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{{Short description|Inflammation of the testicles}}
{{Infobox disease
{{Infobox medical condition (new)
⚫ | Name = {{PAGENAME}}
| Image = | name = Orchitis
| Caption = | synonyms = Orchiditis
| DiseasesDB = 4342 | image =
| ICD10 = {{ICD10|N|45||n|40}} | caption =
| pronounce = {{IPAc-en|ˌ|ɔr|ˈ|k|aɪ|t|ɪ|s}}, {{IPAc-en|ˌ|ɔr|k|ɪ|ˈ|d|aɪ|t|ɪ|s}}
⚫ | ICD9 = {{ICD9|604}}
| ICDO = | field = ]
| OMIM = | symptoms =
| MedlinePlus = 001280 | complications =
| onset =
⚫ | eMedicineSubj = emerg
| duration =
⚫ | eMedicineTopic = 344
| MeshID = D009920 | types =
| causes =
| risks =
| diagnosis =
| differential =
| prevention =
| treatment =
| medication =
| prognosis =
| frequency =
| deaths =
}} }}
'''Orchitis''' {{IPAc-en|ˌ|ɔr|ˈ|k|aɪ|t|ɪ|s}} or '''orchiditis''' {{IPAc-en|ˌ|ɔr|k|ɪ|ˈ|d|aɪ|t|ɪ|s}} (from the Ancient Greek ] meaning "testicle"; same root as '']'') is ] of the ].<ref>{{DorlandsDict|six/000075643|orchitis}}</ref> It can also involve swelling, heavy pains and frequent infection, and is more rarely known as '''didymitis''' (as in '']'').


'''Orchitis''' is ] of the ]s.<ref>{{DorlandsDict|six/000075643|orchitis}}</ref> It can also involve swelling, pains and frequent infection, particularly of the ], as in ]. The term is from the Ancient Greek ] meaning "testicle"; same root as '']''.
==Symptoms==

⚫ ]s of orchitis are similar to those of ]. These can include:{{fact|date=November 2014}}
==Signs and symptoms==
⚫ ]s of orchitis are similar to those of ]. These can include:{{citation needed|date=November 2014}}
* ] (blood in the ]) * ] (blood in the ])
* ] (blood in the ]) * ] (blood in the ])
Line 23: Line 34:


==Causes== ==Causes==
Orchitis can be related to ] infection that has spread to the ] (then called "epididymo-orchitis"), sometimes caused by the ]s ] and ]. It has also been reported in cases of males infected with ].<ref>''Brucellosis in Humans and Animals'' World Health Organization Publication number WHO/CDS/EPR/2006.7{{pn|date=November 2014}}</ref> Orchitis can also be seen during active ], particularly in adolescent boys. Orchitis can be related to ] infection that has spread to the ] (then called "epididymo-orchitis"), sometimes caused by the ]s ] and ]. It has also been reported in cases of males infected with ].<ref>''Brucellosis in Humans and Animals'' World Health Organization Publication number WHO/CDS/EPR/2006.7 {{page needed|date=November 2014}}</ref> Orchitis can also be seen during active ], particularly in adolescent boys.{{citation needed|date=May 2021}}


] orchitis may result from damage to the blood vessels of the ] during ], and may in the worst event lead to ].<ref>{{cite journal |author=Simons MP, Aufenacker T, Bay-Nielsen M, ''et al.'' |title=European Hernia Society guidelines on the treatment of inguinal hernia in adult patients |journal=Hernia |volume=13 |issue=4 |pages=343–403 |year=2009 |month=August |pmid=19636493 |pmc=2719730 |doi=10.1007/s10029-009-0529-7}}</ref> ] orchitis may result from damage to the blood vessels of the ] during ], and may in the worst event lead to ].<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Simons MP, Aufenacker T, Bay-Nielsen M, etal |title=European Hernia Society guidelines on the treatment of inguinal hernia in adult patients |journal=Hernia |volume=13 |issue=4 |pages=343–403 |date=August 2009 |pmid=19636493 |pmc=2719730 |doi=10.1007/s10029-009-0529-7}}</ref>

==Diagnosis==
] of the scrotum, in the ], showing orchitis (as part of ]) as ] and slightly heterogenic left testicular tissue (right in image), with an increased blood flow. There is also swelling of peritesticular tissue.]]
* Blood – ESR high
* Urine – Cultural & Sensitivity test
* Ultrasound scanning


==Treatment== ==Treatment==
In most cases where orchitis is caused by epididymitis, treatment is an oral antibiotic such as ] or ] until infection clears up. In both causes ] such as ] or ] are recommended to relieve pain. Sometimes stronger pain medications in the ] category are called for and are frequently prescribed by experienced emergency room physicians.{{fact|date=November 2014}} In most cases where orchitis is caused by epididymitis, treatment is an oral antibiotic such as ] or ] until infection clears up. In both causes ] such as ] or ] are recommended to relieve pain. Sometimes stronger pain medications in the ] category are called for and are frequently prescribed by experienced ] physicians.{{citation needed|date=November 2014}}


== Orchitis in animals == == Other animals ==
⚫ Orchitis is not rare in ]s and ].{{citation needed|date=November 2014}} It has also been described in ]s.<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Monleon R, Martin MP, John Barnes H |title=Bacterial orchitis and epididymo-orchitis in broiler breeders |journal=Avian Pathology |volume=37 |issue=6 |pages=613–7 |date=December 2008 |pmid=19023758 |doi=10.1080/03079450802499134|s2cid=41011955 |doi-access=free }}</ref>
]]]
Orchitis is not rare in ]s and ].{{fact|date=November 2014}}

⚫ It has also been described in ]s.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Monleon R, Martin MP, John Barnes H |title=Bacterial orchitis and epididymo-orchitis in broiler breeders |journal=Avian Pathology |volume=37 |issue=6 |pages=613–7 |year=2008 |month=December |pmid=19023758 |doi=10.1080/03079450802499134}}</ref>


==References== ==References==
{{reflist}} {{reflist}}

==Further reading==
* {{cite journal |vauthors=Lefort C, Thoumas D, Badachi Y, etal |date=July 2001 |title=Orchites ischémiques: À propos de 5 cas diagnostiqués en écho-Doppler couleur |trans-title=Ischemic orchiditis: review of 5 cases diagnosed by color Doppler ultrasonography |language=French |journal=Journal de Radiologie |volume=82 |issue=7 |pages=839–42 |pmid=11507447 |id={{INIST|1080037}} |url=http://www.masson.fr/masson/MDOI-JR-07-2001-82-07-0221-0363-101019-ART4}}
* {{cite journal |vauthors=Chung JJ, Kim MJ, Lee T, Yoo HS, Lee JT |date=September 1997 |title=Sonographic findings in tuberculous epididymitis and epididymo-orchitis |journal=Journal of Clinical Ultrasound |volume=25 |issue=7 |pages=390–4 |pmid=9282805 |doi=10.1002/(SICI)1097-0096(199709)25:7<390::AID-JCU7>3.0.CO;2-5|s2cid=23653479 }}
* {{cite journal |vauthors=Fong Y, Wantz GE |date=May 1992 |title=Prevention of ischemic orchitis during inguinal hernioplasty |journal=Surgery, Gynecology & Obstetrics |volume=174 |issue=5 |pages=399–402 |pmid=1570618}}
* {{cite journal |vauthors=Beard CM, Benson RC, Kelalis PP, ], Kurland LT |date=January 1977 |title=The incidence and outcome of mumps orchitis in Rochester, Minnesota, 1935 to 1974 |journal=Mayo Clinic Proceedings |volume=52 |issue=1 |pages=3–7 |pmid=609284}}
* {{cite journal |vauthors=Bigazzi PE, Kosuda LL, Hsu KC, Andres GA |date=February 1976 |title=Immune complex orchitis in vasectomized rabbits |journal=The Journal of Experimental Medicine |volume=143 |issue=2 |pages=382–404 |pmid=129498 |pmc=2190126 |doi=10.1084/jem.143.2.382}}
* {{cite journal |vauthors=Lynch VP, Eakins D, Morrison E |date=August 1968 |title=Granulomatous orchitis |journal=British Journal of Urology |volume=40 |issue=4 |pages=451–8 |pmid=5678169 |doi=10.1111/j.1464-410X.1968.tb11832.x}}
* {{cite journal |author=Dreyfuss W |date=April 1954 |title=Acute granulomatous orchiditis |journal=The Journal of Urology |volume=71 |issue=4 |pages=483–7 |pmid=13152871|doi=10.1016/S0022-5347(17)67813-3 }}
* {{cite journal |author=Lambert B |year=1951 |title=The frequency of mumps and of mumps orchitis and the consequences for sexuality and fertility |journal=Acta Genetica et Statistica Medica |volume=2 |issue=Suppl. 1 |pages=1–166 |pmid=15444009}}
* {{cite journal |author=Grünberg H |year=1926 |title=Three unusual cases of chronic orchitis clinically resembling tumors of the testis |journal=Frankfurt Z Pathol |volume=33 |pages=217–27}}


==External links== ==External links==
{{Medical resources
* at ]
| DiseasesDB = 4342
⚫ | ICD10 = {{ICD10|N|45||n|40}}
⚫ | ICD9 = {{ICD9|604}}
| ICDO =
| OMIM =
| MedlinePlus = 001280
⚫ | eMedicineSubj = emerg
⚫ | eMedicineTopic = 344
| MeshID = D009920
}}


{{Male diseases of the pelvis and genitals}} {{Male diseases of the pelvis and genitals}}
{{Authority control}}
{{Inflammation}}

] ]
] ]
] ]
]

Latest revision as of 19:12, 13 July 2024

Inflammation of the testicles Medical condition
Orchitis
Other namesOrchiditis
Pronunciation
SpecialtyUrology

Orchitis is inflammation of the testicles. It can also involve swelling, pains and frequent infection, particularly of the epididymis, as in epididymitis. The term is from the Ancient Greek ὄρχις meaning "testicle"; same root as orchid.

Signs and symptoms

Symptoms of orchitis are similar to those of testicular torsion. These can include:

Causes

Orchitis can be related to epididymitis infection that has spread to the testicles (then called "epididymo-orchitis"), sometimes caused by the sexually transmitted infections chlamydia and gonorrhea. It has also been reported in cases of males infected with brucellosis. Orchitis can also be seen during active mumps, particularly in adolescent boys.

Ischemic orchitis may result from damage to the blood vessels of the spermatic cord during inguinal herniorrhaphy, and may in the worst event lead to testicular atrophy.

Diagnosis

Doppler ultrasound of the scrotum, in the axial plane, showing orchitis (as part of epididymo-orchitis) as hypoechogenic and slightly heterogenic left testicular tissue (right in image), with an increased blood flow. There is also swelling of peritesticular tissue.
  • Blood – ESR high
  • Urine – Cultural & Sensitivity test
  • Ultrasound scanning

Treatment

In most cases where orchitis is caused by epididymitis, treatment is an oral antibiotic such as cefalexin or ciprofloxacin until infection clears up. In both causes non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs such as naproxen or ibuprofen are recommended to relieve pain. Sometimes stronger pain medications in the opiate category are called for and are frequently prescribed by experienced emergency department physicians.

Other animals

Orchitis is not rare in bulls and rams. It has also been described in roosters.

References

  1. "orchitis" at Dorland's Medical Dictionary
  2. Brucellosis in Humans and Animals World Health Organization Publication number WHO/CDS/EPR/2006.7
  3. Simons MP, Aufenacker T, Bay-Nielsen M, et al. (August 2009). "European Hernia Society guidelines on the treatment of inguinal hernia in adult patients". Hernia. 13 (4): 343–403. doi:10.1007/s10029-009-0529-7. PMC 2719730. PMID 19636493.
  4. Monleon R, Martin MP, John Barnes H (December 2008). "Bacterial orchitis and epididymo-orchitis in broiler breeders". Avian Pathology. 37 (6): 613–7. doi:10.1080/03079450802499134. PMID 19023758. S2CID 41011955.

Further reading

External links

ClassificationD
External resources
Male diseases of the pelvis and genitals
Internal
Testicular
Epididymis
Prostate
Seminal vesicle
External
Penis
Scrotum
Other
Categories: