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| {{Short description|World War I commemorations in 2014}} | |||
| The centenary of the outbreak of ] was commemorated in Europe in late July and early August 2014. A century earlier, the ] had culminated in Austria-Hungary declaring war on Serbia on 28 July 1914. Over the following days and weeks, this and the invasion of Luxembourg and Belgium by Germany, led to a succession of other declarations of war that drew the great European powers into a worldwide conflict. A century later, governments in Europe held a series of official commemorative events to mark the occasion. | |||
| {{Use dmy dates|date=September 2022}} | |||
| {{Infobox event | |||
| |title=Centenary of the outbreak of World War I | |||
| |image=Reims commémore ses héros 06664.JPG | |||
| |Image_Caption=Balloon release at the Reims War Memorial in the Place de la République. | |||
| |date={{start and end dates|2014|07|28|2014|08|04|df=yes}} | |||
| |partof=the ]}} | |||
| The '''centenary of the outbreak of World War I''' occurred in the summer of 2014, with events in several European and Commonwealth countries. It marked the beginning of a ] commemorating the war. | |||
| ==Background== | |||
| {{See also|July Crisis}} | |||
| The ], which occurred after ] of ], had culminated in ] declaring war on the ], which Austria-Hungary blamed for the assassination, on 28 July 1914. Over the following days and weeks, this action and the invasion of ] and ] by the ] led to a succession of other declarations of war that drew the major European powers into a ]. | |||
| ==Hartmannswillerkopf== | ==Hartmannswillerkopf== | ||
| On 3 August 2014, the centenary of Germany's declaration of war on France was marked by French President ] and German President ], who together laid the first stone of a new joint memorial at ] for French and German soldiers killed in the war. Over 30,000 soldiers from both sides died in the fighting here at the ]. The site, in the Vosges mountains of Alsace in France, is the location of a cemetery and a crypt containing the ashes of 12,000 unknown soldiers. The presidents observed a minute's silence in the crypt.<ref>{{cite news|last=Huggler|first=Justin|newspaper=The Telegraph|title=French and German presidents hold joint First World War ceremony in Alsace|date=8 August 2014|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/history/world-war-one/11008886/French-and-German-presidents-hold-joint-First-World-War-ceremony-in-Alsace.html|accessdate=8 August 2014}}</ref> | On 3 August 2014, the centenary of Germany's declaration of war on France was marked by ] ] and ] ], who together laid the first stone of a new joint memorial at ] for French and German soldiers killed in the war. Over 30,000 soldiers from both sides died in the fighting here at the ]. The site, in the Vosges mountains of ] in France, is the location of a cemetery and a crypt containing the ashes of 12,000 unknown soldiers. The presidents observed a minute's silence in the crypt.<ref>{{cite news|last=Huggler|first=Justin|newspaper=The Daily Telegraph|title=French and German presidents hold joint First World War ceremony in Alsace|date=8 August 2014|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/history/world-war-one/11008886/French-and-German-presidents-hold-joint-First-World-War-ceremony-in-Alsace.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140804024523/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/history/world-war-one/11008886/French-and-German-presidents-hold-joint-First-World-War-ceremony-in-Alsace.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=4 August 2014|accessdate=8 August 2014}}</ref> | ||
| == Canadian events == | |||
| The centenary of the First World War was commemorated in ] on 3 August 2014, the date of the German declaration of war on France. A wreath-laying ceremony was held at the ], before continuing at the ]. During the ceremony, Prime Minister ] announced the permanent extension of the ] sentry hours, from ] to ].<ref name="CTV">{{cite web |last=Chan |first=Emily |date=4 August 2014 |title=Canadians stop to remember 100th anniversary of First World War |url=http://www.ctvnews.ca/canada/canadians-stop-to-remember-100th-anniversary-of-first-world-war-1.1945332 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140812212840/http://www.ctvnews.ca/canada/canadians-stop-to-remember-100th-anniversary-of-first-world-war-1.1945332 |archive-date=12 August 2014 |access-date=13 August 2014 |work=CTVNews.ca |publisher=Bell Media}}</ref> | |||
