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{{Infobox Former Orthodox Diocese| {{Infobox diocese
| jurisdiction = Patriarchate
| name = Patriarchate of Karlovci<br>Карловачка патријаршија<br>Karlovačka patrijaršija
| name = Karlovci
| seat_image = Grb-karlovacke-mitropolije.jpg
| local = Карловачка патријаршија<br>Karlovačka patrijaršija
| imagesize = 150px
| image_caption = Coat of Arms | image =
| image_size = 150px
| status = Orthodox Patriarchate
| diocese type = Patriarchate | caption =
| denomination = ]
| founded = 1848
| sui_iuris_church = Self-governing Eastern Orthodox Patriarchate
| dissolved= 1920
| established = 1848
| headquarters = ], ] (today ], ])
| territory = ] | dissolved = 1920
| headquarters = ], ] (modern ], ])
| territory = ]
| language = ]<br>] | language = ]<br>]
}} }}
] ]
] ] in Sremski Karlovci, around 1890]]
], the first patriarch of Karlovci]] ]
The '''Patriarchate of Karlovci''' ({{langx|sr|Карловачка патријаршија|Karlovačka patrijaršija}}) or '''Serbian Patriarchate of Sremski Karlovci''' ({{langx|sr|Српска патријаршија у Сремским Карловцима|Srpska patrijaršija u Sremskim Karlovcima}}), was a ] of the ] that existed between 1848 and 1920. It was formed when the ] was elevated to the rank of patriarchate.<ref name="Magoci">Paul Robert Magocsi: Historical Atlas of Central Europe, University of Toronto Press, 2002 <br>''"Then, in 1766, when the Ottomans abolished Pec, the Karlovci province became an independent body, eventually with six suffragan bishops (Novi Sad, Timișoara, Vrsac, Buda, Pakrac, and Karlovac), known as the Serbian Orthodox Slav Oriental Church, which after 1848 was raised to the status of a patriarchate."''</ref><ref>Erwin Fahlbusch, Geoffrey William Bromiley (editors): The Encyclopedia of Christianity: J-O Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing, 2003 page 603<br>''In these territories a Serbian church for "Hungarian" Serbs was set up, elevated to the Patriarchate of Sremski Karlovci by Emperor Francis Joseph in 1848''</ref> The Patriarchate of Karlovci nominally existed until 1920, when along with several other Eastern Orthodox jurisdictions in the ], as well as the ], it was merged with the ] to form the united ].{{sfn|Radić|2007|p=235}}<ref> / The Eastern Orthodox Church since World War I, ]</ref> The seat of the Patriarchate was in ] (today ], ]).
], the last patriarch of Karlovci]]
The '''Patriarchate of Karlovci''' ({{Lang-sr|Карловачка патријаршија}} or {{Lang|sr|''Karlovačka patrijaršija''}}) was a ] of the ] that existed between 1848 and 1920. It was formed in 1848, when former ] was elevated to the rank of patriarchate. The Patriarchate of Karlovci existed until 1920, when it was merged with ] to form the ]. The seat of the Patriarchate was in ] (today ], ]).


==History== ==History==
At the ] in Karlovci in 1848, the ] living in the ] proclaimed the creation of the ], a Serb autonomous region within the Monarchy. The metropolitan of Karlovci, ], was also proclaimed a patriarch, thus the ] became a Patriarchate. At the ] in ] in 1848, prior to the ], the ] of the ] proclaimed the creation of the ], a Serb autonomous region within the Monarchy. The metropolitan of Karlovci, ], was also proclaimed "Serbian Patriarch", thus the ] became a Patriarchate.<ref>Barbara Jelavich: History of the Balkans, Cambridge University Press, Jul 29, 1983 page 316<br>''In May 1848 Serbian national assembly attended by several thousand people met in Sremski Karlovci. The delegates chose Josip Rajačić as patriarch and Stephen Supljikac as vojvoda.''</ref> The title of "Serbian Patriarch" given to Rajačić was confirmed by the ] ] the same year.<ref name=AN>Aidan Nichols: Theology in the Russian Diaspora: Church, Fathers, Eucharist in Nikolai Afanasyev (1893–1966) CUP Archive, 1989 pages 49, 242</ref>


This confirmation of Rajačić as the Serbian Patriarch, and ] as Vojvoda, was a political move made by Emperor Franz Joseph I. He was confronted with ] and had difficulties subduing the ] under ]. Šupljikac and his Croatian counterpart, ] supported the Emperor against the Hungarians.<ref name=AN/>
In the same year when the Patriarchate of Karlovci was created, the ] that were previously under jurisdiction of the ] proclaimed their separation from the Serbian church, and creation of their own. However, this was not recognized in that time, thus the separate Romanian church was created in 1864, by the emperor's decree.


The position of Serbian Orthodox Church and Serbs in Austria and Hungary was regulated in reforms brought about first by Empress ] and later by Emperor ]. The Serbian Church-Public Council of 1769 regulated the Serbs and their Church status in a special paper named "Regulament" and, later, in the "]" issued by Maria Theresa in 1779. These acts regulated the life of the Metropolitanate of Karlovci until 1868. Emperor Franz Joseph I published a special edict regulating Serbian Orthodox Church affairs and his edict was in force until the unification of Serbian Churches in 1920.<ref>Mario Katic, Tomislav Klarin, Mike McDonald:Pilgrimage and Sacred Places in Southeast Europe: History, Religious Tourism and Contemporary Trends, LIT Verlag Münster, Jan 12, 2014 page 207</ref>
The last patriarch, ], was murdered in 1913. After his death, patriarchal throne remained vacant for the last seven years of its existence.


The establishment of the Patriarchate in Karlovci was seen as restoration of Serbian unity in Austria and Hungary and the patriarch was even considered the ranking personage among the Serbs.<ref>Vladimir Dedijer: History of Yugoslavia, McGraw-Hill Book Co., 1974 page 222<br>
In 1920, the Patriarchate of Karlovci was merged into the newly formed ].
''Under successive patriarchs, of Serbian origin, unity was restored and the patriarch was even considered the ranking personage among the Serbs under Habsburg rule, organized in the see of Sremski Karlovci.''</ref> Some authors claimed that actually the Habsburg dynasty in Austria founded the patriarchate of Karlovci.<ref>The Salesianum, Volumes 31-32, Alumni Association of St. Francis Seminary, 1936 page 121<br>''...in Serbia were an autonomous patriarchate; the Habsburg dynasty in Austria founded the patriarchate of Karlovci.''</ref>

In 1865, the Eastern Orthodox ] that were under jurisdiction of the Patriarchate of Karlovci were separated and transferred to the jurisdiction of newly created Romanian Metropolitanate of ] under ]. Process was accomplished by mutual agreement that included the transfer of the ] and eastern parts of ] and ].

In 1873, Bishopric of ] in ], that was since 1783 under the spiritual jurisdiction of Karlovci, was elevated to the rank of Archbishopric when new ] was created for ]n eparchies. New Archbishop of Chernivtsi gained jurisdiction over Serbian eparchies of ] and ], that also were (until then) under spiritual jurisdiction of Karlovci.<ref name="Magoci"/>

Emperor Franz Joseph I exercised full control over the Patriarchate. In 1890, contrary to the Serb Church Congress ruling but according to the Orthodox tradition of royal prerogatives, he promoted ] to the patriarchal throne. That way the emperor discredited the Church hierarchy in the eyes of laity and encouraged rise of the anti-clerical ] in Austria-Hungary.<ref>Bojan Aleksov: Religious Dissent Between the Modern and the National: Nazarenes in Hungary and Serbia 1850–1914, Otto Harrassowitz Verlag, 2006 pages 37-38<br>''But too tight imperial control over the Karlovci Patriarchate – as in the appointment of unpopular patriarchs – tended to discredit the hierarchy in the laity's eyes, further encouraging the rise of the anti-clerical Radical Party among Hungarian Serbs''</ref><ref>Dejan Medaković: Prilog Srpske akademije nauka i umetnosti javnoj raspravi o nacrtu amandmana na ustav SR Srbije, Srpska akademija nauka i umetnosti, 1989 page 53</ref>

The last patriarch, ], was murdered in 1913. After his death, the patriarchal throne remained vacant for the last seven years of its existence, with following bishops serving as ''locum tenens'': ] of Pakrac (1913 and 1914–1919), {{ill|Михаило Грујић|sr|Mihailo Grujić|lt=Mihailo (Grujić)}} of Gornji Karlovac (1913–1914) and ] of Temišvar (1919–1920; coadjutor 1918–1919).

Following the ] in the autumn of 1918, the Patriarchate of Karlovci was in 1920 merged into the newly united ] under one Serbian patriarch residing in ], with the title of ''Archbishop of ], Metropolitan of ] and Serbian Patriarch''.{{sfn|Radić|2007|p=235}}

During ], the ] (NDH), a ] of ] and ] led by the Fascist ] movement, was established in parts of ]. Due to the German pressure over growing anarchy in the country, caused by the ] with the ultimate goal of creating an ethnically pure ],<ref name="Tanner">{{cite book |last1=Tanner |first1=Marcus |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=w9MoHgroUn0C&pg=PT132 |title=Croatia: A Nation Forged in War |date=2010 |publisher=Yale University Press |isbn=978-0-30017-159-4 |edition=Third |page=132}}</ref> the Ustaše created a unrecognized<ref>{{cite book |last1=Ramet |first1=Sabrina P. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FTw3lEqi2-oC&pg=PA119 |title=The Three Yugoslavias: State-building and Legitimation, 1918-2005 |date=2006 |publisher=Indiana University Press |isbn=978-0-25334-656-8 |page=119}}</ref> sect named the ] (1942–1945) in order to ] and ] the remaining ]. It was meant to destroy religious, cultural and national ties between Serbs in Serbia and Serbs in the NDH, as the Ustaše at time could not achieve their goal of exterminating the whole Serb population of Croatia.{{sfn|Tomasevich|2001|p=547}} After several robberies and bombings of ], and ],{{sfn|Tomasevich|2001|p=394}} the Croatian Orthodox Church attemped to self-proclaim itself as the heir of the Patriarchate of Karlovci, but its Archbishop ] was enthroned in Zagreb.<ref>M. Burgess, The Eastern Orthodox Churches, ''Coincise Histories with Chronological Checklists of their Primates'', McFarland 2005, p. 228 - 229.</ref>


==Eparchies== ==Eparchies==
It included following ]: The Patriarchate included the following eparchies:
*]
*Eparchy of ]
*Eparchy of ]
*]
*]
*Eparchy of ]
*]


