May 25, 2013, at the Wayback Machine
UN estimate for Lebanon
"Official Jordanian population clock". Archived from the original on January 17, 2012.
"National Main Statistical Indicators". State of Palestine – Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics. Archived from the original on 2016-12-03. Retrieved 2016-05-02.
UN estimate for Syria
"Iraq". The World Bank. Retrieved 2023-12-21.

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Categories:

Latest revision as of 00:25, 21 December 2024

Geography

Cooperation

See also

References