1992–94 Crimean crisis: Difference between revisions

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	The '''1992–94 Crimean Crisis''' was the first ] between ] and the ]. The crisis was spawned by a dispute between Ukraine and Russia over the status of the ] and ]. The dispute was largely settled in 1994, when Russia recognised Crimea as part of Ukraine. The matter of the Black Sea Fleet was settled later, in 1997, with the signing of the ]. The dispute was revived in 2014, in the aftermath of the ], leading to a new ], and the ].

	==Political situation in Crimea==
	{{see also\|Russia and the United Nations#Legality}}
	In January 1991, in ] took place a ] on status of the region which reflected the will of people for their region to receive autonomy within the ] and participation in the ] (also known as the Novo-Ogoryovo process). Next month, the ] adopted a law about reconstituting the ] as part of the ]. Soon after the ] and declaration of the Ukrainian independence, on September 4, 1991 the Supreme Council of Crimea adopted the Declaration about state sovereignty as a democratic state within Ukraine and participant of the ]. On December 1, 1991 over half of Crimea population who voted (~67% participated) voted for the independence of Ukraine at the All-Ukrainian referendum. After the ] fell through and the ] (December 8) were concluded between Russia, Belarus and Ukraine, Crimea was grandfathered with its autonomous status within the independent Ukraine. The representatives of the National Front "Sevastopol-Crimea-Russia" protested it stating that Crimea never ceded from the USSR.{{citation needed\|date=August 2014}}

	==Status of the Black Sea Fleet==
	Soon after the ], on August 24, 1991 the ] beside adopting the ], it issued several other important resolutions among which was the resolution on military formations in Ukraine No.1431-XII.<ref>. official document</ref> The parliament's resolution laid its claim over all military formations of former ] located within its territory to be subordinated to the parliament of Ukraine. On September 12, 1991, the Supreme Council adopted the law about Succession of Ukraine, which declared Ukraine direct successor of the ].

	On October 22, 1991, the parliament adopted in the first reading the ] about the ]. Realizing the loss of great military power situated outside of the ], on October 28, 1991 the ] ] announced the following: "it is politically justified to have joint forces of the CIS under the sole control". The proposition arose wide degree of discussions which were decided to be resolved after the signing of the second new Union Treaty, now is known as ]. The treaty for creation of the ] in regards to military declared saving and maintaining common military-strategic space under a single command. The parliament of Ukraine amended it with the following: "Member states of the Commonwealth of reform based on their territory units of the armed forces of the former USSR, and creating at their base their own armed forces, will cooperate in maintaining international peace and security". Few days later the newly elected ] ] created the post of Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of Ukraine that were to be created based on military of the ], ], ] Soviet military districts as well as the ]. Performing the duties of Commander-in-Chief were entrusted to the ]. At the same time, Ukraine assured of cooperation in military field with other states of the ] and the Ministry of Defense of not liquidated USSR.

	==President of Crimea==
	{{see also\|Yuriy Meshkov\|President of Crimea}}
	], ] (1994–95).]]
	In 1990, Meshkov was elected as a deputy to the ] (the republic's parliament). There he became the co-founder of the RDK Party (Republican movement of Crimea). In 1994, he stood at the helm of the electoral bloc "Rossiya" for the ], where he easily defeated in the second round of elections ] who ran as an independent. At that time, Bahrov was the head of the ]. During the second round of the ], Meshkov won with 72.9 percent of the vote, and was elected as the republic's only president.<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.assembly-weu.org/en/documents/sessions_ordinaires/rpt/2001/1761.pdf\|title=New developments in Russia, Belarus and Ukraine\|accessdate=2007-08-07\|date=4 December 2001\|format=PDF\|work=Assembly of WEU\|page=24}}</ref><ref name="bohlen1994">Bohlen, Celestine (23 March 1994). '']''</ref>

	In 1995, the ] scrapped the Crimean Constitution and abolished the post of president on 17 March.<ref>{{Cite Ukrainian law\|type=]\|number=93/95-вр\|law=92%2F95%2D%E2%F0\|name=On the termination of the Constitution and some laws of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea\|date=1995-03-17}}</ref><ref name="nytstaff1995">Staff report (19 March 1995). '']''</ref> After a couple of warnings in September and November 1994, on 17 March 1995 the ], ], signed the Law of Ukraine that scrapped the amended Crimean Constitution and some other Laws of AR Crimea, on the grounds that they contradicted the ] and endangered the sovereignty of Ukraine.{{citation needed\|date=March 2014}}

	==Incident with SKR-112==
	{{see also\|Ukrainian frigate Otaman Bilyi (U132)}}

	==See also==
	*]
	*]
	*]

	==Further reading==
	* Savchenko, M. ''Anatomy of undeclared war''. "Ukrayinska perspektyva". Kiev, 1997. ISBN 966-7243-20-6

	==References==
	{{reflist}}

	==External links==
	* . (parts , , , , , , , , , , , ). Independent Analytic Center of Geopolitical Research "Borysfen Inter" (BIntel).
	* Natalya Belitser. ''''. International Committee for Crimea
	* . ForPost (Sevastopol portal)
	* Mamchak, M. ''''. Ukrainian life in Sevastopol.
	* Balitskaya, I. ''''. Telekritika. June 17, 2014
	* . Center of information and documentation of Crimean Tatars.
	* Holod, I. ''How Ukraine had beed tried to be pulled into the new Union''. (part , ).

	{{2014 Crimean crisis}}

	{{DEFAULTSORT:1992-94 Crimean crisis}}
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Republic of Crimea (1992–1995)