Template:Syrian civil war infobox: Difference between revisions

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			<noinclude>{{Use dmy dates\|date=July 2022}}</noinclude>
	{{Infobox military conflict
			{{#invoke:Infobox military conflict\|main
	\|conflict=Syrian Civil War
			\|conflict=Syrian civil war
	\|image=]
			\|partof= the ], ], ], spillover of the ], ], ], ], ], and the ]/]/]
	\|caption='''Clockwise from top left:''' Destroyed vehicles in ]; ] on the Turkish border; artillery firing on ]; victims of the ]. <small>(For a war map of the current situation, see ])</small>
			\|image=Syrian Civil War map (ISW-CTP).svg
	\|partof=the ]<br />and spillover of the ]
			\|image_size=320px
	\|date={{Start date\|df=yes\|2011\|03\|15}} – present<br />({{Age in years, months, weeks and days\|month1=03\|day1=15\|year1=2011}})
			\|caption= Military situation as of December 21, 2024 at 2:00pm ET<hr>''']:'''
	\|place=] <small>(with ] in neighboring countries)</small>
			{{Leftlegend\|#FFFFFF\|border=1px solid black\|]{{efn\|Formed in January 2017 as a merger between ] (a faction of ]), ], ], ] (successor of Al-Nusra Front) and ]}} and ]}}
	\|status=]
			{{Leftlegend\|#FFFFB8\|] from the ]}}

			<hr>''']:'''
	\|combatant1=
			{{Leftlegend\|#E4DA76\|] and ]}}<hr>''']:'''
	{{flagdeco\|Syria}} ''']'''
			{{Leftlegend\|#CBE8C5\|] and ]}}<hr>'''Other former rebel forces:'''
	* ]
			{{Leftlegend\|#FF8BFF\|]}}
	* ]
			{{Leftlegend\|#75D6B7\|]}}
	* ]
			{{Leftlegend\|#B3EAFB\|] and ]}}
	* ]
			<hr>'''Others:'''
	{{flag\|Iran}}<ref>{{cite web\|author=Saeed Kamali Dehghan\|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2012/may/28/syria-army-iran-forces \|title=Syrian army being aided by Iranian forces\|work=The Guardian \|date=28 May 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite news\|url=http://www.foxnews.com/world/2012/08/28/iranian-general-admits-fighting-every-aspect-war-in-defending-syria-assad/\|publisher=Fox News\|first=Lisa\|last=Daftari\|title=Iranian general admits 'fighting every aspect of a war' in defending Syria's Assad\|date=28 August 2012}}</ref>
			{{Leftlegend\|#D6630D\|]}}
	* ]<ref>{{cite web\|last=Filkins \|first=Dexter \|authorlink=Dexter Filkins \|url=http://www.newyorker.com/reporting/2013/09/30/130930fa_fact_filkins \|title=Qassem Suleimani, the Middle East's Most Powerful Operative \|publisher=] \|date= \|accessdate=2014-01-06}}</ref>
			{{Leftlegend\|#858ACC\|]{{efn\| The ] is shown in light grey. The Golan Heights has been under de facto Israeli control ]. Israeli sovereignty was ] in 2019, but is not recognized by the ] except the ].<ref>{{cite news \| title= Golan Heights: Trump signs order recognising occupied area as Israeli \| url= https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-47697717 \| publisher= BBC News \| date= 25 March 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news \| title= The Golan Heights: What’s at Stake With Trump’s Recognition \| publisher= Council on Foreign Relations \| url= https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/golan-heights-whats-stake-trumps-recognition \| work= www.cfr.org \| date= 28 March 2019 \|language=en}}</ref> }} }}
	* ] <ref>, Telegraph, 21 Feb 2014</ref><br>
			{{Leftlegend\|#e1e1e1\|Uncertain/mixed}}
	'''Pro-government'''<br>
			{{clear}}''(],'' ''])''
	* ]<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/04/26/us-syria-crisis-hezbollah-idUSBRE93P09720130426\|agency=Reuters\|date=26 April 2013\|title=Lebanon dragged in as Hezbollah joins Syria war}}</ref><br>
			\|date={{Start date\|df=yes\|2011\|03\|15}}{{efn\|Attributed to multiple sources:<ref>{{Cite web \|date=2020-03-15 \|title=Syrian Civil War Enters 10th Year \|url=https://www.voanews.com/a/middle-east_syrian-civil-war-enters-10th-year/6185835.html \|agency= RFE/RL \|website=Voice of America \|language=en \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240403022159/https://www.voanews.com/a/middle-east_syrian-civil-war-enters-10th-year/6185835.html \|archive-date= Apr 3, 2024 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web \|date=2021-03-15 \|title=Syria: Grim 10-year anniversary of ‘unimaginable violence and indignities’ \|url=https://news.un.org/en/story/2021/03/1087402 \|website=UN News \|language=en \|url-status=live \|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20240313112716/https://news.un.org/en/story/2021/03/1087402 \|archive-date= Mar 13, 2024 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web \|last=Sherlock \|first=Ruth \|last2=Neuman \|first2=Scott \|last3=Homsi \|first3=Nada \|date=March 15, 2021 \|title=Syria's Civil War Started A Decade Ago. Here's Where It Stands \|url=https://www.npr.org/2021/03/15/976352794/syrias-civil-war-started-a-decade-ago-heres-where-it-stands \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240418003900/https://www.npr.org/2021/03/15/976352794/syrias-civil-war-started-a-decade-ago-heres-where-it-stands \|archive-date=Apr 18, 2024 \|website=NPR}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web \|last=Ozcan \|first=Ethem Emre \|date=March 14, 2021 \|title=10 years since start of Syrian civil war \|url=https://www.aa.com.tr/en/middle-east/10-years-since-start-of-syrian-civil-war/2175768 \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231126173716/https://www.aa.com.tr/en/middle-east/10-years-since-start-of-syrian-civil-war/2175768 \|archive-date=Nov 26, 2023 \|website=Anadolu Ajansı}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web \|last=Romey \|first=Kristin \|date=March 9, 2022 \|others=Photographs by Keo, William \|title=11 years into Syria's civil war, this is what everyday life looks like \|url=https://www.nationalgeographic.com/history/article/11-years-into-civil-war-what-syrian-life-looks-like \|url-access=registration \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://archive.is/Bzw9d \|archive-date=9 Mar 2022 \|website=National Geographic}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web \|title=Twelve years on from the beginning of Syria’s war \|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/3/15/twelve-years-on-from-the-beginning-of-syrias-war \|date=15 Mar 2023 \|website=Al Jazeera \|language=en \|url-status=live \|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20240703160743/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/3/15/twelve-years-on-from-the-beginning-of-syrias-war \|archive-date= Jul 3, 2024 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web \|date=2023-03-15 \|title=Syrians mark 12 years of civil war with no end in sight \|url=https://www.pbs.org/newshour/show/syrians-mark-12-years-of-civil-war-with-no-end-in-sight \|first1=Amna \|last1=Nawaz \|first2=Zeba \|last2=Warsi \|first3=Teresa \|last3=Cebrián Aranda \|website=PBS News \|language=en-us \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240620114309/https://www.pbs.org/newshour/show/syrians-mark-12-years-of-civil-war-with-no-end-in-sight \|archive-date= Jun 20, 2024 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news \|date=2016-03-15 \|title=Why has the Syrian war lasted 12 years? \|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-35806229 \|work=BBC News \|language=en-GB \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240704190001/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-35806229 \|archive-date= Jul 4, 2024 }}</ref>}} – present{{Efn\|With Ba'athist regime prevailing, the hostilities were mostly put on hold between ] and ], when the Syrian opposition launched a campaign of quick successful military offensives in Northwestern Syria, ] on 8 December. Further fate of the ongoing conflict remains uncertain.}}<br>({{Age in years, months, weeks and days\|month1=3\|day1=15\|year1=2011}})
	* ]<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/jun/04/syria-islamic-sunni-shia-shrines-volunteers\|agency=The Guardian\|date=4 June 2013\|title=Syrian war widens Sunni-Shia schism as foreign jihadis join fight for shrines}}</ref>
			\|place=] (with ] in neighboring countries)
	* ]
			\| status = ]{{blist\|
	* ]<ref>{{cite news\|title=Syria rebels clash with army, Palestinian fighters\|url=http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/cndy/2012-10/31/content_15858497.htm\|agency=Agence France-Presse\|date=31 October 2012}}</ref>
			\| ] is ]
	<!-- DO NOT ADD any group here without reliable sources!-->
			\| Rebels capture most of Syria and establish ]
	* ]
			\| Israel ] the ] ] and the neighboring Syrian towns

			\| The ] launches ] on ] forces in ]
	{{Collapsible list
	\|bullets = yes
	\|title = <small>Armament Support:</small>
	\|{{flag\|Russia}}<ref>{{cite news\|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-16797818\|title=Russian arms shipments bolster Syria's embattled Assad\|author=Richard Galpin\|date=10 January 2012\|accessdate=4 February 2012\|publisher=BBC News}}</ref><ref>. '']'', 23 December 2012. Retrieved 26 February 2013.</ref>
	\|{{flag\|Iraq}}<ref>{{cite web\|title=It looks like Iraq has joined Assad's side in the Syrian war\|url=http://www.businessinsider.com.au/iraq-joins-assads-side-in-syrian-war-2013-3\|work=Business Insider\|accessdate=16 February 2014}}</ref>
	}}		}}
			\|combatant1 = {{center\|]}}
	<!--Please get a consensus at the talk page before readding this material.
			\|casualties1 = <div class="center">'''Total deaths'''<br>580,000<ref>{{Cite web \|date=1 December 2022 \|title=Syria \|url=https://www.globalr2p.org/countries/syria/ \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230128063728/https://www.globalr2p.org/countries/syria/ \|archive-date=28 January 2023 \|website=GCR2P}}</ref>–617,910+<ref name="SOHR2024">{{cite news \|title=Syrian Revolution 13 years on {{!}} Nearly 618,000 persons killed since the onset of the revolution in March 2011 \|url=https://www.syriahr.com/en/328044/ \|access-date=15 March 2024 \|publisher=Syrian Observatory for Human Rights \|date=15 March 2024}}</ref><br>'''Civilian deaths'''<br>219,223–306,887+{{efn\|88% of whom were killed by government or Russian forces, according to the ]<ref name="SOHR2024"/>}}<ref>{{cite news \|url=https://www.ohchr.org/en/press-releases/2022/06/un-human-rights-office-estimates-more-306000-civilians-were-killed-over-10 \|title=UN Human Rights Office estimates more than 306,000 civilians were killed over 10 years in Syria conflict \|date=28 June 2022 \|publisher=United Nations \|access-date=23 April 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web \|url=https://www.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/2022-06/A_HRC_50_68_AdvanceUneditedVersion.docx \| date= 28 June 2022 \| title= Civilian Deaths in the Syrian Arab Republic: Report of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220628112809/https://www.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/2022-06/A_HRC_50_68_AdvanceUneditedVersion.docx \| archive-date=28 June 2022 \|quote= Over the past ten years, civilians have borne the brunt of the conflict, with an estimated 306,887 direct civilian deaths occurring. \| publisher=United Nations}}</ref>
	{{Collapsible list
			<br>'''Displaced people'''{{Plainlist\|
	\|bullets = yes
			*6.7 million ]<br>
	\|title = <small>Other Support</small>:
			*6.6 million ] (March 2021)<ref>{{cite web\|url=https://www.unhcr.org/syria-emergency.html\|title=Syria emergency\|publisher=United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR)}}</ref>
	\|{{flag\|Venezuela}}<ref>{{cite web\|last=Paragga\|first=Mariana\|title=Exclusive: Venezuela ships fuel to war-torn Syria: traders\|url=http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/02/16/us-venezuela-syria-idUSTRE81F11220120216\|work=Reuters\|accessdate=5 December 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web\|title=Chavez slams West, expresses support for Syria\|url=http://www.presstv.ir/detail/229999.html\|work=Press TV\|accessdate=5 December 2013}}</ref>
	\|{{flag\|North Korea}}<ref>{{cite web\|author=Ryall, Julian\|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/syria/10102561/Syria-North-Korean-military-advising-Assad-regime.html\|title=Syria: North Korean military 'advising Assad regime'\|work=The Telegraph\|date=6 June 2013\|accessdate=2 August 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news\|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/northkorea/9371607/North-Korea-violating-sanctions-according-to-UN-report.html\|title=North Korea violating sanctions, according to UN report\|date=3 July 2012\|work=The Telegraph\|accessdate=6 October 2012}}</ref>
	}}		}}
	!-->

