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{{For|buildings of the same name|Stratford House (disambiguation){{!}}Stratford House}}
{{Use British English|date=May 2014}} {{Use British English|date=May 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2014}} {{Use dmy dates|date=May 2014}}


{{Infobox noble house
[[File:Stratford Coat of Arms.jpeg|thumb|'''The Historic Stratford Coat of Arms'''
|surname = Stratford
Barruly of ten Argent and Azure, a Lion Rampant Gules.<ref>Stratford, Gerald "A History of the Stratford Family" Chapter 2. The Stratford Family Heraldry. </ref>]]
|native_name =
|native_name_lang =
|other_name =
|coat of arms = ]
|image_size =
|alt =
|caption = Stratford coat of arms
|type = Noble House
|country = United Kingdom and Ireland
|estates =
|parent house = possibly the ]
|titles =
*]
*]
*]
*]
*]
|styles =
|founded = {{Start date and age|1245}}
|founder = Robert de Stratford
|final ruler =
|current head =
|motto = Virtuti Nihil Obstat Et Armis
|motto_lang = Latin
|motto_trans = Nothing Withstands Valour and Arms
|dissolution =
|deposition =
|cadet branches =
*Stratford of Farmcote
*Stratford of Wessex
*Stratford of Bushley
*]
*Stratford of Wythall
*Stratford of Merevale
*Stratford of Overstone
*Stratford of Belan
|notes =
}}


The '''House of Stratford''' ({{IPAc-en|s|t|r|æ|t|f|ər|d}}) is a British aristocratic family, originating in ] between the eleventh and thirteenth centuries. The family has produced multiple titles, including ], ], ], ] and the ]. The ] and ] both claim descent from this House. Historic seats have included ] and ] in ], ] in ], Baltinglass Castle, Belan and Aldborough House in ], and ] in London, amongst many others. The house was at its most powerful in the fourteenth, sixteenth, and eighteenth centuries.
]
'''The Stratfords''' are an old ] family of England, either giving their name to, or taking it from, ] in the 12th century and traceable back to the ]. Since their establishment the Stratfords have spawned numerous religious, cultural and political leaders, multiple Bishops, Arch-Bishops, Viscountcies, Baronies and an Earldom.<ref>Stratford, Gerald "A History of the Stratford Family" Chapter 4. The Pedigree and Who Married Whom. </ref> Historic family seats have included Farmcote Manor and ] in ],<ref>Stratford, Gerald "A History of the Stratford Family" Chapter 6. Farmcote, The House, Manor, and Chapel. </ref> ] in ],<ref name=BH></ref> Baltinglass Castle,<ref name="genuki.org.uk">Stratford, Gerald "A History of the Stratford Family" Chapter 11. The Extinct Earldom. </ref> Belan House and Aldborough House in ], and ] in London.<ref name="ReferenceA">Stratford, Gerald "A History of the Stratford Family" Chapter 13. Belan, Aldborough, and Stratford House. </ref> They have links with numerous noble families, including the ], ], ], Throgmortons, ],<ref name="ReferenceB">Stratford, Gerald "A History of the Stratford Family" Chapter 5. The Tracys, Dugdales, Throgmortons and Overburys. </ref> and ].<ref name="genuki.org.uk"/> They were at their most powerful in the 14th and 18th centuries.


==Origins==
==The Norman Conquest and Earlier==
Though an 18th-century pedigree names the founder of the house as one ''Edvardus Stratford'' from an "illustrious ] family" in the 9th century,<ref>Stratford, Edward. , Dublin Castle Archives, C.1780</ref> and some researchers theorise the house descends from a cadet branch of the ] ] which came to England with ], indisputable descent begins with ''Robert de Stratford'', an original ] of ] in the 1200s. His children and nephews rose to positions of significant power and influence in the political and religious landscape of England in the fourteenth century, and originated all other branches of the family.<ref>Blomefield and Parkin ''An essay towards a topographical history of the county of Norfolk'' pp. 390</ref><ref>David Charles Douglas, Alec Reginald Myers "English historical documents. 4. . 1327 - 1485" p. 69</ref>
The Stratfords can trace early maternal lines into the De Monthault family (and through them to the ] Earls of ] and ]) and the Ceeley family (the head of their pedigree being the Norman Sire Ce Gaulle, who came over with ] in 1066).<ref name="ReferenceB">Stratford, Gerald "A History of the Stratford Family" Chapter 4. The Pedigree and Who Married Whom. </ref> An unreliable pedigree belonging to ] traces the family to an ancient Edvardus Stratford, progenitor of an "illustrious Saxon family",<ref></ref> whilst more recent genealogists have found origins with the Norman Sir Gualla de Lupella, who came to England with ] (and who counted Amiens in Normandy amongst his territory, hence the title of "Viscount Amiens" awarded to ] on 28 January 1777).<ref></ref><ref>http://boards.ancestry.co.uk/surnames.stratford/27.3.2.2/mb.ashx</ref><ref>http://archiver.rootsweb.ancestry.com/th/read/STRATFORD/2007-12/1196894856</ref>


The children and nephews of Robert de Stratford include:
==The Warwickshire Stratfords (13th-14th Century)==
Robert de Stratford, an original ] of ], is the earliest indisputably traceable member of the paternal Stratford line. His children and nephews rose to positions of power and influence in the political and religious landscape of England in the 14th century, and originated all other branches of the family.<ref>Blomefield and Parkin ''An essay towards a topographical history of the county of Norfolk'' pp. 390</ref><ref>David Charles Douglas, Alec Reginald Myers "English historical documents. 4. . 1327 - 1485" p. 69</ref>


* ''']''' (c.1275 - 1348), ], ], ], ] * ''']''' (c.1275 - 1348), ], ], ], ]
* ''']''' (c.1292 – 9 April 1362), ], ], ], ], ] * ''']''' (c.1292 – 9 April 1362), ], ], ], ], ]
* '''Thomas de Stratford''', Dean of Gloucester
* '''Stephen de Stratford''', progenitor of the ''Stratfords of Farmcote''
* ''']''' Greater Clerk of the ] under ] * ''']''' Greater Clerk of the ] under ]
* ''']''' (died June 12, 1396) ] of ], ], ] * ''']''' (died 12 June 1396) ] of ], ], ]
* ''']''' (c. 1300-1354), also known as Ralph Hatton of Stratford, ] * ''']''' (c. 1300-1354), also known as Ralph Hatton of Stratford, ]
* ''']''' (died 1399), ] and landowner * ''']''' (died 30 November 1378), landowner and verderer, progenitor of the ''Stratfords of Wessex''


===The Stratfords of Merevale (17th-18th Century)=== ===The Stratfords of Farmcote===
].]]
The Manor of ] in north Warwickshire (including the original ] and estate) was purchased in the mid 17th century by Edward Stratford (died 1665).
<ref name="genuki.org.uk">Stratford, Gerald "A History of the Stratford Family" Chapter 11. The Extinct Earldom. </ref>
Having established himself, Edward settled the sum of £500 on his younger brother Robert in order to fund his starting a life in Ireland.<ref name="ReferenceB"/> Robert settled at Baltinglass Castle and went on to sire the ], and a close relationship between the Merevale and the Irish branch was maintained until the extinction.<ref>Cradock, Joseph "Literary and miscellaneous memoirs, Volume 1" pp. 23-24</ref>

In 1749 the property was inherited by Penelope Bate Stratford (the daughter and co-heiress of Francis Stratford of Merevale) who married into the (now) ], who still possess the estate.<ref name="genuki.org.uk">Stratford, Gerald "A History of the Stratford Family" Chapter 11. The Extinct Earldom. </ref>

====The Stratford Dugdales & Dugdale Baronets====
In 1749 ] was inherited by Edward's eventual descendant Penelope Bate Stratford (the daughter and co-heiress of Francis Stratford of Merevale) who married William Geast. William Geast took the surname of his Uncle, John Dugdale, and their child was Dugdale Stratford Dugdale who married the honourable Charlotte Curzon, daughter of ] of the (now) ].<ref>The Peerage entry for </ref> Their son William Stratford Dugdale had a son also named William Stratford Dugdale who had a son named William Francis Stratford Dugdale, who came to be the 1st Baronet.<ref>The Peerage entry for </ref> The ] estate has descended through to his son and the present incumbent ] of the ].<ref name="genuki.org.uk">Stratford, Gerald "A History of the Stratford Family" Chapter 11. The Extinct Earldom. </ref>

* Sir '''William Francis Stratford Dugdale''', 1st Baronet (1872-1965)
* Sir ''']''', 2nd Baronet (born 1922)
* The heir apparent to the Baronetcy is '''William Matthew Stratford Dugdale''', born 22 Feb 1959; the only male issue of the 2nd Baronet's first marriage
* ''']''' FRSA (born 1974), British documentary film-maker, male isse of the 2nd Baronet's second marriage

==The Gloucestershire Stratfords==
] ]
It was ] of the original Warwickshire Stratfords who first moved the family's interests to Gloucestershire, holding the post of ]. Stephen de Stratford, Kinsman to Thomas and ], was the father of another John Stratford who, in 1320, became a member of parliament for Gloucestershire, where the Stratfords had been granted Lordship of the Manor of Farmcote, Hawling and Temple Guiting in 1314. His son was raised to the knighthood as Sir Stephen Stratford,<ref>Thomas Dudley Fosbroke, "Companion to the Wye tour. Ariconensia; or, Archæological sketches of Ross and Archenfield: illustrative of the campaigns of Caractacus; the station Ariconium, &c., with other matters" pp. 165-166</ref> and this branch of the family became resident at the ancient, feudal Farmcote Manor House following the dissolution of ] in 1539. This branch were cousins to ], and involved in the establishment of the ] in 1612.<ref name="genuki.org.uk">Stratford, Gerald "A History of the Stratford Family" Chapter 9. The Cotswold Games, The Dovers and Stratford. </ref> A ] branch of Stratfords, founded by ''Stephen de Stratford'', were granted Lordship of the Manors of Farmcote, Hawling and Temple Guiting in 1314. His son, John Stratford, in 1320 became a member of parliament for Gloucestershire, and his son was raised to the knighthood as Sir Stephen Stratford.<ref>Thomas Dudley Fosbroke, "Companion to the Wye tour. Ariconensia; or, Archæological sketches of Ross and Archenfield: illustrative of the campaigns of Caractacus; the station Ariconium, &c., with other matters" pp. 165-166</ref> Sir Stephen married Elizabeth Monthault, descendant of ], and all later cadet branches stem from this union. Following the dissolution of ] in 1539 this branch took Farmcote Manor House as their seat. This line were cousins to ], and involved in the establishment of the ] in 1612.<ref name="genuki.org.uk9">Stratford, Gerald "A History of the Stratford Family" Chapter 9. The Cotswold Games, The Dovers and Stratford. </ref>


The Farmcote and Hawling estates were sold in 1756, by sons of Walter Stratford, though part of Farmcote Manor still stands, and Stratford tombs, arms and effigies can be found in the estate chapel there.<ref name="genuki.org.uk">Stratford, Gerald "A History of the Stratford Family" Chapter 6. Farmcote, The House, Manor, and Chapel. </ref> The Farmcote and Hawling estates were sold in 1756, by sons of Walter Stratford, though part of Farmcote Manor still stands, and Stratford tombs, arms and effigies can be found in the estate chapel there.<ref name="genuki.org.uk6">Stratford, Gerald "A History of the Stratford Family" Chapter 6. Farmcote, The House, Manor, and Chapel. </ref>

Descendants of the Farmcote Stratfords were still recorded living in the area during the time from 1841 to 1900 census.


Notable members of this line include: Notable members of this line include:


* '''Stephen de Stratford''', progenitor of the ''Stratfords of Farmcote'', family of John de Stratford
* '''John Stratford''', member of parliament for Gloucestershire, 1320 * '''John Stratford''', member of parliament for Gloucestershire, 1320
* Sir '''Stephen Stratford''', knight of the realm * Sir '''Stephen Stratford''', knight of the realm
* '''Thomas de Stratford''' (died 12 June 1396) ] of ], ], ]
* ''']''' (c.1582-c.1634) Merchant and entrepreneur, a significant grower of tobacco in the Cotswolds
* ''']''' (c.1582-c.1634) Merchant and entrepreneur, a significant grower of tobacco in the Cotswolds


==The Wessex Stratfords== ===The Stratfords of Wessex===
Andrew de Stratford, a nephew of John de Stratford and friend of William of Wykeham, moved to the Wessex area as part of his uncle's ] when he became Bishop of Winchester.<ref>Francis Blomefield, , in An Essay Towards A Topographical History of the County of Norfolk: Volume 5 (London, 1806), pp. 387-405, accessed 11 February 2016.</ref> Acquiring land in the New Forest, Hampshire, Wiltshire and Berkshire, Andrew married a certain Christine and founded a cadet branch of Stratfords, descendants of which remain in Hampshire, Wiltshire, and Berkshire to this day.<ref>, CIPM 19 - Part VI. ''Institute of Historical Research''</ref><ref></ref>
The Stratford's interests in Wessex stem from 1323, when ] took the position of ] (bringing with him his brother ] as part of his ] and eventually installing him as ]). Their Kinsman ], a senior clerk, soon amassed a great deal of property in Hampshire, Wiltshire, Dorset and the Isle of Wight,<ref>Abstracts of Wiltshire Inquisitions Post Mortem "Vol. 48, Pt. 3 (1914) 1327-1377" p. 381</ref> eventually leaving church service and taking a wife (Christine). His estate passed through to relatives in the area, and the Wessex branch of the Stratford family (based mainly in Hampshire, with strands in the Isle of Wight and Berkshire) continued into modernity as yeomen, blacksmiths and rural landowners.<ref>"57M76/E/T13" 76057 - Barton Stacey, Odiham etc medieval deeds (photocopies) </ref>


===The Stratfords of Merevale===
Notable members of this line include:
].]]
The Manor of ] in north Warwickshire (including the original ] and estate) was purchased in the mid-seventeenth century by ''Edward Stratford'' (died 1665), 9x great grandson of Sir Stephen de Stratford of Farmcote.
<ref name=BH></ref> In 1749 the property was inherited by Penelope Bate Stratford (the daughter and co-heiress of Francis Stratford of Merevale) who married into the (now) ], who still possess the estate.<ref name="genuki.org.uk11">Stratford, Gerald "A History of the Stratford Family" Chapter 11. The Extinct Earldom. </ref>


====The Stratford Dugdales and Dugdale baronets====
* '''James Stratford''', Georgian Theatre Manager<ref>"Petitions of James Stratford, theatre manager, for renewal of licence" NBC/18/7. 1807-1808. held at the Isle of Wight Records Office.</ref>
In 1749 ] was inherited by Edward's eventual descendant ''Penelope Bate Stratford'' (the daughter and co-heiress of Francis Stratford of Merevale) who married William Geast. William Geast took the surname of his Uncle, John Dugdale, and their child was Dugdale Stratford Dugdale who married the honourable Charlotte Curzon, daughter of ] of the (now) ].<ref>The Peerage entry for </ref> Their son William Stratford Dugdale had a son also named William Stratford Dugdale who had a son named William Francis Stratford Dugdale, who came to be the 1st Baronet.<ref>The Peerage entry for </ref> The ] estate has descended to the present incumbent, his grandson ] of the ] thus:<ref name="genuki.org.uk11" />
* '''Graham Stratford''', the first Town Mayor of ]<ref>. The Alton Society, Hampshire</ref>
* ''']''', Shakespearean Actor-Manager and Stuntman
* '''Sir ]''' {{post-nominals|KCMG}} (born 26 July 1955), ] ] and senior ], the current Chief of the ] (MI6) ''(descent through maternal grandmother, Emily Stratford)''<ref></ref>


* Sir '''William Francis Stratford Dugdale''', 1st Baronet (1872-1965)
==The Irish Stratfords & Earls of Aldborough (18th-19th Century)==
* Sir ''']''', 2nd Baronet (1922-2014)
* Sir '''William Matthew Stratford Dugdale''', 3rd Baronet, (born 22 February 1959); the only male issue of the 2nd Baronet's first marriage
* ''']''' FRSA (born 1974), British documentary film-maker, male issue of the 2nd Baronet's second marriage
* '''Eric Stratford Dugdale''', (born 18 May 2001), heir apparent to the baronetcy, son of Sir William Stratford Dugdale, 3rd Baronet

==The Earls of Aldborough==
] between 1792 and 1798]] ] between 1792 and 1798]]
]
A later branch of the family extended from ] and into Ireland, where they went on to enter the ] as ''']''', of the Palatinate of Upper Ormond. The title was created on 9 February 1777, along with the subsidiary title '''Viscount Amiens''', for ].<ref>{{ LondonGazette | issue = 11739 | startpage = 1 | date = 25 January 1777 | accessdate = 8 May 2009 }}</ref> He had already been created '''Baron Baltinglass''', of Baltinglass, in the County of Wicklow,<ref>{{ LondonGazette | issue = 10311 | startpage = 1 | date = 7 May 1763 | accessdate = 8 May 2009 }}</ref> on 21 May 1763, and '''Viscount Aldborough''', of the Palatinate of Upper Ormond,<ref>{{ LondonGazette | issue = 11679 | startpage = 1 | date = 29 June 1776 | accessdate = 8 May 2009 }}</ref> on 22 July 1776. These titles were also in the Peerage of Ireland. Three of his sons, the second, third and fourth Earls, all succeeded in the titles. They became extinct on the death of the latter's grandson, the sixth Earl, in 1875. Their seats were Belan House, Aldborough House, Baltinglass Castle and ].


''Edward Stratford'' of Merevale Hall settled the sum of £500 on his younger brother ''Robert Stratford'' to establish a line in Ireland.<ref name="ReferenceB">Stratford, Gerald "A History of the Stratford Family" Chapter 5. The Tracys, Dugdales, Throgmortons and Overburys. </ref> Robert settled at Baltinglass Castle, and his grandson entered the ] as ''']''', of the Palatinate of Upper Ormond. The title was created on 9 February 1777, along with the subsidiary title '''Viscount Amiens''', for ].<ref>{{ London Gazette | issue = 11739 |page=1 | date = 25 January 1777 }}</ref> He had already been created '''Baron Baltinglass''', of Baltinglass, in the County of Wicklow,<ref>{{ London Gazette | issue = 10311 |page=1 | date = 7 May 1763 }}</ref> on 21 May 1763, and '''Viscount Aldborough''', of the Palatinate of Upper Ormond,<ref>{{ London Gazette | issue = 11679 |page=1 | date = 29 June 1776 }}</ref> on 22 July 1776. These titles were also in the Peerage of Ireland. Three of his sons, the second, third and fourth Earls, all succeeded in the titles. They became extinct on the death of the latter's grandson, the sixth Earl, in 1875. Their seats were Belan House, Aldborough House, Baltinglass Castle and ]. and went on to sire the ].<ref>Cradock, Joseph "Literary and miscellaneous memoirs, Volume 1" pp. 23-24</ref>
* '''Robert Stratford''' (of the ])

* '''Edward Stratford''', supporter of William of Orange<ref>J. Nichols "A biographical peerage of Ireland, in which are memoirs and characters of the most celebrated persons of each family" pp. 107-108</ref> (who refused a peerage offered by ]) <ref>The Peerage entry for </ref>
Notable Stratfords of Baltinglass include:

* '''Robert Stratford''' (of the Merevale Stratfords)
* '''Edward Stratford''', supporter of William of Orange,<ref>J. Nichols "A biographical peerage of Ireland, in which are memoirs and characters of the most celebrated persons of each family" pp. 107-108</ref> refused a peerage offered by ]<ref>The Peerage entry for </ref>
* ''']''', 1st Earl of Aldborough (c. 1691–1777) * ''']''', 1st Earl of Aldborough (c. 1691–1777)
* ''']''', 2nd Earl of Aldborough (d. 1801) * ''']''', 2nd Earl of Aldborough (d. 1801)
Line 73: Line 109:
* Captain '''Benjamin O'Neale Stratford''', 6th Earl of Aldborough (1808–1875) * Captain '''Benjamin O'Neale Stratford''', 6th Earl of Aldborough (1808–1875)


===The Stratford Cannings & Viscount Stratford de Redcliffe=== ===The Stratford Cannings and Viscount Stratford de Redcliffe===
Abigail Stratford was the daughter of Robert Stratford, progenitor of the ]. In 1697 she married George Canning,<ref>The Peerage entry for </ref> and in 1703 they had a son, named Stratford Canning. He had a son sometime after 1734, also named Stratford Canning, who had a son in 1786, also named Stratford Canning, who was created 1st Viscount Stratford de Redcliffe on 24 April 1852.<ref>The Peerage entry for </ref> ''Abigail Stratford'' was the daughter of ''Robert Stratford'', progenitor of the Irish Stratfords. In 1697 she married George Canning,<ref>The Peerage entry for </ref> and in 1703 they had a son, named Stratford Canning. He had a son sometime after 1734, also named Stratford Canning, who had a son in 1786, also named Stratford Canning, who was created 1st Viscount Stratford de Redcliffe on 24 April 1852.<ref>The Peerage entry for </ref>


* ''']''', 1st Viscount Stratford de Redcliffe ] ] ] (1786–1880), a diplomat and politician, best known as the longtime ] * ''']''', 1st Viscount Stratford de Redcliffe ] ] ] (1786–1880), a diplomat and politician, best known as the longtime ]


===The Wingfield-Stratfords & Viscount Powerscourt=== ===The Wingfield-Stratfords, Viscount Powerscourt, and Baron Wrottesley===
Lady Amelia Stratford was the daughter of ]. On the 7th September 1760 she married Richard Wingfield, 3rd ], and took his name; it is from this maternal Stratford lineage that the current ] descends.<ref>The Peerage entry for </ref> Lady ''Amelia Stratford'' was the daughter of ]. On 7 September 1760 she married Richard Wingfield, 3rd ], and took his name; it is from this maternal Stratford lineage that the current ] descends.<ref>The Peerage entry for </ref>


The Stratford descendant Viscounts Powerscourt are as follows: The Stratford descendant Viscounts Powerscourt are as follows:
Line 89: Line 125:
* ''']''', 8th Viscount Powerscourt (1880–1947) * ''']''', 8th Viscount Powerscourt (1880–1947)
* '''Mervyn Patrick Wingfield''', 9th Viscount Powerscourt (1905–1973) * '''Mervyn Patrick Wingfield''', 9th Viscount Powerscourt (1905–1973)
* '''Mervyn Niall Wingfield''', 10th Viscount Powerscourt (born 1935) * '''Mervyn Niall Wingfield''', 10th Viscount Powerscourt (1935-2015)
* The ] is the present holder's only son Hon. '''Mervyn Anthony Wingfield''' (born 1963). * '''Mervyn Anthony Wingfield''', 11th Viscount Powerscourt (born 1963)
* The heir presumptive to the viscountcy is a kinsman of the current holder, also a Stratford descendant: '''Richard David Noel Wingfield''' (born 1966), a great-great-great-grandson of the Rev. Hon. Edward Wingfield (1792-1874), the third son of the fourth Viscount. He has a son, Dylan.


When ] (Amelia's brother) died in 1801 he bequeathed the bulk of his estate to Amelia's grandson (his nephew, too junior to inherit the Powerscourt Viscountcy) on the proviso that he took back the Stratford name, thus becoming John Wingfield-Stratford in 1802.<ref name="genuki.org.uk">Stratford, Gerald "A History of the Stratford Family" Chapter 11. The Extinct Earldom. </ref> This line inherited ] in London, and Amelia lived there until her death in 1831. It was sold in 1832.<ref name="ReferenceA"/> When ] (Amelia's brother) died in 1801 he bequeathed the bulk of his estate to Amelia's grandson (his nephew, too junior to inherit the Powerscourt Viscountcy) on the proviso that he took back the Stratford name, thus becoming John Wingfield-Stratford in 1802.<ref name="genuki.org.uk11" /> This line inherited ] in London, and Amelia lived there until her death in 1831. It was sold in 1832.<ref name="ReferenceA">Stratford, Gerald "A History of the Stratford Family" Chapter 13. Belan, Aldborough, and Stratford House. </ref>


Notable Wingfield-Stratfords include: Notable Wingfield-Stratfords include:


* Brigadier-General ''']''' ], ] (1853–1939) a ] officer in the ] and an English international ] * Brigadier-General ''']''' ], ] (1853–1939) a ] officer in the ] and an English international ]
* ''']''' (1882–1971) an English historian, writer, mind-trainer, outdoorsman, patriot and ruralist * Captain ''']''' DSC (1882–1971) an English historian, writer, mind-trainer, outdoorsman, patriot and ruralist

Esmé Cecil's daughter (Roshnara) married ], and though they later divorced it was through issue of their marriage that the Barony descended:

* ''']''', 6th Baron Wrottesley (b. 1968), great-grandson of Esmé Cecil Wingfield-Stratford<ref>"The Peerage" entry for </ref>
* The heir apparent is the present holder's eldest son the Hon. '''Victor Wrottesley''' (born 2004)

==Stratford coats of arms==
There are two main variant coats of arms associated with the Stratford family, Type A (or "trinity") and Type B (or "lion"). Type A can be further divided into the "Trestle" and "Roundel" subtypes.<ref>Burke, John. "General Armoury of England, Ireland and Scotland" 1847</ref>

===Type A (trinity)===
The Type A (or "trinity") Stratford Coat of Arms is the oldest of the two, first associated with ] and his familia in the early 1300s. It can be divided into two broad subtypes; ], and ].<ref name="ReferenceD">Bedford, WK Riland. "The Blazon of Episcopacy" 1858</ref>

====Trestle====
<gallery class="center">
Stratford type A Trestle 1.jpeg|Gules, a fess humette between three trestles, or
Stratford type A Trestle 2.jpeg|Gules, a fess humette or, between three trestles, argent
Stratford type A Trestle 3.jpeg|Gules, a fess humette or, between two trestles, argent
Stratford type A Trestle 4.jpeg|Gules, a fess humette between three trestles, argent
</gallery>
The Trestle type is most closely associated with the original Warwickshire Bishops, the Hampshire Stratfords descended from ], and with ]. The design is consistently based around gules, a fess humette, surrounded by three trestles argent (sometimes or). Variants include colour of fess and trestles, and number of trestles.<ref name="ReferenceD"/>

In heraldry the trestle (also ''tressle, tressel'' and ''threstle'') as a ] is extremely rare, and known for symbolising ] (as historically the trestle was a tripod used both as a stool and a table support). The fess humette is apparently intended to represent a banqueting table, with the trestles gathered around.<ref name="ReferenceE">Guillim, John. "A Display of Heraldry" 1724</ref>

====Roundel====
<gallery class="center">
File:Stratford type A Rondel 1.jpeg|Or, a fess gules, between three torteaux
File:Stratford type A Rondel 2.jpeg|Argent, a fess gules, between three bezants
File:Stratford type A Rondel 3.jpeg|'''Irish'''<br>Argent, a fess between three hawks heads erased, gules
File:Stratford type A Rondel 4.jpeg|Gules, a fess argent, between three plates
File:Stratford type A Rondel 5.jpeg|Sable, a fess argent, between three plates
File:Stratford type A Rondel 6.jpeg|Per fess gules and sable, three plates
</gallery>
The Roundel type is associated solely with the medieval Bishops, and appears to be an archaic, simplified or corrupted version of the Trestle type. The design is consistently based around a fess, surrounded by three roundels. Variants include colour of fess, field and rondel.<ref name="ReferenceD"/>

A single example of a variant Roundel type surviving is in the later Irish recording of a shield in the name of Stratford: argent, a fess between three hawks heads erased, gules.<ref>Papworth, John W. & Morant, Alfred. "Ordinary of British Armorials" 1874</ref>

=====Streatfield=====
<gallery class="center">
File:Stratford type A Rondel 6.jpeg|'''Stratford'''<br>Per fess gules and sable, three plates
File:Streatfield CoA.jpeg|'''Streatfield'''<br>Per fess gules and sable, three bezants
</gallery>
The arms of the ], recorded in the sixteenth century, bear a striking resemblance to an attributed form of Stratford arms. This could be seen as evidence that the Streatfields, though their line cannot be traced beyond the 1500s, are in fact a branch of the Stratford family, the name having been corrupted at some point prior to the sixteenth century.<ref name="ReferenceE"/>

===Type B (lion)===
<gallery class="center">
File:Stratford type B 1.jpeg|Barruly of eight, argent and azure, a lion rampant gules
File:Stratford type B 2.jpeg|Paly of eight, argent and azure, a lion rampant gules
File:Stratford type B 3.jpeg|Barruly of five, azure and argent, a lion rampant ruby
File:Stratford type B 4.jpeg|Barruly of ten, argent and azure, a lion rampant gules, langued or
File:Stratford type B 5.jpeg|Barruly of ten, argent and azure, a lion rampant, or
File:Stratford type B 6.jpeg|Barruly of ten, or and gules, a lion rampant, argent
</gallery>

The Type B Stratford Coat of Arms was first recorded by the Heralds Visitations to Gloucester of 1543, and since has been consistently based around a lion rampant, gules, on a barruly of ten, Argent and Azure. It is associated with the Gloucester, Merevale and Irish branches. Variations have included the addition of a crescent to denote a younger son, a change in the barruly number, change in langue colour, and in lion colour.<ref name="ReferenceC">Stratford, Gerald "A History of the Stratford Family" Chapter 2. The Stratford Family Heraldry</ref>

The Earls of Aldborough took supporters of human figures, a winged woman and armoured man, representing Fame and War. Officially: Dexter a Female figure, representing Fame, vested Ar, winged Or, in her right hand a trumpet gold, and in her left hand an olive branch vert, the sword belt Gules. Sinister, a man in complete armour Proper, garnished Or, spurs, sword, shield and spear of the last, sword belt Gules, holding in his right hand the spear, and upon his left arm the shield.

They also adopted the motto "Virtuti Nihil Obstat Et Armis" ''(Nothing Resists Valour and Arms)''.<ref name="ReferenceC"/>

====Luxembourg and Lusignan====
{{Main|Coat of arms of Luxembourg|House of Lusignan}}
<gallery class="center">
File:Coat of Arms of the House of Lusignan (Kings of Cyprus).svg|The Lusignan Coat of Arms, granted twelfth century
File:Arms of the Count of Luxembourg.svg|The Luxembourg Coat of Arms after 1288
File:Stratford type B 4.jpeg|The Stratford Type B Coat of Arms, first recorded 1543
File:The Stratford Coat of Arms (Irish, Earls of Aldborough).jpeg|The Aldborough Arms, with Supporters (eighteenth century)
</gallery>

The Stratford Type B Coat of Arms is remarkably similar to two other prominent Coats of Arms, an extremely unorthodox occurrence. The exact relationship to the arms of ] and of ] are unknown, if indeed any exists at all. Both bear (with some variation in number) a barruly of ten Argent and Azure, and both have a lion rampant gules - though often on these royal arms it is granted a crown (or), and the lion of Luxembourg bears a forked tail as difference. The similarity is too close to be dismissed satisfactorily as independent coincidence, and historians have generated various theories as to the connection between the houses and the arms, none conclusive.<ref>Péporté, Pit. "Constructing the Middle Ages: Historiography, Collective Memory and Nation-Building in Luxembourg" pp 80-93. BRILL. (2011)</ref>


==References== ==References==
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==Further reading== ==Further reading==
*{{cite book |last=Haines |first=Roy Martin |title=Archbishop John Stratford, Political Revolutionary and Champion of the Liberties of the English Church, ca.1275/80-1348 |place=Toronto |publisher=] |ISBN=0888440766 }} (1986, biography) * {{cite book |last=Haines |first=Roy Martin |title=Archbishop John Stratford, Political Revolutionary and Champion of the Liberties of the English Church, ca.1275/80-1348 |place=Toronto |publisher=] |isbn=0888440766 }} (1986, biography)
* Haines, Roy Martin. "Bishop John Stratford's Injunctions to his Cathedral Chapter and to other Benedictine Houses in Winchester", Revue bénédictine, t. 117 (2007), 154–80
*{{cite book |editor-last=Haines |editor-first=R.M. |title=The Register of John de Stratford, Bishop of Winchester, 1323-1333: Vol. I |series=] |volume=42 |place=Woking|isbn=9780902978171 }} (2010, historical records)
*{{cite book |editor-last=Haines |editor-first=R.M. |title=The Register of John de Stratford, Bishop of Winchester, 1323-1333: Vol. II |series=] |volume=43 |place=Woking |isbn=9780902978188 }} (2011, historical records) * {{cite book |editor-last=Haines |editor-first=R.M. |title=The Register of John de Stratford, Bishop of Winchester, 1323-1333: Vol. I |series=] |year=2010 |volume=42 |place=Woking|isbn=9780902978171 }} (2010, historical records)
* {{cite book |editor-last=Haines |editor-first=R.M. |title=The Register of John de Stratford, Bishop of Winchester, 1323-1333: Vol. II |series=] |volume=43 |place=Woking |isbn=9780902978188 }} (2011, historical records)
* Ethel M Richardson. "" Heath, Cranton limited (1928)
* Ronald W. Lightbown, ": Edward Augustus Stratford (1736-1801), 2nd Earl of Aldborough" OLL Editions in association with the Irish Georgian Society (2009) * Ronald W. Lightbown, ": Edward Augustus Stratford (1736-1801), 2nd Earl of Aldborough" OLL Editions in association with the Irish Georgian Society (2009)
* Ada K. Longfield (Mrs. H. G. Leask), '''' The Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland, Vol. 75, No. 1 (Mar., 1945), pp.&nbsp;24–31 (1945, regarding ], and his work in founding ]) * Ada K. Longfield (Mrs. H. G. Leask), '''' The Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland, Vol. 75, No. 1 (Mar., 1945), pp.&nbsp;24–31 (1945, regarding ], and his work in founding ])
* Martina Galvin, "" Blurb Self-Publishing (2011, Photobook) * Martina Galvin, "" Blurb Self-Publishing (2011, Photobook)
* Stanley Lane-Pool, '''' (1888, biography) * Stanley Lane-Pool, '''' (1888, biography)
* E. C. Wingfield-Stratford, ''Before the lamps went out'' (1946, autobiography) * E. C. Wingfield-Stratford, ''Before the lamps went out'' (1946, autobiography)

==External links==
* by Gerald Stratford (A partial history of the family written in 1988)
*
* (a genetic genealogy project for the surnames Stratford, Stafford, Spafford, Staford, Stowford, Strafford, and Styweard)



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Latest revision as of 17:11, 3 November 2023

For buildings of the same name, see Stratford House.

Stratford
Noble House
Stratford coat of arms
Parent housepossibly the House of Tosny
CountryUnited Kingdom and Ireland
Founded1245; 779 years ago (1245)
FounderRobert de Stratford
Titles
MottoVirtuti Nihil Obstat Et Armis
(Nothing Withstands Valour and Arms)
Cadet branches
  • Stratford of Farmcote
  • Stratford of Wessex
  • Stratford of Bushley
  • Streatfeild of Chiddingstone Castle
  • Stratford of Wythall
  • Stratford of Merevale
  • Stratford of Overstone
  • Stratford of Belan

The House of Stratford (/strætfərd/) is a British aristocratic family, originating in Stratford-on-Avon between the eleventh and thirteenth centuries. The family has produced multiple titles, including Earl of Aldborough, Viscount Amiens, Baron Baltinglass, Viscount Stratford de Redcliffe and the Dugdale Baronets. The Viscount Powerscourt and Baron Wrottesley both claim descent from this House. Historic seats have included Farmcote Manor and Stratford Park in Gloucester, Merevale Hall in Warwickshire, Baltinglass Castle, Belan and Aldborough House in Ireland, and Stratford House in London, amongst many others. The house was at its most powerful in the fourteenth, sixteenth, and eighteenth centuries.

Origins

Though an 18th-century pedigree names the founder of the house as one Edvardus Stratford from an "illustrious Anglo-Saxon family" in the 9th century, and some researchers theorise the house descends from a cadet branch of the Norman House of Tosny which came to England with William the Conqueror, indisputable descent begins with Robert de Stratford, an original burgess of Stratford-on-Avon in the 1200s. His children and nephews rose to positions of significant power and influence in the political and religious landscape of England in the fourteenth century, and originated all other branches of the family.

The children and nephews of Robert de Stratford include:

The Stratfords of Farmcote

Great Farmcote Manor The feudal manor house of the Farmcote Estate, historically the seat of the Gloucestershire Stratfords

A cadet branch of Stratfords, founded by Stephen de Stratford, were granted Lordship of the Manors of Farmcote, Hawling and Temple Guiting in 1314. His son, John Stratford, in 1320 became a member of parliament for Gloucestershire, and his son was raised to the knighthood as Sir Stephen Stratford. Sir Stephen married Elizabeth Monthault, descendant of Eustace de Montaut, and all later cadet branches stem from this union. Following the dissolution of Hailes Abbey in 1539 this branch took Farmcote Manor House as their seat. This line were cousins to Robert Dover, and involved in the establishment of the Cotswold Olimpick Games in 1612.

The Farmcote and Hawling estates were sold in 1756, by sons of Walter Stratford, though part of Farmcote Manor still stands, and Stratford tombs, arms and effigies can be found in the estate chapel there.

Descendants of the Farmcote Stratfords were still recorded living in the area during the time from 1841 to 1900 census.

Notable members of this line include:

The Stratfords of Wessex

Andrew de Stratford, a nephew of John de Stratford and friend of William of Wykeham, moved to the Wessex area as part of his uncle's familia when he became Bishop of Winchester. Acquiring land in the New Forest, Hampshire, Wiltshire and Berkshire, Andrew married a certain Christine and founded a cadet branch of Stratfords, descendants of which remain in Hampshire, Wiltshire, and Berkshire to this day.

The Stratfords of Merevale

Merevale Hall, Warwickshire now seat of the Dugdale Baronets.

The Manor of Merevale in north Warwickshire (including the original Merevale Hall and estate) was purchased in the mid-seventeenth century by Edward Stratford (died 1665), 9x great grandson of Sir Stephen de Stratford of Farmcote. In 1749 the property was inherited by Penelope Bate Stratford (the daughter and co-heiress of Francis Stratford of Merevale) who married into the (now) Dugdale baronets, who still possess the estate.

The Stratford Dugdales and Dugdale baronets

In 1749 Merevale Hall was inherited by Edward's eventual descendant Penelope Bate Stratford (the daughter and co-heiress of Francis Stratford of Merevale) who married William Geast. William Geast took the surname of his Uncle, John Dugdale, and their child was Dugdale Stratford Dugdale who married the honourable Charlotte Curzon, daughter of Assheton Curzon, 1st Viscount Curzon of the (now) Earls Howe. Their son William Stratford Dugdale had a son also named William Stratford Dugdale who had a son named William Francis Stratford Dugdale, who came to be the 1st Baronet. The Merevale estate has descended to the present incumbent, his grandson Sir William Matthew Stratford Dugdale, 3rd Bt of the Dugdale baronets thus:

  • Sir William Francis Stratford Dugdale, 1st Baronet (1872-1965)
  • Sir William Stratford Dugdale, 2nd Baronet (1922-2014)
  • Sir William Matthew Stratford Dugdale, 3rd Baronet, (born 22 February 1959); the only male issue of the 2nd Baronet's first marriage
  • Thomas Joshua Stratford Dugdale FRSA (born 1974), British documentary film-maker, male issue of the 2nd Baronet's second marriage
  • Eric Stratford Dugdale, (born 18 May 2001), heir apparent to the baronetcy, son of Sir William Stratford Dugdale, 3rd Baronet

The Earls of Aldborough

Aldborough House, Dublin Built by Edward Augustus Stratford (1736-1801), 2nd Earl of Aldborough between 1792 and 1798

Edward Stratford of Merevale Hall settled the sum of £500 on his younger brother Robert Stratford to establish a line in Ireland. Robert settled at Baltinglass Castle, and his grandson entered the peerage as Earls of Aldborough, of the Palatinate of Upper Ormond. The title was created on 9 February 1777, along with the subsidiary title Viscount Amiens, for John Stratford, 1st Viscount Aldborough. He had already been created Baron Baltinglass, of Baltinglass, in the County of Wicklow, on 21 May 1763, and Viscount Aldborough, of the Palatinate of Upper Ormond, on 22 July 1776. These titles were also in the Peerage of Ireland. Three of his sons, the second, third and fourth Earls, all succeeded in the titles. They became extinct on the death of the latter's grandson, the sixth Earl, in 1875. Their seats were Belan House, Aldborough House, Baltinglass Castle and Stratford House. and went on to sire the Earls of Aldborough.

Notable Stratfords of Baltinglass include:

  • Robert Stratford (of the Merevale Stratfords)
  • Edward Stratford, supporter of William of Orange, refused a peerage offered by William III
  • John Stratford, 1st Earl of Aldborough (c. 1691–1777)
  • Edward Stratford, 2nd Earl of Aldborough (d. 1801)
  • John Stratford, 3rd Earl of Aldborough (c. 1740–1823)
  • Benjamin O'Neale Stratford, 4th Earl of Aldborough (d. 1833)
  • Mason Gerard Stratford, 5th Earl of Aldborough (1784–1849) (Bigamist)
  • Captain Benjamin O'Neale Stratford, 6th Earl of Aldborough (1808–1875)

The Stratford Cannings and Viscount Stratford de Redcliffe

Abigail Stratford was the daughter of Robert Stratford, progenitor of the Irish Stratfords. In 1697 she married George Canning, and in 1703 they had a son, named Stratford Canning. He had a son sometime after 1734, also named Stratford Canning, who had a son in 1786, also named Stratford Canning, who was created 1st Viscount Stratford de Redcliffe on 24 April 1852.

The Wingfield-Stratfords, Viscount Powerscourt, and Baron Wrottesley

Lady Amelia Stratford was the daughter of John Stratford, 1st Earl of Aldborough. On 7 September 1760 she married Richard Wingfield, 3rd Viscount Powerscourt, and took his name; it is from this maternal Stratford lineage that the current Viscount Powerscourt descends.

The Stratford descendant Viscounts Powerscourt are as follows:

  • Richard Wingfield, 4th Viscount Powerscourt (1762–1809)
  • Richard Wingfield, 5th Viscount Powerscourt (1790–1823)
  • Richard Wingfield, 6th Viscount Powerscourt (1815–1844)
  • Mervyn Wingfield, 7th Viscount Powerscourt (1836–1904)
  • Mervyn Richard Wingfield, 8th Viscount Powerscourt (1880–1947)
  • Mervyn Patrick Wingfield, 9th Viscount Powerscourt (1905–1973)
  • Mervyn Niall Wingfield, 10th Viscount Powerscourt (1935-2015)
  • Mervyn Anthony Wingfield, 11th Viscount Powerscourt (born 1963)
  • The heir presumptive to the viscountcy is a kinsman of the current holder, also a Stratford descendant: Richard David Noel Wingfield (born 1966), a great-great-great-grandson of the Rev. Hon. Edward Wingfield (1792-1874), the third son of the fourth Viscount. He has a son, Dylan.

When Edward Stratford, 2nd Earl of Aldborough (Amelia's brother) died in 1801 he bequeathed the bulk of his estate to Amelia's grandson (his nephew, too junior to inherit the Powerscourt Viscountcy) on the proviso that he took back the Stratford name, thus becoming John Wingfield-Stratford in 1802. This line inherited Stratford House in London, and Amelia lived there until her death in 1831. It was sold in 1832.

Notable Wingfield-Stratfords include:

Esmé Cecil's daughter (Roshnara) married Richard John Wrottesley, 5th Baron Wrottesley, and though they later divorced it was through issue of their marriage that the Barony descended:

  • Clifton Hugh Lancelot de Verdon Wrottesley, 6th Baron Wrottesley (b. 1968), great-grandson of Esmé Cecil Wingfield-Stratford
  • The heir apparent is the present holder's eldest son the Hon. Victor Wrottesley (born 2004)

Stratford coats of arms

There are two main variant coats of arms associated with the Stratford family, Type A (or "trinity") and Type B (or "lion"). Type A can be further divided into the "Trestle" and "Roundel" subtypes.

Type A (trinity)

The Type A (or "trinity") Stratford Coat of Arms is the oldest of the two, first associated with John de Stratford and his familia in the early 1300s. It can be divided into two broad subtypes; Trestle, and Roundel.

Trestle

  • Gules, a fess humette between three trestles, or Gules, a fess humette between three trestles, or
  • Gules, a fess humette or, between three trestles, argent Gules, a fess humette or, between three trestles, argent
  • Gules, a fess humette or, between two trestles, argent Gules, a fess humette or, between two trestles, argent
  • Gules, a fess humette between three trestles, argent Gules, a fess humette between three trestles, argent

The Trestle type is most closely associated with the original Warwickshire Bishops, the Hampshire Stratfords descended from Andrew Stratford, and with Nicholas Stratford. The design is consistently based around gules, a fess humette, surrounded by three trestles argent (sometimes or). Variants include colour of fess and trestles, and number of trestles.

In heraldry the trestle (also tressle, tressel and threstle) as a charge is extremely rare, and known for symbolising hospitality (as historically the trestle was a tripod used both as a stool and a table support). The fess humette is apparently intended to represent a banqueting table, with the trestles gathered around.

Roundel

  • Or, a fess gules, between three torteaux Or, a fess gules, between three torteaux
  • Argent, a fess gules, between three bezants Argent, a fess gules, between three bezants
  • Irish Argent, a fess between three hawks heads erased, gules Irish
    Argent, a fess between three hawks heads erased, gules
  • Gules, a fess argent, between three plates Gules, a fess argent, between three plates
  • Sable, a fess argent, between three plates Sable, a fess argent, between three plates
  • Per fess gules and sable, three plates Per fess gules and sable, three plates

The Roundel type is associated solely with the medieval Bishops, and appears to be an archaic, simplified or corrupted version of the Trestle type. The design is consistently based around a fess, surrounded by three roundels. Variants include colour of fess, field and rondel.

A single example of a variant Roundel type surviving is in the later Irish recording of a shield in the name of Stratford: argent, a fess between three hawks heads erased, gules.

Streatfield
  • Stratford Per fess gules and sable, three plates Stratford
    Per fess gules and sable, three plates
  • Streatfield Per fess gules and sable, three bezants Streatfield
    Per fess gules and sable, three bezants

The arms of the Streatfield (or Streatfeild) family, recorded in the sixteenth century, bear a striking resemblance to an attributed form of Stratford arms. This could be seen as evidence that the Streatfields, though their line cannot be traced beyond the 1500s, are in fact a branch of the Stratford family, the name having been corrupted at some point prior to the sixteenth century.

Type B (lion)

  • Barruly of eight, argent and azure, a lion rampant gules Barruly of eight, argent and azure, a lion rampant gules
  • Paly of eight, argent and azure, a lion rampant gules Paly of eight, argent and azure, a lion rampant gules
  • Barruly of five, azure and argent, a lion rampant ruby Barruly of five, azure and argent, a lion rampant ruby
  • Barruly of ten, argent and azure, a lion rampant gules, langued or Barruly of ten, argent and azure, a lion rampant gules, langued or
  • Barruly of ten, argent and azure, a lion rampant, or Barruly of ten, argent and azure, a lion rampant, or
  • Barruly of ten, or and gules, a lion rampant, argent Barruly of ten, or and gules, a lion rampant, argent

The Type B Stratford Coat of Arms was first recorded by the Heralds Visitations to Gloucester of 1543, and since has been consistently based around a lion rampant, gules, on a barruly of ten, Argent and Azure. It is associated with the Gloucester, Merevale and Irish branches. Variations have included the addition of a crescent to denote a younger son, a change in the barruly number, change in langue colour, and in lion colour.

The Earls of Aldborough took supporters of human figures, a winged woman and armoured man, representing Fame and War. Officially: Dexter a Female figure, representing Fame, vested Ar, winged Or, in her right hand a trumpet gold, and in her left hand an olive branch vert, the sword belt Gules. Sinister, a man in complete armour Proper, garnished Or, spurs, sword, shield and spear of the last, sword belt Gules, holding in his right hand the spear, and upon his left arm the shield.

They also adopted the motto "Virtuti Nihil Obstat Et Armis" (Nothing Resists Valour and Arms).

Luxembourg and Lusignan

Main articles: Coat of arms of Luxembourg and House of Lusignan
  • The Lusignan Coat of Arms, granted twelfth century The Lusignan Coat of Arms, granted twelfth century
  • The Luxembourg Coat of Arms after 1288 The Luxembourg Coat of Arms after 1288
  • The Stratford Type B Coat of Arms, first recorded 1543 The Stratford Type B Coat of Arms, first recorded 1543
  • The Aldborough Arms, with Supporters (eighteenth century) The Aldborough Arms, with Supporters (eighteenth century)

The Stratford Type B Coat of Arms is remarkably similar to two other prominent Coats of Arms, an extremely unorthodox occurrence. The exact relationship to the arms of Luxembourg and of Lusignan are unknown, if indeed any exists at all. Both bear (with some variation in number) a barruly of ten Argent and Azure, and both have a lion rampant gules - though often on these royal arms it is granted a crown (or), and the lion of Luxembourg bears a forked tail as difference. The similarity is too close to be dismissed satisfactorily as independent coincidence, and historians have generated various theories as to the connection between the houses and the arms, none conclusive.

References

  1. Stratford, Edward. Ancient Pedigree, Dublin Castle Archives, C.1780
  2. Blomefield and Parkin An essay towards a topographical history of the county of Norfolk pp. 390
  3. David Charles Douglas, Alec Reginald Myers "English historical documents. 4. . 1327 - 1485" p. 69
  4. Thomas Dudley Fosbroke, "Companion to the Wye tour. Ariconensia; or, Archæological sketches of Ross and Archenfield: illustrative of the campaigns of Caractacus; the station Ariconium, &c., with other matters" pp. 165-166
  5. Stratford, Gerald "A History of the Stratford Family" Chapter 9. The Cotswold Games, The Dovers and Stratford.
  6. Stratford, Gerald "A History of the Stratford Family" Chapter 6. Farmcote, The House, Manor, and Chapel.
  7. Francis Blomefield, 'Hundred of Earsham: Pulham', in An Essay Towards A Topographical History of the County of Norfolk: Volume 5 (London, 1806), pp. 387-405, accessed 11 February 2016.
  8. Andrew Stratford, CIPM 19 - Part VI. Institute of Historical Research
  9. "C 139/20/36" The National Archives Record Office Catalogue
  10. A History of the County of Warwick - Volume 4 (1947) pp142-147 from British History Online
  11. ^ Stratford, Gerald "A History of the Stratford Family" Chapter 11. The Extinct Earldom.
  12. The Peerage entry for Dugdale Stratford Dugdale
  13. The Peerage entry for William Stratford Dugdale
  14. Stratford, Gerald "A History of the Stratford Family" Chapter 5. The Tracys, Dugdales, Throgmortons and Overburys.
  15. "No. 11739". The London Gazette. 25 January 1777. p. 1.
  16. "No. 10311". The London Gazette. 7 May 1763. p. 1.
  17. "No. 11679". The London Gazette. 29 June 1776. p. 1.
  18. Cradock, Joseph "Literary and miscellaneous memoirs, Volume 1" pp. 23-24
  19. J. Nichols "A biographical peerage of Ireland, in which are memoirs and characters of the most celebrated persons of each family" pp. 107-108
  20. The Peerage entry for Edward Stratford
  21. G.E. Cokayne; with Vicary Gibbs, H.A. Doubleday, Geoffrey H. White, Duncan Warrand and Lord Howard de Walden, editors, The Complete Peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain and the United Kingdom, Extant, Extinct or Dormant, new ed., 13 volumes in 14 (1910-1959; reprint in 6 volumes, Gloucester, U.K.: Alan Sutton Publishing, 2000), volume I, page 100. Hereinafter cited as The Complete Peerage.
  22. The Peerage entry for Abigail Stratford
  23. The Peerage entry for Stratford Canning, 1st Viscount Stratford de Redcliffe
  24. The Peerage entry for Lady Amelia Stratford
  25. Stratford, Gerald "A History of the Stratford Family" Chapter 13. Belan, Aldborough, and Stratford House.
  26. "The Peerage" entry for Roshnara Barbara Wingfield-Stratford
  27. Burke, John. "General Armoury of England, Ireland and Scotland" 1847
  28. ^ Bedford, WK Riland. "The Blazon of Episcopacy" 1858
  29. ^ Guillim, John. "A Display of Heraldry" 1724
  30. Papworth, John W. & Morant, Alfred. "Ordinary of British Armorials" 1874
  31. ^ Stratford, Gerald "A History of the Stratford Family" Chapter 2. The Stratford Family Heraldry
  32. Péporté, Pit. "Constructing the Middle Ages: Historiography, Collective Memory and Nation-Building in Luxembourg" pp 80-93. BRILL. (2011)

Further reading

Categories: