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{{Short description|City in Macedonia, Greece}}
{{Other uses|Yenice (disambiguation)}} {{Other uses|Yenice (disambiguation)}}
{{Infobox Greek Dimos {{Infobox Greek Dimos
|name = Giannitsa |name = Giannitsa
|name_local = Γιαννιτσά |name_local = Γιαννιτσά
|type = municipal unit
|image_map = Dimos Giannitson.png
|image_skyline = Πεζοδρομος Γιαννιτσα 2022 1.jpg
|imagesize = 235
|image_map = DE Giannitson.svg
|map_caption = Location within the regional unit |map_caption = Location within the regional unit
| periph = ] |periph = ]
| periphunit = ] |periphunit = ]
|municipality = ] |municipality = ]
|pop_municunit = 32410
|pop_municipality = 63122
|population_as_of = 2021
|pop_municunit = 33775
|area_municunit = 208.1
|population_as_of = 2011
|area_municunit = |pop_community = 30498
|pop_community = 29789
|elevation = 42 |elevation = 42
|coordinates = {{coord|40|47|N|22|24|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|lat_deg = 40
|lat_min = 47
|lon_deg = 22
|lon_min = 24
|postal_code = 581 00 |postal_code = 581 00
|area_code = 23820-2 |area_code = 23820-2
|licence = EE |licence = EE
|mayor = Gr. Stamkos
|website = |website =
|image_skyline =Alexander the Great Statue Giannitsa.jpg
|caption_skyline = Alexander the Great Statue
|city_flag =
|city_seal =
|districts =
|party =
|since =
|elevation_min =
|elevation_max =
}} }}


'''Giannitsa''' ({{lang-el|Γιαννιτσά}}, in English also ''Yannitsa'', ''Yenitsa'') is the largest city in the ] of ] and the capital of the ], in the region of ] in northern ].<ref name=Kallikratis> Greece Ministry of Interior {{el icon}}</ref> '''Giannitsa''' ({{langx|el|Γιαννιτσά}} {{IPA-el|ʝaniˈt͡sa|}}, in English also '''Yannitsa''', '''Yenitsa''') is the largest city in the ] of ] and the capital of the ], in the region of ] in northern ].<ref name=Kallikratis>{{Cite web|url=http://www.et.gr/idocs-nph/search/pdfViewerForm.html?args=5C7QrtC22wGYK2xFpSwMnXdtvSoClrL8-SrPzKAEPjjtIl9LGdkF53UIxsx942CdyqxSQYNuqAGCF0IfB9HI6hq6ZkZV96FIukI0UzcPsWCK0LpLhpa7rhiWB4R5ntTnoWw7U8E1Amg.|title=ΦΕΚ A 87/2010, Kallikratis reform law text|language=el|publisher=]}}</ref>
]
]
Its population is 31,983 people (2011 census). The community of Giannitsa includes a few outlying villages (Mesiano, Melissi, Pentaplatanos, Archontiko, Ampelies and ]). The municipality as a whole includes many villages and has 63,122 inhabitants. The city is located in the center of Macedonia between the ] and the plain of Giannitsà, and is economic, commercial and industrial center of the prefecture of ]. ] (]) runs along the south of the city.


The municipal unit Giannitsa has an area of 208.105&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>.<ref name=stat01>{{cite web |url=http://dlib.statistics.gr/Book/GRESYE_02_0101_00098%20.pdf |publisher=National Statistical Service of Greece |title=Population & housing census 2001 (incl. area and average elevation) |language=el |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150921212047/http://dlib.statistics.gr/Book/GRESYE_02_0101_00098%20.pdf |archive-date=2015-09-21 }}</ref> Its population is 32,410 people (2021 census). It includes a few outlying villages (Mesiano, Melissi, Pentaplatanos, Archontiko, Ampelies and ]). The municipality Pella as a whole includes many villages and has 57,039 inhabitants. The city is located in the center of ] between ] and the plain of Giannitsa, and is the economic, commercial and industrial center of the ]. ] (]) runs along the south of the city.
The former shallow, swampy, and variable-sized '''Giannitsa Lake''' or '''Loudias Lake''', south of the city, was drained in 1928-1932 by the New York Foundation Company.


The former shallow, swampy, and variable-sized ] or (ancient) Loudias Lake, fed by the ] and south of the city, was drained in 1928-1932 by the New York Foundation Company.<ref>Eugene N. Borza, ''In the shadow of Olympus: the emergence of Macedon'' (1992) {{ISBN|0-691-00880-9}}, p. 289; Matthieu Ghilardi ''et al.'', "Human occupation and geomorphological evolution of the Thessaloniki Plain (Greece) since mid Holocene", ''Journal of Archaeological Science'' '''35''':1:111-125 (January 2008)</ref> It or the surrounding marshland were sometimes called '''Borboros''' 'slime' or '''Borboros Limen'''.<ref>Ghilardi; Théophile Alphonse Desdevises-du-Dezert, ''Géographie ancienne de la Macédoine'' (A. Durand, 1863)</ref>
About {{convert|7|km|0|abbr=on}} from Giannitsa are the ruins of ancient ], birthplace of ] and capital of ]. The city is {{convert|48|km|0|abbr=on}} from ].<ref>http://www.macedonia.info/pellis.htm</ref>


About {{convert|7|km|0|abbr=on}} from Giannitsa are the ruins of ancient ], birthplace of ] and capital of ]. The city is {{convert|48|km|0|abbr=on}} from ].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.macedonia.info/pellis.htm|title=Macedonia - Perfecture of Pella|access-date=13 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304223433/http://www.macedonia.info/pellis.htm|archive-date=4 March 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref>
]


==Name== ==Name==


]
The city was founded as ''Yenice-i Vardar'' 'new (town) of Vardar' in around 1372. It was sometimes called ''Evrenos Beg yöresi'' 'Evrenos Bey's town'.<ref>], 2nd edition, ''s.v.'' </ref>


The city was founded as ''Yenice-i Vardar'' ] يڭيجۀ واردار 'new (town) of Vardar' in around 1383 – 1387.<ref>M. Kiel, „Yenice-i Vardar. A forgotten Turkish cultural center in Macedonia of the 15th and 16th century“, Studia Byzantina et Neohellenica Neerlandica 3 (1971): 311 – 316.</ref> It was sometimes called ''Evrenos Beg yöresi'' ']'s town'.<ref>], 2nd edition, ''s.v.'' </ref>
The Turkish name, in the form Γενιτσά, was used until February 1926 when its name was Hellenized as Yannitsa/Γιαννιτσά.<ref>Institute for Neohellenic Research, "Name Changes of Settlements in Greece" </ref> In other languages, the city is called: ] ''Yenice-i Vardar'' ('new-town of Vardar', as opposed to ''Yenice-i Karasu'', modern ], near ] and known for tobacco), ]: ''Yenice'' or ''Vardar Yenicesi'',and {{lang-bg|Енидже Вардар}}, ''Enidže Vardar'' or Пазар ''Pazar'' 'market'.

The Turkish name, in the form Yenitsa (Γενιτσά), was used until February 1926 when its name was Hellenized as Giannitsa (Γιαννιτσά).<ref>Institute for Neohellenic Research, "Name Changes of Settlements in Greece" </ref> In other languages, the city is called: ] ''Yenice-i Vardar'' ('new-town of Vardar', as opposed to ''Yenice-i Karasu'', modern ], near ] and known for tobacco), ] ''Yenice'' or ''Vardar Yenicesi'', {{langx|bg|Енидже Вардар}}, ''Enidzhe Vardar'' or Пазар ''Pazar'', {{langx|mk|Ениџе Вардар}}, ''Enidzhe Vardar''.


==Population== ==Population==
Line 56: Line 45:
! Year!! Population ! Year!! Population
|- |-
| 2011 || 31.983 | 2021 || 30,498
|- |-
| 2001 || 29.364 | 2011 || 29,789
|- |-
| 1991 || 22.504 | 2001 || 29,364
|- |-
| 1981 || 23.966 | 1991 || 22,504
|- |-
| 1971 || 21.188 | 1981 || 23,966
|- |-
| 1961 || 23.555 | 1971 || 21,188
|- |-
| 1951 || 20.187 | 1961 || 19,693
|- |-
| 1940 || 16.401 | 1951 || 16,640
|- |-
| 1928 || 12.785 | 1940 || 12,964
|- |-
| 1913 || 7.167 | 1928 || 9,128
|-
|} <ref></ref>
| 1913 || 7,167
|}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.e-demography.gr/ElstatPublications/censuses/index.cfm?year=1928|title=Εργαστήριο Δημογραφικών και Κοινωνικών Αναλύσεων Πανεπιστημίου Θεσσαλίας - Εργο e-Demography - Εκδόσεις ΕΛΣΤΑΤ - Απογραφές - 1928|author=Anastassios Hadjicrystallis - Consultant and developer of Internet and cell phone technology services.|access-date=13 January 2016}}</ref>


==History== ==History==
===Prehistoric===
In the area of "Old Market", on the southern hill of the city, there was an Early Neolithic settlement (late 7th to early 6th millennium BC). Giannitsa was also inhabited through the Bronze and Iron Ages. Incidental findings, such as coins, inscriptions, and sculptures indicate that the area was inhabited during the Hellenistic period (323-30BC). In ancient times, the area was called ].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hellinon.net/NeesSelides/GianitsaNeolithika.htm|title=Ο ΝΕΟΛΙΘΙΚΟΣ ΟΙΚΙΣΜΟΣ ΤΩΝ ΓΙΑΝΝΙΤΣΩΝ|access-date=13 January 2016}}</ref> In the vicinity of the city ancient towns of ] and ] and medieval metropolitan centre of ] were presented.<ref>{{cite journal | last = Христосков | first = Радослав | year = 2019 | title = Крепостите на Енидже Вардар в пътеписа на Евлия Челеби – "просто легенда" или наследство от Античността и Средновековието | journal = „Македонски преглед“ | publisher = МНИ | location = София | volume = XLІI | issue = 1 | pages = 41–42, 44, 47–48 | url = https://www.academia.edu/40625127 }}</ref>


===Ottoman===
'''Prehistoric'''
]


Though there was probably a pre-existing Byzantine castle in the vicinity, the importance of the city of Giannitsa begins with its foundation by ] in around 1383 – 1387. Giannitsa became the base of the ] followers of Evrenos who took Macedonia and later Albania. The city (known as Vardar Yenicesi or Yenice-i Vardar under the Ottomans) was an important Ottoman cultural center and sacred area in the 15th and 16th centuries. Starting in the mid-15th century, Giannitsa became a center of literature and the arts. Under Ahmet Bey, a descendant of ], many mosques, schools, workhouses and charitable projects were founded.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pellanet.gr/index.php?com=page&item=20|title=Ιστορία Γιαννιτσών|work=PellaNet Online|access-date=13 January 2016}}</ref> In 1519 (] 925), its population consisted of 793 Muslim, 25 Christian and 24 Jewish households and it was a ] of Mevlana Ahmet Çelebi.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=GÖKBİLGİN |first=M. TAYYİB |date=1956 |title=KANUNÎ SULTAN SÜLEYMAN DEVRİ BAŞLARINDA RUMELİ EYALETİ, LİVALARI, ŞEHİR VE KASABALARI |url=https://belleten.gov.tr/tam-metin-pdf/1214/tur |journal=Belleten |volume=20 |issue=78 |page=264 |issn=0041-4255 |eissn=2791-6472 }}</ref>
In the area of "Old Market", on the southern hill of the city, there was an Early Neolithic settlement (late 7th to early 6th millennium BC); Giannitsa was also inhabited through the Bronze and Iron Ages. Incidental findings, such as coins, inscriptions, and sculptures indicate that the area was inhabited during the Hellenistic period . In ancient times, the area was called ].<ref>http://www.hellinon.net/NeesSelides/GianitsaNeolithika.htm</ref>


Although ] was widely studied in the Ottoman-held ] ('']''), Vardar Yenicesi differed from other localities in the Balkans insofar as that it was a town where Persian was also widely spoken.<ref name="Green">{{cite book |last1=Inan |first1=Murat Umut |editor1-last=Green |editor1-first=Nile |editor1-link=Nile Green |title=The Persianate World The Frontiers of a Eurasian Lingua Franca |date=2019 |publisher=University of California Press |page=86 |chapter=Imperial Ambitions, Mystical Aspirations: Persian learning in the Ottoman World}}</ref> However, the Persian of Vardar Yenicesi and throughout the rest of the Ottoman-held Balkans was different from formal Persian both in accent and vocabulary.<ref name="Green"/> The difference was apparent to such a degree that the Ottomans referred to it as "Rumelian Persian" (''Rumili Farsisi'').<ref name="Green"/> As learned people such as students, scholars and literati often frequented Vardar Yenicesi, it soon became the site of a flourishing ] linguistic and literary culture.<ref name="Green"/> The 16th-century Ottoman ] (died 1572), who hailed from ] in modern-day ], was galvanized by the abundant Persian-speaking and Persian-writing communities of Vardar Yenicesi, and he referred to the city as a "hotbed of Persian".<ref name="Green"/>
'''Ottoman'''


In the early 20th century, Giannitsa was a battleground between ] and Greek partisans in the ]. ]'s novel ''Secrets of the Swamp'' (referring to the shores of Giannitsa Lake) is a romanticised account of this from the Greek point of view.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Roudometof |first=Victor |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Xoww453NVQMC&dq=penelope+delta+Secrets+of+the+Swamp&pg=PA82 |title=Collective Memory, National Identity, and Ethnic Conflict: Greece, Bulgaria, and the Macedonian Question |date=2002 |publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group |isbn=978-0-275-97648-4 |pages=82 |language=en}}</ref>
Though there was probably a pre-existing Byzantine castle in the vicinity, the importance of the city of Yenije begins with its foundation by ] in around 1372. Yenije became the base of the ] followers of Evrenos who took Macedonia and later Albania. The city was an important Ottoman cultural center and sacred area in the 15th and 16th centuries. Starting in the mid-15th century, Giannitsa became a center of literature and the arts. Under Ahmet Bey, who was a descedent of ], many mosques, schools, workhouses and charitable projects were founded.<ref>http://www.pellanet.gr/index.php?com=page&item=20</ref>


]]]
In the early 20th century, Yenije was a battleground between ] and Greek-Macedonian partisans in the ]. ]'s novel ''Secrets of the Swamp'' (referring to the shores of Giannitsa Lake) is a romanticised account of this from the Greek point of view.
]


'''Balkan wars''' ===Balkan wars===
] (1912–13)|left]]Giannitsa "retained its emphatically Turkish character up to 1912" and members of the Evrenos family lived in the city in a large palace in the center of town until then.<ref name="hist"/> In the ], the ] (20 October 1912) was one of the most important battles the ] fought.


===German occupation===
Yenidje "retained its emphatically Turkish character up to 1912" and members of the Evrenos family lived in the city in a large palace in the center of town until then.<ref name="hist"/> In the ], the ] (20 October 1912) was one of the most important battles the Greek army fought.
The German army invaded Giannitsa on April 11, 1941 . On April 20, 1941, some Austrian forces arrived. The municipal registry of Giannitsa confirms four random killings in various parts of the city. On 16 September 1943, the Municipality of Giannitsa, headed by the Mayor, Thomas Magriotis and the help of local soccer teams organized a demonstration in the city and indulge{{clarify|date=August 2014}} in German commandant a text against the intention of the Germans to surrender ] to the Bulgarians. According to oral testimony on November 13, 1943, the Germans arrested around 50 people, whom they transferred to the camp of Pavlos Melas at ] and they killed thirteen. At the same time, the Germans invaded for the first time the village Eleftherohori {{convert|7|km|0|abbr=on}} away from the city, steal and destroy. In this attack there were no casualties. On 23 March 1944, the village was burned, and the place deserted. Eleftherohori lost 19 lives. On 5 August 1944, the Austrian soldier Otmar Dorne left the German occupation army and joined the 30th Constitution of the ], based in ]. The defection of Dorne, and the presence of the Wehrmacht sergeant ], led to mass reprisals on 14 September 1944 in Giannitsa: about 120 residents of Giannitsa were executed by forces of the Jagdkommando Schubert with the collaboration of Greek units under the command of ]. Among those executed was the Mayor, Thomas Mangriotis. The Swedish ambassador Timberg indicated that one third of the city was destroyed by fire. The citizens left the city. Emile Wenger visited Giannitsa few days after the mass execution, as a representative of the ] and wrote "Giannitsa is already a dead city". On 20 September 1944, a citizens' committee sent a message to the National Government stating the facts and asking for weapons. The Germans left Giannitsa on November 3, 1944.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.24grammata.com/?p=4216|title=24grammata.com Culture e-Magazine – Free eBooks – WebRadio » Τα Γιαννιτσά στα χρόνια της κατοχής / Eλευθεροχώρι, 23 Μαρτίου 1944|access-date=13 January 2016}}</ref>


During this period in the city is formed Bulgarian action committee and later Central Bulgarian-macedonian committee, headed by the local citizen Georgi Kayafov.<ref></ref><ref>Даскалов, Георги. Участта на българите в Егейска Македония, 1936 – 1946, Политическа и военна история, София, 1999, с.279</ref><ref></ref> Also a Thessaloniki bulgarian club branch was formed by locals Georgi Yankulov, Perikle Gyupchinov, Hristo Panayotov and Georgi Kayafov.<ref>{{cite journal | last = Христосков | first = Радослав | year = 2019 | title = Националните борби на българите в Енидже Вардар и гръцкият гнет (по спомени на Георги Каяфов) | journal = „Македонски преглед“ | publisher = МНИ | location = София | volume = XLІI | issue = 3 | pages = 133–150 | url = https://www.academia.edu/42208654 }}</ref>
'''German occupation'''


==Landmarks==
The German army invaded Giannitsa on April 11, 1941 . On April 20, 1941 temporarily install some Austrian forces . The study of the records of the registrar municipality of Giannitsa confirms four random killings in various parts of the settlements of the city . On 16 September 1943 the Municipality of Giannitsa headed by the Mayor, Thomas Magriotis and the help of local soccer teams organize a demonstration in the city and indulge in German commandant a text against the intention of the Germans to surrender ] to the Bulgarians . According to oral testimony on November 13, 1943 the Germans arrest around 50 people, which transfer to the camp of Pavlos Melas at ] and they killed thirteen . At the same time the Germans invaded for the first time in the village Eleftherohori {{convert|7|km|0|abbr=on}} away from the city, steal and destroy . In this attack there were no casualties . On 23 March 1944 the village is burned, the place is deserted . The Eleftherohori gave 19 lives in the struggle . On 5 August 1944 the Austrian soldier Otmar Dorne left the German occupation army and joined the 30th Constitution of ], based in ]. The fact of defection of Dorne, but the presence of the sergeant of the SS, ], led to the mass execution on 14 September 1944 Giannitsa. About 120 residents of Giannitsa were executed by forces of the Jagdkommando ] with the collaboration Greek units under the command of ] . Among those executed was and the Mayor, Thomas Mangriotis . The Swedish ambassador, Tympergk indicate that one third of the city was destroyed by fire . The citizens leave the city. Emile Wenger visited Giannitsa few days after the mass execution, as a representative of the International, the Red Cross and writes features " Giannitsa is already a dead city ." On 20 September 1944 a citizens' committee Giannitsà has sent message to the National Government for stating the facts and asking weapons .
===Monuments===
The Germans fled Giannitsa on November 3, 1944 .
]|left]]
<ref>http://www.24grammata.com/?p=4216</ref>


Giannitsa was an important center in the ] period, and several important monuments survive, such as the ''Tombs of ]'' (built in 1417) and ''Gazi Ahmed Bey'', the ''Kaifoun Baths,'' the '']'', the ''Army Mosque'', the ''] of Evrenos'', and the ''Clock Tower'', built from 1667 to 1668 by the Ottomans. (The choice of location was made with military criteria because they wanted to control the commercial activity that took place across the city and throughout central Macedonia.) These monuments have been declared historical monuments by the Greek Archaeological Service.<ref name="hist">Vasilis Demetriades, "The Tomb of Ghāzī Evrenos Bey at Yenitsa and Its Inscription", ''Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies'' (University of London) '''39''' (1976), 2: 328–332; Eleni Kanetaki, "The Still Existing Ottoman ''Hamams'' in the Greek Territory", ''Middle East Technical University Journal of the Faculty of Architecture'' '''21''' (2005), 1-2: 81–110, citing M. Kiel, "Yenice-i Vardar. A forgotten Turkish cultural center in Macedonia of the 15th and 16th century", ''Studia Byzantina et Neohellenica Neerlandica'' '''3''' (1971): 300–329.</ref>
].]]
]]]


Points of interest include also the Cathedral Church of Giannitsa (achieved in 1860), the Neoclassical Multicenter, the Filippeio tourist center, the Macedonian tombs, and the prehistoric settlement of Archontiko.
==Landmarks==
'''Monuments'''
].]]
Yenidje was an important center in the ] period, and several important monuments survive: ''Tombs of ]'' (Built in 1417) and ''Gazi Ahmed Bey'', ''Kaifoun Baths,'' the ''Great Mosque'', the ''Army Mosque'', the ''] of Evrenos'', and the ''Clock Tower'' (It was built from 1667 to 1668 by Ottomans. The choice of location was made with military criteria because they wanted to control the commercial activity that was taken place across the city throughout central Macedonia). These monuments have been declared historical monuments by the Greek Archaeological Service.<ref name="hist">Vasilis Demetriades, "The Tomb of Ghāzī Evrenos Bey at Yenitsa and Its Inscription", ''Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies'' (University of London) '''39''':2:328-332 (1976); Eleni Kanetaki, "The Still Existing Ottoman ''Hamam''s in the Greek Territory", ''Middle East Technical University Journal of the Faculty of Architecture'' '''21''':1-2:81-110 (2005); citing M. Kiel, "Yenice-i Vardar. A forgotten Turkish cultural center in Macedonia of the 15th and 16th century", ''Studia Byzantina et Neohellenica Neerlandica'' '''3''':300-329 (1971)</ref>
Points of interest include also the ''Cathedral Church of Giannitsa'' (1860), the ''Neoclassical Multicenter'', the tourist center "FILIPPEIO", the ''Macedonian tombs'' and the ''Prehistoric Settlement of Archontiko''.


]]]
'''Museums'''
*The ''Military museum of Giannitsa'', (opened 24/2/2012) displays photographs, texts, weapons, uniforms, medals and other materials, with a particular emphasis on the Battle of the Swamp and the Balkan Wars 1912-1913.
*The '']'' (opened 10/1977) by the "Philippos" History and Folklore Association to promote local history and traditions.


===Museums===
'''Statues'''
* The '']'' (opened in October 1977) by the "Philippos" History and Folklore Association to promote local history and traditions.
* '']'', near the Cultural Center, unveiled on 20 October 2009, the anniversary of the liberation of the city and the Day of the ].<ref></ref>
* The ''Military museum of Giannitsa'' (opened 24 February 2012), displays photographs, texts, weapons, uniforms, medals and other materials, with a particular emphasis on the Battle of the Swamp and the Balkan Wars 1912–1913.


===Statues===
*'']'', located in the park of the "Filippio" tourist center. Near the statue, there is a relief depicting the Macedonian phalanx.
] statue at Phillipio hill]]


*''Black Statue - The Memorial of Giannitsà'', erected at the eastern entrance to the town in 1926 in honor and remembrance of the battle of Giannitsà. (Sculptor: Gregory Zevgolis). * ''Black Statue - The Memorial of Giannitsà'', erected at the eastern entrance to the town in 1926 in honor and remembrance of the battle of Giannitsà (Sculptor: Gregory Zevgolis).
* ''Mass Grave'', a list of the residents who were executed at the 1st Primary School on 14 September 1944 by German troops.
* '']'', near the Cultural Center, unveiled on 20 October 2009, the anniversary of the liberation of the city and the Day of the ].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://macedonian-news.blogspot.gr/2009/10/statue-of-alexander-great-in-giannitsa.html|title=Macedonian News M-N Μακεδονικά Νέα|author=ioakim-makedonas (macedonian)|date=20 October 2009|access-date=13 January 2016}}</ref>
* '']'', located in the park of the "Filippio" tourist center. Near the statue, there is a relief depicting the Macedonian phalanx.
*A bust of the Makedonomachos ] in Gonou Yiota Square.


===Aravissos===
*''Mass Grave'', a list of the residents who were executed at the 1st Primary School on 14 September 1944 by German troops.
]


About {{convert|10|km|0|abbr=on}} northwest of the city is the spring of ], which produces drinking water. The surrounding grove and creek include a popular park.
] statue at FILIPPEIO hill]]


==Economy== ==Economy==
Giannitsa is predominantly a rural area. The draining of the Lake Giannitsà left fertile soil for agriculture, leading to population growth in the region.{{Citation needed|date=September 2024}}

Giannitsa is predominantly a rural area. The draining of the Lake Giannitsà left fertile soil for agriculture, leading to population growth in the region.

==Notable people==

*] (died 1417), founder of the Ottoman city, whose mausoleum is in the center of town
* ] (died 1556), Ottoman poet
* ] (died 1577/8), Ottoman poet and historian
* Georgios ] (1880 - 1911), revolutionary in the ]
* ] (1883-1932), military officer in the Ottoman and Turkish armies


==Entertainment== ==Entertainment==
{{Unreferenced section|date=September 2024}}
]
]
The focus of the social life of the city is at the central pedestrian street, where people gather to eat and drink or to take a walk. Giannitsa was one of the first cities that founded Open Theatre (3000 seats) and became an institution for cultural events and big names in theater and music, every year, the last month of summer giving a culture festival character . Also various theatrical and musical events take place in a closed theater located internally of the Cultural Centre which has a modern architecture. In the first days of September there is a big market for about a week. Also DI.K.E.P.A.P. (ΔΗ.Κ.Ε.Π.Α.Π) is a charitable non -profit cultural organization founded in 1996 that develops music, visual arts, dance, film and other arts.
The focus of the social life of the city is at the central pedestrian street, where people gather to eat and drink or to take a walk. Giannitsa was one of the first cities that founded Open Theatre (3000&nbsp;seats) and became an institution for cultural events and big names in theater and music, every year, the last month of summer giving a culture festival character . Also various theatrical and musical events take place in a closed theater located internally of the Cultural Centre which has a modern architecture. In the first days of September there is a big market for about a week. The DI.&nbsp;K.&nbsp;E.&nbsp;P.&nbsp;A.&nbsp;P. (ΔΗ.&nbsp;Κ.&nbsp;Ε.&nbsp;Π.&nbsp;Α.&nbsp;Π) is a charitable non-profit cultural organization founded in 1996 that develops music, visual arts, dance, film and other arts.


==Loudias river== ==Loudias river==
Seven kilometers ({{convert|7|km|abbr=off|disp=output only}}) south of the center is the ], which has a sailing center. The Nautical Club of Giannitsa (NOG) teaches canoeing, kayaking, and rowing.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.freewebs.com/nog-1/history.htm |title=History - Nautical Club of Giannitsa |access-date=2014-03-24 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140324185113/http://www.freewebs.com/nog-1/history.htm |archive-date=2014-03-24 }}</ref>
]
Seven kilometers ({{convert|7|km|abbr=off|disp=output only}}) south of the center is the ], which has a sailing center. The Nautical Club of Giannitsa (NOG) teaches canoeing, kayaking, and rowing.<ref>http://www.freewebs.com/nog-1/history.htm</ref>


==Districts== ==Districts==
]
*Center
]]]
*St.George

*St.Paraskevi
* Center
*Sfageia
* St. George
*Sinoikismos
* Ayía Paraskeví
*Mitropoli
* Sfageia
*St.Konstantinos
* Sinoikismos
*Tsali (Nea Trapezounta)
* Mitropoli
*Filippeio
* St. Konstantinos
*Kapsali
* Tsali (Nea Trapezounta)
*Palaia agora
* Filippeio
* Kapsali
* Palaia agora

==Local media==
]

===Newspapers===
* ''O Logos tis Pellas'' (weekly; ] ''Ο λόγος της Πέλλας'')
* ''Giannitsa'' (daily; ] ''Γιαννιτσά'')

===TV station===
* ] (] ''Πέλλα τηλεόραση'')

===Online newspapers===
* ''Pella24''
* ''Pellanet''
* ''Giannitsa City news''
* ''Logos Pellas''


==Sports== ==Sports==
Line 164: Line 169:
At the river Loudias, there are rowing races in which the Nautical Club participates. At the river Loudias, there are rowing races in which the Nautical Club participates.


==Twin towns and sister cities==
==International relations==
Giannitsa is ] with three cities:
* {{flagicon|CYP}} ], ], since 2003<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.larnaka.org.cy/el/page/adelfopoiiseis#.XEMWylUzbX4|title=Αδελφοποιήσεις|access-date=2019-01-19|archive-date=2018-08-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180814073704/http://www.larnaka.org.cy/el/page/adelfopoiiseis#.XEMWylUzbX4|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* {{flagicon|ITA}} ], Italy, since 2010<ref> {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131112194657/http://www.arealocale.com/default.asp?action=article&ID=4699 |date=2013-11-12 }}{{in lang|it}}</ref>
* {{flagicon|USA}} ], ], United States, since 2010<ref>{{cite web|url=http://events.ct.com/events/view/35451/new_britain_sister_city_announces_a_trip_to_northern_greece.html|title=- - - CTNow.com|access-date=13 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131224111813/http://events.ct.com/events/view/35451/new_britain_sister_city_announces_a_trip_to_northern_greece.html|archive-date=24 December 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref>

{{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in Greece}} {{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in Greece}}


==Notable people==
===Twin towns – Sister cities===
* ] (died 1417), founder of the Ottoman city, whose mausoleum is in the center of town
Giannitsa is ] with:
* ], Ottoman soldier and ], took part in the capture of Lesbos from the Genoese
* {{flagicon|ITA}} ], ] since 2010<ref>{{it}}</ref>
* ] (1478-1546) his father ] is from Giannitsa, was appointed ] (Grand admiral) of the Ottoman Navy by ]
* {{flagicon|USA}} ], ], ] since 2010<ref></ref>
* ] (died 1556), Ottoman poet
* ] (died 1577), Ottoman poet and historian
* ] (1880–1911), revolutionary in the ]
* ] (1883–1932), military officer in the Ottoman and Turkish armies
* ] (1884-1958), physician and ] politician, accused of treason
* ] (born 1971), Greek Olympic rower
* ] (born 1971), former soccer player
* ] (born 1974), singer born in Germany, but raised in Giannitsa
* ] (born 1977), Greek Olympic silver medalist in taekwondo
* ] (born 1980), indie pop music composer
* ] (born 1985), ] politician
* ] (born 1987), basketball player for ]
* ] (born 1990), ], ], Lecturer currently living in ]
* ] (born 1993), soccer player playing as an ] for ]
* ] (1994-2023), basketball player for ]
* ] (born 1996), soccer player playing as a ] for ]
* ] (born 2000), soccer player playing as a ] for ]


==References== ==Gallery==
{{Gallery
|width=160 | height=170
|align=center
|File:Medrese Giannitsa.jpg
|Iskender Bey Mosque
|File:St. Paraskeva Giannitsa.jpg
|Holy Monastery of Saint Paraskevi
|File:Giannitsa Clock Tower.jpg
|Giannitsa Clock Tower
|File:Saint George Church in Giannitsa.jpg
|Church of Saint George
|File:Assumption of Mary Church, Giannitsa 1.jpg
|Assumption of Mary Church
|File:Alexander the Great Statue Giannitsa.jpg
|Statue to Alexander the Great
|File:Tomb of Evrenos in Giannitsa.jpg
|Mausoleum of Gazi Evrenos
|File:Konstantinos Bukovalas.JPG
|Bust of Konstantinos Bukovalas
|File:Loudias River 2.jpg
|Loudias River
|File:Sts. Peter and Paul Catholic Church in Giannitsa.jpg
|Church of Saint Peter and Paul
|File:Enidje-prolet.jpg
|Park in Giannitsa
}}


==References==
{{reflist}} {{reflist}}


==External links== ==External links==
{{commonscat}}
* , Official site-municipality of pella.
* , official site of the municipality of Pella
*


{{Pella div}} {{Pella div}}
{{Greek Macedonia}} {{Greek Macedonia}}
{{Kallikratis-Central Macedonia}} {{Kallikratis-Central Macedonia}}

{{Authority control}}


] ]
] ]
] ]
] ]
]
]

Latest revision as of 23:13, 22 October 2024

City in Macedonia, Greece For other uses, see Yenice (disambiguation). Municipal unit in Greece
Giannitsa Γιαννιτσά
Municipal unit
Giannitsa is located in GreeceGiannitsaGiannitsaLocation within the regional unit
Coordinates: 40°47′N 22°24′E / 40.783°N 22.400°E / 40.783; 22.400
CountryGreece
Administrative regionCentral Macedonia
Regional unitPella
MunicipalityPella
Area
 • Municipal unit208.1 km (80.3 sq mi)
Elevation42 m (138 ft)
Population
 • Municipal unit32,410
 • Municipal unit density160/km (400/sq mi)
 • Community30,498
Time zoneUTC+2 (EET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+3 (EEST)
Postal code581 00
Area code(s)23820-2
Vehicle registrationEE
Websitewww.giannitsa.gr/

Giannitsa (Greek: Γιαννιτσά [ʝaniˈt͡sa], in English also Yannitsa, Yenitsa) is the largest city in the regional unit of Pella and the capital of the Pella municipality, in the region of Central Macedonia in northern Greece.

The municipal unit Giannitsa has an area of 208.105 km. Its population is 32,410 people (2021 census). It includes a few outlying villages (Mesiano, Melissi, Pentaplatanos, Archontiko, Ampelies and Damiano). The municipality Pella as a whole includes many villages and has 57,039 inhabitants. The city is located in the center of Macedonia between Mount Paiko and the plain of Giannitsa, and is the economic, commercial and industrial center of the Pella regional unit. European route E86 (Greek National Road 2) runs along the south of the city.

The former shallow, swampy, and variable-sized Giannitsa Lake or (ancient) Loudias Lake, fed by the Loudias River and south of the city, was drained in 1928-1932 by the New York Foundation Company. It or the surrounding marshland were sometimes called Borboros 'slime' or Borboros Limen.

About 7 km (4 mi) from Giannitsa are the ruins of ancient Pella, birthplace of Alexander the Great and capital of ancient Macedonia. The city is 48 km (30 mi) from Thessaloniki.

Name

The Ottoman clocktower

The city was founded as Yenice-i Vardar Ottoman Turkish يڭيجۀ واردار 'new (town) of Vardar' in around 1383 – 1387. It was sometimes called Evrenos Beg yöresi 'Evrenos Bey's town'.

The Turkish name, in the form Yenitsa (Γενιτσά), was used until February 1926 when its name was Hellenized as Giannitsa (Γιαννιτσά). In other languages, the city is called: Ottoman Turkish Yenice-i Vardar ('new-town of Vardar', as opposed to Yenice-i Karasu, modern Genisea, near Xanthi and known for tobacco), Turkish Yenice or Vardar Yenicesi, Bulgarian: Енидже Вардар, Enidzhe Vardar or Пазар Pazar, Macedonian: Ениџе Вардар, Enidzhe Vardar.

Population

Year Population
2021 30,498
2011 29,789
2001 29,364
1991 22,504
1981 23,966
1971 21,188
1961 19,693
1951 16,640
1940 12,964
1928 9,128
1913 7,167

History

Prehistoric

In the area of "Old Market", on the southern hill of the city, there was an Early Neolithic settlement (late 7th to early 6th millennium BC). Giannitsa was also inhabited through the Bronze and Iron Ages. Incidental findings, such as coins, inscriptions, and sculptures indicate that the area was inhabited during the Hellenistic period (323-30BC). In ancient times, the area was called Bottiaea. In the vicinity of the city ancient towns of Pella and Kyrros and medieval metropolitan centre of Giannitsa were presented.

Ottoman

Postcard of Giannitsa, around 1900

Though there was probably a pre-existing Byzantine castle in the vicinity, the importance of the city of Giannitsa begins with its foundation by Gazi Evrenos in around 1383 – 1387. Giannitsa became the base of the ghazi followers of Evrenos who took Macedonia and later Albania. The city (known as Vardar Yenicesi or Yenice-i Vardar under the Ottomans) was an important Ottoman cultural center and sacred area in the 15th and 16th centuries. Starting in the mid-15th century, Giannitsa became a center of literature and the arts. Under Ahmet Bey, a descendant of Gazi Evrenos, many mosques, schools, workhouses and charitable projects were founded. In 1519 (Hijri 925), its population consisted of 793 Muslim, 25 Christian and 24 Jewish households and it was a zeamet of Mevlana Ahmet Çelebi.

Although Persian was widely studied in the Ottoman-held Balkans (Rumelia), Vardar Yenicesi differed from other localities in the Balkans insofar as that it was a town where Persian was also widely spoken. However, the Persian of Vardar Yenicesi and throughout the rest of the Ottoman-held Balkans was different from formal Persian both in accent and vocabulary. The difference was apparent to such a degree that the Ottomans referred to it as "Rumelian Persian" (Rumili Farsisi). As learned people such as students, scholars and literati often frequented Vardar Yenicesi, it soon became the site of a flourishing Persianate linguistic and literary culture. The 16th-century Ottoman Aşık Çelebi (died 1572), who hailed from Prizren in modern-day Kosovo, was galvanized by the abundant Persian-speaking and Persian-writing communities of Vardar Yenicesi, and he referred to the city as a "hotbed of Persian".

In the early 20th century, Giannitsa was a battleground between Bulgarian and Greek partisans in the Macedonian struggle. Penelope Delta's novel Secrets of the Swamp (referring to the shores of Giannitsa Lake) is a romanticised account of this from the Greek point of view.

Map of the Battle of Giannitsa

Balkan wars

Greek soldiers at the lake during the Balkan Wars (1912–13)

Giannitsa "retained its emphatically Turkish character up to 1912" and members of the Evrenos family lived in the city in a large palace in the center of town until then. In the First Balkan War, the Battle of Giannitsa (20 October 1912) was one of the most important battles the Hellenic Army fought.

German occupation

The German army invaded Giannitsa on April 11, 1941 . On April 20, 1941, some Austrian forces arrived. The municipal registry of Giannitsa confirms four random killings in various parts of the city. On 16 September 1943, the Municipality of Giannitsa, headed by the Mayor, Thomas Magriotis and the help of local soccer teams organized a demonstration in the city and indulge in German commandant a text against the intention of the Germans to surrender Central Macedonia to the Bulgarians. According to oral testimony on November 13, 1943, the Germans arrested around 50 people, whom they transferred to the camp of Pavlos Melas at Thessaloniki and they killed thirteen. At the same time, the Germans invaded for the first time the village Eleftherohori 7 km (4 mi) away from the city, steal and destroy. In this attack there were no casualties. On 23 March 1944, the village was burned, and the place deserted. Eleftherohori lost 19 lives. On 5 August 1944, the Austrian soldier Otmar Dorne left the German occupation army and joined the 30th Constitution of the E.L.A.S, based in Mount Paiko. The defection of Dorne, and the presence of the Wehrmacht sergeant Schubert, led to mass reprisals on 14 September 1944 in Giannitsa: about 120 residents of Giannitsa were executed by forces of the Jagdkommando Schubert with the collaboration of Greek units under the command of G. Poulos. Among those executed was the Mayor, Thomas Mangriotis. The Swedish ambassador Timberg indicated that one third of the city was destroyed by fire. The citizens left the city. Emile Wenger visited Giannitsa few days after the mass execution, as a representative of the International Red Cross and wrote "Giannitsa is already a dead city". On 20 September 1944, a citizens' committee sent a message to the National Government stating the facts and asking for weapons. The Germans left Giannitsa on November 3, 1944.

During this period in the city is formed Bulgarian action committee and later Central Bulgarian-macedonian committee, headed by the local citizen Georgi Kayafov. Also a Thessaloniki bulgarian club branch was formed by locals Georgi Yankulov, Perikle Gyupchinov, Hristo Panayotov and Georgi Kayafov.

Landmarks

Monuments

Mausoleum of Gazi Evrenos

Giannitsa was an important center in the Ottoman period, and several important monuments survive, such as the Tombs of Gazi Evrenos (built in 1417) and Gazi Ahmed Bey, the Kaifoun Baths, the Great Mosque, the Army Mosque, the hammam of Evrenos, and the Clock Tower, built from 1667 to 1668 by the Ottomans. (The choice of location was made with military criteria because they wanted to control the commercial activity that took place across the city and throughout central Macedonia.) These monuments have been declared historical monuments by the Greek Archaeological Service.

Points of interest include also the Cathedral Church of Giannitsa (achieved in 1860), the Neoclassical Multicenter, the Filippeio tourist center, the Macedonian tombs, and the prehistoric settlement of Archontiko.

Traditional costumes at the Folklore Museum of Giannitsa

Museums

  • The Folklore Museum of Giannitsa (opened in October 1977) by the "Philippos" History and Folklore Association to promote local history and traditions.
  • The Military museum of Giannitsa (opened 24 February 2012), displays photographs, texts, weapons, uniforms, medals and other materials, with a particular emphasis on the Battle of the Swamp and the Balkan Wars 1912–1913.

Statues

Philip II of Macedon statue at Phillipio hill
  • Black Statue - The Memorial of Giannitsà, erected at the eastern entrance to the town in 1926 in honor and remembrance of the battle of Giannitsà (Sculptor: Gregory Zevgolis).
  • Mass Grave, a list of the residents who were executed at the 1st Primary School on 14 September 1944 by German troops.
  • Alexander the Great, near the Cultural Center, unveiled on 20 October 2009, the anniversary of the liberation of the city and the Day of the Macedonian Struggle.
  • Philip II of Macedon, located in the park of the "Filippio" tourist center. Near the statue, there is a relief depicting the Macedonian phalanx.
  • A bust of the Makedonomachos Gonos Yiotas in Gonou Yiota Square.

Aravissos

Park of Aravissos

About 10 km (6 mi) northwest of the city is the spring of Aravissos, which produces drinking water. The surrounding grove and creek include a popular park.

Economy

Giannitsa is predominantly a rural area. The draining of the Lake Giannitsà left fertile soil for agriculture, leading to population growth in the region.

Entertainment

This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (September 2024) (Learn how and when to remove this message)
Loudias river

The focus of the social life of the city is at the central pedestrian street, where people gather to eat and drink or to take a walk. Giannitsa was one of the first cities that founded Open Theatre (3000 seats) and became an institution for cultural events and big names in theater and music, every year, the last month of summer giving a culture festival character . Also various theatrical and musical events take place in a closed theater located internally of the Cultural Centre which has a modern architecture. In the first days of September there is a big market for about a week. The DI. K. E. P. A. P. (ΔΗ. Κ. Ε. Π. Α. Π) is a charitable non-profit cultural organization founded in 1996 that develops music, visual arts, dance, film and other arts.

Loudias river

Seven kilometers (4.3 miles) south of the center is the Loudias River, which has a sailing center. The Nautical Club of Giannitsa (NOG) teaches canoeing, kayaking, and rowing.

Districts

Saint George church
Saint Paraskeva church
  • Center
  • St. George
  • Ayía Paraskeví
  • Sfageia
  • Sinoikismos
  • Mitropoli
  • St. Konstantinos
  • Tsali (Nea Trapezounta)
  • Filippeio
  • Kapsali
  • Palaia agora

Local media

A statue of Alexander the Great

Newspapers

  • O Logos tis Pellas (weekly; Greek Ο λόγος της Πέλλας)
  • Giannitsa (daily; Greek Γιαννιτσά)

TV station

Online newspapers

  • Pella24
  • Pellanet
  • Giannitsa City news
  • Logos Pellas

Sports

The most popular team is the Anagennisi Giannitsa football team which plays at the Municipal Stadium.

There is a motocross track northwest of the city, in the foothills of Mount Paiko, where local, Greek, and European races are run.

At the river Loudias, there are rowing races in which the Nautical Club participates.

Twin towns and sister cities

Giannitsa is twinned with three cities:

See also: List of twin towns and sister cities in Greece

Notable people

Gallery

  • Iskender Bey Mosque Iskender Bey Mosque
  • Holy Monastery of Saint Paraskevi Holy Monastery of Saint Paraskevi
  • Giannitsa Clock Tower Giannitsa Clock Tower
  • Church of Saint George Church of Saint George
  • Assumption of Mary Church Assumption of Mary Church
  • Statue to Alexander the Great Statue to Alexander the Great
  • Mausoleum of Gazi Evrenos Mausoleum of Gazi Evrenos
  • Bust of Konstantinos Bukovalas Bust of Konstantinos Bukovalas
  • Loudias River Loudias River
  • Church of Saint Peter and Paul Church of Saint Peter and Paul
  • Park in Giannitsa Park in Giannitsa

References

  1. "Αποτελέσματα Απογραφής Πληθυσμού - Κατοικιών 2021, Μόνιμος Πληθυσμός κατά οικισμό" [Results of the 2021 Population - Housing Census, Permanent population by settlement] (in Greek). Hellenic Statistical Authority. 29 March 2024.
  2. "ΦΕΚ A 87/2010, Kallikratis reform law text" (in Greek). Government Gazette.
  3. "Population & housing census 2001 (incl. area and average elevation)" (PDF) (in Greek). National Statistical Service of Greece. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2015-09-21.
  4. Eugene N. Borza, In the shadow of Olympus: the emergence of Macedon (1992) ISBN 0-691-00880-9, p. 289; Matthieu Ghilardi et al., "Human occupation and geomorphological evolution of the Thessaloniki Plain (Greece) since mid Holocene", Journal of Archaeological Science 35:1:111-125 (January 2008)
  5. Ghilardi; Théophile Alphonse Desdevises-du-Dezert, Géographie ancienne de la Macédoine (A. Durand, 1863)
  6. "Macedonia - Perfecture [sic] of Pella". Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 13 January 2016.
  7. M. Kiel, „Yenice-i Vardar. A forgotten Turkish cultural center in Macedonia of the 15th and 16th century“, Studia Byzantina et Neohellenica Neerlandica 3 (1971): 311 – 316.
  8. Encyclopedia of Islam, 2nd edition, s.v. Ewrenos
  9. Institute for Neohellenic Research, "Name Changes of Settlements in Greece" Genitsa/Giannitsa
  10. Anastassios Hadjicrystallis - Consultant and developer of Internet and cell phone technology services. "Εργαστήριο Δημογραφικών και Κοινωνικών Αναλύσεων Πανεπιστημίου Θεσσαλίας - Εργο e-Demography - Εκδόσεις ΕΛΣΤΑΤ - Απογραφές - 1928". Retrieved 13 January 2016.
  11. "Ο ΝΕΟΛΙΘΙΚΟΣ ΟΙΚΙΣΜΟΣ ΤΩΝ ΓΙΑΝΝΙΤΣΩΝ". Retrieved 13 January 2016.
  12. Христосков, Радослав (2019). "Крепостите на Енидже Вардар в пътеписа на Евлия Челеби – "просто легенда" или наследство от Античността и Средновековието". „Македонски преглед“. XLІI (1). София: МНИ: 41–42, 44, 47–48.
  13. "Ιστορία Γιαννιτσών". PellaNet Online. Retrieved 13 January 2016.
  14. GÖKBİLGİN, M. TAYYİB (1956). "KANUNÎ SULTAN SÜLEYMAN DEVRİ BAŞLARINDA RUMELİ EYALETİ, LİVALARI, ŞEHİR VE KASABALARI". Belleten. 20 (78): 264. eISSN 2791-6472. ISSN 0041-4255.
  15. ^ Inan, Murat Umut (2019). "Imperial Ambitions, Mystical Aspirations: Persian learning in the Ottoman World". In Green, Nile (ed.). The Persianate World The Frontiers of a Eurasian Lingua Franca. University of California Press. p. 86.
  16. Roudometof, Victor (2002). Collective Memory, National Identity, and Ethnic Conflict: Greece, Bulgaria, and the Macedonian Question. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 82. ISBN 978-0-275-97648-4.
  17. ^ Vasilis Demetriades, "The Tomb of Ghāzī Evrenos Bey at Yenitsa and Its Inscription", Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies (University of London) 39 (1976), 2: 328–332; Eleni Kanetaki, "The Still Existing Ottoman Hamams in the Greek Territory", Middle East Technical University Journal of the Faculty of Architecture 21 (2005), 1-2: 81–110, citing M. Kiel, "Yenice-i Vardar. A forgotten Turkish cultural center in Macedonia of the 15th and 16th century", Studia Byzantina et Neohellenica Neerlandica 3 (1971): 300–329.
  18. "24grammata.com Culture e-Magazine – Free eBooks – WebRadio » Τα Γιαννιτσά στα χρόνια της κατοχής / Eλευθεροχώρι, 23 Μαρτίου 1944". Retrieved 13 January 2016.
  19. Мичев, Добрин. Българските акционни комитети в Македония – 1941 г., МНИ, София, 1995, с.44
  20. Даскалов, Георги. Участта на българите в Егейска Македония, 1936 – 1946, Политическа и военна история, София, 1999, с.279
  21. Мичев, Добрин. Българското национално дело в Югозападна Македония (1941 – 1944 г.)
  22. Христосков, Радослав (2019). "Националните борби на българите в Енидже Вардар и гръцкият гнет (по спомени на Георги Каяфов)". „Македонски преглед“. XLІI (3). София: МНИ: 133–150.
  23. ioakim-makedonas (macedonian) (20 October 2009). "Macedonian News M-N Μακεδονικά Νέα". Retrieved 13 January 2016.
  24. "History - Nautical Club of Giannitsa". Archived from the original on 2014-03-24. Retrieved 2014-03-24.
  25. "Αδελφοποιήσεις". Archived from the original on 2018-08-14. Retrieved 2019-01-19.
  26. Grecia e Magna Grecia: incontro Giannitsa e Crotone Archived 2013-11-12 at the Wayback Machine(in Italian)
  27. "- - - CTNow.com". Archived from the original on 24 December 2013. Retrieved 13 January 2016.

External links

Subdivisions of the municipality of Pella
Municipal unit of Giannitsa
Municipal unit of Krya Vrysi
Municipal unit of Kyrros
  • Achladochori
  • Aravissos
  • Axos
  • Lakka
  • Mylotopos
  • Palaios Mylotopos
  • Plagiari
Municipal unit of Megas Alexandros
  • Agios Georgios
  • Drosero
  • Galatades
  • Karyotissa
  • Liparo
  • Palaifyto
  • Trifylli
Municipal unit of Pella
Macedonia (Greece)
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Greek Macedonia Portal
Administrative division of the Central Macedonia Region
Area
18,811 km (7,263 sq mi)
Population
1,882,108 (as of 2011)
Municipalities
38 (since 2011)
Capital
Thessaloniki
Regional unit of Chalkidiki
Regional unit of Imathia
Regional unit of Kilkis
Regional unit of Pella
Regional unit of Pieria
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Regional unit of Thessaloniki
Regional governor
Apostolos Tzitzikostas (since 2013, elected 2014 & 2019)
Decentralized Administration
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