	\|combatant1b =
	<!-- DO NOT ADD THE KNC OR ANY OTHER KURDISH POLITICAL GROUPS THAT ARE NOT INVOLVED IN THE FIGHTING. THIS IS A MILITARY INFOBOX, WHICH IS DESIGNED FOR COMBATANTS. !-->
	<div style="border: 1pt dashed grey; background : grey; padding: 1em 1em;">
	{{flagicon \|Syrian Kurdistan}} ]
	* ]<ref>{{cite web \| url= http://freebeacon.com/national-security/syrian-kurds-fight-isil-assad-with-little-help-from-united-states/ \|last1= Wiser \|first1= Daniel \| title= Syrian Kurds Fight ISIL, Assad, With Little Help From United States
	\|publisher= The Washington Free Beacon \| accessdate= 29 September 2014 \| quote= "The YPG also recently formed an alliance with the Free Syrian Army (FSA), another rebel group battling both ISIL and Syrian President Bashar al-Assad."}}</ref>
	* ]
	* ]

	{{Collapsible list
	\|bullets = yes
	\|title = <small>Armament Support:</small>
	\|{{flag\|Iraqi Kurdistan}}<ref>{{cite news\|author=Wood, Josh\|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2013/02/07/world/middleeast/syrias-kurds-try-to-balance-security-and-alliances.html?pagewanted=all&_r=2&\|title=Syria's Kurds try to balance security and alliances\|work=The New York Times\|date=6 February 2013\|accessdate=19 November 2013}}</ref>
	}}
	''See: ]''
	</div>		</div>

	\|combatant2=
	{{flagdeco\|Syria\|1932}} ]
	* ]<ref></ref>
	* ]
	* ]<ref name=csm25Mar14>{{cite web\|url=http://www.csmonitor.com/World/Security-Watch/Under-the-Radar/2014/0325/Syrian-rebels-tout-a-fighting-force-the-US-can-work-with \|title=Syrian rebels tout a fighting force the US can work with \|publisher=Christian Science Monitor \|date=2014-03-25 \|accessdate=2014-03-31}}</ref>
	* ]<ref name="ISW FSA">{{cite web\|url=http://www.understandingwar.org/sites/default/files/The-Free-Syrian-Army-24MAR.pdf\|title=The Free Syrian Army\|publisher=Institute for the Study of War}}</ref>
	* ]<ref name="voa_extremist">{{cite web\|url=http://www.voanews.com/content/islamic_extremists_infilitrate_syrian_opposition/1512840.html\|publisher=Voice of America\|title=Islamic Extremists Infiltrate Syrian Opposition\|date=21 September 2012\|accessdate=4 October 2014}}</ref> <small>''(until 2014)''</small>
	* ]

	{{Collapsible list
	\|bullets = yes
	\|title = <small>Armament Support:</small>
	<!-- DO NOT ADD COUNTRIES PROVIDING NON-LETHAL SUPPORT. THIS WAS AGREED UPON AT THE TALK PAGE. !-->
	\|{{flag\|Qatar}}<ref>{{cite news\|title=How Qatar seized control of the Syrian revolution\|url=http://www.ft.com/cms/s/2/f2d9bbc8-bdbc-11e2-890a-00144feab7de.html#axzz2klonIM7Q\|author=Roula Khalaf and Abigail Fielding-Smith\|work=]\|date=17 May 2013\|accessdate=16 November 2013}}</ref>
	\|{{flag\|Saudi Arabia}}<ref>{{cite web\|author=El Deeb, Sarah\|url=http://www.mercurynews.com/nation-world/ci_23504307/rivalries-complicate-arms-pipeline-syria-rebels\|title=Rivalries complicate arms pipeline to Syria rebels\|work=San Jose Mercury News\|date=20 June 2013\|accessdate=1 August 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web\|author=Hassan\|url=http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2013/10/01/the_army_of_islam_is_winning_in_syria\|title=The Army of Islam Is Winning in Syria\|work=Foreign Policy\|date=1 October 2013\|accessdate=22 November 2013}}</ref>
	\|{{flag\|Turkey}}<ref>'']'', 8 September 2013, </ref>
	\|{{Flag\|United States}}<ref>{{cite news\|title=U.S. weapons reaching Syrian rebels\|url=http://articles.washingtonpost.com/2013-09-11/world/41972742_1_lethal-aid-syrian-rebels-chemical-weapons\|newspaper=Washington Post\|date=September 11, 2013}}</ref>
	\|{{flag\|Libya}}<ref>{{cite web\|last=Sherlock\|first=Ruth\|title=Libya's new rulers offer weapons to Syrian rebels\|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/syria/8917265/Libyas-new-rulers-offer-weapons-to-Syrian-rebels.html\|work=The Telegraph\|accessdate=25 May 2014}}</ref>
	}}		}}
			<noinclude>
	<!--Please get a consensus at the talk page before readding this material.
			{{Clear}}
	{{Collapsible list
	\|bullets = yes
	\|title = <small>Other Support</small>:
	\|{{flag\|United Kingdom}}<ref>{{cite web\|author=\|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-19205204\|title=Syria conflict: UK to give extra £5m to opposition groups\|work=BBC\|date=10 August 2012\|accessdate=2 August 2013}}</ref>
	\|{{flag\|France}}<ref>{{cite web\|author=\|url=http://english.alarabiya.net/articles/2012/08/22/233570.html\|title=France gives non-lethal military aid to Syrian opposition: PM\|work=Al Arabiya News\|date=22 August 2012\|accessdate=2 August 2013}}</ref>
	\|{{flag\|Kuwait}}<ref>{{cite web\|author=\|url=http://www.kuna.net.kw/ArticleDetails.aspx?id=2336219&language=en\|title=Syrian opposition chief praises Kuwait's support to Syrian people\|work=Kuwait News Agency\|date=28 September 2013\|accessdate=5 October 2013}}</ref>
	}}
	!-->
	<!-- DO NOT ADD ISRAEL. PER ], ANYONE WHO ADDS ISRAEL WILL IMMEDIATELY BE BLOCKED. !-->
	----
	''']'''<br>
	<small>(against ])<ref>{{Cite news\|url=http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/09/23/us-syria-crisis-usa-strikes-idUSKCN0HI03A20140923\|title=
	U.S. and Arab allies launch first strikes on militants in Syria\|publisher=Reuters\|author1=Phil Stewart\|author2=Tom Perry\|quote=Saudi Arabia, Qatar, Jordan, Bahrain and the United Arab Emirates participated in or supported the strikes against Islamic State targets, U.S. Central Command said.\|date=September 23, 2014\|accessdate=September 28, 2014}}</ref></small>
	*{{flag\|United States}}<br>
	*{{flag\|Saudi Arabia}}<br>
	*{{flag\|Qatar}}<br>
	*{{flag\|Jordan}}<br>
	*{{flag\|Bahrain}}<br>
	*{{flag\|UAE}}

			== References ==
	\|combatant3=2013–14:
			{{Notelist}}
	'''{{flag\|Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant}}'''<ref>{{cite news\|title=New front opens in Syria as rebels say al Qaeda attack means war\|url=http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/07/12/us-syria-crisis-idUSBRE96B08A20130712\|newspaper=Reuters\|date=12 July 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news\|url=http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/01/04/us-syria-crisis-fighting-idUSBREA0308720140104\|title=Syrian rebels launch fierce offensive against al Qaeda fighters\|publisher=Reuters\|date=4 January 2014\|accessdate=5 January 2014}}</ref><br>
			{{Reflist\|colwidth=30em}}
	''See: ]''
	\|combatant3b=2014–present:
	'''{{flag\|Islamic State}}'''

			{{Documentation}}
	\|commander1={{Plainlist\|
	* {{flagdeco\|Syria}} ]{{-}}<small>(President of Syria, Commander-in-Chief)</small>
	* {{flagdeco\|Syria}} ]{{-}}<small>(Commander of the ])</small>
	* {{flagdeco\|Syria}} ]{{-}}<small>(])</small>
	* {{flagdeco\|Syria}} ]{{KIA}}{{-}}<small>(Former ])</small>
	* {{flagdeco\|Syria}} ]{{KIA}}{{-}}<small>(Deputy ])</small>
	* {{flagdeco\|Syria}} ]{{-}}<small>(Chief of Staff of the ])</small>
	* {{flagdeco\|Syria}} ]{{-}}<small>(Chief of Staff of the ])</small>
	* {{flagdeco\|Syria}} ]{{-}}<small>(General of the ] Intelligence Unit)</small>
	* {{flagdeco\|Syria}} ]{{WIA}}{{-}}<small>(])</small>
	* {{flagicon image\|Single Color Flag - FFFF00.svg}} ]{{-}}<small>(Secretary General of ])</small>
	* {{flagdeco\|Iran}} ]{{-}}<small>(Commander of ])</small>
	* {{flagicon image\|PFLP-GC Flag.svg}} ]{{-}}<small>(Secretary General of ])</small>
	}}
	----
	----
	{{Plainlist\|
	* {{flagicon image\|Ala kurdên rojava.svg}} ]{{-}}<small>(Leader of the ])</small>
	* {{flagicon image\|Ala kurdên rojava.svg}} Sipan Hemo{{-}}<small>(Commander of the ])<ref>http://www.atlanticcouncil.org/blogs/menasource/kurdish-arab-rebel-alliance-may-be-key-to-obama-s-syrian-strategy</ref></small>
	}}
	\|commander2={{Plainlist\|
	* {{flagdeco\|Syria\|1932}} ]<ref>{{cite news\|title=Free Syrian Army fires military chief \|publisher=Al Jazeera English\|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/middleeast/2014/02/free-syrian-army-fires-military-chief-201421742719901171.html\|date=16 February 2014\|accessdate=16 February 2014}}</ref>{{-}}<small>(Chief of Staff of the ])</small>
	* {{flagdeco\|Syria\|1932}} ]{{-}}<small>(Former Chief of Staff of the ]; dismissed)</small>
	* {{flagdeco\|Syria\|1932}} ]{{WIA}}<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2013/03/25/world/meast/syria-civil-war \|title=U.N. withdraws staffers as violence rages in Syria \|publisher=Edition.cnn.com \|date=25 May 2013}}</ref>{{-}}<small>(Former Chief of Staff of the ]; dismissed)</small>
	* {{flagdeco\|Syria\|1932}} ]<ref name="Huff_unifiedcommand_8Dec2012">{{cite news \|first=Bassem \|last=Mroue \|author2=Suzan Fraser \|title=Syria Rebels Create New Unified Military Command \|date=2012-12-08 \|work=] \|agency=] \|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/12/08/syria-rebels-military-council_n_2263256.html \|accessdate=2012-12-08 \|archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/6ClMtkEue \|archivedate=2012-12-08 \|deadurl=no}}</ref>{{-}}<small>(Former head of the ]'s Military Council; dismissed)</small>
	* {{flagdeco\|Syria\|1932}} Jamal Maarouf<ref name=ds17Dec>{{cite web\|url=http://www.dailystar.com.lb/News/Middle-East/2013/Dec-17/241361-fsa-alliance-pushes-back-against-islamic-front.ashx\|title=FSA alliance pushes back against Islamic Front\|publisher=The Daily Star\|date=17 December 2013\|accessdate=19 December 2013}}</ref><small>(Leader of ])</small>
	* {{flagicon image\|Flag of the Islamic Front (Syria) (Black).svg}} Ahmed Issa al-Sheikh<ref name=BBC22Nov>{{cite web\|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-25053525\|title=Leading Syrian rebel groups form new Islamic Front\|publisher=BBC\|date=22 November 2013\|accessdate=22 January 2014}}</ref>{{-}}<small>(Leader of the ])</small>
	* {{flagicon image\|Flag of the Islamic Front (Syria) (Black).svg}} Abu Omar Hureitan<ref name=BBC22Nov />{{-}}<small>(Deputy Leader of the ])</small>
	* {{flagicon image\|Flag of the Islamic Front (Syria) (Black).svg}} Zahran Alloush{{WIA}}<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/02/20/us-syria-crisis-rebel-idUSBRE91J0D420130220\|title=Missile blast wounds Syrian rebel commander: activists\|publisher=]\|date=20 February 2013\|accessdate=7 November 2013}}</ref>{{-}}<small>(Head of military operations of the ])</small><ref name=BBC22Nov />
	* {{flagicon image\|Flag of the Islamic Front (Syria) (Black).svg}} Hassan Aboud{{KIA}}<ref></ref>{{-}}<small>(Head of the political bureau of the ])</small><ref name=BBC22Nov />
	* {{flagicon image\|Flag of the Islamic Front (Syria) (Black).svg}} ]{{KIA}}<ref> (Reuters), 18 November 2013</ref>{{-}}<small>(Former top Commander of ])</small>
	}}
	----
	{{Plainlist\|
	* {{flagicon image\|Flag of Jabhat al-Nusra.jpg}} ]{{WIA}}<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.facebook.com/syriaohr/posts/367316493376695 \|title=Al-Nusra leader injured by regime bombardment \|publisher=Facebook.com \|date= \|accessdate=2013-05-16}}</ref>{{-}}<small>(Leader of ])</small>
	}}
	\|commander3={{Plainlist\|
	* {{flagicon image\|Flag_of_the_Islamic_State.svg}} ]<ref>{{cite news\|work=United States Department of State \|url=http://www.state.gov/r/pa/prs/ps/2013/08/213032.htm\|title=U.S. Condemns Terrorist Attacks in Iraq and Pledges to Help Combat al Qaeda \|date=10 August 2013}}</ref>{{-}}<small>(Caliph of the ])</small>
	* {{flagicon image\|Flag_of_the_Islamic_State.svg}} ]<ref>{{cite news\|work=CNN \|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2014/09/18/world/meast/isis-syria-iraq-hierarchy/\|title=The Anatomy of ISIS \|date=22 September 2014}}</ref>{{-}}<small>(Field Commander)</small>
	* {{flagicon image\|Flag_of_the_Islamic_State.svg}} ]{{-}}<small>(Spokesperson)</small>
	* {{flagicon image\|Flag_of_the_Islamic_State.svg}} ]{{-}}<small>(Deputy, Iraq)</small>
	* {{flagicon image\|Flag_of_the_Islamic_State.svg}} ]{{-}}<small>(Deputy, Syria)</small>
	* {{flagicon image\|Flag_of_the_Islamic_State.svg}} Abu Bakr al-Iraqi ("Haji Bakr"){{KIA}}<ref>{{cite news\|work=Alarabiya\|url=http://english.alarabiya.net/en/News/2014/02/13/Exclusive-Top-ISIS-leaders-revealed.html\|title=Top ISIS Leaders are Revealed \|date=13 February 2014}}</ref>{{-}}<small>(Commander)</small>
	* {{flagicon image\|Flag_of_the_Islamic_State.svg}} Abu Ayman al-Iraqi{{-}}<small>(Commander)</small>

			== Bibliography ==
			* {{cite book
			\|last=Rashid
			\|first=Bedir Mulla
			\|translator=Obaida Hitto
			\|title=Military and Security Structures of the Autonomous Administration in Syria
			\|url=http://omranstudies.org/publications/reports/download/68_d403f01ed28320cb2e67b13cffb381c7.html
			\|orig-year=1st pub. 2017
			\|date=2018
			\|publisher=Omran for Strategic Studies
			\|location=]
	}}		}}
			</noinclude>

	\|strength1=]: 178,000<ref>{{cite news\|url=http://globalfirepower.com/country-military-strength-detail.asp?country_id=Syria\|title=Syria military strength detail \|publisher=Global Fire Power\|date=27 March 2014}}</ref>–250,000<ref>{{cite news\|url=http://www.timeslive.co.za/world/2014/03/11/as-syria-war-enters-fourth-year-regime-eyes-victory \|title=As Syria war enters fourth year, regime eyes victory\|work=Times \|date=11 March 2014}}</ref>

	]: 8,000<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.dailystar.com.lb/News/Middle-East/2013/Aug-28/228953-syrias-diminished-security-forces.ashx#axzz31ko8ddGF\|title=Syria's diminished security forces\|publisher=AFP\|date=28 August 2013\|accessdate=14 May 2014}}</ref>

	National Defence Force: 80,000<ref> ], 16 June 2014</ref>

	Hezbollah: 8,000–10,000<ref name="qusairtoyabrud"></ref>

	Ba'ath Brigades: 7,000<ref>{{cite news\|url=http://www.al-akhbar.com/node/197848\|title=«كتائب البعث» إلى شوارع دمشق \|publisher=Al Akhbar \|date=14 January 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news\|url=http://carnegieendowment.org/syriaincrisis/?fa=54167\|title=The Baath Battalions Move Into Damascus\|publisher=Carnegie Endowment\|date=13 January 2014\|author=Aron Lund}}</ref>

	al-Abbas brigade: 10,000<ref> retrieved 5 June 2013</ref> (8,000 Iraqis)<ref></ref>

	Iran: 500–1,000<ref name="qusairtoyabrud" />
	----
	----
	Popular Protection Units (YPG): 10,000–35,000<ref name="guide" /><ref>{{cite news\|title=Kurdish militia has 35,000 fighters: spokesman
	\|url=http://www.dailystar.com.lb/News/Middle-East/2013/Dec-27/242372-kurdish-militia-has-35000-fighters-spokesman.ashx#axzz2oNa3sbT8\|newspaper=The Daily Star\|date=27 December 2013}}</ref><br>
	Jabhat al-Akrad: 7,000<ref name="hijacked">{{cite news\|url=http://rudaw.net/english/middleeast/syria/11082013\|publisher=Rudaw\|title= Kurdish Commander: Jihadi Groups in Syria Have Hijacked FSA\|date=11 August 2013\|author=Mutlu Civiroglu }}</ref>


	\|strength2=
	Free Syrian Army: 40,000–50,000<ref>{{cite news\|last=Cockburn\|first=Patrick\|title=West suspends aid for Islamist rebels in Syria, underlining their disillusionment with those forces opposed to President Bashar al-Assad\|url=http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/west-suspends-aid-for-islamist-rebels-in-syria-underlining-their-disillusionment-with-those-forces-opposed-to-president-bashar-alassad-8998891.html\|newspaper=The Independent\|date=11 December 2013}}</ref>

	Islamic Front: 40,000–70,000<ref></ref>

	]: 7,000–9,000<ref name="guide">{{cite news\|title=Syria crisis: Guide to armed and political opposition\|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-24403003\|publisher=BBC\|date=13 December 2013}}</ref>

	Asala wa al-Tanmiya Front: 13,000<ref name="guide" />

	Army of Mujahedeen: 5,000<ref name=Reuters9Jan>{{cite web\|url=http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/01/09/us-syria-crisis-rebels-factbox-idUSBREA080SW20140109 \|title=Factbox: Syria's rebel groups \|publisher=Reuters \|date=9 January 2014\|accessdate=9 January 2014}}</ref>–12,000<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.mcclatchydc.com/2014/01/06/213669/al-qaida-rebels-leave-mass-grave.html\|title=Al Qaida rebels leave mass grave behind as they desert base in Syria\|publisher=McClatchy\|date=6 January 2014\|accessdate=8 January 2014}}</ref>

	Al-Nusra Front: 5,000–6,000<ref>{{cite news\|title=Why Is Jabhat al-Nusra No Longer Useful to Turkey?\|url=http://www.usnews.com/news/articles/2014/06/11/why-is-jabhat-al-nusra-no-longer-useful-to-turkey\|publisher=U.S News\|date=11 June 2014}}</ref><br />

	----
	\|strength3=
	Islamic State: 31,000<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-29169914\|title=Islamic State fighter estimate triples - CIA\|publisher=BBC\|date=12 September 2014}}</ref>-50,000<ref>{{cite web\|url=https://now.mmedia.me/lb/en/nowsyrialatestnews/560782-ngo-jihadist-islamic-state-has-50000-members-in-syria\|title=NGO: Islamic State has
	50,000 members in Syria\|publisher=NOW News\|date=19 August 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/middleeast/2014/08/islamic-state-50000-fighters-syria-2014819184258421392.html\|title=Islamic State 'has 50,000 fighters in Syria'\|publisher=Al Jazeera\|date=19 August 2014}}</ref>


	\|casualties1='''Syrian government'''
	40,438<ref name=SOHR>{{cite web\|url=http://www.syriahr.com/index.php?option=com_news&nid=22274&Itemid=2&task=displaynews#.U_ZtKPmSyyE \|title= More than 260 thousand killed and killed and been killed since the start of the revolution \|accessdate=21 August 2014}}</ref>–75,000<ref name=SOHR1></ref> soldiers and policemen killed<br />
	25,927<ref name=SOHR />–40,000<ref name=SOHR1 /> militiamen killed<br />
	1,000 government officials killed<ref name="safepassage">{{cite web\|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/2012/11/06/syria-cameron-safe-passage-assad_n_2081341.html \|title=David Cameron Offers 'Safe Passage' For Syria's Bashar Al-Assad, But Not To Britain (PICTURES) \|work=Huffington Post\|date=6 November 2012}}</ref><br />
	7,000 soldiers and militiamen and 2,000 supporters captured<ref name=SOHR /><br />
	'''Hezbollah'''<br />561 killed<ref name=SOHR /><br />
	'''Other non-Syrian fighters'''<br />1,854 killed<ref name=SOHR />

	\|casualties2= '''Syrian rebels:'''
	49,699<ref name=SOHR />–115,000<ref>With SOHR already stating that the number of government and rebel fatalities is evenly divided and an upper estimate of pro-government fatalities to be 115,000, a higher figure of rebels killed can be estimated to be 115,000 as well. This would be in line with SOHR's estimate that the number of combatant dead being double the documented number</ref><br />
	At least 3,000 rebels killed fighting the Islamic State (as of June 2014)<ref name="ISClashes">{{cite web \| url= http://www.syriahr.com/index.php?option=com_news&nid=20553&Itemid=2&task=displaynews#.VChsMfldWPZ \|last1= \|first1= \| title= Thousands were killed during clashes with the Islamic State
	\|publisher= Syrian Observatory for Human Rights \| accessdate= 29 September 2014 \| quote=}}</ref><br />
	979 protesters killed<ref name="almost11,500">{{cite web\|url=http://ansamed.ansa.it/ansamed/en/news/sections/politics/2012/03/19/visualizza_new.html_134589467.html \|title=Syria: Opposition, almost 11,500 civilians killed \|publisher=Ansamed.ansa.it \|date=2010-01-03 \|accessdate=2013-08-27}}</ref><br />
	25,500 opposition fighters and supporters captured or missing<ref name=SOHR /><br />
	\|casualties3='''Islamic State:'''
	Unknown, at least 2,200 killed in battles against the opposition as of June 2014<ref name="ISClashes"/>

	\|notes= <big><div class="center" style="width: auto; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">

	'''Kurds:'''
	At least 597 fighters killed <small>(])</small>
	----
	58,805<ref name=SOHR />–74,143<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.vdc-sy.org/index.php/en/home\|title=Violations Documenting Center\|date=21 August 2014\|accessdate=21 August 2014\|publisher=Violations Documenting Center}}</ref> (2,680 ]) civilian deaths documented by opposition<br />
	52 ] killed
	----
	'''180,215<ref name=SOHR />''' deaths overall documented by ]*<br />
	'''260,215''' killed overall (SOHR estimate)*<ref name=SOHR /><br />
	'''191,369''' killed overall (end of April 2014 ] estimate)*<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2014/08/22/world/meast/syria-conflict/index.html?hpt=imi_c2 \|title= With more than 191,000 dead in Syria, U.N. rights chief slams global 'paralysis'}}</ref><br />
	'''130,000''' captured or missing overall<ref>{{cite web \|url=http://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/view/syrias-meltdown-requires-a-u.s.-led-response \|title=Syria's Meltdown Requires a U.S.-Led Response \|publisher=Washington Institute for Near East Policy \|date=22 March 2013}}</ref><br />
	----
	4.5 million (UN, Sep 2013) – 5.1 million (iDMC, Sep 2013) internally ]<ref name=NYT5Sep'13>"," ''The New York Times'', September 5, 2013: UN says: 6.5 million displaced, of whom 2 million fled out of the country</ref><ref name="interdisp">{{cite web\|url=http://www.internal-displacement.org/countries/syria\|title=Syria: A full-scale displacement and humanitarian crisis with no solutions in sight}}, iDMC, Sep 2013: 5.1 million
	internally displaced ("forced to flee their homes because their lives were at danger, but did not cross international borders")</ref><ref name="pbs">{{cite web\|url=http://www.pbs.org/newshour/rundown/2013/02/syrian-internally-displaced.html\|title=Dispatch: Syria's Internally Displaced Depend on Handouts}}, UN, Feb 2013: 2.5 million internally displaced</ref><br />
	3,000,000 ] (by November 2013)<ref>{{cite web\|agency=AAP\|url=http://www.sbs.com.au/news/article/2013/11/29/syrian-refugees-top-three-million-mark-un \|title=Syrian refugees top three million mark: UN\|publisher=SBS News \|date=2013-11-29 \|accessdate=2014-01-03}}</ref></div></big>
	----
	<br />*Numbers include foreign fighters from both sides, as well as foreign civilians
	}}<noinclude>

	== References ==
	{{reflist\|colwidth=30em}}
	]
	]

Latest revision as of 10:30, 24 December 2024

Syrian civil war

Part of the Arab Spring, Arab Winter, Second Arab Spring, spillover of the Iraqi Civil War, War against the Islamic State, War on Terror, Kurdish–Turkish conflict, Arab–Israeli conflict, and the Iran–Israel/Iran–Saudi/Iran–Turkey proxy wars

Military situation as of December 21, 2024 at 2:00pm ET

Syrian transitional government: Tahrir al-Sham and allies Arab defectors from the SDF

Autonomous Administration of
North and East Syria: Syrian Democratic Forces and American occupation

Syrian Interim Government: Syrian National Army and Turkish occupation

Other former rebel forces: Southern Operations Room Syrian Free Army Syrian Free Army and American occupation

Others: Russian occupation Israeli occupation Uncertain/mixed (full list of factions, detailed map)

Date	15 March 2011 (2011-03-15) – present (13 years, 9 months, 1 week and 3 days)
Location	Syria (with spillovers in neighboring countries)
Status	Ongoing Bashar al-Assad is overthrown Rebels capture most of Syria and establish a transitional government Israel invades the Golan Heights buffer zone and the neighboring Syrian towns The SNA launches an offensive on SDF forces in Northeastern Syria

Belligerents

Full list of factions

Casualties and losses

Total deaths
580,000–617,910+
Civilian deaths
219,223–306,887+
Displaced people

6.7 million internally
6.6 million externally (refugees) (March 2021)

References

Formed in January 2017 as a merger between Jaysh al-Ahrar (a faction of Ahrar al-Sham), Ansar al-Din Front, Jaysh al-Sunna, Jabhat Fatah al-Sham (successor of Al-Nusra Front) and Liwa al-Haqq
The Israeli occupation of the Golan Heights is shown in light grey. The Golan Heights has been under de facto Israeli control since 1967. Israeli sovereignty was recognized by the United States in 2019, but is not recognized by the United Nations or any member states except the United States and Israel.
Attributed to multiple sources:
With Ba'athist regime prevailing, the hostilities were mostly put on hold between 6 March 2020 and 27 November 2024, when the Syrian opposition launched a campaign of quick successful military offensives in Northwestern Syria, toppling the Assad regime on 8 December. Further fate of the ongoing conflict remains uncertain.
88% of whom were killed by government or Russian forces, according to the SOHR

"Golan Heights: Trump signs order recognising occupied area as Israeli". BBC News. 25 March 2019.
"The Golan Heights: What's at Stake With Trump's Recognition". www.cfr.org. Council on Foreign Relations. 28 March 2019.
"Syrian Civil War Enters 10th Year". Voice of America. RFE/RL. 2020-03-15. Archived from the original on Apr 3, 2024.
"Syria: Grim 10-year anniversary of 'unimaginable violence and indignities'". UN News. 2021-03-15. Archived from the original on Mar 13, 2024.
Sherlock, Ruth; Neuman, Scott; Homsi, Nada (March 15, 2021). "Syria's Civil War Started A Decade Ago. Here's Where It Stands". NPR. Archived from the original on Apr 18, 2024.
Ozcan, Ethem Emre (March 14, 2021). "10 years since start of Syrian civil war". Anadolu Ajansı. Archived from the original on Nov 26, 2023.
Romey, Kristin (March 9, 2022). "11 years into Syria's civil war, this is what everyday life looks like". National Geographic. Photographs by Keo, William. Archived from the original on 9 Mar 2022.
"Twelve years on from the beginning of Syria's war". Al Jazeera. 15 Mar 2023. Archived from the original on Jul 3, 2024.
Nawaz, Amna; Warsi, Zeba; Cebrián Aranda, Teresa (2023-03-15). "Syrians mark 12 years of civil war with no end in sight". PBS News. Archived from the original on Jun 20, 2024.
"Why has the Syrian war lasted 12 years?". BBC News. 2016-03-15. Archived from the original on Jul 4, 2024.
"Syria". GCR2P. 1 December 2022. Archived from the original on 28 January 2023.
^ "Syrian Revolution 13 years on | Nearly 618,000 persons killed since the onset of the revolution in March 2011". Syrian Observatory for Human Rights. 15 March 2024. Retrieved 15 March 2024.
"UN Human Rights Office estimates more than 306,000 civilians were killed over 10 years in Syria conflict". United Nations. 28 June 2022. Retrieved 23 April 2023.
"Civilian Deaths in the Syrian Arab Republic: Report of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights". United Nations. 28 June 2022. Archived from the original on 28 June 2022. Over the past ten years, civilians have borne the brunt of the conflict, with an estimated 306,887 direct civilian deaths occurring.
"Syria emergency". United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR).

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Bibliography

Rashid, Bedir Mulla (2018) . Military and Security Structures of the Autonomous Administration in Syria. Translated by Obaida Hitto. Istanbul: Omran for Strategic Studies.

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