Misplaced Pages

Erdős–Bacon number: Difference between revisions

Article snapshot taken from Wikipedia with creative commons attribution-sharealike license. Give it a read and then ask your questions in the chat. We can research this topic together.
Browse history interactively← Previous editContent deleted Content addedVisualWikitext
Revision as of 13:42, 9 December 2014 editZeugma fr (talk | contribs)Extended confirmed users504 edits Undid revision 634982138 by 75.73.71.82 (talk) ? self-promotion ?← Previous edit Latest revision as of 16:07, 14 November 2024 edit undo57.129.128.221 (talk) Undid revision 1257137396 by 37.201.145.15 (talk)Tags: Undo references removed 
(710 intermediate revisions by more than 100 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
{{Short description|Closeness of someone's association with mathematician Paul Erdős and actor Kevin Bacon}}
{{Synthesis|article|date=July 2013}}
A person's '''Erdős–Bacon number''' is the sum of one's ]—which measures the "collaborative distance" in authoring academic papers between that person and Hungarian mathematician ]—and one's ]—which represents the number of links, through roles in films, by which the person is separated from American actor ].<ref name=Singh2002>{{cite news |first=Simon |last=Singh |author-link=Simon Singh |title=And the winner tonight is |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/science/science-news/4768389/And-the-winner-tonight-is.html |work=The Telegraph |date=May 1, 2002 |access-date=September 26, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121112081753/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/science/science-news/4768389/And-the-winner-tonight-is.html |archive-date=November 12, 2012 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=USAToday20070814>{{cite news |url=http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/printedition/life/20070814/bl_cover14_side.art.htm |title=There's not much separating her from Bacon, Erdos |work=] |date=August 14, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121104060408/http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/printedition/life/20070814/bl_cover14_side.art.htm |archive-date=November 4, 2012 |url-status=live}}</ref> The lower the number, the closer a person is to Erdős and Bacon, which reflects a ] in academia and entertainment.<ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1038/30835 |year=1998 |last1=Collins |first1=James J. |last2=Chow |first2=Carson C. |journal=Nature |volume=393 |issue=6684 |pages=409–10 |pmid=9623993 |title=It's a small world|bibcode=1998Natur.393..409C |s2cid=6827605 }}</ref>


To have a defined Erdős–Bacon number, it is necessary to have both appeared in a film and co-authored an academic paper, although this in and of itself is not sufficient as one's co-authors must have a known chain leading to ], and one's film must have actors eventually leading to ].
A person's '''Erdős–Bacon number''' is the sum of one's ]—which measures the "collaborative distance" in authoring mathematical papers between that person and Hungarian mathematician ]—and one's ]—which represents the number of links, through roles in films, by which the individual is separated from American actor ].<ref name=Singh2002>{{cite news |first=Simon |last=Singh |authorlink=Simon Singh |title=And the winner tonight is |url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/science/science-news/4768389/And-the-winner-tonight-is.html |work=The Telegraph |date=May 1, 2002 |accessdate=September 26, 2013 |archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20121112081753/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/science/science-news/4768389/And-the-winner-tonight-is.html |archivedate=November 12, 2012 |deadurl=no}}</ref><ref name=USAToday20070814>{{cite news |url=http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/printedition/life/20070814/bl_cover14_side.art.htm |title=There's not much separating her from Bacon, Erdos |work=] |date=August 14, 2007 |archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20121104060408/http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/printedition/life/20070814/bl_cover14_side.art.htm |archivedate=November 4, 2012 |deadurl=no}}</ref> The lower the number, the closer a person is to Erdős and Bacon, which reflects a ] in academia and entertainment.<ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1038/30835 |year=1998 |last1=Collins |first1=James J. |last2=Chow |first2=Carson C. |journal=Nature |volume=393 |issue=6684 |pages=409–10 |pmid=9623993 |title=It's a small world}}</ref>
<!--Paul Erdős has an Erdős–Bacon number of 3, having a Bacon number of 3 and an Erdős number of 0. He appeared in '']'' alongside ], who was in '']''{{dubious|date=March 2018}}--><!--Whatever IMDb might say, I am by no means convinced that renowned mathematician ] took time out to appear in a low-budget horror movie--><!-- (2016) with Dave Johnson,<ref>{{IMDb name |id=nm3083308 |name=Dave Johnson (XXVII)}}</ref> who was in '']'' with ].--><!--Removed until a better/non-OR source is found for Erdős' Bacon number.-->


==Academic scientists==
In general, to have a defined Erdős–Bacon number, it is a necessary (but not a sufficient) condition for one to have both appeared in a film and co-authored an academic paper. It is not sufficient because it may still be impossible to reach Erdős through one's academic coauthors or Bacon through one's film co-appearances.
] has Erdős–Bacon number 3, as he co-authored work with ] in Nature Physics,<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Posfai |first=Marton |date=2024 |title=Impact of physicality on network structure |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41567-023-02267-1 |journal=Nature Physics |volume=20 |pages=142–149}}</ref> who has Erdős number 1, as he coauthored multiple papers with Erdős. Barabási has Bacon number of 1 via the documentary , released in 2008.


] ] has an Erdős–Bacon number of 3. He co-authored papers with Erdős and has a Bacon number of 2 via ] in '']''; Driver and Bacon appeared together in '']''.<ref name="enp1999">{{cite web |url=http://www.acs.oakland.edu/~grossman/Erdoshp.html |title=The Erdös Number Project |first=Jerry |last=Grossman |date=January 27, 1999 |publisher=] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19990203155656/http://www.acs.oakland.edu/~grossman/Erdoshp.html |archive-date=1999-02-03|url-status=dead|access-date=2021-03-03}}</ref>
==Scientists==
] ] has an Erdős number of no more than 4<ref name="SaganErdos">{{cite web | url=http://www.oakland.edu/enp/erdpaths.html | title=The Erdős Number Project, Paths to Erdős | accessdate=2009-10-27}} {{Dead link|date=October 2010|bot=H3llBot}}</ref> via ] and a Bacon number of 2,<ref name="SaganBacon">{{cite web
| url = http://oracleofbacon.org/movielinks.php?game=0&a=Kevin+Bacon&b=Carl+Sagan&use_using=1&u0=on&dir=0&use_genres=1&g5=on&g7=on&g8=on&g20=on
| title = The Oracle of Bacon at Virginia
| accessdate = 2013-01-22
}}{{self-published inline|date=September 2013}}</ref> for a total of 6. ] ] has an Erdős number of 3<ref name="Erdos">{{cite web | url = http://www.oakland.edu/enp/erdpaths.html | title = The Erdős Number Project, Paths to Erdős | accessdate = 2006-12-01 |archiveurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20061107014644/http://www.oakland.edu/enp/erdpaths.html <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archivedate = 2006-11-07}}</ref> and a Bacon number of 3, having appeared in the film '']'' alongside ].<ref name="BaconFeynman">{{cite web
| url = http://oracleofbacon.org/cgi-bin/oracle/movielinks?firstname=Kevin+Bacon&game=1&secondname=Richard+Feynman
| title = The Oracle of Bacon at Virginia
| accessdate = 2006-12-05
}}{{self-published inline|date=September 2013}}</ref>


Like Kleitman, mathematician ] has co-authored a paper with Erdős<ref>{{cite journal|title= The asymptotic behavior of a family of sequences |author-last1= Erdős |author-first1= P. |author-last2= Hildebrand |author-first2= A. |author-last3= Odlyzko |author-first3= A. |author-last4= Pudaite |author-first4= P. |author-last5= Reznick |author-first5= B. |author-link5= Bruce Reznick |journal= ] |volume= 126 |year= 1987 |issue= 2 |pages= 227–241|url=https://projecteuclid.org/journals/pacific-journal-of-mathematics/volume-126/issue-2/The-asymptotic-behavior-of-a-family-of-sequences/pjm/1102699802.full}}</ref> and has a Bacon number of 2, via ] in the film '']'' where he appeared as an extra, giving him an Erdős–Bacon number of 3 as well.<ref name="enp2020">{{cite web |url=https://wwwp.oakland.edu/enp/related/ |title=The Erdös Number Project |first=Jerry |last=Grossman |date=December 6, 2018 |publisher=Oakland University |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200311191235/https://wwwp.oakland.edu/enp/related/ |archive-date=2020-03-11|url-status=live|access-date=2021-03-03}}</ref>
Electrical and computer engineering professor ] has an Erdős–Bacon number of five.<ref name="MarksIMDb">{{IMDb name|2990293|Robert J. Marks II}}{{failed verification|date=September 2013}}</ref><ref name="Wunsch">{{cite journal |doi=10.1364/AO.31.005681 |title=Limitations of a class of binary phase-only filters |year=1992 |last1=Wunsch Ii |first1=Donald C. |last2=Marks Ii |first2=Robert J. |last3=Caudell |first3=Thomas P. |last4=Capps |first4=C. David |journal=Applied Optics |volume=31 |issue=26 |pages=5681–7 |pmid=20733753}} and {{cite journal |doi=10.1109/72.238321 |title=An optoelectronic implementation of the adaptive resonance neural network |year=1993 |last1=Wunsch |first1=D.C. |last2=Caudell |first2=T.P. |last3=Capps |first3=C.D. |last4=Marks |first4=R.J. |last5=Falk |first5=R.A. |journal=IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks |volume=4 |issue=4 |pages=673–84 |pmid=18267767}}</ref><ref name="Harary">{{cite journal |doi=10.1080/0020716042000261432 |title=Algorithms for derivation of structurally stable Hamiltonian signed graphs |year=2004 |last1=Harary |first1=Frank |last2=Lim |first2=Meng-Hiot |last3=Agarwal ‡ |first3=Amit |last4=Wunsch § |first4=Donald C. |journal=International Journal of Computer Mathematics |volume=81 |issue=11 |pages=1349–56}}</ref><ref name="ERDDD">{{cite journal |doi=10.1112/S0025579300005222 |title=On the dimension of a graph |year=2010 |last1=Erdös |first1=Paul |last2=Harary |first2=Frank |last3=Tutte |first3=William T. |journal=Mathematika |volume=12 |issue=2 |pages=118–22}} and {{cite book |doi=10.1016/S0167-5060(08)70698-8 |chapter=Residually-Complete Graphs |title=Combinatorial Mathematics, Optimal Designs and Their Applications |series=Annals of Discrete Mathematics |year=1980 |last1=Erdös |first1=Paul |last2=Harary |first2=Frank |last3=Klawe |first3=Maria |isbn=978-0-444-86048-4 |volume=6 |pages=117–23}}</ref> His colleague, ] advocate ] consequently has an Erdős–Bacon number of six
<ref name="DembskiIMDb">{{IMDb name|1745037|William Dembski}}{{failed verification|date=September 2013}}</ref><ref name="DembskiMarks">{{cite journal |doi=10.1109/TSMCA.2009.2025027 |title=Conservation of Information in Search: Measuring the Cost of Success |year=2009 |last1=Dembski |first1=William A. |last2=Marks Ii |first2=Robert J. |journal=IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics - Part A: Systems and Humans |volume=39 |issue=5 |pages=1051–61}}</ref><ref name="DembMarks2">{{IMDb title|1091617|Expelled: No Intelligence Allowed}}{{failed verification|date=September 2013}}</ref> and biochemist ] has an Erdős–Bacon number of seven<ref name="BehiMarks">{{cite book |doi=10.1142/8818 |title=Biological Information |year=2013 |last1=Marks Ii |first1=Robert J |last2=Behe |first2=Michael J |last3=Dembski |first3=William A |last4=Gordon |first4=Bruce L |last5=Sanford |first5=John C |isbn=978-981-4508-71-1}}{{page needed|date=September 2013}}</ref><ref name="BehiD">{{IMDb title|0459139|Unlocking the Mystery of Life}}{{failed verification|date=September 2013}}</ref>


Belgian economist ] has an Erdős number of 4,<ref name="ManiquetEBS">{{cite web |title=The Oracle of Bacon |url=http://oracleofbacon.org/cgi-bin/oracle/movielinks?firstname=Kevin+Bacon&game=1&secondname=Fran%C3%A7ois+Maniquet |website=oracleofbacon.org}}</ref> and also a Bacon number of 3 via the 2017 French film ''An Indian Tale'', so that his Erdős–Bacon number is 7.
Geneticist ] appeared in the 1998 movie '']''<ref name="ReferenceA">{{IMDb title|0119934|Without Limits}} as David Bedford, the English distance runner, in the 1972 Munich Olympics</ref> which gives him a Bacon Number of 2.<ref name="ReferenceB">{{IMBd title|0077975|Animal House}} with Donald Southerland who portrayed Bill Bowerman in Without Limits and Kevin Bacon</ref> Pritchard has an Erdős Number of 4<ref name="ReferenceC">{{cite journal |title=Population Growth of Human Y. Chromosomes: A Study of Y Chromosome Microsatellites |year=1999 |last1=Pritchard |first1=Jonathan K. |last2=Seielstad |first2=Mark T. |last3=Perez-Lezaun |first3=Anna |last4=Feldman |first4=Marcus W. |journal=Molecular Biology and Evolution |volume=16 |pages=1791–1798 |doi=10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a026091 |pmid=10605120 |issue=12}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |title=The Evolution of Biology: A direct approach through the theory of linkage and selection |year=1971 |last1=Feldman |first1=Marcus W. |last2=Karlin |first2=Samuel |journal=Theoretical Population Biology |volume=2 |issue=4 |pages=482–492 |doi=10.1016/0040-5809(71)90036-0}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |title=On certain determinants whose elements are orthogonal polynomials |year=1960 |last1=Karlin |first1=Samuel |last2=Szegö |first2=Gábor |journal=Journal d’Analyse Mathématique |volume=8 |issue=1 |pages=1–157 |doi=10.1007/bf02786848}}</ref><ref name="On a Problem of I. Schur">{{cite journal |title=On a Problem of I. Schur |year=1942 |last1=Erdős |first1=Paul |last2=Szegö |first2=Gábor |journal=Annals of Mathematics |volume=43 |pages=451–470 |doi=10.2307/1968803}}</ref> thus giving him an Erdős–Bacon Number of 6.


Physicist ] has an Erdős number of 2,<ref name="FeynmanEBS" /> and also a Bacon number of 2 via the ] film '']'',<ref name=MetropolisEBS/> giving him an Erdős–Bacon number of 4.
Scientist and artist ] has a Erdős–Bacon number of 6.<ref>http://goldberg.berkeley.edu/bio.html</ref> Goldberg co-wrote ] and Peter Coyote was also in it. Coyote was in ] with Zooey Deschanel. Deschanel was in Sundance Skippy with Kevin Bacon. This gives a Bacon number of 3.


Metropolis and ] both worked on the ] at ]. Via Metropolis, Feynman has an Erdős number of 3 and, from having appeared in the film '']'' alongside ], Feynman also has a Bacon number of 3. Richard Feynman thus has an Erdős–Bacon number of 6.<ref name="FeynmanEBS" />
Computer scientist and mathematician Hubie Chen has an Erdős–Bacon number of 5: he has an Erdős number of 3 via Manuel Bodirsky,<ref>http://www.informatik.uni-trier.de/~ley/pers/hd/c/Chen:Hubie</ref> and has a Bacon number of 2 via Rebecca Hall.<ref>http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0497465/</ref>


Theoretical physicist ] has an Erdős–Bacon number of 6: his Bacon number of 2 (via his appearance alongside ] in '']'', who acted alongside Kevin Bacon in '']'') is lower than his Erdős number of 4.<ref name="HawkingEBS" />
Mathematician Allan "Dan" Muir (at ] from 1966 to 1990) has an Erdős–Bacon number of 7: using the name Allan Muir he has an Erdős number of 4 via ], Karel Pickry and Kenneth Kunen and appeared as the Cresecent and Red Dog Knights in the film '']'' using the name Dan Muir<ref>http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0611339/</ref> giving him a Bacon number of 3.


Theoretical physicist ] has an Erdős–Bacon number of 7: perhaps surprisingly, his Bacon number of 3 (via his appearance alongside ] in an episode of '']'') is lower than his Erdős number of 4. Similarly to Stephen Hawking, scientist ] has an Erdős–Bacon number of 6, also from a Bacon number of 2 and an Erdős number of 4.<ref name=SaganEBS/>


Mathematician ] has an Erdős number of 3<ref name="ellenberg-erdos">{{cite web|url= https://mathscinet.ams.org/mathscinet/freeTools.html?version=2 |title= MR: Search MSC database |website= ] |quote= MR Erdos Number = 3 Jordan S. Ellenberg coauthored with Christopher M. Skinner MR1844206 Christopher M. Skinner coauthored with Andrew M. Odlyzko MR1210537 Andrew M. Odlyzko coauthored with Paul Erdős1 MR0535395 |access-date= 2022-02-06}}</ref> and a Bacon number of 2 due to a cameo appearance in the film '']'' for which he was also the mathematical consultant.<ref name="ellenberg-bacon">{{cite web|url= http://oracleofbacon.org/movielinks.php?firstname=Kevin+Bacon&game=1&secondname=Jordan+Ellenberg |title=The Oracle of Bacon|website=oracleofbacon.org |access-date=2022-02-14}}</ref>
] Professor of Applied Mathematics ] is currently considered to have the joint lowest Erdős–Bacon number of 3, having co-authored a paper with Erdős and appeared as an extra and consultant on '']'' alongside ] who appeared with Bacon in '']''.<ref>http://www.oakland.edu/enp/related/</ref>

Linguist ] has an Erdős number of 4,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.csauthors.net/distance/noam-chomsky/paul-erdos|title=From Noam Chomsky to Paul Erdős in four papers.|website=csauthors.net}}</ref> he also co-starred with ] in the 2005 documentary ''The Peace!'', giving him a Bacon number of 2<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://oracleofbacon.org/movielinks.php?firstname=Kevin+Bacon&game=1&secondname=Noam+Chomsky|title=The Oracle of Bacon|website=oracleofbacon.org}}</ref> and combined Erdős–Bacon number of 6.


==Actors== ==Actors==
], who played ] in '']'', has an Erdős–Bacon number of 6. While an undergraduate at the ], McKellar coauthored a ] paper<ref name="ChayesMcKellar"/> with Lincoln Chayes, who via his wife ]<ref name="ChayesKotecky"/> has an Erdős number of 3, giving McKellar one of 4. Having worked with ], McKellar has a Bacon number of 2.<ref name=USAToday20070814/>


Israeli-American actress ] has an Erdős–Bacon number of 7.<ref name="auto2">{{Cite web|url=https://liquidnarrative.eae.utah.edu/erdos-bacon/|title=MICHAEL'S ERDŐS-BACON NUMBER &#124; The Liquid Narrative Research Group|website=liquidnarrative.eae.utah.edu}}</ref> She collaborated (using her birth name, Natalie Hershlag) with Abigail A. Baird,<ref name="lobe">{{cite journal |doi=10.1006/nimg.2002.1170 |title=Frontal Lobe Activation during Object Permanence: Data from Near-Infrared Spectroscopy |year=2002 |last1=Baird |first1=A |journal=NeuroImage |volume=16 |issue=4 |pages=1120–5 |pmid=12202098 |last2=Kagan |first2=J |last3=Gaudette |first3=T |last4=Walz |first4=KA |last5=Hershlag |first5=N |author-link5= Natalie Hershlag |last6=Boas |first6=DA|s2cid=15630444 }}</ref> who has a collaboration path<ref name=reduction>{{cite journal |doi=10.1162/0898929053467569 |title=Functional Connectivity: Integrating Behavioral, Diffusion Tensor Imaging, and Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Data Sets |year=2005 |last1=Baird |first1=Abigail A. |last2=Colvin |first2=Mary K. |last3=Vanhorn |first3=John D. |last4=Inati |first4=Souheil |last5=Gazzaniga |first5=Michael S. |journal=Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience |volume=17 |issue=4 |pages=687–93 |pmid=15829087|citeseerx=10.1.1.484.1868 |s2cid=4666737 }}</ref><ref name="parallel">{{cite journal |last1=Victor |first1=Jonathan D. |first2=Kenneth |last2=Maiese |first3=Robert |last3=Shapley |first4=John |last4=Sidtis |first5=Michael S. |last5=Gazzaniga |year=1989 |title=Acquired central dyschromatopsia: analysis of a case with preservation of color discrimination |journal=Clinical Vision Sciences |volume=4 |pages=183–96}}</ref><ref name="2D">{{cite journal |doi=10.1137/0513062 |title=Combinatorial Applications of Hermite Polynomials |year=1982 |last1=Azor |first1=Ruth |last2=Gillis |first2=J. |last3=Victor |first3=J. D. |journal=SIAM Journal on Mathematical Analysis |volume=13 |issue=5 |pages=879–90}}</ref> leading to ], who has an Erdős number of 1, giving Portman an Erdős number of 5.<ref name="logic">{{cite journal |doi=10.1112/jlms/s1-12.2.185 |title=Note on the Transfinite Diameter |year=2009 |last1=Erdos |first1=P. |last2=Gillis |first2=J. |journal=Journal of the London Mathematical Society |issue=3 |page=185 |volume=s1-12}}</ref> Portman appeared in ''A Powerful Noise Live'' (2009) with ], who appeared in '']'' (2007) with Bacon, giving Portman a Bacon number of 2.<ref name="portman-bacon">{{cite web|url= http://oracleofbacon.org/movielinks.php?firstname=Kevin+Bacon&game=1&secondname=Natalie+Portman |title=The Oracle of Bacon|website=oracleofbacon.org |access-date=2023-05-03}}</ref>
Former ] ]<ref name="Kira">{{cite web|url=http://kiraleehayashi.com/|title=Kiralee Hayashi's website}}{{self-published inline|date=September 2013}}</ref> may be the professional actress with the lowest Erdős number (3),{{Citation needed|date=July 2013}} having co-written a peer-reviewed mathematics paper on ]s with Fields medalist ],<ref name="Yau">{{cite web|url=http://www.loni.ucla.edu/~thompson/ERDOS/erdo.htm|title=Paul Thompson's Erdos Number Page}}{{dead link|date=September 2013}}{{self-published inline|date=September 2013}}</ref> and having a Bacon number of 2,<ref name="OracB">{{self-published inline|date=September 2013}}</ref> giving her an Erdős–Bacon number of 5.<ref name=autogenerated1>{{cite web|url=http://www.loni.ucla.edu/~thompson/ERDOS/erdo.htm |title=Erdos Number Page |publisher=loni.ucla.edu |date= |accessdate=December 29, 2011}}{{dead link|date=September 2013}}{{self-published inline|date=September 2013}}</ref>


British actor ] has an Erdős–Bacon number of 6. Firth is credited as co-author of a neuroscience paper, "Political Orientations Are Correlated with Brain Structure in Young Adults",<ref name=":0">{{cite journal |doi=10.1016/j.cub.2011.03.017 |title=Political Orientations Are Correlated with Brain Structure in Young Adults |year=2011 |last1=Kanai |first1=Ryota |last2=Feilden |first2=Tom |last3=Firth |first3=Colin |author-link3= Colin Firth |last4=Rees |first4=Geraint |author-link4= Geraint Rees |journal=] |volume=21 |issue=8 |pages=677–80 |pmid=21474316 |pmc=3092984}}</ref> after he suggested on ] that such a study could be done.<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-13661538 | work=] | title=Colin Firth credited in brain research | date=2011-06-05 |access-date=2021-03-13}}</ref> Another author of that paper, ], has an Erdős number of 4,<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.csauthors.net/distance/geraint-rees-0001/paul-erdos |title= From Geraint Rees 0001 to Paul Erdős in four papers |website=csauthors.net|access-date=2021-03-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210313125119/https://www.csauthors.net/distance/geraint-rees-0001/paul-erdos |archive-date=2021-03-13|url-status=live}}</ref> which gives Firth an Erdős number of 5. Firth's Bacon number of 1 is due to his appearance in '']''.<ref name="Where the Truth Lies IMDB">{{IMDb title|qid=Q151848|title=Where the Truth Lies}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= http://oracleofbacon.org/movielinks.php?firstname=Kevin+Bacon&game=1&secondname=Colin+Firth |title=The Oracle of Bacon|website=oracleofbacon.org |access-date=2021-03-13}}</ref>
], most famous for her role as ] in '']'', has an Erdős–Bacon number of 6, having coauthored a ] paper published while an undergraduate at ]. Her paper gives her an Erdős number of 4, and a Bacon number of 2, both of them having worked with ].<ref name=USAToday20070814/>


] has an Erdős–Bacon number of 7; she is credited as a co-author on an ] paper that was written after a technique was used for her short film '']'', giving her an Erdős number of 5,<ref name="KSPE">{{cite web|url=https://qz.com/889668/actress-kristen-stewart-yes-that-kristen-stewart-just-released-a-research-paper-on-artificial-intelligence/|title=Kristen Stewart (yes, that Kristen Stewart) just released a research paper on artificial intelligence|first=Dave|last=Gershgorn|date=19 January 2017 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.csauthors.net/distance/paul-erdos/kristen-stewart-001|title=From Paul Erdős to Kristen Stewart in five papers.|access-date=2021-03-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180314174422/https://www.csauthors.net/distance/paul-erdos/kristen-stewart|archive-date=2018-03-14|url-status=live}}</ref> and she co-starred with ] in '']'', who co-starred with Bacon in '']'', giving her a Bacon number of 2.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://oracleofbacon.org/movielinks.php?firstname=Kevin+Bacon&game=1&secondname=Kristen+Stewart |title=The Oracle of Bacon|website=oracleofbacon.org |access-date=2021-03-13}}</ref>
US actress ] has an Erdős–Bacon number of 7. She collaborated (using her birth name, Natalie Hershlag) with Abigail A. Baird,<ref name="lobe">{{cite journal |doi=10.1006/nimg.2002.1170 |title=Frontal Lobe Activation during Object Permanence: Data from Near-Infrared Spectroscopy |year=2002 |last1=Baird |first1=A |journal=NeuroImage |volume=16 |issue=4 |pages=1120–5 |pmid=12202098 |last2=Kagan |first2=J |last3=Gaudette |first3=T |last4=Walz |first4=KA |last5=Hershlag |first5=N |last6=Boas |first6=DA}}</ref> who has a collaboration path<ref name=reduction>{{cite journal |doi=10.1162/0898929053467569 |title=Functional Connectivity: Integrating Behavioral, Diffusion Tensor Imaging, and Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Data Sets |year=2005 |last1=Baird |first1=Abigail A. |last2=Colvin |first2=Mary K. |last3=Vanhorn |first3=John D. |last4=Inati |first4=Souheil |last5=Gazzaniga |first5=Michael S. |journal=Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience |volume=17 |issue=4 |pages=687–93 |pmid=15829087}}</ref><ref name="parallel">{{cite journal |last1=Victor |first1=Jonathan D. |first2=Kenneth |last2=Maiese |first3=Robert |last3=Shapley |first4=John |last4=Sidtis |first5=Michael S. |last5=Gazzaniga |year=1989 |title=Acquired central dyschromatopsia: analysis of a case with preservation of color discrimination |journal=Clinical Vision Sciences |volume=4 |pages=183–96}}</ref><ref name="2D">{{cite journal |doi=10.1137/0513062 |title=Combinatorial Applications of Hermite Polynomials |year=1982 |last1=Azor |first1=Ruth |last2=Gillis |first2=J. |last3=Victor |first3=J. D. |journal=SIAM Journal on Mathematical Analysis |volume=13 |issue=5 |pages=879–90}}</ref> leading to ], who has an Erdős number of 1.<ref name="logic">{{cite journal |doi=10.1112/jlms/s1-12.2.185 |title=Note on the Transfinite Diameter |year=2009 |last1=Erdos |first1=P. |last2=Gillis |first2=J. |journal=Journal of the London Mathematical Society |issue=3 |pages=185}}</ref> Portman appeared in ''A Powerful Noise Live'' (2009) with ], who appeared in '']'' (2007) with Bacon, giving Portman a Bacon number of 2 and an Erdős number of 5.


] has an Erdős–Bacon number of 6. He co-authored a peer-reviewed paper on The 2D shape structure dataset: A user annotated open access database May 2016 with Axel Carlier, Kathryn Leonard, Stefanie Hahmann and Geraldine Morin, giving him an Erdős number of 4.<ref name="2DS">{{cite web|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/303027523_The_2D_shape_structure_dataset_A_user_annotated_open_access_database|title=ResearchGate.net The 2D shape structure dataset: A user annotated open access database|access-date=2024-02-12}}</ref> and he co-starred with ] in '']'', who co-starred with Bacon in '']'', giving him a Bacon number of 2.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://oracleofbacon.org/movielinks.php?firstname=Kevin+Bacon&game=1&secondname=Misha+Collins |title=The Oracle of Bacon|website=oracleofbacon.org |access-date=2024-02-12}}</ref>
British actor ] has an Erdős–Bacon number of 7.<ref name="Where the Truth Lies IMDB">{{cite web| url = http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0373450/| title = Where the Truth Lies| accessdate = 2013-11-29}}</ref> Firth is formally credited as co-author of a neuroscience paper, "Political Orientations Are Correlated with Brain Structure in Young Adults",<ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1016/j.cub.2011.03.017 |title=Political Orientations Are Correlated with Brain Structure in Young Adults |year=2011 |last1=Kanai |first1=Ryota |last2=Feilden |first2=Tom |last3=Firth |first3=Colin |last4=Rees |first4=Geraint |journal=Current Biology |volume=21 |issue=8 |pages=677–80 |pmid=21474316 |pmc=3092984}}</ref> after he suggested on ] that such a study could be done.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-13661538 | work=BBC News | title=Colin Firth credited in brain research | date=2011-06-05}}</ref> Another author of that paper, ], has an Erdős number of 5,<ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0013775 |title=Knowing with Which Eye We See: Utrocular Discrimination and Eye-Specific Signals in Human Visual Cortex |year=2010 |editor1-last=Baker |editor1-first=Chris I |last1=Schwarzkopf |first1=Dietrich Samuel |last2=Schindler |first2=Andreas |last3=Rees |first3=Geraint |journal=PLoS ONE |volume=5 |issue=10 |pages=e13775 |pmid=21048942 |pmc=2966441}} {{open access}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.de/nc/employee/details/aschindler.html |title=Andreas Schindler |publisher=Max Planck Institutefor Biological Cybernetics |date= |accessdate=December 29, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www-users.med.cornell.edu/~jdvicto/erdos.html |title=Can I help you find your Erdos number? |publisher=users.med.cornell.edu |date= |accessdate=December 29, 2011}}{{self-published inline|date=September 2013}}</ref> which gives Firth an Erdős number of 6. Firth appeared with Kevin Bacon in '']'', so his Bacon number is 1.<ref name="Where the Truth Lies IMDB"/>

] has Erdős–Bacon number of 4. He co-authored a peer-reviewed paper on ], giving him an Erdős number of 3.<ref name="ofdm">{{cite journal |doi=10.1109/TSP.2003.822350 |title=Space-time bit-interleaved coded modulation for OFDM systems |year=2004 |last1=Lee |first1=Inkyu |last2=Chan |first2=Albert M. |last3=Sundberg |first3=Carl-Erik |journal=IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing |volume=52 |issue=3 |pages=820–25|bibcode=2004ITSP...52..820L |s2cid=16281296 }}</ref><ref name="bergman">{{cite journal |doi=10.1307/mmj/1029004992 |title=Invariant subspaces in Bergman spaces and the biharmonic equation |year=1994 |last1=Duren |first1=Peter |last2=Khavinson |first2=Dmitry |last3=Shapiro |first3=Harold S. |last4=Sundberg |first4=Carl-Erik |journal=Michigan Mathematical Journal |volume=41 |issue=2 |pages=247–59|doi-access=free }}</ref><ref name="hilbert">{{cite journal |doi=10.1307/mmj/1028999306 |title=Large and small subspaces of Hilbert space |year=1965 |last1=Erdős |first1=Paul |last2=Shapiro |first2=Harold S. |journal=Michigan Mathematical Journal |volume=12 |issue=2 |pages=169–78|doi-access=free }}</ref> Chan appeared alongside Kevin Bacon in '']'', giving him a Bacon number of 1.<ref name="patriots">{{IMDb title|qid=Q23767799|title=Patriots Day}} as "Computer Forensic Tech"</ref>


==Others== ==Others==
], who is neither a scientist nor an actor, has an Erdős–Bacon number of 6. In 2010 Musk had a ] in the film '']''.<ref>{{cite magazine|last1=Tate|first1=Ryan|title=10 Awkward Hollywood Cameos by Tech Founders|url=https://www.wired.com/2012/09/founders-awkward-hollywood-cameos/|magazine=]|date= 2012-09-20|access-date=2021-05-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201034116/https://www.wired.com/2012/09/founders-awkward-hollywood-cameos/|archive-date=2017-12-01|url-status=live}}</ref> Since actor ] played a role in both ''Iron Man 2'' and in '']'' where also ] played a role, Musk has a ] of 2.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://oracleofbacon.org/movielinks.php?firstname=Kevin+Bacon&game=1&secondname=Elon+Musk |website= oracleofbacon.org |title= The Oracle of Bacon |quote= Elon Musk has a Bacon number of 2. Elon Musk was in Iron Man 2 with Mickey Rourke was in Diner with Kevin Bacon |access-date= 2021-05-08}}</ref> In 2021 Musk coauthored a ] scientific paper on ] together with ], among others.<ref>{{cite journal|title= Discrete SARS-CoV-2 antibody titers track with functional humoral stability |journal= ] | doi = 10.1038/s41467-021-21336-8 |pmc=7884400 |first1= Yannic C. |last1= Bartsch |first2= Stephanie |last2= Fischinger |first3= Sameed M. |last3= Siddiqui |first4= Zhilin |last4= Chen |first5= Jingyou |last5= Yu |first6= Makda |last6= Gebre |first7= Caroline |last7= Atyeo |first8= Matthew J. |last8= Gorman |first9= Alex Lee |last9= Zhu |first10= Jaewon |last10= Kang |first11= John S. |last11= Burke |first12= Matthew |last12= Slein |first13= Matthew J. |last13= Gluck |first14= Samuel |last14= Beger |first15= Yiyuan |last15= Hu |first16=Justin |last16= Rhee |first17= Eric |last17= Petersen |first18= Benjamin |last18= Mormann |first19= Michael |last19= de St Aubin |first20= Mohammad A. |last20= Hasdianda |first21= Guruprasad |last21= Jambaulikar |first22=Edward W. |last22= Boyer |first23=Pardis C. |last23= Sabeti |author-link23= Pardis Sabeti |first24= Dan H. |last24= Barouch |author-link24= Dan Barouch |first25= Boris D. |last25= Julg |first26= Elon R. |last26= Musk |author-link26= Elon Musk |first27= Anil S. |last27= Menon |first28= Douglas A. |last28= Lauffenburger |author-link28= Doug Lauffenburger |first29= Eric J. |last29= Nilles |first30= Galit |last30= Alter |author-link30= Galit Alter |date=2021-02-15 |volume= 12 |issue= 1 |page= 1018 |pmid= 33589636 |bibcode= 2021NatCo..12.1018B |doi-access= free }}</ref> Since Sabeti has an ] of 3,<ref>{{cite web|url= https://mathscinet.ams.org/mathscinet/freeTools.html?version=2 |title= MR: Search MSC database |website= ] |quote= MR Erdos Number = 3 Pardis C. Sabeti coauthored with Michael Mitzenmacher MR3595146 Michael Mitzenmacher coauthored with Joel H. Spencer MR2056083 Joel H. Spencer coauthored with Paul Erdős1 MR0382007 |access-date= 2021-05-08}}</ref> Musk has an Erdős number of 4<ref>{{cite web|url=https://sites.google.com/a/oakland.edu/jerry-grossman-home-page/home/the-erdoes-number-project/some-famous-people-with-finite-erdoes-numbers/other-distinguished-scholars-and-famous-people |title= Jerry Grossman's Web Page > The Erdös Number Project > Some Famous People with Finite Erdös Numbers > | publisher= ] |quote= Elon Musk entrepreneur 4 |access-date=2021-05-08}}</ref> and consequently an Erdős–Bacon number of 6.
], a ] player, could be considered to have an Erdős–Bacon number of 3, as he and Erdős both autographed the same baseball (for which he is jokingly referred to as having Erdős number of 1),<ref name="Aaron">{{cite web
| url = http://www.oakland.edu/enp/related.html
| title = The Erdős Number Project, Items of Interest Related to Erdös Numbers,
| accessdate = 2006-12-20
|archiveurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20061205223134/http://www.oakland.edu/enp/related.html <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archivedate = 2006-12-05}}</ref> and he also appeared in '']'' with ], who was in '']'', with Kevin Bacon.


] has an Erdős number of 3 through papers with ] and ],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.csauthors.net/distance/sergey-brin/paul-erdos|title=From Sergey Brin to Paul Erdős in three papers.|website=csauthors.net}}</ref> and he has two cameos in the 2013 comedy '']'',<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://techcrunch.com/2013/06/07/an-ex-googlers-take-on-the-internship/|title=An Ex-Googler's Take On "The Internship"|date=June 8, 2013}}</ref> leading to a Bacon number of 2 via ]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://oracleofbacon.org/movielinks.php?firstname=Kevin+Bacon&game=1&secondname=Sergey+Brin|title=The Oracle of Bacon|website=oracleofbacon.org}}</ref> and consequently an Erdős–Bacon number of 5.
==Table==


] has an Erdős number of 4<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.csauthors.net/distance/bill-gates/paul-erdos|title=From Bill Gates to Paul Erdős in four papers.|website=csauthors.net}}</ref> and in 1987 he participated in a short ] ''Citizen Steve'' about ], where he co-starred with ], giving him a Bacon number of 2<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://oracleofbacon.org/movielinks.php?firstname=Kevin+Bacon&game=1&secondname=Bill+Gates|title=The Oracle of Bacon|website=oracleofbacon.org}}</ref> and consequently an Erdős–Bacon number of 6.
For people listed in the ] who are connected to ], the average Bacon number is 2.957.<ref>{{dead link|date=December 2011}}{{failed verification|date=September 2013}}{{self-published inline|date=September 2013}}</ref> For mathematicians listed in the American Mathematical Society's MR Collaboration Distance search engine<ref></ref> who are connected to Erdős, the average Erdős number is 4.65.<ref>{{dead link|date=December 2011}}</ref> There currently exists no exhaustive list of people with defined Erdős–Bacon numbers,{{citation needed|date=September 2013}} but a select group is listed below.


==Table==
<!-- NOTE: This list, like the rest of Misplaced Pages, should be verifiable. Please include supporting documentation in the table or in the above text for new additions. Unsourced "Drive-by" additions will be immediately commented out and/or deleted. Poorly sourced older instances should eventually be well-sourced, too. --> <!-- NOTE: This list, like the rest of Misplaced Pages, should be verifiable. Please include supporting documentation in the table or in the above text for new additions. Unsourced "Drive-by" additions will be immediately commented out and/or deleted. Poorly sourced older instances should eventually be well-sourced, too. -->
{| class="wikitable sortable" {| class="wikitable sortable"
Line 60: Line 55:
! Erdős–Bacon number ! Erdős–Bacon number
|- |-
|{{sortname|Mayim|Bialik}}
| style="background: #efefef; font-weight: normal;" | {{sortname|David|Albert}}
| 4<ref name="Erdos1">{{cite web | 5 || 2 || 7<ref>{{cite web
| url = http://www.oakland.edu/enp/Erdos1 |url=http://erdosbaconsabbath.com/mayim-bialik/
|title=Mayim Bialik
| title = The Erdős Number Project, Erdos1
|work=Erdős Bacon Sabbath Project
| accessdate = 2006-12-20
|access-date=2014-02-09
|archiveurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20061207190951/http://www.oakland.edu/enp/Erdos1 <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archivedate = 2006-12-07}}</ref><ref name="AhAl">{{cite journal |doi=10.1103/PhysRevLett.60.1351 |title=How the result of a measurement of a component of the spin of a spin-1/2 particle can turn out to be 100 |year=1988 |last1=Aharonov |first1=Yakir |last2=Albert |first2=David |last3=Vaidman |first3=Lev |journal=Physical Review Letters |volume=60 |issue=14 |pages=1351–4 |pmid=10038016}}</ref><ref name="AhBe">{{cite journal |doi=10.1103/PhysRev.134.B1410 |title=Time Symmetry in the Quantum Process of Measurement |year=1964 |last1=Aharonov |first1=Yakir |last2=Bergmann |first2=Peter |last3=Lebowitz |first3=Joel |journal=Physical Review |volume=134 |issue=6B |pages=B1410–6}}</ref><ref name="BeSt">B Hoffmann, V Bargmann, PG Bergmann, EG Straus, "Working with Einstein" in ''Some strangeness in the proportion : a centennial symposium to celebrate the achievements of ]'', 1980.</ref>
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180115221646/http://erdosbaconsabbath.com/mayim-bialik/
| 3<sup><nowiki>(a)(b)</nowiki></sup>{{Citation needed|date=July 2013}}
|archive-date=2018-01-15
| 7<sup><nowiki>(b)</nowiki></sup>
|url-status=dead
}}</ref>
|- |-
|{{sortname|Jordan|Ellenberg}}
| style="background: #efefef; font-weight: normal;" | {{sortname|Michael J.|Behe|Michael J. Behe}}
| 4<ref name="BehiMarks"/><sup>(a)</sup> | 3<ref name="ellenberg-erdos"/> || 2<ref name="ellenberg-bacon"/> || 5
| 3<ref name="BehiD"/><sup>(a)</sup><sup>(b)</sup><sup>(d)</sup>
|<nowiki> 7 </nowiki>
|- |-
|{{sortname|Richard|Feynman}}
| style="background: #efefef; font-weight: normal;" | {{sortname|Mayim|Bialik}}
| 3 || 3 || 6<ref name="FeynmanEBS">{{cite web |url=http://erdosbaconsabbath.com/richard-feynman/ |title=Richard Feynman |work=Erdős Bacon Sabbath Project |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171225045109/http://erdosbaconsabbath.com/richard-feynman/ |archive-date=2017-12-25 |access-date=2015-12-26 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
| 5<ref name="Bialik">{{cite web
| url = http://erdosbaconsabbath.com/mayim-bialik/
| title = Erdős Bacon Sabbath Project › Mayim Bialik
| accessdate = 2014-02-09
}}</ref>
| 2<ref name="Bialik"/>
|<nowiki> 7</nowiki>
|- |-
|{{sortname|Colin|Firth}}
| style="background: #efefef; font-weight: normal;" | {{sortname|Patrick|Billingsley}}
|5<ref name="actors" group="lower-alpha" /><ref name=":0" />
| 4<ref>{{cite journal |first1=Leonard E. |last1=Baum |first2=Patrick |last2=Billingsley |authorlink2=Patrick Billingsley |year=1965 |title=Asymptotic Distributions for the Coupon Collector's Problem |journal=The Annals of Mathematical Statistics |volume=36 |issue=6 |pages=1835–9 |jstor=2239126 |doi=10.1214/aoms/1177699813}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1016/0097-3165(77)90049-8 |title=Fields of almost periodic sequences |year=1977 |last1=Baum |first1=Leonard E |last2=Herzberg |first2=Norman P |last3=Lomonaco |first3=S.J |last4=Sweet |first4=Melvin M |journal=Journal of Combinatorial Theory, Series A |volume=22 |issue=2 |pages=169–80}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1016/0012-365X(90)90007-5 |title=A &#91;45,13&#93; code with minimal distance 16 |year=1990 |last1=Conway |first1=J.H. |last2=Lomonaco |first2=S.J. |last3=Sloane |first3=N.J.A. |journal=Discrete Mathematics |volume=83 |issue=2–3 |pages=213–7}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1112/jlms/s2-19.1.137 |title=On the Distribution of Values of Angles Determined by Coplanar Points |year=1979 |last1=Conway |first1=J. H. |last2=Croft |first2=H. T. |last3=Erdos |first3=P. |last4=Guy |first4=M. J. T. |journal=Journal of the London Mathematical Society |volume=s2-19 |issue=1 |pages=137–43}}</ref>
|1<ref name="Where the Truth Lies IMDB" />
| 2<ref>{{self-published inline|date=September 2013}}</ref>
|6
|<nowiki> 6</nowiki>
|- |-
|{{sortname|Misha|Collins}}
| style="background: #efefef; font-weight: normal;" | {{sortname|David|Dalrymple|David Dalrymple (computer scientist)}}
|4<ref name="actors" group="lower-alpha" />
| 3<ref>{{cite book |doi=10.1145/1706299.1706301 |chapter=Reconfigurable asynchronous logic automata |title=Proceedings of the 37th annual ACM SIGPLAN-SIGACT symposium on Principles of programming languages - POPL '10 |year=2010 |last1=Gershenfeld |first1=Neil |last2=Dalrymple |first2=David |last3=Chen |first3=Kailiang |last4=Knaian |first4=Ara |last5=Green |first5=Forrest |last6=Demaine |first6=Erik D. |last7=Greenwald |first7=Scott |last8=Schmidt-Nielsen |first8=Peter |isbn=978-1-60558-479-9 |pages=1–6}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1145/1383369.1383377 |title=Ordinal embeddings of minimum relaxation |year=2008 |last1=Alon |first1=Noga |last2=Bădoiu |first2=Mihai |last3=Demaine |first3=Erik D. |last4=Farach-Colton |first4=Martin |last5=Hajiaghayi |first5=Mohammadtaghi |last6=Sidiropoulos |first6=Anastasios |journal=ACM Transactions on Algorithms |volume=4 |issue=4 |pages=1–21}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1016/S0195-6698(85)80027-5 |title=An Application of Graph Theory to Additive Number Theory |year=1985 |last1=Alon |first1=Noga |last2=Erdös |first2=P. |journal=European Journal of Combinatorics |volume=6 |issue=3 |pages=201–3}}</ref>
|2
| 2<sup>(b)(d)</sup><ref>{{cite web|url=http://oracleofbacon.org/cgi-bin/movielinks?a=Kevin+Bacon&b=David+Dalrymple&use_using=1&u0=on&use_genres=1&g8=on&g17=on&g21=on&g25=on&g7=on |title=David Dalrymple's Kevin Bacon number |publisher=The Oracle of Bacon |date= |accessdate=2012-07-24}}{{self-published inline|date=September 2013}}</ref>
|6
| 5<sup><nowiki>(b)(d)</nowiki></sup>
|- |-
|{{sortname|Stephen|Hawking}}
| style="background: #efefef; font-weight: normal;" | {{sortname|William A.|Dembski|William A. Dembski}}
| 4
| 4<ref name="Wunsch"/><ref name="Harary"/><ref name="ERDDD"/><ref name="DembskiMarks"/>
| 2<sup>(a)</sup><sup>(b)</sup><ref name="DembskiIMDb"/> | 2<ref name="as-self" group="lower-alpha" />
| 6<ref name="HawkingEBS">{{cite web |url=http://erdosbaconsabbath.com/stephen-hawking/ |title=Stephen Hawking |work=Erdős Bacon Sabbath Project |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171225044901/http://erdosbaconsabbath.com/stephen-hawking/ |archive-date=2017-12-25 |access-date=2018-11-10 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|<nowiki> 6 </nowiki>
|- |-
| {{sortname|Daniel|Kleitman}}
| style="background: #efefef; font-weight: normal;" | {{sortname|Henry|Houh}}
| 1 || 2 || 3<ref name="enp1999" />
| 5<ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1109/49.382161 |title=The VuNet desk area network: Architecture, implementation, and experience |year=1995 |last1=Houh |first1=H.H. |last2=Adam |first2=J.F. |last3=Ismert |first3=M. |last4=Lindblad |first4=C.J. |last5=Tennenhouse |first5=D.L. |journal=IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications |volume=13 |issue=4 |pages=710–21}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1016/0169-7552(96)00009-8 |title=Virtual infrastructure: Putting information infrastructure on the technology curve |year=1996 |last1=Tennenhouse |first1=David |last2=Lampson |first2=Butler |last3=Gillett |first3=Sharon Eisner |last4=Klein |first4=Jennifer Steiner |journal=Computer Networks and ISDN Systems |volume=28 |issue=13 |pages=1769–90}}</ref><ref>C Ellison, B Frantz, B Lampson, R Rivest, B Thomas, T Ylonen, , IETF Network Working Group RFC2693, September 1999</ref><ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1016/0022-0000(80)90014-8 |title=Coping with errors in binary search procedures |year=1980 |last1=Rivest |first1=R.L. |last2=Meyer |first2=A.R. |last3=Kleitman |first3=D.J. |last4=Winklmann |first4=K. |last5=Spencer |first5=J. |journal=Journal of Computer and System Sciences |volume=20 |issue=3 |pages=396–404}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1016/S0021-9800(68)80051-1 |title=On coloring graphs to maximize the proportion of multicolored k-edges |year=1968 |last1=Erdös |first1=Paul |last2=Kleitman |first2=Daniel J. |journal=Journal of Combinatorial Theory |volume=5 |issue=2 |pages=164–9}}</ref>
| 2<ref>{{IMDb title|0478087|21}} as "Chinatown Dealer" with line "Winner winner chicken dinner"{{failed verification|date=September 2013}}</ref><ref>{{IMDb title|0091814|Quicksilver}} with Laurence Fishburne from 21 appearing with Kevin Bacon{{failed verification|date=September 2013}}</ref>
|<nowiki> 7</nowiki>
|- |-
|{{sortname|Danica|McKellar}}
| style="background: #efefef; font-weight: normal;" | {{sortname|Robert|Knight|Robert T. Knight}}
| 4<ref name="Erdos1">{{cite web
| 4<ref name="RobertTKnight1">{{cite journal |doi=10.1162/jocn.2010.21466 |title=Cortical Spatio-temporal Dynamics Underlying Phonological Target Detection in Humans |year=2011 |last1=Chang |first1=Edward F. |last2=Edwards |first2=Erik |last3=Nagarajan |first3=Srikantan S. |last4=Fogelson |first4=Noa |last5=Dalal |first5=Sarang S. |last6=Canolty |first6=Ryan T. |last7=Kirsch |first7=Heidi E. |last8=Barbaro |first8=Nicholas M. |last9=Knight |first9=Robert T. |displayauthors=9 |journal=Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience |volume=23 |issue=6 |pages=1437–46 |pmid=20465359}}</ref><ref name="RobertTKnight2">{{cite journal |doi=10.1016/S1053-8119(09)71718-5 |title=MEG reconstructions of gamma band modulations during attentive reading validated by simultaneous intracranial EEG |year=2009 |last1=Dalal |first1=S.S. |last2=Baillet |first2=S. |last3=Adam |first3=C. |last4=Ducorps |first4=A. |last5=Schwartz |first5=D. |last6=Jerbi |first6=K. |last7=Bertrand |first7=O. |last8=Garnero |first8=L. |last9=Martinerie |first9=J. |last10=Lachaux |first10=J.P. |journal=NeuroImage |volume=47 |pages=S162}}</ref><ref name="RobertTKnight3">{{cite journal |doi=10.1136/emj.2007.052399 |title=Mass casualty incident management, triage, injury distribution of casualties and rate of arrival of casualties at the hospitals: Lessons from a suicide bomber attack in downtown Tel Aviv |year=2008 |last1=Raiter |first1=Y |last2=Farfel |first2=A |last3=Lehavi |first3=O |last4=Goren |first4=O B |last5=Shamiss |first5=A |last6=Priel |first6=Z |last7=Koren |first7=I |last8=Davidson |first8=B |last9=Schwartz |first9=D |last10=Goldberg |first10=A |last11=Bar-Dayan |first11=Y |journal=Emergency Medicine Journal |volume=25 |issue=4 |pages=225–9 |pmid=18356360}}</ref><ref name="RobertTKnight4">{{cite journal |doi=10.1007/BF02088008 |title=Minimum-diameter cyclic arrangements in mapping data-flow graphs onto VLSI arrays |year=1988 |last1=Erdös |first1=P. |last2=Koren |first2=I. |last3=Moran |first3=S. |last4=Silberman |first4=G. M. |last5=Zaks |first5=S. |journal=Mathematical Systems Theory |volume=21 |pages=85–98}}</ref>
|url=http://www.oakland.edu/enp/Erdos1
| 2<sup>(d)</sup><ref>{{IMDb title|1124060|Number One with a Bullet}} as Himself{{failed verification|date=September 2013}}</ref><ref>{{IMDb title|0361127|The Woodsman}} with Mos Def from Number One With A Bullet appearing with Kevin Bacon{{failed verification|date=September 2013}}</ref>
|title=The Erdős Number Project, Erdos1
| 6<sup><nowiki>(d)</nowiki></sup>
|access-date=2006-12-20
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061207190951/http://www.oakland.edu/enp/Erdos1
|archive-date=2006-12-07
|url-status=dead
}}</ref><ref name="ChayesMcKellar">{{cite journal |doi=10.1088/0305-4470/31/45/005 |title=Percolation and Gibbs states multiplicity for ferromagnetic Ashkin-Teller models on <math>\mathbb{Z}^2</math>|year=1998 |last1=Chayes |first1=L |last2=McKellar |first2=D |author-link2= Danica McKellar |last3=Winn |first3=B |journal=] |volume=31 |issue=45 |pages=9055–9063 |bibcode=1998JPhA...31.9055C }}</ref><ref name="ChayesKotecky">{{cite journal |doi=10.1007/BF02101808 |title=The analysis of the Widom-Rowlinson model by stochastic geometric methods |year=1995 |last1=Chayes |first1=J. T. |author-link1= Jennifer Tour Chayes |last2=Chayes |first2=L. |last3=Kotecký |first3=R. |journal=] |volume=172 |issue=3 |page=551|bibcode=1995CMaPh.172..551C |s2cid=15051914 |url=http://projecteuclid.org/euclid.cmp/1104274315 }}</ref><ref name="KoteckyPreiss">{{cite journal |doi=10.1007/BF01211762 |title=Cluster expansion for abstract polymer models |year=1986 |last1=Kotecký |first1=R. |last2=Preiss |first2=D. |author-link2= David Preiss |journal=] |volume=103 |issue=3 |pages=491–8|bibcode=1986CMaPh.103..491K |s2cid=121879006 |url=http://projecteuclid.org/euclid.cmp/1104114796 }}</ref>
| 2<ref name="actors" group="lower-alpha" />
| 6
|- |-
|{{sortname|Nicholas|Metropolis}}
| style="background: #efefef; font-weight: normal;" | {{sortname|Robert J.|Marks II}}
| 3<ref name="Wunsch"/><ref name="Harary"/><ref name="ERDDD"/> | 2<ref name="FeynmanEBS" />
| 2<ref name=MetropolisEBS>{{cite web|url=http://oracleofbacon.org/cgi-bin/oracle/movielinks?firstname=Kevin+Bacon&game=1&secondname=Nick+Metropolis |title=The Oracle of Bacon|website=oracleofbacon.org}}</ref>
| 2<sup>(a)</sup><sup>(b)</sup><ref name="MarksIMDb"/>
| 4
|<nowiki> 5 </nowiki>
|- |-
|{{sortname|Elon|Musk}}<!-- Source citations in the text above -->
| style="background: #efefef; font-weight: normal;" | {{sortname|Danica|McKellar}}
|4
| 4<ref name="Erdos1"/><ref name="ChayesMcKellar">{{cite journal |doi=10.1088/0305-4470/31/45/005 |title=Percolation and Gibbs states multiplicity for ferromagnetic Ashkin-Teller models on |year=1998 |last1=Chayes |first1=L |last2=McKellar |first2=D |last3=Winn |first3=B |journal=Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and General |volume=31 |issue=45 |pages=9055}}</ref><ref name="ChayesKotecky">{{cite journal |doi=10.1007/BF02101808 |title=The analysis of the Widom-Rowlinson model by stochastic geometric methods |year=1995 |last1=Chayes |first1=J. T. |last2=Chayes |first2=L. |last3=Kotecký |first3=R. |journal=Communications in Mathematical Physics |volume=172 |issue=3 |pages=551}}</ref><ref name="KoteckyPreiss">{{cite journal |doi=10.1007/BF01211762 |title=Cluster expansion for abstract polymer models |year=1986 |last1=Kotecký |first1=R. |last2=Preiss |first2=D. |journal=Communications in Mathematical Physics |volume=103 |issue=3 |pages=491–8}}</ref>
|2<ref name="as-self" group="lower-alpha" />
| 2<sup><nowiki>(a)</nowiki></sup>
|6
|<nowiki> 6</nowiki>
|- |-
| style="background: #efefef; font-weight: normal;" | {{sortname|Natalie|Portman}} (Hershlag) |{{sortname|Natalie|Portman}}
| 5<ref name="lobe"/><ref name="reduction"/><ref name="parallel"/><ref name="2D"/><ref name="logic"/> | 5<ref name="lobe"/><ref name="reduction"/><ref name="parallel"/><ref name="2D"/><ref name="logic"/>
| 2<ref name="actors" group="lower-alpha" />
| 2<sup>(a)</sup>
| 7<ref name="auto2"/>
|<nowiki> 7</nowiki>
|- |-
|{{sortname|Bruce|Reznick}}<!-- Source citations in the text above -->
| style="background: #efefef; font-weight: normal;" | {{sortname|Jonathan|Pritchard}}
|1
| 4<ref name="ReferenceC"/><ref name="On a Problem of I. Schur"/><ref>{{cite journal |title=The Evolution of Biology: A direct approach through the theory of linkage and selection |year=1971 |last1=Feldman |first1=Marcus W. |last2=Karlin |first2=Samuel |journal=Theoretical Population Biology |volume=2 |issue=4 |pages=482–492 |doi=10.1016/0040-5809(71)90036-0}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |title=On certain determinants whose elements are orthogonal polynomials |year=1960 |last1=Karlin |first1=Samuel |last2=Szegö |first2=Gábor |journal=Journal d’Analyse Mathématique |volume=8 |issue=1 |pages=1–157 |doi=10.1007/bf02786848}}</ref>
|2
| 2<ref name="ReferenceA"/><ref name="ReferenceB"/>
|3
|<nowiki> 6</nowiki>
|- |-
| style="background: #efefef; font-weight: normal;" | {{sortname|Carl|Sagan}} |{{sortname|Carl|Sagan}}
| 4
| 4<ref name="Erdos"/>
| 2<sup>(b)</sup><ref name="SaganBacon"/> | 2<ref name="as-self" group="lower-alpha" />
| 6<ref name="SaganEBS">{{cite web |url=http://erdosbaconsabbath.com/carl-sagan/ |title=Carl Sagan |work=Erdős Bacon Sabbath Project |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180111013340/http://erdosbaconsabbath.com/carl-sagan/ |archive-date=2018-01-11 |access-date=2018-11-10 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|<nowiki> 6</nowiki>
|- |-
|{{sortname|Kristen|Stewart}}
| style="background: #efefef; font-weight: normal;" | {{sortname|David|Eisenbud}}
| 2<ref name="Erdos"/> |5<ref name="KSPE"/>
|2<ref>{{IMDb title|qid=Q160071|title=Twilight}} co-starred Kristen Stewart and ]</ref><ref>{{IMDb title|qid=Q691672|title=Frost/Nixon}} co-starred ] and Kevin Bacon</ref>
| 4<sup>(b)</sup><ref name="SaganBacon"/>
|7
|<nowiki> 6</nowiki>
|- |-
|]
| style="background: #efefef; font-weight: normal;" | {{sortname|Yannai|Gonczarowski}}
|4
| 3<ref name="Yannai">{{cite web|url=http://yannai.gonch.name/erdos-bacon.html|title=Yannai Gonczarowski's website}}{{self-published inline|date=September 2013}}</ref>
|2
| 3<ref name="Yannai"/>
|6
|<nowiki> 6</nowiki>
|-
| style="background: #efefef; font-weight: normal;" | {{sortname|Tomer|Stern}}
| 4<ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1371/journal.pcbi.1000058 |title=Estimating Cell Depth from Somatic Mutations |year=2008 |editor1-last=Bourne |editor1-first=Philip E |last1=Wasserstrom |first1=Adam |last2=Frumkin |first2=Dan |last3=Adar |first3=Rivka |last4=Itzkovitz |first4=Shalev |last5=Stern |first5=Tomer |last6=Kaplan |first6=Shai |last7=Shefer |first7=Gabi |last8=Shur |first8=Irena |last9=Zangi |first9=Lior |last10=Reizel |first10=Yitzhak |last11=Harmelin |first11=Alon |last12=Dor |first12=Yuval |last13=Dekel |first13=Nava |last14=Reisner |first14=Yair |last15=Benayahu |first15=Dafna |last16=Tzahor |first16=Eldad |last17=Segal |first17=Eran |last18=Shapiro |first18=Ehud |journal=PLoS Computational Biology |volume=4 |issue=5 |pages=e1000058 |pmid=18404205 |pmc=2275312}} {{open access}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1371/journal.pcbi.0010050 |title=Genomic Variability within an Organism Exposes Its Cell Lineage Tree |year=2005 |last1=Frumkin |first1=Dan |last2=Wasserstrom |first2=Adam |last3=Kaplan |first3=Shai |last4=Feige |first4=Uriel |last5=Shapiro |first5=Ehud |journal=PLoS Computational Biology |volume=1 |issue=5 |pages=e50 |pmid=16261192 |pmc=1274291}} {{open access}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1145/226643.226652 |title=Interactive proofs and the hardness of approximating cliques |year=1996 |last1=Feige |first1=Uriel |last2=Goldwasser |first2=Shafi |last3=Lovász |first3=Laszlo |last4=Safra |first4=Shmuel |last5=Szegedy |first5=Mario |journal=Journal of the ACM |volume=43 |issue=2 |pages=268–92}}</ref><ref>{{page needed|date=September 2013}}</ref>
| 3<ref>{{IMDb title|0109751|Etz Hadomim Tafus}}{{failed verification|date=September 2013}}</ref><ref>{{IMDb title|0091019|Every Time We Say Goodbye}}{{failed verification|date=September 2013}}</ref><ref>{{IMDb title|0112384|Apollo 13}}{{failed verification|date=September 2013}}</ref>
|<nowiki> 7</nowiki>
|-
| style="background: #efefef; font-weight: normal;" | {{sortname|Wendelin|Werner}}
| 3<ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1080/17442509508834019 |title=Asymptotics for occupation times of half-lines by stable processes and perturbed reflecting brownian motion |year=1995 |last1=Shi |first1=Zhan |last2=Werner |first2=Wendelin |journal=Stochastics an International Journal of Probability and Stochastic Processes |volume=55 |pages=71}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Csáki |first1=Endre |last2=Shi |first2=Zhan |title=Large Favourite Sites of Simple Random Walk and the Wiener Process |journal=Electronic Journal of Probability |volume=3 |year=1998 |issue=14 |pages=1–31 |doi=10.1214/EJP.v3-36}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1007/BF00532646 |title=On the length of the longest excursion |year=1985 |last1=Csáki |first1=E. |last2=Erdős |first2=P. |last3=Révész |first3=P. |journal=Zeitschrift für Wahrscheinlichkeitstheorie und Verwandte Gebiete |volume=68 |issue=3 |pages=365–82}}</ref>
| 3<ref>{{self-published inline|date=September 2013}}</ref>
|<nowiki> 6</nowiki>
|-
| style="background: #efefef; font-weight: normal;" | {{sortname|Steven|Strogatz}}
| 3<ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1017/S002211209100383X |title=Chaotic streamlines inside drops immersed in steady Stokes flows |year=2006 |last1=Stone |first1=H. A. |last2=Nadim |first2=Ali |last3=Strogatz |first3=Steven H. |journal=Journal of Fluid Mechanics |volume=232 |pages=629–46}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1016/j.matcom.2006.06.002 |title=Oxygen transport from the outer boundary of a pulsating wall of an arteriole |year=2006 |last1=Limon |first1=Alfonso |last2=Bertuglia |first2=Silvia |last3=Nadim |first3=Ali |last4=Salamon |first4=Peter |journal=Mathematics and Computers in Simulation |volume=73 |issue=1–4 |pages=175–82}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.4153/CMB-1988-020-2 |title=The solution to a problem of Grünbaum |year=1988 |last1=Salamon |first1=Peter |last2=Erdős |first2=Paul |journal=Canadian Mathematical Bulletin |volume=31 |issue=2 |pages=129–38}}</ref>
| 1<sup>(b)(d)</sup><ref name="Connected: The Power of Six Degrees">{{IMDb title|1310375|Connected: The Power of Six Degrees}}</ref>
| 4<sup><nowiki>(b)(d)</nowiki></sup>
|-
| style="background: #efefef; font-weight: normal;" | {{sortname|Noam|Chomsky}}
| 4<ref>{{cite book |doi=10.1016/S0049-237X(08)72023-8 |chapter=The Algebraic Theory of Context-Free Languages |title=Computer Programming and Formal Systems |series=Studies in Logic and the Foundations of Mathematics |year=1963 |last1=Chomsky |first1=N. |last2=Schützenberger |first2=M.P. |isbn=978-0-444-53400-2 |volume=35 |pages=118–61}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Berge |first1=Claude |last2=Schützenberger |first2=Marcel Paul |url=http://www.ams.org/mathscinet-getitem?mr=89116 |title=Jeux de Nim et solutions |language=French |journal=C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris |volume=242 |year=1956 |pages=1672–4}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |doi=10.1007/BFb0066176 |chapter=The coloring numbers of the direct product of two hypergraphs |title=Hypergraph Seminar |series=Lecture Notes in Mathematics |year=1974 |last1=Berge |first1=C. |last2=Simonovits |first2=M. |isbn=978-3-540-06846-4 |volume=411 |pages=21–33}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Erdős |first1=P. |last2=Simonovits |first2=M. |url=http://www.ams.org/mathscinet-getitem?mr=205876 |title=A limit theorem in graph theory |journal=Studia Sci. Math. Hungar |volume=1 |year=1966 |pages=51–7}}</ref>
| 3<sup>(b)(d)</sup><ref name="Connected: The Power of Six Degrees"/>
| 7<sup><nowiki>(b)(d)</nowiki></sup>
|-
| style="background: #efefef; font-weight: normal;" | {{sortname|Bernard|Chazelle}}
| 2<ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1007/BF02573971 |title=How hard is half-space range searching? |year=1993 |last1=Brönnimann |first1=Hervé |last2=Chazelle |first2=Bernard |last3=Pach |first3=János |journal=Discrete & Computational Geometry |volume=10 |pages=143–55}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1016/0012-365X(80)90111-9 |title=On a problem of L. Fejes Tóth |year=1980 |last1=Erdös |first1=P. |last2=Pach |first2=J. |journal=Discrete Mathematics |volume=30 |issue=2 |pages=103–9}}</ref>
| 3<ref>{{self-published inline|date=September 2013}}</ref>
|<nowiki> 5</nowiki>
|} |}
Notes: Notes:
{{reflist|group=lower-alpha|refs=
<ref name="as-self" group="lower-alpha">Includes role as self.</ref>
<ref name="actors" group="lower-alpha">See ].</ref>
}}


==References==
:<sup>(a)</sup> See ].
{{reflist}}
:<sup>(b)</sup> Includes role as self
:<sup>(c)</sup> Includes role as extra
:<sup>(d)</sup> Includes documentary credit


{{Kevin Bacon}}
==References==
{{reflist|30em}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Erdos-Bacon Number}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Erdos-Bacon Number}}
]
] ]
] ]

Latest revision as of 16:07, 14 November 2024

Closeness of someone's association with mathematician Paul Erdős and actor Kevin Bacon

A person's Erdős–Bacon number is the sum of one's Erdős number—which measures the "collaborative distance" in authoring academic papers between that person and Hungarian mathematician Paul Erdős—and one's Bacon number—which represents the number of links, through roles in films, by which the person is separated from American actor Kevin Bacon. The lower the number, the closer a person is to Erdős and Bacon, which reflects a small world phenomenon in academia and entertainment.

To have a defined Erdős–Bacon number, it is necessary to have both appeared in a film and co-authored an academic paper, although this in and of itself is not sufficient as one's co-authors must have a known chain leading to Paul Erdős, and one's film must have actors eventually leading to Kevin Bacon.

Academic scientists

Albert-Laszlo Barabási has Erdős–Bacon number 3, as he co-authored work with Laszlo Lovasz in Nature Physics, who has Erdős number 1, as he coauthored multiple papers with Erdős. Barabási has Bacon number of 1 via the documentary Connected, released in 2008.

Mathematician Daniel Kleitman has an Erdős–Bacon number of 3. He co-authored papers with Erdős and has a Bacon number of 2 via Minnie Driver in Good Will Hunting; Driver and Bacon appeared together in Sleepers.

Like Kleitman, mathematician Bruce Reznick has co-authored a paper with Erdős and has a Bacon number of 2, via Roddy McDowall in the film Pretty Maids All in a Row where he appeared as an extra, giving him an Erdős–Bacon number of 3 as well.

Belgian economist François Maniquet has an Erdős number of 4, and also a Bacon number of 3 via the 2017 French film An Indian Tale, so that his Erdős–Bacon number is 7.

Physicist Nicholas Metropolis has an Erdős number of 2, and also a Bacon number of 2 via the Woody Allen film Husbands and Wives, giving him an Erdős–Bacon number of 4.

Metropolis and Richard Feynman both worked on the Manhattan Project at Los Alamos Laboratory. Via Metropolis, Feynman has an Erdős number of 3 and, from having appeared in the film Anti-Clock alongside Tony Tang, Feynman also has a Bacon number of 3. Richard Feynman thus has an Erdős–Bacon number of 6.

Theoretical physicist Stephen Hawking has an Erdős–Bacon number of 6: his Bacon number of 2 (via his appearance alongside John Cleese in Monty Python Live (Mostly), who acted alongside Kevin Bacon in The Big Picture) is lower than his Erdős number of 4.

Similarly to Stephen Hawking, scientist Carl Sagan has an Erdős–Bacon number of 6, also from a Bacon number of 2 and an Erdős number of 4.

Mathematician Jordan Ellenberg has an Erdős number of 3 and a Bacon number of 2 due to a cameo appearance in the film Gifted for which he was also the mathematical consultant.

Linguist Noam Chomsky has an Erdős number of 4, he also co-starred with Danny Glover in the 2005 documentary The Peace!, giving him a Bacon number of 2 and combined Erdős–Bacon number of 6.

Actors

Danica McKellar, who played Winnie Cooper in The Wonder Years, has an Erdős–Bacon number of 6. While an undergraduate at the University of California, Los Angeles, McKellar coauthored a mathematics paper with Lincoln Chayes, who via his wife Jennifer Tour Chayes has an Erdős number of 3, giving McKellar one of 4. Having worked with Margaret Easley, McKellar has a Bacon number of 2.

Israeli-American actress Natalie Portman has an Erdős–Bacon number of 7. She collaborated (using her birth name, Natalie Hershlag) with Abigail A. Baird, who has a collaboration path leading to Joseph Gillis, who has an Erdős number of 1, giving Portman an Erdős number of 5. Portman appeared in A Powerful Noise Live (2009) with Sarah Michelle Gellar, who appeared in The Air I Breathe (2007) with Bacon, giving Portman a Bacon number of 2.

British actor Colin Firth has an Erdős–Bacon number of 6. Firth is credited as co-author of a neuroscience paper, "Political Orientations Are Correlated with Brain Structure in Young Adults", after he suggested on BBC Radio 4 that such a study could be done. Another author of that paper, Geraint Rees, has an Erdős number of 4, which gives Firth an Erdős number of 5. Firth's Bacon number of 1 is due to his appearance in Where the Truth Lies.

Kristen Stewart has an Erdős–Bacon number of 7; she is credited as a co-author on an artificial intelligence paper that was written after a technique was used for her short film Come Swim, giving her an Erdős number of 5, and she co-starred with Michael Sheen in Twilight, who co-starred with Bacon in Frost/Nixon, giving her a Bacon number of 2.

Misha Collins has an Erdős–Bacon number of 6. He co-authored a peer-reviewed paper on The 2D shape structure dataset: A user annotated open access database May 2016 with Axel Carlier, Kathryn Leonard, Stefanie Hahmann and Geraldine Morin, giving him an Erdős number of 4. and he co-starred with Kiefer Sutherland in 24, who co-starred with Bacon in A Few Good Men, giving him a Bacon number of 2.

Albert M. Chan has Erdős–Bacon number of 4. He co-authored a peer-reviewed paper on OFDM, giving him an Erdős number of 3. Chan appeared alongside Kevin Bacon in Patriots Day, giving him a Bacon number of 1.

Others

Elon Musk, who is neither a scientist nor an actor, has an Erdős–Bacon number of 6. In 2010 Musk had a cameo in the film Iron Man 2. Since actor Mickey Rourke played a role in both Iron Man 2 and in Diner where also Kevin Bacon played a role, Musk has a Bacon number of 2. In 2021 Musk coauthored a peer-reviewed scientific paper on COVID-19 together with Pardis Sabeti, among others. Since Sabeti has an Erdős number of 3, Musk has an Erdős number of 4 and consequently an Erdős–Bacon number of 6.

Sergey Brin has an Erdős number of 3 through papers with Jeffrey Ullman and Ronald Graham, and he has two cameos in the 2013 comedy The Internship, leading to a Bacon number of 2 via Rose Byrne and consequently an Erdős–Bacon number of 5.

Bill Gates has an Erdős number of 4 and in 1987 he participated in a short mockumentary Citizen Steve about Steven Spielberg, where he co-starred with Whoopi Goldberg, giving him a Bacon number of 2 and consequently an Erdős–Bacon number of 6.

Table

Name Erdős number Bacon number Erdős–Bacon number
Mayim Bialik 5 2 7
Jordan Ellenberg 3 2 5
Richard Feynman 3 3 6
Colin Firth 5 1 6
Misha Collins 4 2 6
Stephen Hawking 4 2 6
Daniel Kleitman 1 2 3
Danica McKellar 4 2 6
Nicholas Metropolis 2 2 4
Elon Musk 4 2 6
Natalie Portman 5 2 7
Bruce Reznick 1 2 3
Carl Sagan 4 2 6
Kristen Stewart 5 2 7
Wendelin Werner 4 2 6

Notes:

  1. ^ See discussion above (Actors).
  2. ^ Includes role as self.

References

  1. Singh, Simon (May 1, 2002). "And the winner tonight is". The Telegraph. Archived from the original on November 12, 2012. Retrieved September 26, 2013.
  2. ^ "There's not much separating her from Bacon, Erdos". USA Today. August 14, 2007. Archived from the original on November 4, 2012.
  3. Collins, James J.; Chow, Carson C. (1998). "It's a small world". Nature. 393 (6684): 409–10. Bibcode:1998Natur.393..409C. doi:10.1038/30835. PMID 9623993. S2CID 6827605.
  4. Posfai, Marton (2024). "Impact of physicality on network structure". Nature Physics. 20: 142–149.
  5. ^ Grossman, Jerry (January 27, 1999). "The Erdös Number Project". Oakland University. Archived from the original on 1999-02-03. Retrieved 2021-03-03.
  6. Erdős, P.; Hildebrand, A.; Odlyzko, A.; Pudaite, P.; Reznick, B. (1987). "The asymptotic behavior of a family of sequences". Pacific J. Math. 126 (2): 227–241.
  7. Grossman, Jerry (December 6, 2018). "The Erdös Number Project". Oakland University. Archived from the original on 2020-03-11. Retrieved 2021-03-03.
  8. "The Oracle of Bacon". oracleofbacon.org.
  9. ^ "Richard Feynman". Erdős Bacon Sabbath Project. Archived from the original on 2017-12-25. Retrieved 2015-12-26.
  10. ^ "The Oracle of Bacon". oracleofbacon.org.
  11. ^ "Stephen Hawking". Erdős Bacon Sabbath Project. Archived from the original on 2017-12-25. Retrieved 2018-11-10.
  12. ^ "Carl Sagan". Erdős Bacon Sabbath Project. Archived from the original on 2018-01-11. Retrieved 2018-11-10.
  13. ^ "MR: Search MSC database". mathscinet.ams.org. Retrieved 2022-02-06. MR Erdos Number = 3 Jordan S. Ellenberg coauthored with Christopher M. Skinner MR1844206 Christopher M. Skinner coauthored with Andrew M. Odlyzko MR1210537 Andrew M. Odlyzko coauthored with Paul Erdős1 MR0535395
  14. ^ "The Oracle of Bacon". oracleofbacon.org. Retrieved 2022-02-14.
  15. "From Noam Chomsky to Paul Erdős in four papers". csauthors.net.
  16. "The Oracle of Bacon". oracleofbacon.org.
  17. ^ Chayes, L; McKellar, D; Winn, B (1998). "Percolation and Gibbs states multiplicity for ferromagnetic Ashkin-Teller models on Z 2 {\displaystyle \mathbb {Z} ^{2}} ". Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and General. 31 (45): 9055–9063. Bibcode:1998JPhA...31.9055C. doi:10.1088/0305-4470/31/45/005.
  18. ^ Chayes, J. T.; Chayes, L.; Kotecký, R. (1995). "The analysis of the Widom-Rowlinson model by stochastic geometric methods". Communications in Mathematical Physics. 172 (3): 551. Bibcode:1995CMaPh.172..551C. doi:10.1007/BF02101808. S2CID 15051914.
  19. ^ "MICHAEL'S ERDŐS-BACON NUMBER | The Liquid Narrative Research Group". liquidnarrative.eae.utah.edu.
  20. ^ Baird, A; Kagan, J; Gaudette, T; Walz, KA; Hershlag, N; Boas, DA (2002). "Frontal Lobe Activation during Object Permanence: Data from Near-Infrared Spectroscopy". NeuroImage. 16 (4): 1120–5. doi:10.1006/nimg.2002.1170. PMID 12202098. S2CID 15630444.
  21. ^ Baird, Abigail A.; Colvin, Mary K.; Vanhorn, John D.; Inati, Souheil; Gazzaniga, Michael S. (2005). "Functional Connectivity: Integrating Behavioral, Diffusion Tensor Imaging, and Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Data Sets". Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience. 17 (4): 687–93. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.484.1868. doi:10.1162/0898929053467569. PMID 15829087. S2CID 4666737.
  22. ^ Victor, Jonathan D.; Maiese, Kenneth; Shapley, Robert; Sidtis, John; Gazzaniga, Michael S. (1989). "Acquired central dyschromatopsia: analysis of a case with preservation of color discrimination". Clinical Vision Sciences. 4: 183–96.
  23. ^ Azor, Ruth; Gillis, J.; Victor, J. D. (1982). "Combinatorial Applications of Hermite Polynomials". SIAM Journal on Mathematical Analysis. 13 (5): 879–90. doi:10.1137/0513062.
  24. ^ Erdos, P.; Gillis, J. (2009). "Note on the Transfinite Diameter". Journal of the London Mathematical Society. s1-12 (3): 185. doi:10.1112/jlms/s1-12.2.185.
  25. "The Oracle of Bacon". oracleofbacon.org. Retrieved 2023-05-03.
  26. ^ Kanai, Ryota; Feilden, Tom; Firth, Colin; Rees, Geraint (2011). "Political Orientations Are Correlated with Brain Structure in Young Adults". Current Biology. 21 (8): 677–80. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2011.03.017. PMC 3092984. PMID 21474316.
  27. "Colin Firth credited in brain research". BBC News. 2011-06-05. Retrieved 2021-03-13.
  28. "From Geraint Rees 0001 to Paul Erdős in four papers". csauthors.net. Archived from the original on 2021-03-13. Retrieved 2021-03-13.
  29. ^ Where the Truth Lies at IMDb Edit this at Wikidata
  30. "The Oracle of Bacon". oracleofbacon.org. Retrieved 2021-03-13.
  31. ^ Gershgorn, Dave (19 January 2017). "Kristen Stewart (yes, that Kristen Stewart) just released a research paper on artificial intelligence".
  32. "From Paul Erdős to Kristen Stewart in five papers". Archived from the original on 2018-03-14. Retrieved 2021-03-13.
  33. "The Oracle of Bacon". oracleofbacon.org. Retrieved 2021-03-13.
  34. "ResearchGate.net The 2D shape structure dataset: A user annotated open access database". Retrieved 2024-02-12.
  35. "The Oracle of Bacon". oracleofbacon.org. Retrieved 2024-02-12.
  36. Lee, Inkyu; Chan, Albert M.; Sundberg, Carl-Erik (2004). "Space-time bit-interleaved coded modulation for OFDM systems". IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing. 52 (3): 820–25. Bibcode:2004ITSP...52..820L. doi:10.1109/TSP.2003.822350. S2CID 16281296.
  37. Duren, Peter; Khavinson, Dmitry; Shapiro, Harold S.; Sundberg, Carl-Erik (1994). "Invariant subspaces in Bergman spaces and the biharmonic equation". Michigan Mathematical Journal. 41 (2): 247–59. doi:10.1307/mmj/1029004992.
  38. Erdős, Paul; Shapiro, Harold S. (1965). "Large and small subspaces of Hilbert space". Michigan Mathematical Journal. 12 (2): 169–78. doi:10.1307/mmj/1028999306.
  39. Patriots Day at IMDb Edit this at Wikidata as "Computer Forensic Tech"
  40. Tate, Ryan (2012-09-20). "10 Awkward Hollywood Cameos by Tech Founders". Wired. Archived from the original on 2017-12-01. Retrieved 2021-05-08.
  41. "The Oracle of Bacon". oracleofbacon.org. Retrieved 2021-05-08. Elon Musk has a Bacon number of 2. Elon Musk was in Iron Man 2 with Mickey Rourke was in Diner with Kevin Bacon
  42. Bartsch, Yannic C.; Fischinger, Stephanie; Siddiqui, Sameed M.; Chen, Zhilin; Yu, Jingyou; Gebre, Makda; Atyeo, Caroline; Gorman, Matthew J.; Zhu, Alex Lee; Kang, Jaewon; Burke, John S.; Slein, Matthew; Gluck, Matthew J.; Beger, Samuel; Hu, Yiyuan; Rhee, Justin; Petersen, Eric; Mormann, Benjamin; de St Aubin, Michael; Hasdianda, Mohammad A.; Jambaulikar, Guruprasad; Boyer, Edward W.; Sabeti, Pardis C.; Barouch, Dan H.; Julg, Boris D.; Musk, Elon R.; Menon, Anil S.; Lauffenburger, Douglas A.; Nilles, Eric J.; Alter, Galit (2021-02-15). "Discrete SARS-CoV-2 antibody titers track with functional humoral stability". Nature Communications. 12 (1): 1018. Bibcode:2021NatCo..12.1018B. doi:10.1038/s41467-021-21336-8. PMC 7884400. PMID 33589636.
  43. "MR: Search MSC database". mathscinet.ams.org. Retrieved 2021-05-08. MR Erdos Number = 3 Pardis C. Sabeti coauthored with Michael Mitzenmacher MR3595146 Michael Mitzenmacher coauthored with Joel H. Spencer MR2056083 Joel H. Spencer coauthored with Paul Erdős1 MR0382007
  44. "Jerry Grossman's Web Page > The Erdös Number Project > Some Famous People with Finite Erdös Numbers >". Oakland University. Retrieved 2021-05-08. Elon Musk entrepreneur 4
  45. "From Sergey Brin to Paul Erdős in three papers". csauthors.net.
  46. "An Ex-Googler's Take On "The Internship"". June 8, 2013.
  47. "The Oracle of Bacon". oracleofbacon.org.
  48. "From Bill Gates to Paul Erdős in four papers". csauthors.net.
  49. "The Oracle of Bacon". oracleofbacon.org.
  50. "Mayim Bialik". Erdős Bacon Sabbath Project. Archived from the original on 2018-01-15. Retrieved 2014-02-09.
  51. "The Erdős Number Project, Erdos1". Archived from the original on 2006-12-07. Retrieved 2006-12-20.
  52. Kotecký, R.; Preiss, D. (1986). "Cluster expansion for abstract polymer models". Communications in Mathematical Physics. 103 (3): 491–8. Bibcode:1986CMaPh.103..491K. doi:10.1007/BF01211762. S2CID 121879006.
  53. Twilight at IMDb Edit this at Wikidata co-starred Kristen Stewart and Michael Sheen
  54. Frost/Nixon at IMDb Edit this at Wikidata co-starred Michael Sheen and Kevin Bacon
Kevin Bacon
Films directed
Family
Related articles
Categories: