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] castle, possibly the location of performances of BWV 233 to 236]]
#redirect]
Apart from the ] (later incorporated in the ]), ] wrote four further ]es, ] 233–236. These compositions, consisting of the first two sections of the ] (i.e. the ] and the ]), have been indicated as ] (Latin for "short masses") or ] Masses.

They seem to have been intended for liturgical use, considering a performance time of about 20 minutes each, the average duration of a ]. They may have been composed around 1738/39.<ref>]: ''Johann Sebastian Bach'', 2nd edition 2007. S. Fischer, Frankfurt, {{ISBN|978-3-596-16739-5}}</ref> Possibly they were written for Count ] or performed by him in ] (German: Lissa).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.baroquemusic.org/bqxsporck.html |title=Count Frantisek Antonin von Sporck |accessdate=20 September 2010 |publisher=baroquemusic.org}}</ref>

Each of the Kyrie-Gloria Masses is in six movements: the Kyrie is one choral movement (with Kyrie/Christe/Kyrie subdivisions) and the Gloria is in five movements. The first and last movement of the Gloria are also choral, framing three ]s for different ]s. The music consists mostly of ] of earlier cantata movements.<ref name="LCM">{{cite web |url=http://www.aucx96.dsl.pipex.com/Lbsdb/LBSDB_LC_INTRO.html |title=Bach's Latin Church Music |author=Margaret Steinitz |accessdate=16 September 2010 |publisher=London Bach Society |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110715085014/http://www.aucx96.dsl.pipex.com/Lbsdb/LBSDB_LC_INTRO.html |archive-date=15 July 2011 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Bach changed the music slightly to adjust to the Latin words, but kept the original instrumentation. For instance, the opening chorus of ], became the final movement of the Missa in G minor, ''Cum sancto spiritu''. Occasionally he switched a voice part, for example he asked for a ] in the ''Qui tollis'' of that Missa, a parody of the ] aria ''Gott versorget alles Leben'' of that cantata.

==History==
{{see also|Bach's church music in Latin|Missa brevis#Kyrie–Gloria Masses}}
{{expand section|date=March 2018}}

==Compositions==
===<span id="BWV 233">Kyrie–Gloria Mass in F major, BWV 233</span>===
For the {{lang|la|Missa}} in ], BWV 233, scored for horns, oboes, bassoon, strings, ], and ], Bach derived most of the six movements from earlier cantatas as ].<ref name="BWV1998p234–250">{{in lang|de}} {{Wikicite|ref={{harvid|Schmieder, Dürr, and Kobayashi|1998}}|reference=], ], and Yoshitake Kobayashi (eds.). 1998. Wiesbaden: ]. {{ISBN|978-3765102493}}}}, pp.&nbsp;234–250</ref> The first movement derives from Kyrie "Christe, du Lamm Gottes" in F&nbsp;major, BWV 233a, which may have been performed for the first time on ], 6 April 1708.<ref name="BDW0292">Work {{BDW|0292}} at ] website.</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
|- style="background-color:#E0E0E0;"
! No.
! Title
! Voice
! Base
|-
| &nbsp; 1
| ''{{lang|grc|Kyrie eleison – Christe eleison – Kyrie eleison}}''
| Chorus
| BWV 233a
|-
| &nbsp; 2
| ''{{lang|la|Gloria in excelsis}}''
| Chorus
|
|-
| &nbsp; 3
| ''{{lang|la|Domine Deus}}''
| Bass
| possibly ]/6<ref>{{in lang|it}} ]. ''Frau Musika: La vita e le opere di J. S. Bach'', Volume 2: Turin: EDT, 1983. {{ISBN|88-7063-028-5}}, </ref>
|-
| &nbsp; 4
| ''{{lang|la|Qui tollis}}''
| Soprano
| ]/3
|-
| &nbsp; 5
| ''{{lang|la|Quoniam}}''
| Alto
| ]/5
|-
| &nbsp; 6
| ''{{lang|la|Cum sancto Spiritu}}''
| Chorus
| ]/1
|}

===<span id="BWV 234">Kyrie–Gloria Mass in A major, BWV 234</span>===
For the {{lang|la|Missa}} in ], BWV 234, scored for flute, strings, SATB, and basso continuo, Bach parodied music from at least four earlier cantatas.<ref name="BWV1998p234–250" />

{| class="wikitable"
|- style="background-color:#E0E0E0;"
! No.
! Title
! Voice
! Base
|-
| &nbsp; 1
| ''Kyrie eleison – Christe eleison – Kyrie eleison''
| Chorus
|
|-
| &nbsp; 2
| ''Gloria in excelsis''
| Chorus
| ]/6
|-
| &nbsp; 3
| ''Domine Deus''
| Bass
|
|-
| &nbsp; 4
| ''Qui tollis''
| Soprano
| ]/5
|-
| &nbsp; 5
| ''Quoniam''
| Alto
| ]/2
|-
| &nbsp; 6
| ''Cum sancto Spiritu''
| Chorus
| Vivace part: ]/1
|}

===<span id="BWV 235">Kyrie–Gloria Mass in G minor, BWV 235</span>===
For the {{lang|la|Missa}} in ], BWV 235, scored for oboes, strings, SATB, basso continuo, Bach derived all six movements from cantatas as parodies.<ref name="BWV1998p234–250" />

{| class="wikitable"
|- style="background-color:#E0E0E0;"
! No.
! Title
! Voice
! Base
|-
| &nbsp; 1
| ''Kyrie eleison – Christe eleison – Kyrie eleison''
| Chorus
| ]/1
|-
| &nbsp; 2
| ''Gloria in excelsis''
| Chorus
| ]/1
|-
| &nbsp; 3
| ''Gratias''
| Bass
| ]/4
|-
| &nbsp; 4
| ''Domine Fili''
| Alto
| ]/3
|-
| &nbsp; 5
| ''Qui tollis'' – ''Quoniam''
| Tenor
| ]/5
|-
| &nbsp; 6
| ''Cum sancto Spiritu''
| Chorus
| ]/1
|}

===<span id="BWV 236">Kyrie–Gloria Mass in G major, BWV 236</span>===
For the {{lang|la|Missa}} in ], BWV 236, scored for oboes, strings, SATB, basso continuo, Bach derived all six movements from cantatas as parodies.<ref name="BWV1998p234–250" />

{| class="wikitable"
|- style="background-color:#E0E0E0;"
! No.
! Title
! Voice
! Base
|-
| &nbsp; 1
| ''Kyrie eleison – Christe eleison – Kyrie eleison''
| Chorus
| ]/1
|-
| &nbsp; 2
| ''Gloria in excelsis''
| Chorus
| ]/1
|-
| &nbsp; 3
| ''Gratias''
| Bass
| ]/5
|-
| &nbsp; 4
| ''Domine Deus''
| Soprano, alto
| ]/5
|-
| &nbsp; 5
| ''Quoniam''
| Tenor
| ]/3
|-
| &nbsp; 6
| ''Cum sancto Spiritu''
| Chorus
| ]/1
|}

==Reception==
{{expand section|date=March 2018}}
In 1818 the Missa in A&nbsp;major, BWV&nbsp;234, was one of a very few of Bach's compositions for voices and orchestra to appear in print prior to the ] complete edition in the second half of the 19th century.<ref name="Terry1920pxvii">]. "Introduction" of '']''. London: Constable (1920), </ref>

==Discography==

*''J.S. Bach: Missae Breves'', ], Schwäbischer Singkreis Stuttgart, Ton-Studio Orchestra Stuttgart, ], ], ], ], Renaissance / Baroque Music Club early 1950s?
*''J.S. Bach: Masses'', ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], Intercord 1967
*''J.S. Bach: Missae Breves'', ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], Philips 1965, 1970
*''Bach: Messen BWV 233-236'', ], ], ], ], ], ], ], Eterna 1972 — re-issued Brilliant Classics 99361/3 and 4
*''The Great Choral Masterpieces'', ], ], ], ], ], ], ], Philips 1991
*''J.S. Bach: Missae Breves BWV 233-236'', ], Capella Brugensis, Collegium Instrumentale Brugense, ], ], ], ], Eufoda 2000
*''J.S. Bach: Complete Cantatas Vol. 22'', ], ], ], ], ], ], Antoine Marchand 2005
*''Bach: Lutheran Masses, BWV 233-236'', ], Publick Musick, ], ], ], ], ], Eufoda 2005
*''Bach: Masses, BWV 233-236 & Sanctus, BWV 238, ] & ], EMI Records Ltd/Virgin Classics 2010''

==References==
<references />

==External links==
* {{IMSLP2|work=Template:Masses_and_Magnificats_(Bach,_Johann_Sebastian)|cname=Masses and Magnificats by Johann_Sebastian Bach}}
* and : performances by the ] (video and background information)

{{Masses and Magnificats by Johann Sebastian Bach}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kyrie-Gloria masses, BWV 233-236}}
]
]

Latest revision as of 02:59, 24 September 2024

Lysa castle, possibly the location of performances of BWV 233 to 236

Apart from the 1733 Mass for the Dresden court (later incorporated in the Mass in B minor), Johann Sebastian Bach wrote four further Kyrie–Gloria Masses, BWV 233–236. These compositions, consisting of the first two sections of the Mass ordinary (i.e. the Kyrie and the Gloria), have been indicated as Missae breves (Latin for "short masses") or Lutheran Masses.

They seem to have been intended for liturgical use, considering a performance time of about 20 minutes each, the average duration of a Bach cantata. They may have been composed around 1738/39. Possibly they were written for Count Franz Anton von Sporck or performed by him in Lysá (German: Lissa).

Each of the Kyrie-Gloria Masses is in six movements: the Kyrie is one choral movement (with Kyrie/Christe/Kyrie subdivisions) and the Gloria is in five movements. The first and last movement of the Gloria are also choral, framing three arias for different voice types. The music consists mostly of parodies of earlier cantata movements. Bach changed the music slightly to adjust to the Latin words, but kept the original instrumentation. For instance, the opening chorus of Es wartet alles auf dich, BWV 187, became the final movement of the Missa in G minor, Cum sancto spiritu. Occasionally he switched a voice part, for example he asked for a tenor in the Qui tollis of that Missa, a parody of the soprano aria Gott versorget alles Leben of that cantata.

History

See also: Bach's church music in Latin and Missa brevis § Kyrie–Gloria Masses
This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (March 2018)

Compositions

Kyrie–Gloria Mass in F major, BWV 233

For the Missa in F major, BWV 233, scored for horns, oboes, bassoon, strings, SATB, and basso continuo, Bach derived most of the six movements from earlier cantatas as parodies. The first movement derives from Kyrie "Christe, du Lamm Gottes" in F major, BWV 233a, which may have been performed for the first time on Good Friday, 6 April 1708.

No. Title Voice Base
  1 Kyrie eleison – Christe eleison – Kyrie eleison Chorus BWV 233a
  2 Gloria in excelsis Chorus
  3 Domine Deus Bass possibly BWV Anh. 18/6
  4 Qui tollis Soprano BWV 102/3
  5 Quoniam Alto BWV 102/5
  6 Cum sancto Spiritu Chorus BWV 40/1

Kyrie–Gloria Mass in A major, BWV 234

For the Missa in A major, BWV 234, scored for flute, strings, SATB, and basso continuo, Bach parodied music from at least four earlier cantatas.

No. Title Voice Base
  1 Kyrie eleison – Christe eleison – Kyrie eleison Chorus
  2 Gloria in excelsis Chorus BWV 67/6
  3 Domine Deus Bass
  4 Qui tollis Soprano BWV 179/5
  5 Quoniam Alto BWV 79/2
  6 Cum sancto Spiritu Chorus Vivace part: BWV 136/1

Kyrie–Gloria Mass in G minor, BWV 235

For the Missa in G minor, BWV 235, scored for oboes, strings, SATB, basso continuo, Bach derived all six movements from cantatas as parodies.

No. Title Voice Base
  1 Kyrie eleison – Christe eleison – Kyrie eleison Chorus BWV 102/1
  2 Gloria in excelsis Chorus BWV 72/1
  3 Gratias Bass BWV 187/4
  4 Domine Fili Alto BWV 187/3
  5 Qui tollis – Quoniam Tenor BWV 187/5
  6 Cum sancto Spiritu Chorus BWV 187/1

Kyrie–Gloria Mass in G major, BWV 236

For the Missa in G major, BWV 236, scored for oboes, strings, SATB, basso continuo, Bach derived all six movements from cantatas as parodies.

No. Title Voice Base
  1 Kyrie eleison – Christe eleison – Kyrie eleison Chorus BWV 179/1
  2 Gloria in excelsis Chorus BWV 79/1
  3 Gratias Bass BWV 138/5
  4 Domine Deus Soprano, alto BWV 79/5
  5 Quoniam Tenor BWV 179/3
  6 Cum sancto Spiritu Chorus BWV 17/1

Reception

This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (March 2018)

In 1818 the Missa in A major, BWV 234, was one of a very few of Bach's compositions for voices and orchestra to appear in print prior to the Bach Gesellschaft complete edition in the second half of the 19th century.

Discography

References

  1. Christoph Wolff: Johann Sebastian Bach, 2nd edition 2007. S. Fischer, Frankfurt, ISBN 978-3-596-16739-5
  2. "Count Frantisek Antonin von Sporck". baroquemusic.org. Retrieved 20 September 2010.
  3. Margaret Steinitz. "Bach's Latin Church Music". London Bach Society. Archived from the original on 15 July 2011. Retrieved 16 September 2010.
  4. ^ (in German) Schmieder, Wolfgang, Alfred Dürr, and Yoshitake Kobayashi (eds.). 1998. Bach-Werke-Verzeichnis: Kleine Ausgabe (BWV). Wiesbaden: Breitkopf & Härtel. ISBN 978-3765102493, pp. 234–250
  5. Work 00292 at Bach Digital website.
  6. (in Italian) Alberto Basso. Frau Musika: La vita e le opere di J. S. Bach, Volume 2: Lipsia e le opere de la maturità (1723–1750). Turin: EDT, 1983. ISBN 88-7063-028-5, p. 518
  7. Charles Sanford Terry. "Introduction" of Johann Sebastian Bach: His Life, Art, and Work. London: Constable (1920), p. xvii

External links

Masses, magnificat, passions and oratorios by Johann Sebastian Bach
Latin church music
Passions
Oratorios
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