{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"
==Patriarchs (1848-1920)==
{| class="wikitable" style="border:1px solid #8888aa; background-color:#f7f8ff; padding:2px; font-size:90%;"
|-
!width=142px|Name
!width=100px|Start of Reign
!width=100px|End of Reign
!width=105px|Birth Name
!width=350px|Title
|- |-
! Eparchy
|] <br><small>Joseph</small>
! Seat
|1848
! Notes
|1861
|Josif Rajačić
|Patriarch of Karlovci <br><small>'''41st Patriarch of Serbs''' <br>(1st Patriarch of Karlovci)</small>
|- |-
| ] || ] ||
|] <br><small>Samuel</small>
|1861
|1870
|Sava Maširević
|Patriarch of Karlovci <br><small>'''42nd Patriarch of Serbs''' <br>(2nd Patriarch of Karlovci)</small>
|- |-
| ] || ] (Sentandreja) ||
|] <br><small>Procopius</small>
|1874
|1879
|Prokopije Ivanković
|Patriarch of Karlovci <br><small>'''43rd Patriarch of Serbs''' <br>(3rd Patriarch of Karlovci)</small>
|- |-
| ] || ] || Now ]
|] <br><small>Herman</small>
|1881
|1888
|German Anđelić
|Patriarch of Karlovci <br><small>'''44th Patriarch of Serbs''' <br>(4th Patriarch of Karlovci)</small>
|- |-
| ] || ] ||
|] <br><small>George</small>
|1890
|1907
|Georgije Branković
|Patriarch of Karlovci <br><small>'''45th Patriarch of Serbs''' <br>(5th Patriarch of Karlovci)</small>
|- |-
| ] || ] || ]
|] <br><small>Lucian</small>
|-
|1908
| ] || ] (Temišvar) ||
|1913
|-
|Lukijan Bogdanović
| ] || ] ||
|Patriarch of Karlovci <br><small>'''46th Patriarch of Serbs''' <br>(6th Patriarch of Karlovci)</small>
|-
| ] || ] || Until 1865
|-
| Eparchy of Bukovina || ] || Spiritual jurisdiction only
|-
| ] || ] || Spiritual jurisdiction until 1873
|-
| Eparchy of Kotor || ] || Spiritual jurisdiction until 1873
|} |}

==Patriarchs, 1848–1920==
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:95%; width:100%"
|-
! width="3"| No.
! width="18%"| Primate
! width="5%"| Portrait
! width="14%"| Personal name
! width="15%"| Reign
! width="20%"| Title
! width="23%"| Notes
|- valign="top"
| 1
| ''']'''<br>{{small|Јосиф<br>Joseph}}
| ]
| Ilija Rajačić<br>Илија Рајачић
| 1848–1861
| Archbishop of Karlovci and Serbian Patriarch<br>{{small|(1st Patriarch in Karlovci)}}
|
|- valign="top"
| 2
| ''']'''<br>{{small|Самуило<br>Samuel}}
| ]
| Sava Maširević<br>Сава Маширевић
| 1864–1870
| Archbishop of Karlovci and Serbian Patriarch<br>{{small|(2nd Patriarch in Karlovci)}}
|
|- valign="top"
| 3
| ''']'''<br>{{small|Прокопије<br>Procopius}}
| ]
| Petar Ivačković<br>Петар Ивачковић
| 1874–1879
| Archbishop of Karlovci and Serbian Patriarch<br>{{small|(3rd Patriarch in Karlovci)}}
|
|- valign="top"
| 4
| ''']'''<br>{{small|Герман<br>Herman}}
| ]
| Grigorije Anđelić<br>Григорије Анђелић
| 1881–1888
| Archbishop of Karlovci and Serbian Patriarch<br>{{small|(4th Patriarch in Karlovci)}}
|
|- valign="top"
| 5
| ''']'''<br>{{small|Георгије<br>George}}
| ]
| Đorđe Branković<br>Ђорђе Бранковић
| 1890–1907
| Archbishop of Karlovci and Serbian Patriarch<br>{{small|(5th Patriarch in Karlovci)}}
|
|- valign="top"
| 6
| ''']'''<br>{{small|Лукијан<br>Lucian}}
| ]
| Lazar Bogdanović<br>Лазар Богдановић
| 1908–1913
| Archbishop of Karlovci and Serbian Patriarch<br>{{small|(6th Patriarch in Karlovci)}}
| Murdered in ] under unclear circumstances
|}

===Timeline===
{{#tag:timeline|
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PlotArea = top:10 bottom:30 right:135 left:20
AlignBars = early

Define $now = {{#time:Y}}

DateFormat = yyyy
Period = from:1848 till:1920
TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal
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ScaleMinor = unit:year increment:2 start:1848

Colors =
id:canvas value:rgb(0.97,0.97,0.97)
id:PT value:rgb(1,0.8,0)

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width:5 align:left fontsize:S shift:(5,-4) anchor:till
barset:Popes

from: 1848 till: 1861 color:PT text:"] (1848–1861)"
from: 1864 till: 1870 color:PT text:"] (1864–1870)"
from: 1874 till: 1879 color:PT text:"] (1874–1879)"
from: 1881 till: 1888 color:PT text:"] (1881–1888)"
from: 1890 till: 1907 color:PT text:"] (1890–1907)"
from: 1908 till: 1913 color:PT text:"] (1908–1913)"

barset:skip

}}


==See also== ==See also==
* ]
*]
*] * ]
* ]
*]
*] * ]
*] * ]
* ]


==References== ==References==
{{reflist|2}}
* Živko M. Marinković - Jevrem Igumanović, Istorija opštehrišćanske i Srpske pravoslavne crkve sa hronologijom, Banja Luka - Beograd, 2002.
* Vojislav Stoja, Istorija Srpske pravoslavne crkve - kratak pregled, Novi Sad, 2000.
* Dr Dušan Popov, Karlovačka mitropolija, Enciklopedija Novog Sada, sveska 10, Novi Sad, 1998.


==External links== ==Literature==
{{div col|colwidth=30em}}
* (Serbian)
* {{Cite book|editor-last=Bataković|editor-first=Dušan T.|editor-link=Dušan T. Bataković|title=Histoire du peuple serbe|trans-title=History of the Serbian People|language=fr|date=2005|location=Lausanne|publisher=L’Age d’Homme|isbn=9782825119587 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=a0jA_LdH6nsC}}
* (Serbian)
* {{Cite book|last=Ćirković|first=Sima|author-link=Sima Ćirković|year=2004|title=The Serbs|location=Malden|publisher=Blackwell Publishing|isbn=9781405142915 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2Wc-DWRzoeIC}}
* {{Cite book|editor-last=Ivić|editor-first=Pavle|editor-link=Pavle Ivić|title=The History of Serbian Culture|year=1995|location=Edgware|publisher=Porthill Publishers|isbn=9781870732314 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7nItAQAAIAAJ}}
* {{cite book|last=Pavlovich|first=Paul|title=The History of the Serbian Orthodox Church|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1hzZAAAAMAAJ|year=1989|publisher=Serbian Heritage Books|isbn=9780969133124 }}
* {{Cite book|last=Pavlowitch|first=Stevan K.|author-link=Stevan K. Pavlowitch|title=Serbia: The History behind the Name|year=2002|location=London|publisher=Hurst & Company|isbn=9781850654773 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=w-RuLDaNwbMC}}
* Dušan Popov, Karlovačka mitropolija, Enciklopedija Novog Sada, sveska 10, Novi Sad, 1998.
* {{Cite book|last=Radić|first=Radmila|chapter=Serbian Christianity|title=The Blackwell Companion to Eastern Christianity|year=2007|location=Malden, MA|publisher=Blackwell Publishing|pages=231–248|isbn=9780470766392 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fHtSuvaVAAoC}}
* {{Cite book|editor-last=Samardžić|editor-first1=Radovan|editor-link1=Radovan Samardžić|editor-last2=Duškov|editor-first2=Milan|title=Serbs in European Civilization|year=1993|location=Belgrade|publisher=Nova, Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Institute for Balkan Studies|isbn=9788675830153 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=O3MtAQAAIAAJ}}
* {{Cite book|last=Tomasevich|first=Jozo|author-link=Jozo Tomasevich|title=War and Revolution in Yugoslavia, 1941–1945: Occupation and Collaboration|year=2001|location=Stanford|publisher=Stanford University Press|isbn=9780804779241|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fqUSGevFe5MC}}
* {{Cite book|last=Вуковић|first=Сава|year=1996|title=Српски јерарси од деветог до двадесетог века (Serbian Hierarchs from the 9th to the 20th Century)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VBzkAAAAMAAJ|publisher=Евро, Унирекс, Каленић}}
{{div col end}}


==External links==
{{Serbian Orthodox leaders}}
{{Serbian Orthodox Church}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Patriarchate Of Karlovci}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Patriarchate Of Karlovci}}
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Latest revision as of 14:39, 23 November 2024

Patriarchate of Karlovci
Карловачка патријаршија
Karlovačka patrijaršija
Location
TerritoryHabsburg monarchy
HeadquartersKarlovci, Habsburg monarchy (modern Sremski Karlovci, Serbia)
Information
DenominationEastern Orthodox
Sui iuris churchSelf-governing Eastern Orthodox Patriarchate
Established1848
Dissolved1920
LanguageChurch Slavonic
Serbian
Patriarchate of Karlovci in 1909
Patriarchate Court in Sremski Karlovci, around 1890
Patriarchate Court in Sremski Karlovci, 2014

The Patriarchate of Karlovci (Serbian: Карловачка патријаршија, romanized: Karlovačka patrijaršija) or Serbian Patriarchate of Sremski Karlovci (Serbian: Српска патријаршија у Сремским Карловцима, romanized: Srpska patrijaršija u Sremskim Karlovcima), was a patriarchate of the Eastern Orthodox Church that existed between 1848 and 1920. It was formed when the Metropolitanate of Karlovci was elevated to the rank of patriarchate. The Patriarchate of Karlovci nominally existed until 1920, when along with several other Eastern Orthodox jurisdictions in the defunct Austro-Hungarian Empire, as well as the Metropolitanate of Cetinje, it was merged with the Metropolitanate of Belgrade to form the united Serbian Orthodox Church. The seat of the Patriarchate was in Karlovci (today Sremski Karlovci, Serbia).

History

At the May Assembly in Sremski Karlovci in 1848, prior to the Serb uprising of 1848–49, the Serbs of the Habsburg monarchy proclaimed the creation of the Serbian Vojvodina, a Serb autonomous region within the Monarchy. The metropolitan of Karlovci, Josif Rajačić, was also proclaimed "Serbian Patriarch", thus the Metropolitanate of Karlovci became a Patriarchate. The title of "Serbian Patriarch" given to Rajačić was confirmed by the Emperor Franz Joseph I the same year.

This confirmation of Rajačić as the Serbian Patriarch, and Stevan Šupljikac as Vojvoda, was a political move made by Emperor Franz Joseph I. He was confronted with revolution in his country and had difficulties subduing the Hungarians under Kossuth. Šupljikac and his Croatian counterpart, Josip Jelačić supported the Emperor against the Hungarians.

The position of Serbian Orthodox Church and Serbs in Austria and Hungary was regulated in reforms brought about first by Empress Maria Theresa and later by Emperor Joseph II. The Serbian Church-Public Council of 1769 regulated the Serbs and their Church status in a special paper named "Regulament" and, later, in the "Declaratory Rescript of the Illyrian Nation" issued by Maria Theresa in 1779. These acts regulated the life of the Metropolitanate of Karlovci until 1868. Emperor Franz Joseph I published a special edict regulating Serbian Orthodox Church affairs and his edict was in force until the unification of Serbian Churches in 1920.

The establishment of the Patriarchate in Karlovci was seen as restoration of Serbian unity in Austria and Hungary and the patriarch was even considered the ranking personage among the Serbs. Some authors claimed that actually the Habsburg dynasty in Austria founded the patriarchate of Karlovci.

In 1865, the Eastern Orthodox Romanians that were under jurisdiction of the Patriarchate of Karlovci were separated and transferred to the jurisdiction of newly created Romanian Metropolitanate of Sibiu under Andrei Șaguna. Process was accomplished by mutual agreement that included the transfer of the Eparchy of Arad and eastern parts of Eparchy of Temišvar and Eparchy of Vršac.

In 1873, Bishopric of Chernivtsi in Bukovina, that was since 1783 under the spiritual jurisdiction of Karlovci, was elevated to the rank of Archbishopric when new Metropolitanate of Bukovinian and Dalmatia was created for Cisleithanian eparchies. New Archbishop of Chernivtsi gained jurisdiction over Serbian eparchies of Dalmatia and Kotor, that also were (until then) under spiritual jurisdiction of Karlovci.

Emperor Franz Joseph I exercised full control over the Patriarchate. In 1890, contrary to the Serb Church Congress ruling but according to the Orthodox tradition of royal prerogatives, he promoted Georgije Branković to the patriarchal throne. That way the emperor discredited the Church hierarchy in the eyes of laity and encouraged rise of the anti-clerical Serb People's Radical Party in Austria-Hungary.

The last patriarch, Lukijan Bogdanović, was murdered in 1913. After his death, the patriarchal throne remained vacant for the last seven years of its existence, with following bishops serving as locum tenens: Miron (Nikolić) of Pakrac (1913 and 1914–1919), Mihailo (Grujić) [sr] of Gornji Karlovac (1913–1914) and Georgije (Letić) of Temišvar (1919–1920; coadjutor 1918–1919).

Following the dissolution of Austria-Hungary in the autumn of 1918, the Patriarchate of Karlovci was in 1920 merged into the newly united Serbian Orthodox Church under one Serbian patriarch residing in Belgrade, with the title of Archbishop of Peć, Metropolitan of Belgrade and Karlovci and Serbian Patriarch.

During World War II, the Independent State of Croatia (NDH), a puppet state of Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy led by the Fascist Ustaše movement, was established in parts of occupied Yugoslavia. Due to the German pressure over growing anarchy in the country, caused by the Genocide of Serbs with the ultimate goal of creating an ethnically pure Greater Croatia, the Ustaše created a unrecognized sect named the Croatian Orthodox Church (1942–1945) in order to annihilate and Croatise the remaining Serb minority. It was meant to destroy religious, cultural and national ties between Serbs in Serbia and Serbs in the NDH, as the Ustaše at time could not achieve their goal of exterminating the whole Serb population of Croatia. After several robberies and bombings of Serbian Orthodox properties, and massacres and war crimes against Serbian Orthodox clergy, the Croatian Orthodox Church attemped to self-proclaim itself as the heir of the Patriarchate of Karlovci, but its Archbishop Germogen Maximov was enthroned in Zagreb.

Eparchies

The Patriarchate included the following eparchies:

Eparchy Seat Notes
Archeparchy of Karlovci Sremski Karlovci
Eparchy of Buda Szentendre (Sentandreja)
Eparchy of Pakrac Pakrac Now Eparchy of Slavonia
Eparchy of Gornji Karlovac Karlovac
Eparchy of Bačka Novi Sad Bačka
Eparchy of Temišvar Timișoara (Temišvar)
Eparchy of Vršac Vršac
Eparchy of Arad Arad Until 1865
Eparchy of Bukovina Chernivtsi Spiritual jurisdiction only
Eparchy of Dalmatia Šibenik Spiritual jurisdiction until 1873
Eparchy of Kotor Kotor Spiritual jurisdiction until 1873

Patriarchs, 1848–1920

No. Primate Portrait Personal name Reign Title Notes
1 Josif
Јосиф
Joseph 		Ilija Rajačić
Илија Рајачић 		1848–1861 Archbishop of Karlovci and Serbian Patriarch
(1st Patriarch in Karlovci)
2 Samuilo
Самуило
Samuel 		Sava Maširević
Сава Маширевић 		1864–1870 Archbishop of Karlovci and Serbian Patriarch
(2nd Patriarch in Karlovci)
3 Prokopije
Прокопије
Procopius 		Petar Ivačković
Петар Ивачковић 		1874–1879 Archbishop of Karlovci and Serbian Patriarch
(3rd Patriarch in Karlovci)
4 German
Герман
Herman 		Grigorije Anđelić
Григорије Анђелић 		1881–1888 Archbishop of Karlovci and Serbian Patriarch
(4th Patriarch in Karlovci)
5 Georgije
Георгије
George 		Đorđe Branković
Ђорђе Бранковић 		1890–1907 Archbishop of Karlovci and Serbian Patriarch
(5th Patriarch in Karlovci)
6 Lukijan
Лукијан
Lucian 		Lazar Bogdanović
Лазар Богдановић 		1908–1913 Archbishop of Karlovci and Serbian Patriarch
(6th Patriarch in Karlovci) 		Murdered in Bad Gastein under unclear circumstances

Timeline

Lukijan BogdanovićGeorgije BrankovićGerman AnđelićProkopije IvačkovićSamuilo MaširevićJosif Rajačić

See also

References

  1. ^ Paul Robert Magocsi: Historical Atlas of Central Europe, University of Toronto Press, 2002
    "Then, in 1766, when the Ottomans abolished Pec, the Karlovci province became an independent body, eventually with six suffragan bishops (Novi Sad, Timișoara, Vrsac, Buda, Pakrac, and Karlovac), known as the Serbian Orthodox Slav Oriental Church, which after 1848 was raised to the status of a patriarchate."
  2. Erwin Fahlbusch, Geoffrey William Bromiley (editors): The Encyclopedia of Christianity: J-O Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing, 2003 page 603
    In these territories a Serbian church for "Hungarian" Serbs was set up, elevated to the Patriarchate of Sremski Karlovci by Emperor Francis Joseph in 1848
  3. ^ Radić 2007, p. 235.
  4. The Balkans and eastern Europe / The Eastern Orthodox Church since World War I, Britannica
  5. Barbara Jelavich: History of the Balkans, Cambridge University Press, Jul 29, 1983 page 316
    In May 1848 Serbian national assembly attended by several thousand people met in Sremski Karlovci. The delegates chose Josip Rajačić as patriarch and Stephen Supljikac as vojvoda.
  6. ^ Aidan Nichols: Theology in the Russian Diaspora: Church, Fathers, Eucharist in Nikolai Afanasyev (1893–1966) CUP Archive, 1989 pages 49, 242
  7. Mario Katic, Tomislav Klarin, Mike McDonald:Pilgrimage and Sacred Places in Southeast Europe: History, Religious Tourism and Contemporary Trends, LIT Verlag Münster, Jan 12, 2014 page 207
  8. Vladimir Dedijer: History of Yugoslavia, McGraw-Hill Book Co., 1974 page 222
    Under successive patriarchs, of Serbian origin, unity was restored and the patriarch was even considered the ranking personage among the Serbs under Habsburg rule, organized in the see of Sremski Karlovci.
  9. The Salesianum, Volumes 31-32, Alumni Association of St. Francis Seminary, 1936 page 121
    ...in Serbia were an autonomous patriarchate; the Habsburg dynasty in Austria founded the patriarchate of Karlovci.
  10. Bojan Aleksov: Religious Dissent Between the Modern and the National: Nazarenes in Hungary and Serbia 1850–1914, Otto Harrassowitz Verlag, 2006 pages 37-38
    But too tight imperial control over the Karlovci Patriarchate – as in the appointment of unpopular patriarchs – tended to discredit the hierarchy in the laity's eyes, further encouraging the rise of the anti-clerical Radical Party among Hungarian Serbs
  11. Dejan Medaković: Prilog Srpske akademije nauka i umetnosti javnoj raspravi o nacrtu amandmana na ustav SR Srbije, Srpska akademija nauka i umetnosti, 1989 page 53
  12. Tanner, Marcus (2010). Croatia: A Nation Forged in War (Third ed.). Yale University Press. p. 132. ISBN 978-0-30017-159-4.
  13. Ramet, Sabrina P. (2006). The Three Yugoslavias: State-building and Legitimation, 1918-2005. Indiana University Press. p. 119. ISBN 978-0-25334-656-8.
  14. Tomasevich 2001, p. 547.
  15. Tomasevich 2001, p. 394.
  16. M. Burgess, The Eastern Orthodox Churches, Coincise Histories with Chronological Checklists of their Primates, McFarland 2005, p. 228 - 229.

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