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{{short description|Indian chain of private schools}} | |||
{{under construction|date=September 2014}} | |||
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2015}} | |||
{{Infobox Non-profit | |||
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2015}} | |||
| Non-profit_name = Vidhya Bharti | |||
{{Infobox school | |||
| founded_date = 1946 | |||
| name = Vidya Bharati | |||
| founder = ] | |||
| image = Vidyabharti.png | |||
| area_served = Education | |||
| image_size = 180px | |||
| focus = Urban, Villages, Tribal and indigenous communities of India | |||
| motto = ''Sa Vidya Ya Vimuktaye'' | |||
| homepage = {{url|http://vidyabharti.net}} | |||
| motto_translation = ''That Is Knowledge Which Liberates'' | |||
| location = | |||
| region = ] | |||
| schooltype = | |||
| type = ] | |||
| religious_affiliation = | |||
| established = {{Start date and age|1977|df=yes}} | |||
| status = Active | |||
| president = | |||
| chairman = | |||
| faculty = | |||
| area = | |||
| mascot = | |||
| publication = {{Bulleted_list|Vidya Bharati Sanskriti Shiksha Sansthan, Kurukshetra|Bharatiya Shiksha Sodh Sansthan, Lucknow}} | |||
| affiliations = ] | |||
| key_people = | |||
| website = {{url|vidyabharti.net}} | |||
}} | }} | ||
'''Vidya Bharati''' (short for '''Vidya Bharati Akhil Bharatiya Shiksha Sansthan''') is the educational wing of ] (RSS). It runs one of the largest private network of schools in ], operating 12,000 schools with over 3.2 Million students, as of 2016<ref>{{cite news |title=PM Modi urges Vidya Bharati schools to aim for excellence |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news-india/vidya-bharati-akhil-bharatiya-shiksha-sansthan-pm-modi-urges-vidya-bharati-schools-to-aim-for-excellence/ |access-date=13 February 2019 |work=The Indian Express |agency=Express News Service |date=13 February 2016 |location=New Delhi |language=en-IN}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Gupta|first=Shekhar|title=Confessions Of A Shakhahari|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/magazine/story/confessions-of-a-shakhahari/295285|website=Outlook|access-date=31 December 2017|date=21 September 2015}}</ref> and has its registered headquarters in ] with a functional headquarters in ] and a sub-office in ].<ref name="Bakaya">{{cite book |first=Akshay |last=Bakaya |chapter=Lessons from Kurukshetra the RSS Education Project |editor=Anne Vaugier-Chatterjee |title=Education and Democracy in India |publisher=Manohar |location=New Delhi |year=2004 |isbn=8173046042}}</ref><ref name="Nair">{{cite book |first=Padmaja |last=Nair |title=Religious political parties and their welfare work: Relations between the RSS, the Bharatiya Janata Party and the Vidya Bharati Schools in India |publisher=University of Birmingham |year=2009 |isbn=978-8187226635 |url=http://epapers.bham.ac.uk/1570/1/Nair_PoliticalParties.pdf |access-date=2014-09-15}}</ref> In the year 2020, the million lives club selected Vidya Bharati as an official member of Vanguard cohort for its contribution to school education.<ref>{{cite news|title=Vidya Bharati Selected as Vanguard Member by the International Development Innovation Alliance IDIA for its Million Lives Club |url=https://www.theweek.in/wire-updates/business/2019/10/24/pwr6--vidya%20bharati.html |publisher=The Week | access-date=10 Nov 2020 }}</ref> | |||
'''Vidya Bharati''' is a ] educational organization in ]. It has started more than 10,000 schools serving nearly 3 million children in the country.<ref>{{cite web|title=Vidya Bhararti Akhil Bhartiya Shiksha Sansthan Statistics|url=http://vidyabharti.net/statistics.php|website=http://vidyabharti.net/|accessdate=12 September 2014}}</ref>{{Better source|date=September 2014}} It is the education wing of ].<ref>{{cite news|title=Gujarat BJP mouthpiece Manogat endorses Dina Nath Batra, his books|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-others/gujarat-bjp-mouthpiece-manogat-endorses-dina-nath-batra-his-books/|accessdate=12 September 2014|date=August 20, 2014}}</ref> | |||
== |
== History == | ||
RSS, under the tutelage of ] established its first Gita school at ] in 1946. But, the ] in 1948 put a damper on the spread of the Gita school model. After the ban was lifted, the first Saraswati Shishu Mandir brand school was established in ] in 1952, by ].<ref name="Nair"/><ref name="spreading"/> | |||
] | |||
The organization believes that all round development of a child has to be achieved through education and inculcation of time honored traditions. It was established with its Registered office at ] and headquarters in Delhi. There are nearly fifty state and Regional Committees affiliated to Vidya Bharati. Vidya Bharati institutions function under a variety of names like Shishu Vatika, Shishu Mandir, Vidya Mandir and Saraswati Vidyalaya, and few Training Centers and Research Institutions{{cn|date=September 2014}}. First ] was built in 1952. Vidya Bharati is considered the largest voluntary educational organization in the country.{{cn|date=September 2014}} | |||
The Saraswati Shishu Mandir model was quickly replicated across several locations and as the number of schools increased, there arose the need of a definite management structure. Accordingly, ''Shishu Shiksha Prabandak Samiti'', was set up to coordinate activities between these schools at the state level. Such committees were set up in ], ], ] and ].<ref name="Nair"/><ref name="spreading"/> | |||
In 1998 at a conference of State education ministers Vidya Bharati made proposals for school education to be "Indianized, nationalized and spiritualized", with the teaching of "the essentials of Indian culture" which was perceived as "Hindu education". There were concerns when the Uttar Pradesh Government made it mandatory to start the school day with ] and ] and the Muslim League forbade Muslim schoolchildren from joining in the worship. It also demands that ] be taught in all schools and sponsors the revision of textbooks which give a Hindu outlook of history and use Hindu examples in comprehension exercises.<ref name="Smith 2000 p. ">{{cite book|last=Smith|first=Pamela|title=India : globalization and change|publisher=Arnold Oxford University Press|location=London New York|year=2000|isbn=0-340-70579-5|page=132}}</ref> | |||
In 1977-78, an all-India apex body, ''Vidya Bharati'' was set up to coordinate the activities between these state committees and was headquartered in Delhi. This coincided with the ] (political arm of RSS) winning the national elections, as a member of the ]. Incidentally, Vidya Bharati used to have an associated National Academic Council with educationists, which enjoyed the trust of the ] (NCERT).<ref name="Nair"/><ref name="spreading"> | |||
==Educational philosophy== | |||
{{cite news |first=Venkitesh |last=Ramakrishnan |title=A spreading network |newspaper=Frontline |date=7–20 Nov 1998 |access-date=2014-09-16 |url=http://www.frontline.in/static/html/fl1523/15230100.htm}} | |||
The organization believes that a large population in India do not have access to education and so its focus is villages under-privileged locality and tribal area. They encourage economic self-reliance, good health, and hygiene.<ref>{{cite web|title=Vidya Bharati, India Vidya Bhararti Akhil Bhartiya Shiksha Sansthan Educational Belief|url=http://vidyabharti.net/edu_beliefs.php|accessdate=13 September 2014}}</ref>{{Better source|date=September 2014}} | |||
</ref> | |||
== Organisation == | |||
==Aim and Objectives== | |||
By the early 1990s, the network had grown to 5,000 schools and by 2003, to about 14,000 schools with 17 ] (1.7 million) pupils. This expansion was facilitated by the growing demand for education in India and the disaffection with the state school system.<ref name="Jaffrelot">{{cite book|last=Jaffrelot|first=Christophe|title=Religion, Caste, and Politics in India|year=2011|publisher=C Hurst & Co|isbn=978-1849041386}}</ref> As of March 2002, it had 17,396 schools, 22 lakh (2.2 million) students, over 93,000 teachers, 15 teacher training colleges, 12 degree colleges, and 7 vocational and training institutions.<ref name="Sundar">{{cite book|title=Revolution and Pedagogy : Interdisciplinary and Transnational Perspectives on Educational Foundations|journal=Economic and Political Weekly|volume=39|issue=16|pages=1605–1612|last=Sundar|first=Nandini|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan|year=2005|isbn=978-1-4039-8013-7|editor=E. Ewing|location=New York|chapter=Teaching to Hate: The Hindu Right's Pedagogical Program|jstor=4414900|doi=10.1057/9781403980137}}</ref> As of 2019, there were 12,828 formal schools and 11,353 informal schools.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Informal Education Units (11,353) {{!}} Vidya Bharti Akhil Bhartiya Shiksha Sansthan|url=http://vidyabharti.net/index.php/informal-education-units-11-353|access-date=2020-11-16|website=vidyabharti.net}}</ref> In 2019, the formal schools had a total strength of more than 34 lakh (3.4 million) students. | |||
The organization believes that system of education in India has its roots in Western way of fulfillment of life and that the all-round development of the personality of the child is not possible without spiritual development. They aim to develop the students physically, mentally and spiritually, and make them capable of facing challenges of daily life and thus contribute to nation building.<ref>{{cite web|title=Vidya Bhararti Akhil Bhartiya Shiksha Sansthan Philosophy, Aim and Objectives|url=http://vidyabharti.net/philosphy_aim.php|accessdate=13 September 2014}}</ref>{{Better source|date=September 2014}} | |||
Most of the Vidya Bharati schools are affiliated with the ] or their local State Boards.<ref name="Sundar"/> Vidya Bharati-run educational programs were adopted in ] as an alternate model of education when ] was in power.<ref name="Malik">{{cite book|chapter-url=https://www.questia.com/library/1280789/hindu-nationalists-in-india-the-rise-of-the-bharatiya|title=Hindu Nationalists in India : The Rise of the Bharatiya Janata Party|last1=Malik|first1=Yogendra K.|last2=Singh|first2=V. B.|publisher=Westview Press|year=1994|isbn=0-8133-8810-4|location=Boulder|page=157|chapter=Organization, Decision-Making, and Supportive Groups}}</ref> | |||
In addition to formal schools (which go by a variety of names such as ''Adarsh Vidhya Mandir'', ''{{transliteration|hi|Shishu Vatika}}'', ''{{transliteration|hi| Saraswati Shishu Mandir}}'', ''{{transliteration|hi| Saraswati Vidya Mandir}}'', ''{{transliteration|hi|Saraswati Vidyalaya}}'' etc.), Vidya Bharati also runs ''sanskar kendras'' (cultural schools) and single-teacher schools for cultural education. It controls over 250 intermediate colleges and about 25 institutions of higher education and training colleges.{{Citation needed|date=May 2021}} | |||
=== Presence === | |||
It has schools in remote areas of the ] as well as states like ] and ] where RSS does not have much influence.<ref name="Nair"/> Particular attention is given to underdeveloped regions and regions inhabited by tribal communities.<ref name="spreading" /> The Vidya Bharati schools are spread all over the country ranging from rural to urban areas from western ghats to northeast parts of India. The schools have provided a holistic model of success for students coming from different social, economic, and religious backgrounds. Shankardev Shishu Niketan which is a cluster of schools run under Vidya Bharati in northeast India has produced some of the young minds coming from minority communities who topped grade 10 and won several ] essay writing competitions.<ref>{{cite news|title=Muslim boy tops Class 10 exams in RSS-affiliated school|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/in-other-news/010616/muslim-boy-tops-class-10-exams-in-rss-affiliated-school.html |access-date=9 November 2020|publisher=Deccan Chronicle|date=1 June 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Assam Class 10 topper is a Muslim boy from RSS-backed school|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/education/assam-class-10-topper-is-muslim-boy-of-rss-backed-school/story-9dySC10MPjdqeQmlwJrOlL.html |access-date=9 November 2020|publisher=Hindustan Times|date=1 June 2016}}</ref> The chain has over 29 state and regional committees affiliated with it, making it the largest voluntary association in India.<ref name="Lall">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DQNUZskqQ5UC|title=Coalition Politics and Hindu Nationalism|last=Lall|first=Marie|publisher=Routledge|year=2005|isbn=0-415-35981-3|editor1=Katherine Adeney|location=New York|chapter=Indian education policy under the NDA government|pages=169–186|editor2=Lawrence Saez|chapter-url=https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/e/9780203007792/chapters/10.4324/9780203007792-19|doi=10.4324/9780203007792-19|doi-broken-date=1 November 2024 }}</ref> Students in schools run by Vidya Bharati come from all religious groups. For instance, in ], more than 12,000 Muslim and Christian students study in these schools.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Kapil Dixit|date=Feb 21, 2020|title=Muslim students in UP's RSS schools rise 30% in 3 years {{!}} Allahabad News - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/allahabad/muslim-students-in-ups-rss-schools-rise-30-in-3-years/articleshow/74234292.cms|access-date=2020-11-16|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref> | |||
=== Funding and patronage === | |||
Funds for this expansion have been collected through various means, including charities across the world. According to Awaaz, a London-based organisation, a significant portion of the Sewa International earthquake funds for Gujarat has been used to build RSS schools.<ref name="Lall"/> The network also benefited from favorable allotment of land by ] and ] politicians.<ref name="Nair"/><ref name="Sundar"/> It was also helped with miscellaneous patronage by the ] (BJP) whenever it was in power in the states<ref name="Sundar"/> or in the Centre (1999-2004).<ref name="Lall"/> | |||
Nanaji Deshmukh believed that the movement had turned 'materialistic', during the later phases but was not paying enough attention to recruiting high-quality teachers.<ref name="Bakaya"/> The schools attract the children of urban and small-town shopkeepers and those of professional and government official families.<ref name="Kumar">{{cite book|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FoF5jCEepGkC|title=Fundamentalisms and Society: Reclaiming the Sciences, the Family, and Education|last=Kumar|first=Krishna|publisher=University of Chicago Press|year=1998|isbn=0226508811|editor1=Martin E Marty|pages=536–557|chapter=Hindu Revivalism and Education in North-Central India|editor2=R. Scott Appleby}}</ref> | |||
==Ideology and objectives== | |||
], former General Secretary of Vidya Bharati, said that they were fighting an "ideological battle against Macaulay, Marx, and Madrasawadis". In comparison to which Vidya Bharati advocates "Indianisation, nationalisation and spiritualisation" of education.<ref name="Chandavarkar">{{cite book|chapter-url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/history-culture-and-the-indian-city/historians-and-the-nation/D1F46C81CC743B0A3E975C631169F143|title=History, Culture and the Indian City : Essays|last=Chandavarkar|first=Rajnarayan|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2009|isbn=978-0-521-76871-9|pages=197|chapter=Historians and the nation|doi=10.1017/CBO9780511642036.009}}</ref> In the areas of study that are peripheral to the core curriculum, like physical education, music, and cultural education, the institution worked out its curriculum.<ref name="Kumar"/> | |||
== Cultural education == | |||
In addition to the prescribed curriculum, the Vidya Bharati schools teach five extra subjects: ''moral education'', which includes stories of heroes, songs, honesty, and personal hygiene, ''physical education'', which includes learning to wield a stick, martial arts and yoga, ''music'', ''Sanskrit'' and ]. Girls are given ''kanya bharati'' sessions where they discuss real-world problems, especially "women-centric" sensitive issues, and learn how to deal with them. They are trained to become strong leaders idolizing Jhansi Rani Lakshmibai, Ahilyabai Holkar, Rudramadevi, and other successful women in various fields like Kalpana Chawla, Kiran Bedi, Indra Nooyi etc.{{Citation needed|date=May 2021}} | |||
In the morning assembly, the children are taught to pray and sing songs steeped in Sanskrit and the spirit of patriotism. Assemblies and stage performances organized at Hindu festivals also serve to convey the Deshbhakti ideology. The virtual absence of non-Hindu children in the schools leads to a collective sense of Hindu identity. In the words of a Vidya Bharati commentator "dedication to the motherland with a deep Bharatiya spirit inculcates in the child the will to change his character adjust his nature and program to fulfill the nation's will and necessity."<ref name="Kumar"/> | |||