| Other tributes were also held in ], where lights were shut off at major landmarks, and an ecumenical service at the ] in ].<ref name="CTV" /> The event was also commemorated in ] in an event organised by the tourism office for ], where a group of men in newsboy costumes distributed fictitious historical newspaper describing the major events of the war.<ref>{{cite web |date=4 August 2014 |title='Extra, extra': Old-timey newsboys hand out 1914 papers in Toronto to commemorate start of Great War |url=http://news.nationalpost.com/2014/08/04/extra-extra-old-timey-newsboys-hand-out-1914-papers-in-toronto-to-commemorate-start-of-great-war/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20140813084059/http://news.nationalpost.com/2014/08/04/extra-extra-old-timey-newsboys-hand-out-1914-papers-in-toronto-to-commemorate-start-of-great-war/ |archive-date=13 August 2014 |access-date=13 August 2014 |work=National Post |publisher=Postmedia Network Inc}}</ref> The centenary of the war was also the theme of the 93rd annual Warrior's Day Parade, held on 10 August at Toronto's ].<ref>{{cite news |last=Connor |first=Kevin |date=10 August 2014 |title=Warrior's Day Parade commemorates WWI anniversary |url=http://www.torontosun.com/2014/08/10/warriors-day-parade-commemorates-wwi-anniversary |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140813192339/http://www.torontosun.com/2014/08/10/warriors-day-parade-commemorates-wwi-anniversary |archive-date=13 August 2014 |access-date=13 August 2014 |newspaper=Toronto Sun |publisher=Canoe Sun Media}}</ref> | |||
| ==Allied memorial at Liège== | ==Allied memorial at Liège== | ||
| On the morning of 4 August 2014, leaders and representatives of 83 countries gathered at the |
On the morning of 4 August 2014, leaders and representatives of 83 countries gathered at the ] on the outskirts of Liège to commemorate the invasion of Belgium by Germany and the ].<ref name="WSJ">{{cite news |last=Robinson |first=Frances |date=4 August 2014 |title=World War I Centenary Marked in Liège |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/world-war-i-centenary-marked-in-liege-1407146650 |newspaper=The Wall Street Journal |accessdate=8 August 2014 }}</ref> Representing Belgium were ] and ], together with the Presidents of France and Germany, François Hollande and ]. Representatives were present from the United Kingdom, the United States, Spain, Italy, Ireland, Serbia, Romania and the European Commission. Speeches were given by King Philippe, Hollande, Gauck, and ]. The commemoration culminated in the laying of a wreath of white roses at the memorial by King Philippe.<ref name="WSJ"/> | ||
| ==Saint Symphorien cemetery== | ==Saint Symphorien cemetery== | ||
| On the evening of 4 August 2014, a commemorative event was held at ] in Belgium.<ref name="Guardian">{{cite news |last=Henley |first=Jon |date=4 August 2014 |title=Europe's leaders hail ties of peace as they mark first world war centenary |url= |
On the evening of 4 August 2014, a commemorative event was held at ] in Belgium.<ref name="Guardian">{{cite news |last=Henley |first=Jon |date=4 August 2014 |title=Europe's leaders hail ties of peace as they mark first world war centenary |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/aug/04/europe-leaders-hail-ties-peace-mark-centenary-first-world-war |newspaper=The Guardian |accessdate=8 August 2014 }}</ref> Originally built by the Germans during the war, and containing both German and British graves, this cemetery is now maintained by the ]. The commemorative event here marked the losses at the ]. Those attending the event and ceremony included King Philippe and Queen Mathilde representing Belgium. Representing the United Kingdom were Prince William, ] and ]. Politicians present included German President ], Belgian Prime Minister ], and British Prime Minister ]. Also present was ], the Archbishop of Canterbury. The event was broadcast on television by the ], with narration by historian ], accompanied with readings, music and poetry about the history of the war.<ref name="Guardian"/> Wreath-laying and a silence was followed by the playing of ]. | ||
| ] display in London at the ]]] | |||
| ==Westminster Abbey== | ==Westminster Abbey== | ||
| The final event of commemoration on 4 August 2014 was held in London at ], with a service and a candlelit vigil.<ref name="BBC">{{cite web |date=5 August 2014 |title='Lights Out' ends day of WW1 centenary commemorations |url= |
The final event of commemoration on 4 August 2014 was held in ] at ], with a service and a ].<ref name="BBC">{{cite web |date=5 August 2014 |title='Lights Out' ends day of WW1 centenary commemorations |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-28632223 |publisher=BBC News |accessdate=8 August 2014 }}</ref> This was part of the ']' event inspired by the words of ], foreign secretary during the outbreak of the war: "]; we shall not see them lit again in our lifetime." Those present at the service included ], the Deputy Prime Minister ] and Labour leader ]. The culmination of the service was a vigil at the Tomb of ].<ref name="BBC"/> Part of the same 'Lights Out' event was the ], with 49 beams of light rising above London from ] to mark the centenary of the entry of Britain into the war.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-28655977 |title=WW1 centenary: Column of light illuminates London commemoration |publisher=BBC News |date=5 August 2014|accessdate=8 August 2014}}</ref> | ||
| == |
==Tower of London== | ||
| Between 5 August (the centenary of the first full day of the war) and 11 November (]) 2014 at the ], a ceramic poppy was planted for each British and Commonwealth soldier who died, making up the artwork titled '']''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hrp.org.uk/tower-of-london/history-and-stories/tower-of-london-remembers/|title=Tower of London remembers|website=Historic Royal Palaces|accessdate=2 April 2023}}</ref> | |||
| ⚫ | {{Reflist|2}} |
||
| ==See also== | ==See also== | ||
| *] | *] | ||
| *] | |||
| ==References== | |||
| ⚫ | {{Reflist|2}} | ||
| ==External links== | ==External links== | ||
| * (The Independent) | * (The Independent) | ||
| * (BBC News) | * (BBC News) | ||
| {{World War I |collapsed}} | |||
| ] | ] | ||
| ] | ] | ||
| ] | ] | ||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
Latest revision as of 15:26, 8 September 2024
World War I commemorations in 2014
| Part of the First World War centenary | |
 Balloon release at the Reims War Memorial in the Place de la République. | |
| Date | 28 July – 4 August 2014 (2014-07-28 – 2014-08-04) |
|---|---|
The centenary of the outbreak of World War I occurred in the summer of 2014, with events in several European and Commonwealth countries. It marked the beginning of a wider four year centenary period commemorating the war.
Background
See also: July CrisisThe July Crisis, which occurred after the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, had culminated in Austria-Hungary declaring war on the Kingdom of Serbia, which Austria-Hungary blamed for the assassination, on 28 July 1914. Over the following days and weeks, this action and the invasion of Luxembourg and Belgium by the German Empire led to a succession of other declarations of war that drew the major European powers into a worldwide conflict.
Hartmannswillerkopf
On 3 August 2014, the centenary of Germany's declaration of war on France was marked by French President François Hollande and German President Joachim Gauck, who together laid the first stone of a new joint memorial at Hartmannswillerkopf for French and German soldiers killed in the war. Over 30,000 soldiers from both sides died in the fighting here at the Battle of Hartmannswillerkopf. The site, in the Vosges mountains of Alsace in France, is the location of a cemetery and a crypt containing the ashes of 12,000 unknown soldiers. The presidents observed a minute's silence in the crypt.
Canadian events
The centenary of the First World War was commemorated in Canada on 3 August 2014, the date of the German declaration of war on France. A wreath-laying ceremony was held at the National War Memorial, before continuing at the Canadian War Museum. During the ceremony, Prime Minister Stephen Harper announced the permanent extension of the Ceremonial Guard's sentry hours, from Vimy Ridge Day to Remembrance Day.
Other tributes were also held in Halifax, where lights were shut off at major landmarks, and an ecumenical service at the Basilica of St. John the Baptist in St. John's. The event was also commemorated in Toronto in an event organised by the tourism office for Flanders, where a group of men in newsboy costumes distributed fictitious historical newspaper describing the major events of the war. The centenary of the war was also the theme of the 93rd annual Warrior's Day Parade, held on 10 August at Toronto's Canadian National Exhibition.
Allied memorial at Liège
On the morning of 4 August 2014, leaders and representatives of 83 countries gathered at the Interallied Memorial of Cointe on the outskirts of Liège to commemorate the invasion of Belgium by Germany and the Battle of Liège. Representing Belgium were Philippe, King of the Belgians and Queen Mathilde, together with the Presidents of France and Germany, François Hollande and Joachim Gauck. Representatives were present from the United Kingdom, the United States, Spain, Italy, Ireland, Serbia, Romania and the European Commission. Speeches were given by King Philippe, Hollande, Gauck, and Prince William, Duke of Cambridge. The commemoration culminated in the laying of a wreath of white roses at the memorial by King Philippe.
Saint Symphorien cemetery
On the evening of 4 August 2014, a commemorative event was held at St Symphorien cemetery in Belgium. Originally built by the Germans during the war, and containing both German and British graves, this cemetery is now maintained by the Commonwealth War Graves Commission. The commemorative event here marked the losses at the Battle of Mons. Those attending the event and ceremony included King Philippe and Queen Mathilde representing Belgium. Representing the United Kingdom were Prince William, Catherine, Duchess of Cambridge and Prince Harry. Politicians present included German President Joachim Gauck, Belgian Prime Minister Elio Di Rupo, and British Prime Minister David Cameron. Also present was Justin Welby, the Archbishop of Canterbury. The event was broadcast on television by the British Broadcasting Corporation, with narration by historian Dan Snow, accompanied with readings, music and poetry about the history of the war. Wreath-laying and a silence was followed by the playing of The Last Post.
Westminster Abbey
The final event of commemoration on 4 August 2014 was held in London at Westminster Abbey, with a service and a candlelit vigil. This was part of the 'Lights Out' event inspired by the words of Sir Edward Grey, foreign secretary during the outbreak of the war: "The lamps are going out all over Europe; we shall not see them lit again in our lifetime." Those present at the service included Camilla, Duchess of Cornwall, the Deputy Prime Minister Nick Clegg and Labour leader Ed Miliband. The culmination of the service was a vigil at the Tomb of The Unknown Warrior. Part of the same 'Lights Out' event was the Spectra installation, with 49 beams of light rising above London from Victoria Tower Gardens to mark the centenary of the entry of Britain into the war.
Tower of London
Between 5 August (the centenary of the first full day of the war) and 11 November (Remembrance Day) 2014 at the Tower of London, a ceramic poppy was planted for each British and Commonwealth soldier who died, making up the artwork titled Blood Swept Lands and Seas of Red.
See also
References
- Huggler, Justin (8 August 2014). "French and German presidents hold joint First World War ceremony in Alsace". The Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on 4 August 2014. Retrieved 8 August 2014.
- ^ Chan, Emily (4 August 2014). "Canadians stop to remember 100th anniversary of First World War". CTVNews.ca. Bell Media. Archived from the original on 12 August 2014. Retrieved 13 August 2014.
- "'Extra, extra': Old-timey newsboys hand out 1914 papers in Toronto to commemorate start of Great War". National Post. Postmedia Network Inc. 4 August 2014. Archived from the original on 13 August 2014. Retrieved 13 August 2014.
- Connor, Kevin (10 August 2014). "Warrior's Day Parade commemorates WWI anniversary". Toronto Sun. Canoe Sun Media. Archived from the original on 13 August 2014. Retrieved 13 August 2014.
- ^ Robinson, Frances (4 August 2014). "World War I Centenary Marked in Liège". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 8 August 2014.
- ^ Henley, Jon (4 August 2014). "Europe's leaders hail ties of peace as they mark first world war centenary". The Guardian. Retrieved 8 August 2014.
- ^ "'Lights Out' ends day of WW1 centenary commemorations". BBC News. 5 August 2014. Retrieved 8 August 2014.
- "WW1 centenary: Column of light illuminates London commemoration". BBC News. 5 August 2014. Retrieved 8 August 2014.
- "Tower of London remembers". Historic Royal Palaces. Retrieved 2 April 2023.
External links
- Germany's Great War commemorations are filled with shame (The Independent)
- Scotland commemorates World War One centenary (BBC News)