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| {{short description|Hindu fundamentalist organization}} | |||
| {{Distinguish|Abhinav Bharat Society}} | |||
| {{Use dmy dates|date=December 2022}} | |||
| '''Abhinav Bharat''' is an ultra-right-wing<ref>{{cite news|title=The Mirror Explodes: Hindu terror is a reality, yet India refuses to utter its name|url=http://www.outlookindia.com/article.aspx?266145|accessdate=3 May 2014|newspaper=]|date=JUL 19, 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Abhinav Bharat's real aim was communal riots: Congress|url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2008-11-22/news/28439827_1_rss-leaders-abhinav-bharat-prime-ministerial-candidate|publisher=]|accessdate=3 May 2014}}</ref> Hindu extremist organization<ref>{{cite news|last=Mahan|first=Rajan|title=Abhinav Bharat under ATS scanner for '07 Ajmer blast|url=http://www.ndtv.com/article/india/abhinav-bharat-under-ats-scanner-for-07-ajmer-blast-1925|accessdate=3 May 2014|newspaper=]|date=April 14, 2009}}</ref><ref name=ban>{{cite news|last=Jain|first=Bharti|title=Maharashtra government moves to ban Abhinav Bharat|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Maharashtra-government-moves-to-ban-Abhinav-Bharat/articleshow/18700472.cms|accessdate=3 May 2014|newspaper=]|date=Feb 27, 2013}}</ref> based in ], India.<ref>{{cite web|title=Home ministry turns down Maharashtra's plea to ban Abhinav Bharat|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Home-ministry-turns-down-Maharashtras-plea-to-ban-Abhinav-Bharat/articleshow/21978779.cms|publisher=]|accessdate=2 March 2014}}</ref>The entity gained prominence when its members were arrested for allegedly perpetrating the ].<ref>{{cite news|last=Naveen|first=P.|title=Malegaon blast: Focus on new outfits|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/bhopal/malegaon-blast-focus-on-new-outfits/article1-347406.aspx|accessdate=2 May 2014|newspaper=]|date=October 27, 2008}}</ref> The 2nd Abhinav Bharat, a Public Charitable Trust,<ref></ref> affirms that the two entities have no connection of any kind, and are antithetical in nature, with itself, the Trust being one that "works for a pluralist, peaceful, just and humane society," does not indulge in or condone acts of violence or illegal activities, and, in order to protect its own reputation, has filed a ] ] #02 of 2009 in the ] against the use of its name by the neo-Sawarkarite organization. | |||
| {{Use Indian English|date=December 2022}} | |||
| '''Abhinav Bharat''' is a ]<ref>{{Cite journal |date=2010-09-04 |title=Abhinav Bharat, the Malegaon Blast and Hindu Nationalism: Resisting and Emulating Islamist Terrorism |url=https://www.epw.in/journal/2010/36/special-articles/abhinav-bharat-malegaon-blast-and-hindu-nationalism-resisting-and |language=en}}</ref> organization<ref name="MirrorExplodes">{{cite news|title=The Mirror Explodes: Hindu is a reality, yet India refuses to utter its name|url=http://www.outlookindia.com/article.aspx?266145|access-date=3 May 2014|newspaper=]|date=19 Jul 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101129100253/http://outlookindia.com/article.aspx?266145|archive-date=29 November 2010|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Ashraf |first=Ajaz |url=https://www.firstpost.com/politics/dear-rajnath-singh-hindu-terror-is-exactly-the-word-for-abhinav-bharat-extremists-2375470.html|title=Dear Rajnath, 'Hindu terror' is exactly the word for Abhinav Bharat extremists|date=2 August 2015|newspaper=Firstpost}}</ref> founded by retired ] Major Ramesh Upadhyay<ref name=di/><ref name=ndtv/><ref name=toi/> in 2006 in ], India. It has a large base in ]. The organization is believed to be the revived form of the pre-Independence era ].<ref>{{cite news|last=Mahan|first=Rajan|title=Abhinav Bharat under ATS scanner for '07 Ajmer blast|url=http://www.ndtv.com/article/india/abhinav-bharat-under-ats-scanner-for-07-ajmer-blast-1925|access-date=3 May 2014|newspaper=]|date=14 April 2009}}</ref><ref name=ban>{{cite news|last=Jain|first=Bharti|title=Maharashtra government moves to ban Abhinav Bharat|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Maharashtra-government-moves-to-ban-Abhinav-Bharat/articleshow/18700472.cms|access-date=3 May 2014|newspaper=]|date=27 Feb 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Home ministry turns down Maharashtra's plea to ban Abhinav Bharat|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Home-ministry-turns-down-Maharashtras-plea-to-ban-Abhinav-Bharat/articleshow/21978779.cms|work=]|date=22 August 2013 |access-date=2 March 2014}}</ref> The activities of the organisations received widespread attention after Maharashtra ] (ATS) arrested its member for the ] case.<ref>{{cite news|last=Naveen |first=P. |title=Malegaon blast: Focus on new outfits |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/bhopal/malegaon-blast-focus-on-new-outfits/article1-347406.aspx |access-date=2 May 2014 |newspaper=] |date=27 October 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140503000011/http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/bhopal/malegaon-blast-focus-on-new-outfits/article1-347406.aspx |archive-date=3 May 2014 }}</ref> It has no relationship to the ]-based ] of the same name.<ref name="The Indian Express">{{cite news|title=Mumbai trust wants Abhinav Bharat to change name|url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/mumbai-trust-wants-abhinav-bharat-to-change-name/781166/|access-date=7 May 2014|date=25 Apr 2011}}</ref> | |||
| ==History== | ==History== | ||
| Abhinav Bharat was named after the ], an organisation founded by ] in 1904. The original organization believed in armed revolution, and was responsible for the assassinations of some officers{{Which|date=September 2022}} of the ruling British government before being disbanded in 1952.<ref name="Jaffrelot 2010">{{cite journal |last=Jaffrelot |first=C. |date=2010 |title=Abhinav Bharat, the Malegaon Blast and Hindu Nationalism: Resisting and Emulating Islamist Terrorism |journal=Economic and Political Weekly |volume=45 |issue=36 |pages=51–58 |url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/25742046 |jstor=25742046}} | |||
| </ref> | |||
| The current Abhinav Bharat was founded in 2006 by Ramesh Upadhyay<ref name=di>{{Cite web|url=https://darkindia.wordpress.com/history-of-lt-col-involved-in-bomb-blasts/|title=History of LT COL involved in Bomb Blasts|date=2 November 2008}}</ref><ref name=ndtv>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/who-is-shrikant-purohit-449785|title=Who is Shrikant Purohit?|website=NDTV.com}}</ref> and lieutenant-colonel Prasad Shrikant Purohit.<ref name=toi>{{cite news|title=Mutalik used Abhinav Bharat funds for business|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/Mutalik-used-Abhinav-Bharat-funds-for-business/articleshow/7422155.cms|access-date=3 May 2014|newspaper=]|date=4 Feb 2011}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=10 Facts About Lt Col Purohit, Main Accused In 2008 Malegaon Blast Case|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/10-facts-about-lt-col-purohit-main-accused-in-2008-malegaon-blast-case-1740028|access-date=2020-12-23|website=NDTV.com}}</ref> The first few meetings of the new group took place in 2007.<ref name="Jaffrelot 2010"/> Himani Savarkar, the niece of ] and the wife of Vinayak Savarkar's nephew, was elected president of the group in 2008.<ref name="Jaffrelot 2010"/> During the first few meetings of the organisation, the members discussed the idea that Hinduism was in danger, and needed to be defended.<ref name="Jaffrelot 2010"/> In 2008, several of its members were arrested on the suspicion of being involved in the ], and its official website was closed down.<ref>{{cite news|last=Haygunde|first=Chandan|title=Abhinav Bharat's site shut|url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/abhinav-bharat-s-site-shut/378725/|access-date=4 May 2014|newspaper=]|date=28 Oct 2008}}</ref> | |||
| In its first iteration, the group, born before ], was founded and led by ], initially as 'Mitramela' ("Friends' Circle") a secret organization of radical, armed ] revolutionaries at Nashik in 1900, operating as a terrorist organization, and conducted armed strikes against the British and other targets; after the arrest and trial of Sawarkar as instigator and conspirator in the assassination of Gandhi, its fate is not known, but it is believed to have been outlawed and disbanded by the government. Abhinav Bharat as a reiteration of Savarkar's original and defunct Hindu nationalist organization was created in 2007 and is presided over and led by Savarkar's granddaughter, ], also related to ], ]'s assassin.<ref> NDTV - 7 November 2008</ref> | |||
| ⚫ | Praveen Mutalik who was arrested for his alleged role in the ] is |
||
| Following the investigation and arrests, the neo-Sawarkarite entity's website was mysteriously shut down.<ref> ] - 28 October 2008</ref> | |||
| ==Relationship with Sangh Parivar groups== | ==Relationship with Sangh Parivar groups== | ||
| ] representatives have distanced themselves from Abhinav Bharat.<ref>{{cite web|author= |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/India/Sangh_distances_itself_from_Malegaon/articleshow/3687599.cms |title=Sangh distances itself from Malegaon episode - The Times of India |publisher=Timesofindia.indiatimes.com |date=2008-11-08 | |
] representatives have distanced themselves from Abhinav Bharat (AB).<ref>{{cite web|author= |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/India/Sangh_distances_itself_from_Malegaon/articleshow/3687599.cms |title=Sangh distances itself from Malegaon episode - The Times of India |publisher=Timesofindia.indiatimes.com |date=2008-11-08 |access-date=2014-04-15}}</ref> ], the former head of the ], fears that Abhinav Bharat is diverting radicals from the VHP, from where much of the Abhinav Bharat membership originates.<ref>{{cite web|author= |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/India/Togadia_alarmed_by_Lt-Cols_rise/articleshow/3683348.cms |title=Togadia alarmed by Lt-Col's rise? - The Times of India |publisher=Timesofindia.indiatimes.com |date=2008-11-07 |access-date=2014-04-15}}</ref> Abhinav Bharat has also been accused of plotting to kill senior ] leaders, including RSS Chief ], who they thought wasn't doing enough for ].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/blast-accused-wanted-to-kill-saffron-leaders/story-A5i81qIFrFIxb6Bw4RYbJO.html |title=Blast accused wanted to kill saffron leaders |publisher=Hindustan Times |date=2008-11-21 |access-date=2014-04-15 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author= |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Did-Abhinav-Bharat-plan-to-kill-RSS-chief/articleshow/6099750.cms |title=Did Abhinav Bharat plan to kill RSS chief? - The Times of India |publisher=Timesofindia.indiatimes.com |date=2010-06-28 |access-date=2014-04-15}}</ref> | ||
| ] conducted interviews of ] to publish an exclusive profile,<ref>{{cite news |author=Leena Gita Reghunath |title=The Believer: Swami Aseemanand's radical service to the Sangh |newspaper=Caravan |date=1 February 2014 |url=http://www.caravanmagazine.in/reportage/believer |access-date=2014-12-10}}</ref> in which he named Bhagwat in relation to ], ] and ]. Later, Aseemanand called the magazine article "fabricated" and threatened to launch legal action against the article's author. However, the Caravan defended its report and released tape recordings and transcripts of the interviews.<ref>{{cite news|title=Aseemanand threatens to launch legal action against The Caravan|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/aseemanand-threatens-to-launch-legal-action-against-the-caravan/article5666565.ece|access-date=4 May 2014|newspaper=]|date=8 February 2014}}</ref><ref name=Caravan>{{cite news |author=Leena Gita Reghunath |title=Swami Aseemanand interviews |newspaper=Outlook |date=8 February 2014 |url=http://www.caravanmagazine.in/swami-aseemanand-interviews |access-date=2014-12-10}}</ref> The ] (NIA), which investigating Aseemanand, said that he never named any RSS leader during questioning. The RSS, too, has denied the allegations.{{citation needed|date=December 2022}} Aseemanand has been acquitted of all charges.<ref name="hindustantimes.com">{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/samjhauta-express-blast-nia-court-acquits-all-accused-including-aseemanand/story-UICq9OHZFmd2799Ntm0cxM.html|title=Swami Aseemanand, 3 others acquitted in 2007 Samjhauta Express bombing case|date=2019-03-20|website=Hindustan Times|language=en|access-date=2019-12-31}}</ref> | |||
| ⚫ | ==Allegations of involvement in |
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| ⚫ | ==Allegations of involvement in bombings== | ||
| Following the arrest and investigation of several of its functionaries{{how many|date=April 2014}} in connection with the ], the group became the target of sustained investigations for its alleged role in several other terror attacks across the country.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/Narco_test_to_be_carried_on_Abhinav_Bharat_activist/articleshow/3696561.cms | work=The Times Of India | title=Narco test to be carried on Abhinav Bharat activist | date=10 November 2008}}</ref> Several serving and retired army officers{{how many|date=April 2014}} are also believed to have been{{by whom|date=April 2014}} recruited by Abhinav Bharat and to have helped with indoctrination and arms and explosives training.<ref name="expressindia.com"/> Claims by police and government of "]ism" as a counterpoint to Islamic terrorism have been met with denunciation and rejection by Hindu nationalists, some of whom{{who|date=April 2014}} reject the claims and accusations of crimes and terrorist activities made against the neo-Sawarkarite Abhinav Bharat. ] notes that the group seemed little more "than a letterhead or part of a fantasy world".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/malegaon-to-mangalore/415982/1 |title=Malegaon to Mangalore|publisher= Indian Express |date=28 January 2009}}</ref> | |||
| Following the arrest and investigation of Abhinav Bharat members Swami Aseemanand, Shrikant Purohit, ], Lokesh Sharma, Kamal Chauhan, Sunil Joshi, and Rajendra Choudhary in connection with the 2006 Malegaon blasts,<ref>{{cite news|title=ATS may arrest Abhinav Bharat leader today|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/ATS-may-arrest-Abhinav-Bharat-leader-today/articleshow/3733665.cms|access-date=4 May 2014|newspaper=]}}</ref> the organization has been investigated for its alleged role in ], ], ], ] and Jalna mosque bomb attack. In all these bombings 147 people were killed.<ref name=ban /><ref>{{cite news| url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/Narco_test_to_be_carried_on_Abhinav_Bharat_activist/articleshow/3696561.cms | work=The Times Of India | title=Narco test to be carried on Abhinav Bharat activist | date=10 November 2008}}</ref> Anti-Terrorism Squad Investigations have revealed that serving and retired army officers associated with Abhinav Bharat hijacked the organisation and motivated the youth to take up armed struggle against Muslims.<ref name="expressindia.com">{{cite news |date=2 Nov 2008 |title=Abhinav Bharat was 'hijacked' by hardliners: probe |newspaper=] |url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/abhinav-bharat-was--hijacked--by-hardliners-probe/380249/ |access-date=4 May 2014}}</ref> ] notes that the group seemed little more "than a letterhead or part of a fantasy world".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/malegaon-to-mangalore/415982/1 |title=Malegaon to Mangalore|publisher= Indian Express |date=28 January 2009}}</ref> | |||
| ==See also== | |||
| ⚫ | Praveen Mutalik, who was arrested for his alleged role in the ], is alleged to have received more than {{INRConvert|3|l}} from Prasad Shrikant Purohit, a co-founder of the Abhinav Bharat.<ref name=toi/> Furthermore, the ] has claimed that Ajay Rahirkar, the treasurer of Abhinav Bharat, received {{INRConvert|10|l}} from various '']dars''.<ref>{{cite news|title=Abhinav Bharat treasurer may have received hawala money|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Abhinav-Bharat-treasurer-may-have-received-hawala-money/articleshow/3696566.cms|access-date=3 May 2014|newspaper=]|date=10 Nov 2008}}</ref> | ||
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| * 2007 ] | |||
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| ==References== | ==References== | ||
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Latest revision as of 05:31, 17 December 2024
Hindu fundamentalist organizationAbhinav Bharat is a Hindutva organization founded by retired Indian Army Major Ramesh Upadhyay in 2006 in Pune, India. It has a large base in Madhya Pradesh. The organization is believed to be the revived form of the pre-Independence era Abhinav Bharat Society. The activities of the organisations received widespread attention after Maharashtra Anti Terrorist Squad (ATS) arrested its member for the 2006 Malegaon bombings case. It has no relationship to the Mumbai-based charitable trust of the same name.
History
Abhinav Bharat was named after the Abhinav Bharat Society, an organisation founded by Vinayak Damodar Savarkar in 1904. The original organization believed in armed revolution, and was responsible for the assassinations of some officers of the ruling British government before being disbanded in 1952.
The current Abhinav Bharat was founded in 2006 by Ramesh Upadhyay and lieutenant-colonel Prasad Shrikant Purohit. The first few meetings of the new group took place in 2007. Himani Savarkar, the niece of Nathuram Godse and the wife of Vinayak Savarkar's nephew, was elected president of the group in 2008. During the first few meetings of the organisation, the members discussed the idea that Hinduism was in danger, and needed to be defended. In 2008, several of its members were arrested on the suspicion of being involved in the 2006 Malegaon bombings, and its official website was closed down.
Relationship with Sangh Parivar groups
Sangh Parivar representatives have distanced themselves from Abhinav Bharat (AB). Praveen Togadia, the former head of the VHP, fears that Abhinav Bharat is diverting radicals from the VHP, from where much of the Abhinav Bharat membership originates. Abhinav Bharat has also been accused of plotting to kill senior RSS leaders, including RSS Chief Mohan Bhagwat, who they thought wasn't doing enough for Hindutva.
The Caravan conducted interviews of Swami Aseemanand to publish an exclusive profile, in which he named Bhagwat in relation to 2007 Samjhauta Express bombings, Ajmer Dargah attack and Mecca Masjid bombing. Later, Aseemanand called the magazine article "fabricated" and threatened to launch legal action against the article's author. However, the Caravan defended its report and released tape recordings and transcripts of the interviews. The National Investigation Agency (NIA), which investigating Aseemanand, said that he never named any RSS leader during questioning. The RSS, too, has denied the allegations. Aseemanand has been acquitted of all charges.
Allegations of involvement in bombings
Following the arrest and investigation of Abhinav Bharat members Swami Aseemanand, Shrikant Purohit, Sadhvi Pragya Thakur, Lokesh Sharma, Kamal Chauhan, Sunil Joshi, and Rajendra Choudhary in connection with the 2006 Malegaon blasts, the organization has been investigated for its alleged role in 2007 Samjhauta Express bombings, Malegaon blasts, Mecca Masjid bombing, Ajmer Sharif Dargah blast and Jalna mosque bomb attack. In all these bombings 147 people were killed. Anti-Terrorism Squad Investigations have revealed that serving and retired army officers associated with Abhinav Bharat hijacked the organisation and motivated the youth to take up armed struggle against Muslims. Swapan Dasgupta notes that the group seemed little more "than a letterhead or part of a fantasy world".
Praveen Mutalik, who was arrested for his alleged role in the 2008 Malegaon blasts, is alleged to have received more than ₹3 lakh (US$3,600) from Prasad Shrikant Purohit, a co-founder of the Abhinav Bharat. Furthermore, the Anti Terrorist Squad has claimed that Ajay Rahirkar, the treasurer of Abhinav Bharat, received ₹10 lakh (US$12,000) from various hawaladars.
References
- "Abhinav Bharat, the Malegaon Blast and Hindu Nationalism: Resisting and Emulating Islamist Terrorism". 4 September 2010.
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - "The Mirror Explodes: Hindu is a reality, yet India refuses to utter its name". Outlook. 19 July 2010. Archived from the original on 29 November 2010. Retrieved 3 May 2014.
- Ashraf, Ajaz (2 August 2015). "Dear Rajnath, 'Hindu terror' is exactly the word for Abhinav Bharat extremists". Firstpost.
- ^ "History of LT COL involved in Bomb Blasts". 2 November 2008.
- ^ "Who is Shrikant Purohit?". NDTV.com.
- ^ "Mutalik used Abhinav Bharat funds for business". The Times of India. 4 February 2011. Retrieved 3 May 2014.
- Mahan, Rajan (14 April 2009). "Abhinav Bharat under ATS scanner for '07 Ajmer blast". NDTV. Retrieved 3 May 2014.
- ^ Jain, Bharti (27 February 2013). "Maharashtra government moves to ban Abhinav Bharat". The Times of India. Retrieved 3 May 2014.
- "Home ministry turns down Maharashtra's plea to ban Abhinav Bharat". The Times of India. 22 August 2013. Retrieved 2 March 2014.
- Naveen, P. (27 October 2008). "Malegaon blast: Focus on new outfits". The Hindustan Times. Archived from the original on 3 May 2014. Retrieved 2 May 2014.
- "Mumbai trust wants Abhinav Bharat to change name". 25 April 2011. Retrieved 7 May 2014.
- ^ Jaffrelot, C. (2010). "Abhinav Bharat, the Malegaon Blast and Hindu Nationalism: Resisting and Emulating Islamist Terrorism". Economic and Political Weekly. 45 (36): 51–58. JSTOR 25742046.
- "10 Facts About Lt Col Purohit, Main Accused In 2008 Malegaon Blast Case". NDTV.com. Retrieved 23 December 2020.
- Haygunde, Chandan (28 October 2008). "Abhinav Bharat's site shut". The Indian Express. Retrieved 4 May 2014.
- "Sangh distances itself from Malegaon episode - The Times of India". Timesofindia.indiatimes.com. 8 November 2008. Retrieved 15 April 2014.
- "Togadia alarmed by Lt-Col's rise? - The Times of India". Timesofindia.indiatimes.com. 7 November 2008. Retrieved 15 April 2014.
- "Blast accused wanted to kill saffron leaders". Hindustan Times. 21 November 2008. Retrieved 15 April 2014.
- "Did Abhinav Bharat plan to kill RSS chief? - The Times of India". Timesofindia.indiatimes.com. 28 June 2010. Retrieved 15 April 2014.
- Leena Gita Reghunath (1 February 2014). "The Believer: Swami Aseemanand's radical service to the Sangh". Caravan. Retrieved 10 December 2014.
- "Aseemanand threatens to launch legal action against The Caravan". The Hindu. 8 February 2014. Retrieved 4 May 2014.
- Leena Gita Reghunath (8 February 2014). "Swami Aseemanand interviews". Outlook. Retrieved 10 December 2014.
- "Swami Aseemanand, 3 others acquitted in 2007 Samjhauta Express bombing case". Hindustan Times. 20 March 2019. Retrieved 31 December 2019.
- "ATS may arrest Abhinav Bharat leader today". The Times of India. Retrieved 4 May 2014.
- "Narco test to be carried on Abhinav Bharat activist". The Times Of India. 10 November 2008.
- "Abhinav Bharat was 'hijacked' by hardliners: probe". Indian Express. 2 November 2008. Retrieved 4 May 2014.
- "Malegaon to Mangalore". Indian Express. 28 January 2009.
- "Abhinav Bharat treasurer may have received hawala money". The Times of India. 10 November 2008. Retrieved 3 May 2014.