The schools also use the students as conduits for spreading the RSS concept of education.{{Citation needed|date=May 2021}} | |||
==State level committee== | |||
The state-level affiliate committees of Vidya Bharati go by various names, depending on the socio-political situation in each state:<ref name=spreading/> | |||
* ]: ''Hindu Shiksha Samiti''<ref name=spreading/> | |||
* ]: ''Hindu Shiksha Samiti''<ref name=AP/> | |||
* ]: ''Sarv Hitkari Shiksha Samiti''<ref name=spreading/> | |||
* ]: ''Lok Shiksha Samiti, Bharati Shiksha Samiti'' | |||
* ]: ''Bharatiya Shiksha Samiti'' | |||
* ]: ''Vananchal Shiksha Samiti'',<ref name=spreading/> ''Vidya Vikas Samiti'', ''Shishu Shiksha Vikas Samiti''<ref> | |||
{{cite news |title=RSS wing steps in to fill govt school gap |newspaper=The Telegraph |date=30 Nov 2002 |access-date=2014-09-20 |url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1021130/asp/ranchi/story_1434897.asp|archive-url=https://archive.today/20140924145852/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1021130/asp/ranchi/story_1434897.asp|url-status=dead|archive-date=24 September 2014}}</ref> | |||
* ]: ''Shiksha Vikas Samiti''<ref name=spreading/> | |||
* ] and ]: ''Sri Saraswati Vidya Peetham''<ref name=AP> | |||
{{cite web |title=Sri Vidyaranya Avasa Vidyalayam |access-date=2014-09-20 |url=http://avasam-jammikunta.blogspot.co.uk/p/history.html}} | |||
</ref> | |||
* ]: ''Vivekananda Kendra'' and others<ref name=spreading/> | |||
* ]: ''Bharatiya Vidya Niketan''<ref>Bharatheeya Vidyanikethan the Kerala chapter of Vidya Bharathi Akhil Bharatheeya Siksha Sansthan | |||
{{cite web |title=Vyasa Vidya Niketan - Our parent body |url=http://www.vyasavidyanikethan.info/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=5&Itemid=8&lang=ml |access-date=8 June 2018 |archive-date=19 April 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160419122739/http://vyasavidyanikethan.info/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=5&Itemid=8&lang=ml |url-status=dead }}</ref> | |||
* ]: ''Shishu Shiksha Samiti''<ref>{{cite web|title=Shishu Shiksha Samiti|url=http://www.vbassam.org/|access-date=8 June 2018|archive-date=30 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180330145140/http://vbassam.org/|url-status=dead}}</ref> | |||
* ] : Bharatiya Shiksha Samiti | |||
* ]: Bharatiya Shiksha Samiti | |||
==See also== | ==See also== | ||
* ] | |||
{{div col}} | |||
* ] | |||
* ] | |||
* ] | |||
* ] | |||
* ] | |||
* ] | |||
* ] | |||
* ] | |||
* ] | |||
{{div col end}} | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{Reflist}} | {{Reflist}} | ||
==Other sources== | |||
{{Sangh Parivar}} | |||
{{Refbegin}} | |||
* {{cite journal |first=K. N. |last=Panikkar |title=Secular and democratic education |journal=Social Scientist |volume=27 |number=9/10 |year=1999 |pages=70–75 |doi=10.2307/3518105 |jstor=3518105 }} | |||
* {{cite book |first= R. |last=Sharma |title=Indian Education at the Crossroads |publisher=Shubhi Publications |location=Delhi |year=2002 |isbn=978-8187226635}} | |||
* {{cite news |first=Tanika |last=Sarkar |title=Educating the children of the Hindu Rashtra: Notes on RSS schools |journal=Comparative Studies of South Asia |volume=14 |number=2 |year=1994 |pages=10–15}} | |||
{{Refend}} | |||
{{Sangh Parivar}} | |||
] | |||
] | ] | ||
] | ] | ||
] | |||
] | |||
] | |||
] | ] | ||
] | |||
] | |||
] | |||
] |
Latest revision as of 14:39, 30 November 2024
Indian chain of private schools
Vidya Bharati | |
---|---|
Location | |
India | |
Information | |
Type | Educational institution |
Motto | Sa Vidya Ya Vimuktaye (That Is Knowledge Which Liberates) |
Established | 1977; 47 years ago (1977) |
Status | Active |
Publication |
|
Affiliations | Sangh Parivar |
Website | vidyabharti |
Vidya Bharati (short for Vidya Bharati Akhil Bharatiya Shiksha Sansthan) is the educational wing of Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS). It runs one of the largest private network of schools in India, operating 12,000 schools with over 3.2 Million students, as of 2016 and has its registered headquarters in Lucknow with a functional headquarters in Delhi and a sub-office in Kurukshetra. In the year 2020, the million lives club selected Vidya Bharati as an official member of Vanguard cohort for its contribution to school education.
History
RSS, under the tutelage of M. S. Golwalkar established its first Gita school at Kurukshetra in 1946. But, the ban on RSS in 1948 put a damper on the spread of the Gita school model. After the ban was lifted, the first Saraswati Shishu Mandir brand school was established in Gorakhpur in 1952, by Nanaji Deshmukh.
The Saraswati Shishu Mandir model was quickly replicated across several locations and as the number of schools increased, there arose the need of a definite management structure. Accordingly, Shishu Shiksha Prabandak Samiti, was set up to coordinate activities between these schools at the state level. Such committees were set up in Delhi, Bihar, Madhya Pradesh and Andhra Pradesh.
In 1977-78, an all-India apex body, Vidya Bharati was set up to coordinate the activities between these state committees and was headquartered in Delhi. This coincided with the Bharatiya Jan Sangh (political arm of RSS) winning the national elections, as a member of the Janata Party. Incidentally, Vidya Bharati used to have an associated National Academic Council with educationists, which enjoyed the trust of the National Council of Educational Research and Training (NCERT).
Organisation
By the early 1990s, the network had grown to 5,000 schools and by 2003, to about 14,000 schools with 17 lakh (1.7 million) pupils. This expansion was facilitated by the growing demand for education in India and the disaffection with the state school system. As of March 2002, it had 17,396 schools, 22 lakh (2.2 million) students, over 93,000 teachers, 15 teacher training colleges, 12 degree colleges, and 7 vocational and training institutions. As of 2019, there were 12,828 formal schools and 11,353 informal schools. In 2019, the formal schools had a total strength of more than 34 lakh (3.4 million) students.
Most of the Vidya Bharati schools are affiliated with the Central Board for Secondary Education or their local State Boards. Vidya Bharati-run educational programs were adopted in Madhya Pradesh as an alternate model of education when BJP was in power.
In addition to formal schools (which go by a variety of names such as Adarsh Vidhya Mandir, Shishu Vatika, Saraswati Shishu Mandir, Saraswati Vidya Mandir, Saraswati Vidyalaya etc.), Vidya Bharati also runs sanskar kendras (cultural schools) and single-teacher schools for cultural education. It controls over 250 intermediate colleges and about 25 institutions of higher education and training colleges.
Presence
It has schools in remote areas of the north-eastern states as well as states like Kerala and Tamil Nadu where RSS does not have much influence. Particular attention is given to underdeveloped regions and regions inhabited by tribal communities. The Vidya Bharati schools are spread all over the country ranging from rural to urban areas from western ghats to northeast parts of India. The schools have provided a holistic model of success for students coming from different social, economic, and religious backgrounds. Shankardev Shishu Niketan which is a cluster of schools run under Vidya Bharati in northeast India has produced some of the young minds coming from minority communities who topped grade 10 and won several Sanskrit essay writing competitions. The chain has over 29 state and regional committees affiliated with it, making it the largest voluntary association in India. Students in schools run by Vidya Bharati come from all religious groups. For instance, in Uttar Pradesh, more than 12,000 Muslim and Christian students study in these schools.
Funding and patronage
Funds for this expansion have been collected through various means, including charities across the world. According to Awaaz, a London-based organisation, a significant portion of the Sewa International earthquake funds for Gujarat has been used to build RSS schools. The network also benefited from favorable allotment of land by Jana Sangh and BJP politicians. It was also helped with miscellaneous patronage by the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) whenever it was in power in the states or in the Centre (1999-2004).
Nanaji Deshmukh believed that the movement had turned 'materialistic', during the later phases but was not paying enough attention to recruiting high-quality teachers. The schools attract the children of urban and small-town shopkeepers and those of professional and government official families.
Ideology and objectives
Dinanath Batra, former General Secretary of Vidya Bharati, said that they were fighting an "ideological battle against Macaulay, Marx, and Madrasawadis". In comparison to which Vidya Bharati advocates "Indianisation, nationalisation and spiritualisation" of education. In the areas of study that are peripheral to the core curriculum, like physical education, music, and cultural education, the institution worked out its curriculum.
Cultural education
In addition to the prescribed curriculum, the Vidya Bharati schools teach five extra subjects: moral education, which includes stories of heroes, songs, honesty, and personal hygiene, physical education, which includes learning to wield a stick, martial arts and yoga, music, Sanskrit and Vedic mathematics. Girls are given kanya bharati sessions where they discuss real-world problems, especially "women-centric" sensitive issues, and learn how to deal with them. They are trained to become strong leaders idolizing Jhansi Rani Lakshmibai, Ahilyabai Holkar, Rudramadevi, and other successful women in various fields like Kalpana Chawla, Kiran Bedi, Indra Nooyi etc.
In the morning assembly, the children are taught to pray and sing songs steeped in Sanskrit and the spirit of patriotism. Assemblies and stage performances organized at Hindu festivals also serve to convey the Deshbhakti ideology. The virtual absence of non-Hindu children in the schools leads to a collective sense of Hindu identity. In the words of a Vidya Bharati commentator "dedication to the motherland with a deep Bharatiya spirit inculcates in the child the will to change his character adjust his nature and program to fulfill the nation's will and necessity."
The schools also use the students as conduits for spreading the RSS concept of education.
State level committee
The state-level affiliate committees of Vidya Bharati go by various names, depending on the socio-political situation in each state:
- Delhi: Hindu Shiksha Samiti
- Haryana: Hindu Shiksha Samiti
- Punjab: Sarv Hitkari Shiksha Samiti
- Bihar: Lok Shiksha Samiti, Bharati Shiksha Samiti
- Jammu: Bharatiya Shiksha Samiti
- Jharkhand: Vananchal Shiksha Samiti, Vidya Vikas Samiti, Shishu Shiksha Vikas Samiti
- Odisha: Shiksha Vikas Samiti
- Telangana and Andhra Pradesh: Sri Saraswati Vidya Peetham
- Tamil Nadu: Vivekananda Kendra and others
- Kerala: Bharatiya Vidya Niketan
- Assam: Shishu Shiksha Samiti
- Uttrakhand : Bharatiya Shiksha Samiti
- Uttar Pradesh: Bharatiya Shiksha Samiti
See also
- Akhara
- Akshaya Patra Foundation
- Education in India
- Ekal Vidyalaya
- Gurukula
- History of education in the Indian subcontinent
- Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh
- Swami Lakshamanananda
- Vanavasi Kalyan Ashram
References
- "PM Modi urges Vidya Bharati schools to aim for excellence". The Indian Express. New Delhi. Express News Service. 13 February 2016. Retrieved 13 February 2019.
- Gupta, Shekhar (21 September 2015). "Confessions Of A Shakhahari". Outlook. Retrieved 31 December 2017.
- ^ Bakaya, Akshay (2004). "Lessons from Kurukshetra the RSS Education Project". In Anne Vaugier-Chatterjee (ed.). Education and Democracy in India. New Delhi: Manohar. ISBN 8173046042.
- ^ Nair, Padmaja (2009). Religious political parties and their welfare work: Relations between the RSS, the Bharatiya Janata Party and the Vidya Bharati Schools in India (PDF). University of Birmingham. ISBN 978-8187226635. Retrieved 15 September 2014.
- "Vidya Bharati Selected as Vanguard Member by the International Development Innovation Alliance IDIA for its Million Lives Club". The Week. Retrieved 10 November 2020.
- ^ Ramakrishnan, Venkitesh (7–20 November 1998). "A spreading network". Frontline. Retrieved 16 September 2014.
- Jaffrelot, Christophe (2011). Religion, Caste, and Politics in India. C Hurst & Co. ISBN 978-1849041386.
- ^ Sundar, Nandini (2005). "Teaching to Hate: The Hindu Right's Pedagogical Program". In E. Ewing (ed.). Revolution and Pedagogy : Interdisciplinary and Transnational Perspectives on Educational Foundations. Vol. 39. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 1605–1612. doi:10.1057/9781403980137. ISBN 978-1-4039-8013-7. JSTOR 4414900.
{{cite book}}
:|journal=
ignored (help) - "Informal Education Units (11,353) | Vidya Bharti Akhil Bhartiya Shiksha Sansthan". vidyabharti.net. Retrieved 16 November 2020.
- Malik, Yogendra K.; Singh, V. B. (1994). "Organization, Decision-Making, and Supportive Groups". Hindu Nationalists in India : The Rise of the Bharatiya Janata Party. Boulder: Westview Press. p. 157. ISBN 0-8133-8810-4.
- "Muslim boy tops Class 10 exams in RSS-affiliated school". Deccan Chronicle. 1 June 2016. Retrieved 9 November 2020.
- "Assam Class 10 topper is a Muslim boy from RSS-backed school". Hindustan Times. 1 June 2016. Retrieved 9 November 2020.
- ^ Lall, Marie (2005). "Indian education policy under the NDA government". In Katherine Adeney; Lawrence Saez (eds.). Coalition Politics and Hindu Nationalism. New York: Routledge. pp. 169–186. doi:10.4324/9780203007792-19 (inactive 1 November 2024). ISBN 0-415-35981-3.
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of November 2024 (link) - Kapil Dixit (21 February 2020). "Muslim students in UP's RSS schools rise 30% in 3 years | Allahabad News - Times of India". The Times of India. Retrieved 16 November 2020.
- ^ Kumar, Krishna (1998). "Hindu Revivalism and Education in North-Central India". In Martin E Marty; R. Scott Appleby (eds.). Fundamentalisms and Society: Reclaiming the Sciences, the Family, and Education. University of Chicago Press. pp. 536–557. ISBN 0226508811.
- Chandavarkar, Rajnarayan (2009). "Historians and the nation". History, Culture and the Indian City : Essays. Cambridge University Press. p. 197. doi:10.1017/CBO9780511642036.009. ISBN 978-0-521-76871-9.
- ^ "Sri Vidyaranya Avasa Vidyalayam". Retrieved 20 September 2014.
- "RSS wing steps in to fill govt school gap". The Telegraph. 30 November 2002. Archived from the original on 24 September 2014. Retrieved 20 September 2014.
- Bharatheeya Vidyanikethan the Kerala chapter of Vidya Bharathi Akhil Bharatheeya Siksha Sansthan "Vyasa Vidya Niketan - Our parent body". Archived from the original on 19 April 2016. Retrieved 8 June 2018.
- "Shishu Shiksha Samiti". Archived from the original on 30 March 2018. Retrieved 8 June 2018.
Other sources
- Panikkar, K. N. (1999). "Secular and democratic education". Social Scientist. 27 (9/10): 70–75. doi:10.2307/3518105. JSTOR 3518105.
- Sharma, R. (2002). Indian Education at the Crossroads. Delhi: Shubhi Publications. ISBN 978-8187226635.
- Sarkar, Tanika (1994). "Educating the children of the Hindu Rashtra: Notes on RSS schools". Comparative Studies of South Asia. Vol. 14, no. 2. pp. 10–15.
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